;"SIT.  or  CALIf I 


3   1822  00112  9816 


^. 


THE   HISTORY 


UK   THK 


Pennsylvania  Hospital 


1751-1895 


IIIOMAS  G    MORTON,  M.   l>. 

Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians ; 

President  of  the  Medical  Staff  and  Senior  Surgeon  of  the  Pennsylvania  Huspilal  ; 

President  of  the  I'hiladelphia  Academy  of  Surgery  ; 

Etc..  Ktc. 

ASSISTKI)    IIV 

FRANK   WOODULKV.  M.   D. 

Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  ; 
Honorary  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  Medico-Chirurgical  College  : 

Etc..  Etc. 


PUBLICATION  AUTHORIZED  hV  THE  CONTRIBCTORS  AT  THKIK 

ANNUAL  MEETING,   .MAY,    1S93,  AND   DIRECTED  BY 

THE  BOARD  OF  MANAGERS 


PHII,AllKLrHI.\ 

TiMKs  Printing  House 


THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  SAN  DIEGO 

LA  JOLLA,  CALIFORNIA 


Copyright,  1895, 

by 

the  Cotilribiitors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

I'AGK 

I^tmis\'lvaiii;i  liospital l-'ronlispiece 

The  Pemisylvania  Hospital,  Vignette 3 

IV-lition  to  the  Assenihly  for  a  Hospital  .s 

Klection  of  First  Hoard  of  Manasjers         ...  12 

Koplin  Letter .  .26 

Law  for  Regulating  Klection  of  Managers  and  Treasurers 29 

I  )riginal  Seal  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  (I7,si4) 34 

Perspective  View  of  the  Hospital  (17.S5) jO 

The  Corner-stone  in  1894 ...  39 

Rnle  (ioverning  Managers'  Fines ...  41 

Fast  Wing  of  Hospital  with  Klaboratory  in   176S Oo 

l-ontract  with  Continental  .Authoritit-s  for  Klaboratory       62 

Book  of  Fines,  175.S .           64 

Hall  of  Centre  Building  .    ,    ,' 79 

Centennial  Celebration  of  Washington's  Birthday,  Invitation  to 87 

Library-room  looking  P-ast                   go 

Group  of  Medical  Men  (1S871 103 

Nurses'  Home 107 

Out-Patlent  Department 109 

The  "  Retreat  "  or  "  Lodge  " 109 

Memorial  Pavilions 110 

New  Entrance,  Female  Department  for  the  Insane,  N'ignette  11; 

Portrait  of  Mr.  Paul  Busti ll.^ 

Kesidenceof  Medical  Superintendent  of  Insane  Department  "9 

Prescription  for  Bleeding  a  Lunatic,  by  Dr.  Fonlke  (1791  I     .    .    .  125 

Bill  for  Chains  for  Liniatics  (1751) 126 

Cells  for  Lunatics,  Pine  Street  Hospital 129 

Portrait  of  Samuel  Coates 139 

I'ertificate  of  Insanity I4,s 

Kndorsement  on  Certificate 149 

Doctor  Rush's  "  Tranquillising  Chair'  J64 

Female  Department  for  Insane    ....  16.S 

Reading-room,  Male  Department  for  Insam 170 

Male  Department  for  Insane 176 

Parlor,  Male  Deiiartmenl  for  Insane  '77 

Parlor,  Female  De|)artment  for  Insane                          .                179 

Parlor,  Fisher  Waril,  Female  Departnienl           181 

Room  in  Fisher  Ward 1S2 

Department  for  Women — the  Villa     .                                                184 

"The  Villa," 1S4 


Doric  SiiMiiiKT  House 

(".yninaslic  Pavilion      

Mall  in  Ki-niak'  Di'parlnii'iit      

Till- ■' I.  \.  Williamson"  lUiililinn 

rill-  ■•  I.  \'.  Williamson"  DuililinK,  Sitting  room 

Old  Kntraniv,  Insaiu-  Dipartiniiit 

I'ortrail  of  Dr.  Thomas  S.  KirkhriiU' 

"  Takf  care  of  Mini  and  I  will  Kt-|iay  Tliie,"  X'iunitli- 

I'^ranklin's  (Artier  for  Atlmission  of  a  Patit-nt 

Admission  I'aiitr  Sinned  by  Dr.  Rush      

Room  I'sed  for  l.yinn-in  Deparlnient  (if(24-iS35) 

South  View  ol   Hospital,  showing  Chains  around   I'enn  Statue    . 
Miniature  of  Ikiiiamin  Kranklin  :  X'innetle  ■    • 

(  Hiiiipse  of  Hospital:  X'innette 

Plan  of  Orisinal  Purchase  of  Hospital  Site 

Plan  of  .Society  Sipiare,  West  of  Hospital 

Plan  of  Stpiare  after  K.\cliaii>ce  with  .Ahus-House    . 
Plan  of  Sipiare  after  Final  K.\chaiii;e  of  Properties 
Plan  of  Kastern  Sipiare 

Plan  of  l.ot,  South  of  Hospital  . 

Picture  House,  for  West's  Painting  ;   \iKnelt<- 

Christ  Healing  the  Sick 

Picture  House,  Rear  View 

House  of  Employment.  .Mmsllonse  and  PeiiiisvK  aula  llospilal 
Portrait  of   Dr.  I.ettsoni  ... 

Statue  of  William  I'enn 

Charter  of  Privileges  to  Pennsylvania  (  I7i»h 

Inscription  on  Pedestal  of  Peiin's  Statue 

Letter  of  Kranklin  RelVrrinj;  to  Statue  ( 177.SI        

William  Penn's  Chair 

The   Ritteuhonse  Hall-Clock  

Marble  Busts,  Peiiii  and  Washinntou,  Hall  Keinale  Deparlnient  for  Insane 

Kiifjravinj;  of  William  I'enn 

Hospital  Publications  ;  \'i){nette 

Portrait  of  Dr.  Abraham  Chovel 

Clinical  Amphitheatre  ( 1S6.SI:   \'i<;iullc 

Hospital  Charity  Bo.\  ;  Vis'iftte  ...  .        . 

Contributors'  Certificate    . 

(lid  Seal  of  Hospital  I  i-,S4i 

Managers  of  the  Peunsylvani.i   llcj>piial.  ekitid  .Ma\    i>v4 

The  .■\dniinistralioii  ( )flice  

Silhouette,  Josiah  Hewes    .... 

Portrait  of  Mordecai   I,.  Dawson 

Portrait  of  William  Hidilli- 

Portrait  of  Wistar  Morris 

Small  Seal  of  Hospital,  useil  on  Students'  Certificates 

Rules  for  the  Choice  of  Physicians  (17.S21 

Portrait  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush 

Student's  Certificate,  Conferring  Risht  t>>  .Attend  Praclici  oflhe  Hous>- 

Ward  Dressing-Carriage,  Antiseptic  Model 

Ward  Bed-Carriage 

Indenture    ...  . 


185 
189 
190 

I'M 
192 

'9.'; 

1 1)6 
2111 
20.^ 
2oS 
23» 

2-17 

269 
270 

275 

280 
2MI 

2.S- 

^"S 
3IA 
V9 
J2' 
323 
3.1 ' 
33i 
333 
335 
336 
.«7 
3-1" 
3AA 
34.S 
359 
3^4 
.365 
.177 
402 
•105 
409 
420 
429 
43" 
•13-1 
-139 
441 
450 
471 
477 
478 
480 


Library  looking  Snuth,  Managers'  Meeting  Room 485 

Portrait  of  Thomas  (iraeme,  M.  D.     .  485 

Portrait  of  Thomas  Cadwalader.  M.  I'  .    486 

Portrait  of  John  Rfdman,  M.  D.  .        .  486 

Portrait  of  Lloyd  Zachary.  M.  D.    .  .    487 

Portrait  of  Phiiieas  Bond,  AL  I).  .                                                            .    .  488 

Portrait  of  John  Morgan.  "SI.  I).  .    4S9 

Portrait  of  Adam  Kuhn,  M.  I)  4gi 

Portrait  of  Thomas  Parke,  M.  1).  491 

Portrait  of  James  Hutchinson,  M.  1 1  492 

Portrait  of  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  M    1)  492 

Portrait  of  John  Koulke,  M.  L).    .  495 

Portrait  of  Caspar  Wistar,  i\L  1>.  495 

Portrait  of  Philip  Syng  Physick.  M.  li  497 

Portrait  of  Benjamin  Smith  Barton.  M.  I).  49,s 

Portrait  of  John  Redman  Co.\e.  M.  1).  .  498 

Portrait  of  Thomas  C.  James,  ^L  I> 499 

Portrait  of  John  Syng  Dorsey,  M.  I) 500 

Portrait  of  Joseph  Hartshorne,  M.  I).  .     501 

Portrait  of  John  C.  (Jtto,  \L  I).    .    .    .  501 

I'ortrait  of  Samuel  Emlen,  M.  D.    .       .    .    .  503 

Portrait  <if  John  K.  Mitchell,  M.  D 504 

Portrait  of  Hugh  L.  Hodge,  M.  I) 505 

Portrait  of  fieorge  B.  Wood,  JL  I > 506 

Portrait  of  Jacob  Randolph,  M.  I) ...    507 

Portrait  of  (ieorge  W.  Xorrls.  M.I) .         507 

Portrait  of  Charles  D.  Meigs,  M.  I).  .  508 

Portrait  of  William  Pepper.  .^L  I).  .  509 

Portrait  of  Joseph  Carson,  ^L  U ,Sii 

Portrait  of  Joseph  Pancoast,  M.  I) 512 

Portrait  of  John  Forsyth  Meigs,  M.  1 1                                    '  .    .    513 

Portrait  of  p;dward  Hartshorne,  .M.  ]>.  314 

Portrait  of  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  M.  li 514 

Portrait  of  William  Hunt,  M.  I) .316 

Portrait  of  I).  Hayes  .Agnew,  AL  D.    .  ...    516 

Portrait  of  James  A.  Meigs,  M.  L).  .    .  51S 

Portrait  of  Richard  J.  Levis,  M.  I).    .  51S 

The  Hosjiital  Pharmacy      .        ...    525 

Communication  from  Physicians  to  Managers  (1775)    .  529 

Report  concerning  K.xamination  for  .Apothecary  532 

Certificate  from  James  Craik,  M.I) 534 

Portrait  of  John  Conrad,  M.  I).  .    .    536 

Treaty  Kim,  with  Steward  Malin  ...    538 

Inscriiition  on  Treaty  Elm  Monumi  in  539 

Portrait  of  William  (Junn  Malin  .  540 

(Gatekeeper,  deorgc  Taylor,  and  "Crockie  '  545 

Fire  En.gine  (1763) 546 


TABLh  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAG 

List  of  llliistratioiis  i 

Table  of  Conti-iUs  iv 

Preface .      v 

"  On  X'isilinn  the  Pennsylvania  I  lospit^il  i 

The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  •, 

Department  for  tlie  Insane  H.l 

Patients 201 

Financial  Affairs  aiul  Administration  247 

Real  Estate 2ii>t 

Works  of  Art,  Memorial  Furniture,  etc.  v'.S 

The  Library  and  Patholojjical  Museum  .  i|s 

Legacies,  Donations,  and  Contributions  -,'15 

I.isl  of  Contrilnitors  to  the  Hospital  177 

The  Hospital  Administration (03 

The  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  405 

Biographical  Sketches  of  Managers  i^io 

The  Medical  Staff 1  ■,'- 

Biographical  Sketches  of  Physicians  4.S.S 
Apothecaries,  Stewards,  and  Matrons                                                   .  525 

Some  Reminiscences ,S4S 

Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  .s|o 

Officers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  .v>.! 

Lineal  Succession  of  Medical  Staff  sAi 

Index  .  S^'S 


PREFACE. 

About  ten  years  ago,  in  an  aliandoned  closet  in  the  "  Retreat,"  an 
out-building  of  the  Hospital,  was  found  a  large  collection  of 
letters,  accounts,  and  memoranda,  which  were  liable  to  be  lost  or 
destroyed.  Among  them  were  discovered  many  of  the  early  papers  of 
the  Institution.  The  attention  of  the  Board  of  Managers  being 
directed  to  the  existence  of  these  perishable  archives  the  following 
action  was  taken  in  reference  thereto  : 

At  a  stated  meeting  of  the  lioard  of  Managers  held  this  day,  the  following 
was  adopted  ; 

Resolved,  That  this  Board  return  their  thanks  to  Dr.  Thomas  G.  .Morton,  for 
his  bringing  to  their  attention,  certain  .\ncient  papers,  relating  to  the  Hospital,  its 
organization  and  methods  of  administration,  which  he  discovered  in  an  inap- 
propriate place  within  the  Hospital,  and  the  same  were  directed  to  be  placed  by 
the  Steward,  in  the  Fire  Proof  Safe,  in  the  Pine  Street  Hospital. 

Bbm.  H.  Siiokmakkk,  Sici'v. 
Phit.aiuvI.T'Iiia,  I  nno,  30,  1SS5. 

It  appears  that  some  thirty  years  before,  when  alterations  were  in 
progress  in  the  Library,  these  old  documents  had  been  carried  over 
tn  the  Retreat,  where  they  were  subsequently  overlooked  and  their 
existence  forgotten.  In  order  to  preserve  the  valuable  historical 
material  contained  in  these  manuscripts  and  to  prevent  their  being 
again  mislaid  or  lost,  it  was  suggested,  as  an  eminently  proper  procedure 
to  incorporate  them  in  a  publication,  which  should  be,  in  fact,  "The 
History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital."  This  was  taken  up  for 
consideration  at  the  Contributors'  Meeting,  in  May,  1S93,  when  it 
met  with  cordial  approval,  as  expressed  in  the  following  extract  from 
the  minutes : 

At  a  meeting  of  tlio  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  held  May  1. 
1R93,  on  motion  of  Mr.  George  M.  Conarroe  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  Contributors  have  been  glad  to  learn  that  a  lull  and  com 
pletc  history  of  the  Hospital  from  its  foundation  in  .\.  D.  1751,  is  now  in  prepara- 
tion which  will  be  a  monument  worthy  in  matter  and  style  of  the  noble  Institution 
— the  first  of  its  kind  in  .America — whose  records  it  will  preserve  and  perpetuate. 

Resolved,  That  the  favorable  attention  of  the  Contributors  is  requested 
toward  the  fund  for  the  i>ublication  of  this  handsome  volume. 


Not  only  was  moral  sii|)porl  offered,  but  substantial  contribu- 
tions were  given,  at  that  time  and  since,  towards  the  expense  of 
publishing  the  work,  of  which,  grateful  mention  may  be  made  in  this 
place  : 

Josephine  M.  Aver,  (N.  Y.),  $500 ;  John  W.  Biddle,  $20 ;  The  Misses  Blanchar<l, 
$100;  T.  Wistar  Brown,  S50 ;  Charles  E.  Cadwalader,  $5  ;  John  B.  Chapin,  M.  1)., 
$10;  C.  H.  Chirk,  S25;  E.  \V.  Clark,  $25;  Mary  Coates,  S25 ;  Geo.  M.  Conarroe, 
$25;  J.  M.  Pa  Costa,  M.  I)..  $20;  Kniil  Fischer,  M.  I).,  S5  ;  John  B.  C.arrelt,  $20; 
Joseph  E.  GillinKhani,  S50  ;  Ch.is.  J.  llarrah,  Sjo<i;  Charles  llarlshorne,  $211. 
Edward  Hopper,  S25 ;  C.  H.  Hutchinson,  Jio;  Miss  MarKarella  llnUliinson,  Sio; 
Ann  S.  Hutchinson,  $20;  John  Story  Jcnks,  S50  ;  W'ni.  M.  C.  Kimlier,  5'o , 
Mrs.  John  I.,inil>ert,  $5  ;  Mrs.  John  L.  I.eConle,  Jio;  Robert  M.  Lewis,  S'o;  Mary 
Morris,  S2.S  ;  Thos.  (!.  Morton.  M.  I>.,S5oo;  Henry  Norris.  S20 ;  Ann  \V.  Pear- 
sail,  $10;  Anna  M.  Powers,  Sii«);  J.  G.  Rosengarten,  $50  ;  Wni.  M.  Singerly,  $2.s  ; 
James  Spear,  S20  ;  Thom.as  ScallerRood,  S20 ;  Edmund  Smith,  S20  ;  Frank  Thom- 
son, S50  ;  Joseph  B.  Townsend,  $50 ;  H.  C.  Townsend,  $10;  Edward  WilliuK. 
S2,i  ;  Sarah  E.  Wistar,  S20  ;  George  Wood,  $20. 

The  thanks  of  the  compilers  of  these  records  are  cordially 
returned  also  to  the  Hoard  of  Manaj^ers  for  the  encoiirat,'ement  and 
support  given  during  the  progress  of  the  undertaking,  and  acknowl- 
edgment is  hereby  especially  tendered  to  the  Publication  Committee 
of  the  Board  of  Managers,  Messrs.  Benj.  H.  Shoemaker,  Joseph  It. 
Townsend,  and  Alexander  Biddle,  for  active  assistance  and  interest 
in  the  work,  and  also  to  I)rs.  A.  J.  Ourt,  John  B.  Chapin,  and  Henry 
M.  Wetherill,  and  to  Messrs.  D.  D.  Test  and  W.  A.  Armstrong. 
Thanks  are  also  returned  to  Mrs.  Gillespie  for  permission  to  use  the 
very  artistic  miniature  of  Franklin,  wliich  finds  an  appropriate  place 
over  the  article  on  Financial  Affairs  and  Administration.  The  fol- 
lowing letter  is  of  some  interest  in  connection  therewith  : 

Tuesday,  December  4,  1S94. 

l)i;.VK  Uk.  Mdkton  :  I  have  great  pleasure  in  granting  the  request  you  make 
to  me  in  your  note  of  yesterday.  The  negative  of  my  miniature  of  Franklin  is 
at  your  service  for  the  History  of  the  Tcnnsylvania  Hospital. 

It  may  perhaps  interest  you  to  know  that  this  picture  was  taken  in  Paris,  by 
Duplessis,  and  was  in  the  opinion  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Bache  (my  grandmother), 
the  best  likeness  of  her  father  ever  taken.  It  has  been  twice  copied,  once  for  the 
statue  which  was  placed  over  the  Franklin  Market  on  Tenth  Street,  and  which 
now  stands  over  the  Ledger  Office  door,  and  once  for  a  frontispiece  for  Mr.  Hale's 
"  Franklin  in  France." 

I  hope  these  facts  will  not  interfere  with  your  ilesire  to  have  the  copy,  for  I 
shall  be  glad  to  h.ive  anything  belonging  to  me  connected  with  an  Institution 
which  I  so  much  respect. 

I  am  most  truly  yours, 

E.  n.  Gii.lkspie:. 

For  the  typograjihical  excellence  of  this  book,  the  Contributors 
are  indebted  to  the  Managers  of  the  Times  Printing  House,  who 
have  been   most  accommodating  and  courteous,  rendering  the  task 


of  the  compilers  as  pleasant  and  as  light  as  possible.  Thanks  are  also 
due  to  Mr.  James  P.  Harbeson  of  the  Gutekunst  Company  for  the 
unusual  excellence  of  the  illustrations. 

Wliile  the  list  of  Contributors  to  the  Hospital  has  been  most 
carefully  compiled  from  the  records,  it  is  still  possible  that  there  may 
have  been  some  errors,  or  omissions,  and,  in  fact,  the  following 
names  have  been  observed  to  be  incorrect,  for  which  slight  typo- 
graphical errors  due  apology  is  made  : 

(On  page  369)  Paletliorp,  J.  H.  (375)  Stiles,  Henrj' ;  Stiles,  H.  A.  (378) 
Biddle,  Katharine  H.  ;  Biddle,  Robt.  and  \V.  C- ;  Boker.  Chas.  S.  (380) 
Cash,  Andrew,  D.  ;  Cattell,  Elijah  G.  ;  Claghorn,  James  L. ;  Claghorn,  James  \V. 
(381)  Cowperthwaite,  Joseph  ;  Cramond,  Henry.  (382)  Dreer,  Ferdinand  J.  (383) 
Klmslie,  .\nn  ;  Ehnslie,  Elizabeth  ;  Elmslie,  Rebecca ;  Elmslie,  William  ;  Kair- 
thorne,  Frederick  ;  Fassitt,  Alfred  ;  Fearons  &  Smith;  Field,  Charles  J.  ;  Firth. 
Thomas  T.;  Fisher,  J.  Francis.  (385)  Griffitts,  William  F.;  Griffitts,  Samuel  P.,M.lJ. 
(387)  Hutchinson,  I.  Pemberton.  (388)  Kisterboch,  Josiah.  (389)  Lindsay  & 
lilakiston  ;  Lowber,  Edward.  (391)  Moorhead,  Joel  B.  (393)  Powel,  John  Hare  : 
Powel,  Mrs.  John  Hare;  Powel,  R.  Hare;  Powel,  Samuel.  (394I  Rhawn.W.  H.  ; 
Ricketts,  John  T.  :  Robinson,  Moncure.  (395I  Sharpless,  Xathan  H.  (400) 
Wurts,  Charles  S.,  M.  D. 

In  preparing  this  History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  from  the 
original  documents,  special  effort  has  been  made  to  preserve  the  forms 
of  archaic  expression  and  peculiar  orthography,  of  these  ancient 
papers,  by  careful  comparison  of  the  proof  with  the  original,  even  at 
the  risk  of  seeming  to  sanction  ])eculiarities  of  orthography,  or  of 
grammatical  construction,  which  differ  from  the  standards  of  the 
present  day.  The  exertions  made  to  obtain  portraits  of  the  Managers 
and  Physicians  have  been  only  measurably  successful  and  lead  to 
regret  that  this  attempt  to  secure  complete  sets  had  not  been  made 
man\-  )ears  ago. 

Among  the  noteworthy  features  of  this  work  is  material  which, 
hitherto,  has  never  been  published,  such  as  the  letters  from  Lieutenant 
Governor  Hamilton  to  the  Penns;  also  various  letters  of  the  Mana- 
gers to  the  Proprietors  ;  letters  from  Dr.  Fothergill  of  London  ;  cor- 
respondence of  the  Managers  with  Governors  Denny  and  Richard 
Penn  and  also  letters  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  who  was  the  first  clerk 
of  the  Pioard  of  Managers.  The  account  of  the  difficulties  of  the 
Hospital  administration  during  the  trying  period  of  the  Revolution 
and  the  report  of  the  action  taken  by  the  Managers  on  the  bequest  of 
questionable  value  contained  in  Franklin's  will,  are  of  special  interest. 
The  history  of  the  development  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane 
and  of  the  ceremonies  attending  the  laying  of  the  corner-stones  of 
the  buildings,  has  also  decided  interest  and  value.  The  opinion 
of    Horace    Binney,    Esq.,   prepared    by   request   of    the    Board   of 


Manaj^ers,  on  the  "  Duties  of  the  Coroner,"  and  the  text  of  tlie 
decision  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  England,  in  reference  to  an  Act 
of  Parliament,  in  favor  of  the  Hospital,  in  the  matter  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania l^nd  Com])any'.s  estate,  with  corres|iondence  in  relation  iherelo, 
are  also  here  published  for  the  first  time,  while  the  services  of 
Franklin  and  l-'othergill  in  this  matter  are,  at  length,  publicly 
acknowledged.  In  the  section  of  "Real  Estate,"  is  revealed  a 
chapter  of  local  history  which  hitherto  has  been  inaccessible  and 
which  has  been  pre])ared  with  great  care  for  this  work.  When-  the 
corner-stone  of  the  Hospital  on  Eighth  Street  was  laid,  in  1752,  the 
locality  was  selected  because  of  its  remoteness  from  the  built-u|)  por 
tions  of  the  city.  The  Managers  afterward  secured  plots  of  land  U> 
the  west,  east,  and  south,  for  hygienic  purposes,  in  order  to  prevent 
encroachment  by  buildings,  that  would  interfere  with  the  patients' 
supply  of  fresh  air.  This  laudable  design  was  frustrated  by  the  growth 
of  the  city  and  they  consequently  found  it  advantageous  to  exchange 
this  property  surrounding  the  Hospital  for  land  in  West  Philadelphia. 
The  illustrations,  ii  is  believed,  add  very  materially  to  the  value  of 
this  Hisior)'.  Among  them  attention  is  especially  called  to  the  fine 
photogravure  of  West's  painting  "  Christ  Healing  the  Sick."  The 
vignettes  at  the  heads  of  the  sections,  as  indeed  most  of  the  illustra- 
tions, are  from  ])hotographic  views  taken  especially  for  this  book. 

Daniel  Webster,  in  his  speech  at  the  •'  Plymouth  Celebration," 
(^•'Watson's  Annals  of  New  York,"  I'hila.,  1S46,  p.  364)  well 
expressed  the  motives  which  have  ins|iired  the  compilation  of  these 
records  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  : 

"  It  is  wise  lluis  to  recur  to  tlii;  sc-nliimnts,  and  to  tlit-  diaraoli-r  of  those  from 
whom  wc  are  ik'scendcil.  Men  who  are  regardless  of  their  ancestors  and  of  their 
posterity,  are  very  apt  to  be  regardless  of  themselves.  The  m.'in  who  does  not  feel 
himself  to  he  a  link  in  the  great  chain  to  transmit  his  life  and  being,  intellectual 
and  moral  e.xistence,  from  his  ancestors  to  his  posterity,  does  not  justly  appre- 
ciate the  relations  which  belong  to  him.  The  contemplation  of  our  ancestors 
and  of  our  ilescendants  ought  ever  to  be  witliin  the  grasp  of  our  thoughts  and 
aflections.  Thf  past  belongs  to  us  by  atVectionate  retrospect;  v:\\\\k  llii- futuie 
belongs  to  us,  no  less,  by  allectionate  anticipation  for  those  who  are  to  come  after 
us.  And  then  only  do  we  do  ourselves  justice,  when  we  are  ourselves  true  to  the 
blood  we  inherit,  and  true  to  those  to  whom  we  have  been  tile  means  uf  trans- 
mitting that  blooil  " 


"  ®n  IDisiting 
Zbc  ipennsijlvania  Ibospital." 


by 
FRANCIS  SCOTT  KEY. 


Whose  fair  abode  is  this?     Whose  happy  lot 

Has  drawn  them  in  these  peaceful  shades  to  rest, 

And  hear  the  distant  hum  of  busy  life  ? 

The  city's  noise,  its  clouds  of  smoke  and  dust. 

Vainly  invade  these  leafy  walls  that  wave 

On  high  around  it,  sheltering  all  within. 

And  wooing  the  scared  bird  to  stay  its  flight 

And  add  its  note  of  joy  to  bless  the  scene  : 

The  city's  toils,  and  cares,  and  strifes  are,  sure, 

Alike  excluded  here — Content  here  smiles 

And  reigns,  and  leads  her  vot'ries  through  the  maze 

Of  flower-embroidered  walks  to  bowers  of  bliss  : 

O  !  'tis  a  sight  to  warm  the  heart  of  him 

Who  feels  for  man,  and  shares  the  joys  he  sees." 


*  Poems  of  the  late  Francis  S.  Key,  Esq.,  author  of  "  The  Star 
Spangled  Banner."  With  an  Introductory  Letter  by  Chief  J  ustice 
Taney.    New  York,  1857. 


THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 

From  a  |  etition  presented,  tlie  23d    of  January,    1751,    to    the 
Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  by  '' sundry  Inhabitants,"    Petition  to 
it  appears  that,  prior  to  the  founding  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  no   Provincial 
permanent,  public  provision  had  been  made  in  this  Province  for  the  Assembly, 
care  of  persons  "distemper'd  in  Mind  and  depriv'd  of  their  rational 
Faculties,"   or   for  the  relief  of  sick  and  injured   inhabitants.     The 
petitioners  speak  of  the  insane  as  : 

Some  of  them  going  at  large,  a  Terror  to  their  Neighbours,  who  are  daily 
apprehensive  of  the  Violences  they  may  commit ;  And  others  are  continually 
wasting  their  Substance,  to  the  great  Injury  of  themselves  and  Families,  ill- 
disposed  Persons  wickedly  taking  Advantage  of  their  unhappy  Condition,  and 
drawing  them  into  unreasonable  Bargains,  etc. 

With  reference  to  the  indigent  sick  of  the  Province,  it  is  set  forth  : 
That  the  good  Laws  of  this  Province  have  made  many  compassionate    and 
charitable   Provisions   for  the    Relief  of  the   Poor,  yet  something   farther  seems 
wanting  in  favour  of  such  whose  Poverty  is  made  more   miserable  by  the  addi- 
tional Weight  of  a  grievous  Disease,  from  which  they  might  easily  be  relieved,  etc. 

The  fact  that  temporary  accommodation  had  been  provided  for 
sick  strangers,  although  nothing  of  this  kind  had  been  furnished  for 
permanent  residents,  was  certainly  a  strong  argument  in  favor  of 
establishing  a  Hospital,  and  this  is  expressed  in  clear  terms  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  petition  : 

The  kind  Care  our  Assemblies  have  heretofore  taken  for  the  Relief  of  sick  and    sjck 
di.stempered  Strangers,  by  providing  a  Place  for  their  Reception  and  .'\ccomnio-    Strangers 
dation,  leaves  us  no  Room  to  doubt  their  showing  an  equal  tender  Concern  for  the    Provided  for. 
Inhabitants.       And   we   hope  they   will  be  of   Opinion   with   us,   that   a    small 
Provincial  Hospital,  erected  and  put  under  proper  Regulations   in  the  Care  of 
Persons  to   be  appointed  by  this  House,  or  otherwise,  as  they  shall  think  meet, 
with  Power  to   receive  and   apply   the   charitable   Benefactions  of  good    People 
towards  enlarging  and  supporting  the  same,  and  some  other  Provisions  in  a  Law 
for  the  Purposes  abovementioned,  will  be  a  good  Work,  acceptable  to  God  and  to 
all  the  good  People  they  represent. 


The  public  provision  made  for  the  sick  and  distempered  ininii- 
granis  above  referred  to  had,  in  all  iirobability,  been  insjjired,  not  so 
much  by  tender  concern  for  their  welfare,  as  by  the  desire  to  keep 
such  persons  out  of  the  city,  and  by  thus  isolating  them,  to  jirevent 
the  introduction  of  contagious  disease.  The  provisions  here  referred 
to  constituted  the  first  attempts  to  i)rotect  the  inhabitants  by  the 
establishment  of  quarantine  at  the  port  of  Philadelphia.  Indeed, 
up  to  1740,  whenever  sick  immigrants  arrived  at  Philadelphia,  it  was 
the  usual  custom  to  ])lace  them  in  empty  houses  about  the  city,  and  in 
this  wav  infection  was  frequently  communicated  to  the  neighbors. 
Care  of  Sick  j^  ^^^^,  ^^^  interesting  to  note  some  of  the  means  and  methods 

and  Insane  '     ,  ...  ,     .   ,  ,    .  ^ 

Poor    adopted  m  the  Province  for  the  care  of  sick  and  insane  jjoor,  from 

1676  to  the  time  when  the  petition  just  referred  to  was  presented  to  the 
Assembly.  The  earliest  provision  for  maintaining  an  insane  patient  is 
found  in  the  records  of  the  Uiiland  Court,  Delaware  County,  Pa.,  in 
1676, 

Jan  Cornelisscn,  of  AmeslancI,  ComplayniiiK  to  ye  Court  that  his  son  Erick  is 
bereft  of  his  nalurall  Senses  and  is  turned  quyt  madd  and  yt ;  he  being  a  poore 
man  isnot  able  to  maintaine  him;  Ordered:  that  three  or  four  persons  bee  hired 
to  build  a  little  block-house  at  Amesland  for  to  put  in  the  said  madman,  and 
at  the  ne.xt  Court,  order  will  be  taken  yt ;  a  small  Levy  be  Laid  for  to  pay 
for  the  building  of  ye  house  and  the  maintaining  of  ye  said  madman  according 
to  laws  of  ye  Government. 

This  apjiears  to  have  been  the  customary  method  of  procedure, 
under  the  laws  of  the  Province,  in  the  case  of  indigent  lunatics,  who 
were  incarcerated  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court;  such  provision  was 
enforced,  however,  only  where  the  safety  of  citizens  was  imperilled, 
or,  where  the  lunatic  had  destructive  or  homicidal  impulses. 

The  opening  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  inaugurated  a  new 
epoch  in  the  treatment  of  lunatics  in  this  country,  as  it  began  by 
receiving  them  as  patients  suffering  with  mental  disease,  to  be 
subjected  to  such  treatment  as  their  cases  required,  with  a  view  to 
their  ultimate  restoration  to  reason,  instead  of  simply  confining 
them  as  malefactors. 

The  project  of  establishing  a  public  hospital  in  this  city,  the  need 
of  which  constantly  became  more  urgent,  was  considered  by  the 
Association  of  Friends  as  early  as  1709. 

At  a  monthly  meeting  of  Friends  of  Philadelphia,  held  the  25th 

of  the  ninth  month  of  that  year,  the  Records  state : 

Steps  toward  Thomas  GrifTith  is  ordered  to    pay   Edward  Shippen  to  the  value  of  Eight 

Establishing    Pounds  Sterling  when  there  is  stock  in  his  hands,  towards  defraying  the  charges 

a  Hospital,    of  negotiating  matters  in  England  in  relation  to  the  School  Charter  and  one  that 

is  endeavored  to  be  obtained  for  an    Hospital,  according  to  the  agreement  and 

concurrence  of  the  Meeting  some  time  past,  and  was  accordingly  to  send  over 


by  Isaac  Norris  to  request  of  Gov.  Penn  who  was  willing  to  grant  the  same  ; 
but  upon  advice  thought  it  proper  to  have  the  School  and  Hospital  in  one  which 
this  meeting  desires  maybe  moved  again  by  James  Logan,  who  is  now  going  over 
to  England. 

This  appears  to  have  been  the  first  effort  toward  establishing  a 
Hospital  in  this  community.  Whether  the  intention  was  to  inaugurate 
an  institution  for  the  e.xclusive  use  of  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
or  a  general  Hospital,  is,  of  course,  at  the  present  time,  unknown. 

Philadelphia  being  a  place  which  could  only  develop  in  its  early 
years  by  immigration,  it  was  necessary  to  regulate  the  reception  of 
persons  who  came  by  sea.  The  accommodations  in  the  ships  for 
passengers  were  insufficient,  and  too  often,  long  voyage?,  poor  venti- 
lation, and  improper  food  produced,  among  closely  crowded  passen- 
gers, scurvy,  malignant  fevers,  and  diseases  of  a  dangerous  type. 

In  early  Provincial  times,  a  Hospital  was  usually  considered  as  a   pest  House 
place  where  lunatics  and  other  sick  persons  were  confined,  so  that   and 
citizens  generally  might  be  protected  from  contagious  disease,  or  the   Lazaretto. 
irresponsible  acts  of  the  insane.     The  medical  care  of  paupers  and 
lunatics  was  not  deemed  of  so  much  importance  as  it  is  now.     Not 
that  the  physicians  appointed  by  the  authorities  to  serve  the  quaran- 
tine station  were  incapable  or  uns)  mpathetic,  but  the  lime  consumed 
in  journeying  to  the  Pest  House  was  so  great  that  only  physicians  of 
limited  practice,  or  those  who  had  assistants  to  do  the  work,  could 
accept  such  a  position.     Those  who  did   undertake  to   attend   the 
Pest  House,  it  appears,  occasionally  neglected  their  duties.     When 
Dr.  Thomas  Graeme  presented  a  bill  for  twenty  years'  services  at  the 
Lazaretto,    the  Assembly  rejected    the   claim,  "  owing  to  his  neglect 
of  the  service." 

The  Pest  House  on  Fisher's  Island  was  purchased  by  the  authori- 
ties February  3,  1743,  for  a  quarantine  station  for  shelter  and  isolation  Need  of  a 
of  persons  arriving  from  sea  with  epidemic  diseases,  but  not  as  a  ^^"^[''^ 
refuge  for  the  sick  of  the  province.  Even  if  it  had  possessed  proper 
accommodations,  it  was  too  remote  and  inaccessible  to  be  of  any 
practical  use  to  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia.  The  want  of  a  hospital 
located  in  the  city  soon  came  to  be  seriously  felt.  The  Almshouse 
was  simply  a  place  of  confinement.  Willing  physicians  devoted 
much  of  their  time  to  the  poor,  though  many  of  these  unfortunates  were 
necessarily  much  neglected,  owing  to  their  homes  being  located  in 
different  and  scattered  parts  of  the  city  and  suburbs,  where  they  could 
not  receive  proper  care. 

No  one  was  more  sensible  of  these  difficulties  than  Dr.  Thomas 
Bond,  a  prominent  physician  of  large  practice  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  benevolence  and  occupied  a  position  where  the 

.S 


Efforts  to 

Establish  a 

General 

Hospital. 


Franklin's 
Assistance. 


necessity  of  such  an  institution  could  be  appreciated.  His  pro- 
fession daily  brought  him  in  contact  with  the  poor  insane,  the  sick, 
and  the  injured,  so  that  he  became  impressed  with  the  idea  of 
gathering  a  number  of  these  unfortunates  under  one  roof,  where  they 
would  be  provided  with  the  care,  comfort,  and  individual  necessaries 
required.  After  vainly  endeavoring  to  obtain  subscriptions  to  carry 
out  his  purpose,  he  sought  Franklin  and  secured  his  assistance.  With 
the  aid  of  this  powerful  auxiliary,  so  influential  and  withal  so  method- 
ical in  everything  he  undertook,  and  by  their  combined  efforts,  the 
project  was  soon  ])laced  on  a  firm  basis  and  the  success  of  the 
undertaking  assured. 

Franklin  has  had  ascribed  to  him  the  honor  of  being  the 
originator  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital;  but  he  generously  sets 
this  error  at  rest,  by  a  positive  denial,  in  his  autobiography.*   He  says: 

In  1751,  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  a  particular  friend  of  mine,  conceived  the  idea  of 
establishing  a  hospital  in  Philadelphia,  (a  very  beneficent  design,  which  has  been 
ascribed  to  me,  but  was  originally  and  truly  his)  for  the  reception  and  cure  of 
poor  sick  persons,  whether  inhabitants  of  the  province  or  strangers.  He  was 
zealous  and  active  in  endeavoring  to  procure  subscriptions,  for  it ;  but  the 
proposal  being  a  novelty  in  America,  and  at  first  not  well  understood,  he  met 
with  but  little  success. 

At  length  he  came  to  me  with  the  compliment,  that  he  found  there  was  no 
such  thing  as  carrying  a  public-spirited  project  through  without  my  being  con- 
cerned in  it.  "  For,"  he  said,  "  I  am  often  asked  by  those  to  whom  I  propose 
subscribing,  '  Have  you  consulted  Franklin  on  this  business?  And  what  does  he 
think  of  it?'  And  when  I  tell  them  I  have  not,  (sup|)Osing  it  rather  out  of  your 
line)  they  do  not  subscribe,  but  say,  they  will  consider  it."  I  inquired  into  the 
nature  and  prob.able  utility  of  the  scheme,  and  receiving  a  very  satisfactory 
explanation,  I  not  only  subscribed  to  it  myself,  but  engaged  heartily  in  the 
design  of  procuring  subscriptions  from  others.  Previously,  however,  to  the 
solicitation,  I  endeavored  to  prepare  the  minds  of  the  people  by  writing  on  the 
subject  in  the  newspapers,  which  was  my  usual  custom  in  such  cases,  but.  which 
he  had  omitted 

The  subscriptions  afterwards  were  more  free  and  generous ;  but  beginning 
to  flag,  I  saw  they  would  be  insuflicient  without  some  assistance  from  the 
Assembly,  and,  therefore,  proposed  to  petition  for  it ;  which  was  done.  The 
country  members  did  not  at  first  relish  the  project ;  they  objected  that  it  could 
only  be  serviceable  to  the  city,  and,  therefore  the  citizens  alone  should  be  at 
the  expense  of  it ;  and  they  doubted  whether  the  citizens  themselves  generally 
approved  of  it.  My  allegation  to  the  contrary,  that  it  met  with  such  approbation 
as  to  leave  no  doubt  of  our  being  able  to  raise  two  thousand  pounds  by  voluntary 
donations,  they  considered  as  a  most  extravagant  supposition  and  utterly 
impossible. 

On  this  I  formed  my  plan  ;  and  asked  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  for  incorpo- 
rating the  contributors  according  to  the  prayer  of  their  petition,  and  granting 
them  a  blank  sum  of  money;  which  leave  was  obtained  chiefly  on  the  consider- 
ation that  the  House  could  throw  the  bill  out  if  they  did  not  like  it.      I  drew 


*  Btgetow's  Auiobiography  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  Philadelphia,  1868.  page  381. 

6 


it  so  as  to  make  the  important  clause  a  conditional  one,  viz.  :  "  And  be  it  enacted 

by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  when  the  said  contributors  shall  have  met  and    Franklin's 

chosen  their  Managers  and  treasurer  and  shall   have  raised  by  their   contribu-    Account  of 

tions  a  capital  stock  of  two  thousand  pounds  value,  the  yearly  interest  of  which    Founding  the 

is  to  be  applied  to  the  accommodation  of  the  sick  poor  in  the  said  hospital,  and    Hospital. 

free  of  charge  for  diet,  attendance,  advice  and  medicines,  and  shall  make  the 

same   appear  to   the   satisfaction   of  the  speaker  of  the  Assembly  for  the  time 

being ;   that  then   it   shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said   speaker,  and   he   is 

hereby  required  to  sign  an  order  on  the  provincial  treasurer,  for  the  payment 

of  two  thovisand  pounds  in  two  yearly  payments,  to   the  treasurer  of  the  said 

hospital,  to  be  applied  to  the  founding,  building  and  finishing  of  the  same." 

This  condition  carried  the  bill  through  ;  for  the  members  who  had  opposed 
the  grant,  and  nt)w  conceived  they  might  have  the  credit  of  being  charitable 
without  the  expense,  agreed  to  its  passage  ;  and  then  in  soliciting  subscriptions 
among  the  people,  we  urged  the  conditional  promise  of  the  law  as  an  additional 
motive  to  give,  since  every  man's  donation  would  be  doubled  ;  thus  the  cause 
worked  both  ways.  The  subscriptions  accordingly  soon  exceeded  the  requisite 
sum,  and  we  claimed  and  received  the  public  gift,  which  enabled  us  to  carry  the 
design  into  execution.  A  convenient  and  handsome  building  was  soon  erected, 
the  institution  has  by  constant  experience  been  found  useful,  and  flourishes  to 
this  day,  and  I  do  not  remember  any  of  my  political  mana-uvres,  the  success  of 
which  at  the  time  gave  me  more  pleasure ;  or  ivherein,  after  thinking  of  it,  I  more 
easily  excused  myself  for  having  made  some  use  of  cunning. 

After  taking  up  the  project,  Franklin  soon  became  enthusiastic 
and  was  ahvays  a  zealous  \vorker  in  behalf  of  the  Hospital.  He  was 
intrepid,  forcible,  and  logical.  His  appeals  supported  by  plain  state- 
ments of  facts  were  irresistible,  convincing  his  hearers  and  readers  of 
the  necessity  of  establishing  such  an  institution.  The  fact  of  its 
support  by  voluntary  contributions,  heretofore  considered  impossible, 
he  demonstrated  to  be  no  longer  a  matter  of  doubt.  In  his  "  Brief 
Account  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  Philadelphia,  1754,  he  makes 
the  following  statements  :  Sick  and 

About  the  end  of  the  year  1750,  some  Persons,  who  had  frequent  Opportunities  Insane  Poor 
of  observing  the  distress  of  such  distemper'd  Poor  as  from  Time  to  Time  came  to  without 
Philadelphia,  for  the  Advice  and  Assistance  of  the  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  proper  Care, 
that  City  ;  how  difficult  it  was  for  them  to  procure  suitable  Lodgings,  and  other 
conveniences  proper  for  their  respective  cases,  and  how  expensive  the  Providing 
good  and  careful  Nurses,  and  other  Attendants,  for  want  thereof,  many  must 
suffer  greatly,  and  some  probably  perish,  that  might  otherwise  have  been  restored 
to  Health  and  Comfort,  and  become  useful  to  themselves,  their  Families,  and 
the  Publick,  for  many  years  after  ;  and  considering  moreover,  that  even  the  poor 
inhabitants  of  this  city,  tho'  they  had  homes,  yet  were  therein  but  badly  accom- 
modated in  Sickness,  and  could  not  be  so  well  and  easily  taken  Care  of  in  their 
Separate  Habitations,  as  ihey  might  be  in  one  convenient  House,  under  one 
Inspection,  and  in  the  hands  of  skilful  Practitioners  ;  and  several  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  Province,  who  unhappily  became  disordered  in  their  Senses,  wandered 
about,  to  the  terrour  of  their  Neighbours,  there  being  no  place  (except  the  House 
of  Correction  or  Almshouse)  in  which  they  might  be  confined,  and  subjected  to 
proper  treatment  for  their  Recovery,  and  that  House  was  by  no  means  fitted  for 
such  Purposes  ;     did  charitably  consult  together,  and  confer  with  their  Friends 

7 


Petition 

Made  to  the 

Assembly. 


and  Acquaintances,  on  the  best  means  of  relieving  the  Distressed,  under  those 
Circumstances;  and  an  Infirmary,  or  Hospital,  in  the  manner  of  several  lately 
established  in  Great  Britain,  being  proposed,  was  so  generally  approved,  that 
there  was  reason  to  expect  a  considerable  Subscription  from  the  Inhabitants  of 
this  City,  towards  the  support  of  such  a  Hospital  ;  but  the  expense  of  erecting 
a  Building  sufficiently  large  and  commodious  for  the  purpose,  it  was  thought 
would  be  too  heavy,  unless  the  Subscription  could  be  made  general  through  the 
Province,  and  some  assistance  could  be  obtained  from  the  Assembly  ;  the  following 
petition  was  therefore  drawn,  and  presented  to  the  House  on  the  23d  of  January, 
' 750-5' : 

To  the  honourable  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  Profiiue  of  Pennsylvania, 
Tlie  Petition  of  sundry  Inliabitants  of  the  said  Province, 
Humbly  showeth, 

THAT  with  the  Numbers  of  People,  the  number  of  Lunaticks  or  Persons  dis- 
tempered in  Mind  and  deprived  of  their  rational  Faculties,  hath  greatly  encreased 
in  this  Province. 

That  some  of  them  going  at  large  are  a  Terror  to  their  Neighbours,  who  are 
daily  apprehensive  of  the  Violences  they  may  commit ;  .And  others  are  continually 
wasting  their  Substance,  to  the  great  Injury  of  themselves  and  Families,  ill  dis- 
posed Persons  wickedl.v  taking  Advantage  of  their  unhappy  Condition,  and  draw- 
ing them  into  unreasonable  Bargains,  &c. 

That  few  or  none  of  them  are  so  sensible  of  their  Condition,  as  to  submit 
voluntarily  to  the  Treatment  their  respective  Cases  require,  and  therefore  continue 
in  the  same  deplorable  State  during  their  Lives  ;  whereas  it  has  been  found, 
by  the  E.vperience  of  many  Years,  that  above  two  Thirds  of  the  Mad  People 
received  into  Bethlehem  Hospital,  and  there  treated  properly,  have  been  perfectly 
cured. 

Your  Petitioners  beg  Leave  farther  to  represent,  that  tho'  the  good  Laws  of 
this  Province  have  made  many  compassionate  and  charitable  Provisions  for  the 
Relief  of  the  Poor,  yet  something  farther  seems  wanting  in  Favour  of  such,  whose 
Poverty  is  made  more  miserable  by  the  additional  Weight  of  a  grievous  Disease, 
from  which  they  might  easily  he  relieved,  if  they  were  not  situated  at  too  great  a 
Distance  from  regular  .Advice  and  Assistance  ;  whereby  many  languish  out  their 
Lives,  tortur'd  perhaps  with  the  Stone,  devour'd  by  the  Cancer,  deprived  of 
Sight  by  Cataracts,  or  gradually  decaying  by  loathsome  Distempers  ;  who,  if  the 
Expense  in  the  present  manner  of  Nursing  and  Attending  them  separately  when 
they  come  to  Town  were  not  so  discouraging,  might  again,  by  the  judicious 
Assistance  of  Physic  and  Surgery,  be  enabled  to  taste  the  Blessings  of  Health, 
and  be  made  in  a  few  Weeks,  useful  Members  of  the  Community,  able  to  provide 
for  themsels'es  and  Families. 

The  kind  Care  our  Assemblies  have  heretofore  taken  for  the  Relief  of  sick 
and  distempered  Strangers,  by  providing  a  Place  for  their  Reception  and  .Accom- 
modation, leaves  us  no  Room  to  doubt  their  showing  an  equal  tender  Concern  for 
the  Inhabitants.  And  we  hope  they  will  be  of  Opinion  with  us.  that  a  small  Pro- 
vinical  Hospital,  erected  and  put  under  proper  Regulations,  in  the  Care  of  Persons 
to  be  appointed  by  this  House,  or  otherwise,  as  they  shall  think  meet,  with  Power 
to  receive  and  apply  the  charitable  Benefactions  of  good  People  towards  enlarging 
and  supporting  the  same,  and  some  other  Provisions  in  a  Law  for  the  Purposes 
above  mentioned,  will  be  a  good  Work,  acceptable  to  God  and  to  all  the  good 
People  they  represent. 


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ORIGINAL  PETITION  FOR  THE  ESTABLISHMENT 

OF  THE 

PF:\'N?;Yr.VA\MA  HOSPITAL. 


We  therefore  humbly  recommend  the  Premises  to  their  serious  consideration. 


A.  Morris,  Jan. 
Jona.  Evans. 
Joseph  Shijjpen. 
John  Inghs. 
John  Mifflin. 
Geo.  Spotford. 
John  Reynell. 
Chas.  Norris. 
William  Griffitts. 


Reese  Meredith. 
Jos.  Richard.son. 
Jos.  Sims. 
Edward  Cathrall. 
Samuel  Smith. 
S.  Shoemaker. 
Saml.  Hazard. 
Saml.  Sansom. 


Amos  Strettell. 
John  Armitt. 
Jos'h  Fisher. 
Nath'l.  Allen. 
Wm.  Plumsted. 
Luke  Morris. 
Stephen  Armitt. 
Samuel  Rhoads. 


Wm.  Coleman. 
Wm.  Atwood. 
Anth  Morris. 
Thos.  Graeme. 
Will.  Branson. 
Israel  Pemberton. 
Joshua  Crosby. 
Will.  Allen. 


This  interesting  document  was  in  the  handwriting  of  Franklin, 
though  not  signed  by  him,  probably  from  the  fact  that  he  was  before 
the  people  as  a  candidate  for  public  ofifice  (being  soon  after  elected  to 
represent  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  Provincial  Assembly).  The 
wording  of  this  petition  is  at  once  forcible  and  significant,  not  merely 
advocating  the  needs  of  the  sick  and  injured,  but  the  insane  are 
referred  to  first,  as  if  constituting  the  most  important  subject  for 
legislation,  and  in  a  manner  truly  humane  and  highly  enlightened. 
The  views  expressed  on  behalf  of  this  afflicted  class  were  far  in 
advance  of  the  times,  and  this  document  remains  an  imperishable 
monument  to  the  honor,  intelligence,  and  jihilanthropy  of  the  origi- 
nators and  promoters  of  this  charity.     Referring  to  this,  Franklin  says  : 

On  the  second  reading  of  the  Petition,  January  29,  1751,  the  House  gave 
leave  to  the  Petitioners  to  bring  in  a  Bill,  which  was  read  the  First  Time  on  the 
first  of  February.  For  some  time  it  was  doubtful  whether  the  Bill  would  not 
miscarry,  many  of  the  Jlembers  not  readily  conceiving  the  Necessitj'  or  Usefulness 
of  the  design  :  and  apprehending  moreover,  that  the  Expense  of  paj'ing  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  would  eat  up  the  whole  of  any  Fund  that  could  be  reasonably 
e.xpected  to  be  raised  ;  but  three  members  of  the  Medical  Profession,  viz.  :  Doctors 
Lloyd  Zachary,  Thomas  Bond,  and  Phineas  Bond,  generously  offering  to  attend 
the  Hospital  gratis  for  three  years,  and  the  other  Objections  being  by  degrees  got 
over,  the  Bill,  on  the  seventh  of  the  same  Month,  passed  the  House,  jVcmiite  Coii- 
tfadicente,  and  on  the  nth  of  May  following,  it  received  the  Governor's  approval. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  original  : 

Charter   of   the  Pennsvlvani.\  Hospital 
Anno  Regni  Georgii  II.  Regis,  Magnre  Brittaniie,  Francis  & 
HiberniK,  Vigesimo  Quarto. 
At  a  General  Assembly  of  the   Province  of  Pennsylvania,  begun 
and  holden  at  Philadelphia,  the  Fourteenth  day  of  October,  Anno 
Domini,  1750,  in  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  the  Reign  of  our  Sovereign 
Lord    George  II.  by  the  Grace  of   God,  of  Great  Britain,  France  & 
Ireland,  King,   Defender  of  the  Faith,  etc.     And  from  thence  con- 
tinued by  .\djournments  to  the  Sixth  Day  of  May,  1751. 


Petition 
presented  to 
the  .\ssembly. 


Petition  read 
a  second  time 
and  favorably 
considered. 


Charter 
granted  by 
the  Asseml)ly 
Establishing 
the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hos- 
pital. 


Government 
vested  in  Cor- 
poration of 
Contributors. 


Managers 
and  Treas- 
urer to  be 
annually 
chosen. 


An  ACT  to  encourage  the  establisliing  of  an  Hospital  for  the  Relief 
of  the  Sick  Poor  of  this  Province,  and  for  the  Reception  and  Cure  of 
l.iinaticks. 

WHERK.AS  tlte  saving  and  restoring  useful  and  laburious  Members  to  a 
Community  is  a  Work  of  publitk  Service,  and  the  Relief  of  the  Sick  Poor 
is  notonlyan  Act  of  Humanity,  but  a  religious  Duty:  AND  WHERKAS  there  are 
frequently  in  many  Parts  of  this  Province  poor  distempered  Persons,  who  languish 
long  in  Pain  and  Misery,  under  various  Disorders  of  Body  and  Mind,  and  being 
scattered  abroad  in  different  and  very  distant  Habitations,  cannot  have  the  Benefit 
of  regular  Advice,  Attendance,  Lodging,  Diet  and  Medicines,  but  at  a  great  Expense 
and  therefore  often  suffer  for  Want  thereof;  which  Inconveniency  might  be  happily 
reTUOved  by  collecting  the  Patients  into  one  common  provincial  Hospital,  properly 
disposed  and  appointed,  where  they  may  be  comfortably  subsisted,  and  their 
Health  taken  Care  of  at  a  small  Charge,  and  whereby  the  Blessing  of  God  on  the 
Endeavours  of  skilful  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  their  Diseases  may  be  cured  and 
removed.  AND  WIIERE.^S  it  is  represented  to  this  Assembly,  that  there  is  a 
charitable  Disposition  in  divers  Inhabitants  of  this  Province  to  contribute  largely 
towards  so  good  a  Work,  if  such  Contributors  might  be  incorporated  with  proper 
Powers  and  Privileges  for  carrying  on  and  compleating  the  same,  and  some  part  of 
the  publick  Money  given  and  ajjpropriated  to  the  providing  a  suitalile  Building 
for  the  Purposes  aforesaid. 

THEREFORE,  for  the  Encouragement  of  so  useful,  pious,  and  charitable  a 
Design,  we  pray  that  it  may  be  enacted,  and  be  it  enacted  by  the  Honourable 
James  Hamilton,  Esq.;  Lieutenant-Governor  under  the  Honourable  Thomas 
Penn,  and  Richard  Penn,  Esquires,  true  and  absolute  Proprietaries  of  the 
Province  of  P,>insylvaitia,  and  Counlics  of  Xitv  Castle,  A'liil,  and  Sussex,  \i\mn 
Ddlaware,  by  and  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of  the  Representatives  of  the 
Freemen  of  the  said  Province,  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  by  the  Authority 
of  the  same.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  to  and  for  all  Persons,  each  of  whom 
shall  have  contributed  or  subscribed  the  Sum  of  Ten  Pounds  or  more,  towards 
founding  and  establishing  an  Hospital,  for  the  Reception  and  Relief  of  Lunaticks: 
and  other  distemper'd  and  sick  Poor  within  this  Province,  or  as  niany  of  them  as 
shall  think  fit,  to  assemble  and  meet  on  the  first  Day  of  the  Month  called  July 
next ;  and  for  all  Persons,  who  shall  thereafter  contribute  the  like  Sum  of  Tin 
Pounds  or  more  (together  with  the  said  first  Subscribers)  or  so  many  of  them  as 
shall  think  fit,  to  assemble  and  meet  on  the  second  Day  of  the  first  Week  in  the 
Month  called  May,  yearly  for  ever,  at  some  convenient  place  in  the  City  of 
I'nihidclphia,  then  and  there  to  elect  by  Ballot,  twelve  fit  and  suitable  Persons,  of 
their  own  Number,  to  be  Managers  of  the  said  Contribution  and  Hospital,  and 
one  other  Person  to  be  Treasurer  of  the  same  until  the  next  Election  ;  and  farther, 
to  make  such  Laws,  Rules  and  Orders,  as  shall  appear  to  them  the  said  Con- 
tributors met,  or  the  major  Part  of  them,  to  be  good,  useful  and  necessary,  for  the 
well  governing,  ordering  and  regulating  the  said  Hospital,  and  for  the  Regulation 
of  the  future  Elections  of  Managers,  Treasurer,  and  other  necessary  Officers  and 
Ministers  thereof,  and  for  limiting  and  a|)pointing  their  Number,  Trust  and 
.Authority;  and  generally  for  the  well-ordering  all  other  Things  concerning  the 
Government,  Estate,  Goods,  Lands,  Revenues,  as  also  all  the  Businc-ss  and  Aflairs 
of  the  said  Hospital  :  All  which  Laws,  Rules  and  Orders  so  to  be  made  as 
aforesaid,  shall  be  from  Time  to  Time  inviolably  observed  by  all  concerned, 
according  to  the  Tenor  and  F^ffect  of  them,  provided  they  be  not  repugnant  to  the 
Laws  of  £'«^/aHrf,  or  this  Government,  and  are  approved  by  the  Chief  Justice, 
the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  and  the  Attorney  General  of  this  Province  for  the 


Time  being,  under  their  Hands  and  Seals.     And  the  said  Contributors  sliall  be,  and 

are  hereby  made  a  Body  corporate  in  Law,  to  all  Intents  and  Purposes,  and  shall    Contributors 

have  perpetual  Succession,  and  may  sue,  or  be  sued,  plead,  or  be  impleaded,  by    made  a 

the  Name  of  The  Conlrilnitors  to  the  Pennsylvania   Hospital,  in  all  Courts  of   Corporation. 

Judicature  within  this  Province;  and  by  that  Name  shall  and  may  receive  and  take 

any  Lands,  Tenements  or  Hereditaments,  not  e.xceeding  the  yearly  Value  of  One    Limitation  of 

Thousand  Pounds,    of  the   Gift,  Alienation,  Bequest,  or  Devise  of  any  Person  or    their  Estate. 

Persons  whomsoever  ;  and  of  any  Goods  or  Chattels  whatsoever  ;    and  the  said 

Contributors  are  hereby  impowered  to  have  and  use  one  common  Seal  in  their 

Affairs, and  the  same  at  their   Pleasure  to  change  and  alter. 

PRO\'IDED   nevertheless,  That   no   General   Meeting  of  the  said  Contribu-    Capital  Stock 
tors,  nor  any  Persons  acting  under  them,  shall  employ  any  Money,  or  other  Estate,     not  to  be 
e.xpressly  given  or  added  to  the  capital  Stock  of  the  said    Hospital,  in  any  other    E.vpended. 
Way,  than  by  applying  its  annual  Interest   or   Rent,  towards   the   Entertainment 
and  Care  of  the  sick  and  distempered   Poor,  that  shall   be   from   Time   to   Time 
brought  and  placed  therein,  for  the  Cure  of  their  Diseases,  from  any  Part  of  this 
Province,  without  Partiality  or  Preference. 

AND    for    the    farther    Encouragement     of  this    beneficent    Undertaking, 
BE  IT  ENACTED  by  the  Authority  aforesaid.  That  when  the  said  Contributors 
shall  have  met  and  chosen  their  Managers  and  Treasurer  as  aforesaid,  and  shall    Two  thou- 
have  raised  by  their  Contributions,    a  capital   stock  of    Tuo    Thousand  Pounds    sand  pounds 
Value  I  the  yearly  Interest  or  Rent  of  which  is  to  be  applied  to  the  accommodating    conditionally 
of  the  sick  Poor  in  the  said  Hospital,  free  of  Charge  for  Diet,  Attendance,  Advice  and    given. 
Medicines)  and  shall  make  the  same  appear  to  the  Satisfaction  of  the  Speaker  of 
the  Assembly  for  the  Time  being  ;  that  then  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  and  he  is  hereby  required,  to  sign  an  Order  or  Orders 
on  the  Provincial  Treasurer,  or  Trustees  of  tlie   Loan-Office,  for   the  Payment  of 
Tivo  Thousand  Pounds,    in   two   yearly  Payments,  to   the  Treasurer  of  the  said 
Hospital,  to  be  applied  to  the  Founding,  Building  and  Furnishing  of  the  same. 

AND  BE  IT  FURTHER  ENACTED,  by  the  Authority  aforesaid,  That  Accounts  to 
the  Accounts  of  the  Disbursement  of  the  said  Two  Thousand  Pounds,  so  be  published, 
ordered  by  the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  aforesaid,  or  any  Part  thereof  that  shall 
be  hereafter  expended,  as  the  Case  may  be,  and  of  the  Rents,  Products  and 
Interests  of  any  real  or  personal  Estates  or  Sums  of  Money  charitably  given  to  the 
Use  of  the  said  Hospital,  together  with  a  List  of  such  Donations,  shall  be  fairly 
drawn  out  and  published  annually  in  the  Gazette,  or  other  News-Papers  :  And 
the  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital,  shall  at  all  Times,  when  required,  submit  the 
Books,  Accounts,  Affairs  and  CEconomy  thereof,  to  the  Inspection  and  free 
Examination  of  such  Visitors  as  may  from  Time  to  Time  be  appointed  by  the 
Assembly  of  this  Province,  to  visit  and  inspect  the  same. 

PROVIDED   ALWAYS,  and   it   is   hereby  further  enacted  by  the  Authority    i,,  failure  of  a 

aforesaid.  That  if  at  any  Time  hereafter,  there  should  not  be  a  constant  Succes-    succession   of 

sion  of  Contributors  to  meet  yearly  and  chuse  Managers  as   aforesaid,   then  the    Contributors. 

said  Hospital,  and  the  Estate  and  Affairs  thereof,  shall   be   in   the   Management, 

and  under  the  Direction  of  such  Persons  as  sliall  be  from  Time  to  Time  appointed 

bv  Act  of  General  Assembly  of  this  Province  for  that  Purpose. 

Signed  by  the  order  of  the  House. 

Is.\AC  NOKRis,  Speaker. 

Approved  by  the  Governor  eleventh  day  of  !May,  1751. 

The  strenuous  efforts  made  for  the  establishment  of  the   Hospital 
had  not  been  in  vain.     Its  iiromoters  in  the  meanwhile  had  not  been 


//:.  ^y^^y'y      -i'v/'./J^ .4?,.^^  .V/^"^,  ■//?„„... 

^     'ret' ^.A^y^y^yj^         ■  *  •^/yAr<-^^'''f^i^,<'         (j'y.^.i/^ii'^ 

^^^^ri      U^yt"-^  y."yty»'.^^^'^'  -^^^ .  ^y7r^, 

^'^iyyy/K-„;.p  J/c'?^/^,y..^p7'.   ''<9f^*„,/:^.^,y 


/■j'yy 


This  illustration  is  a  photographic  reproduction  of  the  first  page  of  the  niitnite-book  conlaiotng 
report  of  the  first  Contributors'  meeting  and  election  o!  Managets.     It  is  in  Franklin's  handwriting. 


idle ;  a  subscription  list  was  set  on  foot  which  in  a  short  time 
amounted  to  over  ;^2  75o,  a  sum  much  in  excess  of  the  figure  required 
by  the  law  to  obtain  the  ^2000  from  ihe  Provincial  Treasurer  or 
Trustees  of  the  Loan  Office. 

On  July  2d,  the  Managers  met  at  the  Widow  Pratt's  Royal  Selection 
Standard  Tavern.  After  some  Discussion  on  the  Choice  of  a  Piece  of  a  Site, 
of  Ground  on  which  to  erect  the  Hospital,  they  adjourned  and  went  in  a 
body  to  view  several  places  near  "  the  Town  "  '  which  were  thought 
suitable  for  a  location.  They  eventually  agreed  upon  one  particular  lot 
belonging  to  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  the  Proprietaries,  on  the 
South  side  of  Mulberry  (now  .'Vrch)  Street,  from  Ninth  to  Tenth  Streets, 
and  e.xtending  360  feet  in  depth  southward  from  Mulberry  Street. 

The  Managers  again  met  on  July  6th,  when  it  was  "voted 
ticminc  coiitradicente,  that  Joshua  Crosby  be  the  President  of  this 
Board  until  the  next  election,  and  that  Benjamin  Franklin  officiate  as 
Clerk  until  another  shall  be  appointed." 

This  particular  piece  of  ground  having  been  selected,  the  Man-   Favorable 
agers  drafted  the  following  address,  and  forwarded  it  to  Thomas  Hyam   location 
and  Sylvanus  Bevan,  their  agents  at  London,  to  be  by  them  presented 
to  the  Proprietaries.     What  was  done  in  this  matter,  and  the  answers 
the  Managers  received,  and  the  other  documents  relating  to  the  same, 
it  is  believed  are  of  sufficient  interest  to  be  here  placed  on  record. 

The  Managers  before  appealing  to  the  Proprietaries  in  England,    Appeal  to 

sought  to  enlist  the  interest  of  Lieut.  Gov.  Hamilton,  who  at  that    ,^^^\^°^ 
°  .  Hanulton. 

time  represented  the  Penns.  It  will  be  seen  by  the  following  corres- 
pondence that  in  this  they  were  less  successful  than  in  other  directions. 
The  following  is  a  confidential  letter  sent  by  Governor  Hamilton-  to 
Thomas  Penn,  in  England  : 

PHIL.\DELPHI..i,  July  5,   1751. 

Hon'd  Sir:  I  had  the  honour  to  write  You  a  few  days  agoe  by  Captain  Styles  Letter  from 
and  as  every  thing  remains  in  the  same  situation  as  was  therein  mentioned,  I  have  Governor  to 
nothing  new  to  add  at  present.  Proprietors. 

We  have  heard  by  the  publick  Papers  of  the  unfortunate  Accident  that  befell 
You,  in  your  journey  to  Bath,  and  should  have  been  kept  in  a  very  cruel  suspence 
with  respect  to  the  consequence,  But  that  Mr.  Paris  was  so  kind  as  to  inform  me 
by  way  of  Boston,  of  your  being  out  of  all  danger  from  the  Wound  so  that  we 
were  at  the  same  time  made  acquainted,  with  the  Peril  you  had  been  in,  &  your 
happy  recovery  from  it.  Upon  which,  I  begg  leave  most  sincerely  to  congratulate 
You,  and  hope  you  do  me  the  Justice  to  believe,  that,  no  man  more  heartily 
rejoices  at  your  escape  from  so  imminent  a  Disaster. 

^  By  the  Charter  of  October  25,  1 701.  the   City  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  "The 
Mayor  and  Commonality  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,"  previous  to  this  it  had  been  called  a  "  town." 
^James  Hamilton,  son  of  Andrew  Hamilton,  was  appointed  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1741.     He  was  the  first  native  Governor.     In  1754  he  resigned  his  commission,  but  in  1759, 
when  in  England,  he  again  accepted  the  same  office,  which  in  1763.  he  yielded  to  John  Penn. 

13 


Young  Mr.  Pemberton  and  Others  of  ihu  MaiiaKers  of  the  Inltiided  Hospital, 
(of  whicli  I  gave  yon  some  Account  in  my  last, )  waited  upon  me  this  MorninK,  and 
acquainted  me,  they  were  about  to  address  You  for  a  Benefaction  to  it,  which  they 
were  desiring  should  be,  of  a  piece  of  Ground,  to  erect  their  Building  upon  ;  and 
desired  me  to  back  their  request. — I  told  them  plainly  I  should  not  concern  myself 
in  any  Application  of  that  kind  ;  neither  did  I  believe  you  would  grant  it  in  the 
way  they  <lesired,  but  that,  if  you  chose  to  make  them  a  present,  it  would  be  of  a 
sum  of  Money,  in  like  manner  as  others  had  done.  They  nevertheless  persist  in 
making  the  application,  and  will  put  it  into  the  hands  of  some  of  the  principal 
Friends  at  London,  who  are  to  sollicit  it  with  You. — You  will  please  to  be  informed 
that,  the  Project  of  this  Hospital  took  its  rise  principally  among  Friends,  who  as 
they  say,  are  desirous  of  shewing  the  World,  that,  where,  they  are  not  restrained 
by  principle,  they  can  be  as  liberal  as  others  ;  and  indeed  many  of  them  have 
subscribed  very  largely  ;  several  of  them  One  hundred  pounds  a-picce.  I  should 
likewise  Observe  that,  the  design,  is  in  general  well  thought  of,  and  if  rightly 
conducted  will  undoubtedly  be  of  service  in  many  Respects.  I  thought  it  my 
duty  to  apprise  You  as  early  as  possible  of  the  intended  Application,  previous  to 
its  being  made,  that  you  may  have  time  to  consider  Mc  resolve  on  what  is  proper 
for  you  to  do  on  the  Occasion  ;  since  I  doubt  not.  but  the  Gentlemen  who  are  to 
sollicit  you  in  their  behalf,  will  be  very  importunate. 
I  am  with  all  possible  Regard,  Sir, 

Your  Most  Obliged  &  Most  humble  Serv't. 

J.XMES   Hamimon. 
The  hon'hle  Thomas  Pcnn,  Esq. 

The  following  extract  from  another  letter  is  of  similar  tenor  : 

Anotherletter  Philadelphia,  June  19th,  .752. 

from  Gov  Honored   Sir. — The  Managers  of  the  Hospital,  hearing  from  their  .Agents  in 

Hamilton  to  London,  that  I  had  received  your  Orders  to  grant  them  a  piece  of  Land  to  build 
Proorietors  °"  •  ^''^-  Crosby  and  Mr.  Charles  Norris,  in  their  behalf,  waited  on  me,  and 
requested  to  know  the  particulars,  with  which  I  immediately  acquainted  them, 
by  reading  Your  instructions  to  me  upon  that  head.  They  then  asked,  whether, 
as  their  memories  might  not  be  able  to  retain  the  whole  contents,  I  would  favor 
them  with  a  copy  of  the  Instrument?  to  which  I  agreed,  and  ordered  one  to  be 
made  out  and  deliver'd  to  them,  at  the  same  time  letting  them  know,  I  should 
expect  their  answer,  to  be  sent  to  you  by  the  first  opportunity.— Some  time  after 
Mr.  Crosby  and  another  Gentleman  came  to  me  again  and  acquainted  me,  that 
the  Managers  &c  had  held  several  Meetings  on  the  subject,  but  had  not  then 
come  to  any  determination,  whether  they  could  accept  of  your  donation  upon  the 
proposed  Terms  :  particularly  they  could  not  engage  that  the  Assembly  would 
repeal  the  Acts.  But  that,  when  they  shovild  come  to  a  final  resolution  thereupon, 
they  would  direct  their  Agents  in  England  to  wait  on  You  and  acquaint  You  with 
it.  I  easily  perceived  this  was  a  piece  of  evasion  to  conceal  their  intentions  from 
me,  but  I  let  it  pass  without  taking  any  notice  of  it.— I  think  it  however  my  Duty, 
as  they  are  asking  so  considerable  a  Gift  from  You,  to  make  You  acquainted  with 
my  sentiments  of  this  affair,  after  which,  You  will  be  pleased  to  do  therein,  as 
You  shall  think  right.— It  is  my  opinion  then,  that  these  people  mean  nothing  less, 
than  accepting  of  your  Donation  upon  the  Conditions  offered  them  ;  but  are 
desirous  to  delay  giving  a  positive  answer  to  your  proposal  till  they  are  informed 
that  the  Act  of  Assembly  has  received  the  Royal  assent,  to  which,  some  of  the 
Chiefs  of  them  are  apprehensive  You  will  put  a  stop,  and  being  once  secure  in 
that  point,  they  will  in  the  ne.\t  place,  by  many  smooth  Words  and  Compliments 
to  You,  and  encomiums  on  Your  Ancestors,  endeavour  to  prevail  on  You  to  grant 

14 


them  the  Land  free  from  the  condition  ol  reversion  &c.  which  is  an  Objection  to 
it,  a  very  leading  man  among  them  made  to  me  ;  And  when  they  have  obtained 
all  they  have  to  expect  from  you ;  I  am  persuaded  they  will  think  a  very  small 
share  either  of  the  Honour  or  of  the  direction  ought  to  be  lodged  with  You,  or 
with  any  in  Authority  under  You. 

I  would  not  for  any  consideration  have  said  thus  much,  had  it  not  been  my 
real  Opinion.  But  there  is  a  possibility  of  my  being  mistaken,  or  of  my  having 
judged  too  uncharitably  of  these  Gentlemen  ;  I  would  desire  that  nothing  of  what 
is  above  said  may  transpire,  so  as  to  reach  them,  as  it  would  be  to  do  me  a  very 
great  prejudice  without  answering  any  good  purpose  that  I  know  of;  and  a  little 
time  will  satisfy  You,  whether  or  no  my  surmises  are  well  founded. 

As  for  myself,  I  have  not  contributed  any  thing  to  the  Hospital,  as  it  appears 
clear  to  me.  One  particular  Society,  by  making  it  a  point  with  their  people  to 
subscribe  small  sums,  will  have  the  entire  management  of  it,  and  are  desirous, 
by  the  contributions  of  others,  to  build  a  reputation  to  themselves  without  ever 
having  done  any  thing  of  this  kind  in  conjunction  with  people  of  other  persuasions. 
That,  however,  shall  not  be  an  Objection  sufficient  to  prevent  my  subscribing  to 
so  useful  a  design,  if  upon  further  experience,  I  find  things  are  fairly  and 
impartially  conducted,  and  the  necessities  of  the  Province  call  for  such  an 
Establishment,  which  I  believe  upon  Tryal  are  found  to  be  much  less  than  was 
e.xpected. 

These  letters  were  found  in  a  package  of  old  papers  relating  to 
the  Hospital,  which  had  probably  been  brought  over,  among  other 
correspondence  referring  to  this  matter,  by  Thomas  Penn,  Esq.,  and 
being  left  here  by  him,  were  afterwards  given  to  the  Managers  as 
possibly  being  the  most  interested  in  them.  It  is  not  to  be  supposed 
that  Gov.  Hamilton  could  have  ever  contemplated  the  possibility  of 
these  letters  ultimately  finding  their  way  into  the  archives  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

To    THE    HOXOUUABLE    ThOMAS    PeNN   AND    RiCHARD    PENN,   ESQRS.,  PrOPKIE- 
TORS    OF    THE    PROVINCE    OF    PEXSILVAXI A,    &C. 

May  it  please  the  Propi'ietors — 

It  hath  been  long  observed,  that  this  your  Province,  remarkable  for  the  Good- 
ness of  its  Constitution,  Laws  and  Government,  and  many  other  .Advantages,  is 
yet  deficient  of  a  common  Hospital  or  Infirmary  for  the  Relief  of  such  Poor  as 
are  afflicted  with  curable  Diseases. 

Your  good  People  here,  to  supply  this  Defect,  and  out  of  a  tender  charitable 
Regard  to  their  Fellow-Creatures,  have  voluntarily  subscribed  and  are  still  Sub- 
scribing large  Sums  towards  a  Stock  for  the  Support  of  such  an  Hospital  and 
the  General  .Assembly,  being  petitioned  by  a  Number  of  the  Inhabitants  of  all 
Ranks  and  Denominations,  have  passed  an  Act  to  Encourage  the  same,  and 
granted  Two  thousand  pounds  for  the  Founding,  Building  &  Furnishing  thereof. 

In  Pursuance  of  that  Act,  we  the  Subscribers  were  on  the  first  of  this 
Instant  chosen  by  the  Contributors  to  be  managers  of  'he  said  Hospital,  and 
think  it  our  Duty  to  take  this  first  Opportunity  of  laying  the  Affair  before  our 
Proprietors,  in  humble  Confidence  that  so  good  &  Pious  an  Undertaking  will  not 
fail  of  their  Approbation.  Hopeing  withal  from  the  accustomed  Bounty  of  the 
Proprietary  Family,  in  encouraging  former  Designs  of  Publick  Utility  to  the 
People  of  their  Province,  the  present  will  also  receive  their  kind  Assistance;  and 


The  Address 
of  the  Mana- 
gers to  the 
Proprietors. 


IS 


as  Private  Persons  raise  a  Stock  to  Support  the  Hospital  and  the  Assembly  build 
the  House  so  (that  all  concerned  in  the  Province  may  share  in  tlie  Honour,  Merit 
and  Pleasure  of  promotinK  so  good  a  Work)  the  Proprietors  will  be  pleased  to 
favour  us  with  the  Grant  of  a  I'iec.-  of  ground  for  the  Buildings,  .S;  their  neces- 
sary" Accommodations, 

If  any  thing  should  occur  to  the  Proprietaries  that  they  may  think  of  Service 
with  respect  to  the  management  or  Rules  of  the  Hospital  we  should  be  obliged  to 
them  for  their  Sentiments,  being  desirous  that  what  falls  within  uur  Duty,  may 
be  done  to  the  greatest  advantage  for  the  Publick. 

I'liiLADtLi'iilA,  July  6,  1751. 

Application  was  also  made,  by  the  following  letter,  to  Messrs. 
Hyam  and  Bevan,  in  London,  requesting  their  friendship  in 
delivering  the  preceding  address  of  the  Managers  to  the  Proprietaries, 
informing  them  of  the  establishment  of  a  Hospital  in  their  Province 
and  also  soliciting  a  Piece  of  (Jroiind  for  the  Buildings  and  their 
necessary  accommodations. 

Correspond-  Phila.^ici.imma,  July  6,  I75>. 

ence  with    Baleenied friends,  Thomas  Hyam,  and  Silvanus  Bevan. 
regard  to  site  The  Opinion  we   have  of  your  Beneficent  Principles  induces  us  to  make  this 

of  Hospital.  Application  to  you,  and  we  hope  the  Opportunity  of  exerting  your  Tenderness  to 
the  Afflicted  and  distressed  will  be  so  acceptable  as  to  render  any  Apology 
unnecessary  for  our  Freedom  in  requesting  your  Friendship  in  delivering  and 
Solliciting  the  address  we  herewith  send  to  our  Proprietors,  Thomas  and 
Richard   Penn. 

The  Circumstances  of  this  Province  have,  in  a  few  Years  past  been  much 
altered,  by  the  Addition  of  a  great  Number  of  Persons  who  arrive  here  from 
several  parts  of  Europe,  many  of  whom  are  poor  and  settle  in  Remote  parts  of 
the  Country,  where  suitable  provision  caimot  be  made  for  their  Relief  from  the 
Various  Disorders  of  Body  and  Mind  some  of  them  labour  under,  the  consider- 
ation of  which  hath  lately  raised  in  many  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  City  a 
benevolent  Concern  and  engaged  them  to  apply  for  the  Assistance  of  tlie  Legis- 
lature by  whom  a  Law  is  passed  and  some  Provision  made  out  of  the  Provincial 
Treasury  for  the  erecting  a  Publick  Hospitaler  Infirmary  under  the  Direction  of  a 
Corporation  by  whom  we  have  lately  been  Elected  the  managers.  But  as  the 
Publick  Funds  are  not  sufficient  to  answer  the  expense  of  endowing  it,  a  Charitable 
subscription  for  that  Purpose  hath  been  proposed  and  begun  with  good  Success. 
The  Necessity  and  Advantages  of  this  Institution  are  so  Apparent  that  Persons  of 
all  Ranks  unite  very  heartily  in  promoting  it  and  as  Several  of  our  most  Eminent 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  have  freely  offered  their  Service  for  some  years  We  have 
Good  grounds  to  expect  that  this  Undertaking  may  be  of  General  Service  much 
sooner  than  was  at  first  expected  and  that  our  Legislature  will  soon  make  a 
further  provision  for  the  Building  which  we  apprehend  it  will  be  prudent  to 
contrive  and  erect  in  such  manner  as  to  Admit  of  such  Additions  as  the  Future 
State  of  the  Province  may  require.  The  Principal  Difficulty  we  now  labour  under 
is  the  want  of  a  commodious  Lott  of  Ground  in  a  healthy  Situation  fur  (tho'  we 
havesogreat  encouragement  as  we  have  mentioned)  yet  we  cannot  flatter  ourselves 
with  Speedily  raising  a  Sum  Sufficient  to  enable  us  to  provide  for  all  other 
necessary  charges  and  to  purchase  a  Suitable  piece  of  Ground  so  near  the  built 
part  of  the  City  as  the  constant  attendance  of  the  Physicians  and  other  consider- 
ations will  necessarily  require.     We  therefore  are  under  the  Necessity  of  laying 


16 


tile  Slate  of  our  Case  before  our  Proprietors,  and  we  hope  the  same  Motives 
whicl)  have  induced  Others  will  have  due  Weight  with  them  to  promote  this  Good 
Work,  and  that  they  will  generously  direct  a  Piece  of  Ground  to  be  allotted  for 
this  Service. 

There  are  several  Lotts  in  different  Parts  of  this  City  very  suitable  but  from 
their  Situation  etc.,  are  of  great  Value  for  other  Purposes  we  have  therefore 
thought  of  one  which  is  in  a  part  of  the  Town  quite  unimproved  and  where  in  all 
Probability  there  will  he  the  Conveniency  of  an  Open  Air  for  many  years,  it  is  the 
vacant  part  of  the  Square  between  the  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets  from  Delaware  on 
the  South  side  of  Mulberry  Street,  and  is  396  feet  East  and  West,  and  360  feet  North 
and  South.  The  Lotts  in  this  part  of  the  City  have  not  advanced  in  Value  for 
several  Years  Past,  and  are  not  likely  to  be  soon  settled  so  that  we  are  in  hopes 
if  you  will  favor  us  with  your  Application  for  this  Piece  of  ground  you  will  meet 
with  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  it. 

The  Interest  of  the  Proprietors  and  People  are  so  nearly  connected  that  it 
seems  to  us  Self-evident  that  they  mutually  share  in  whatever  contributes  to  the 
Prosperity  and  Advantage  of  the  Province  which  consideration  added  to  the 
satisfaction  arising  from  Acts  of  Charity  and  Benevolence  will  we  hope  have  so 
much  Weight  with  them,  as  to  render  any  other  Argument  Superfluous,  but  as  your 
own  prudence  will  suggest  to  you  the  most  Effectual  Method  of  soUiciting  this 
Address  successfully  we  rely  thereon  so  much  as  to  think  it  unnecessary  to  add 
any  thing  more  on  this  Occasion  than  that  your  Friendship  therein  will  be  e.\ceed- 
ingly  gratefull  to  Us  and  our  Fellow  Citizens  in  general,  and  next  to  obtaining  the 
Lott  We  Ask  for  the  most  agreeable  Service  you  can  do  us,  is  to  Obtain  a  Speedy 
Answer,  for  the  promoting  this  Undertaking  appears  to  us  so  necessary  that  all 
concerned  therein  are  unanimous  in  determining  to  prepare  for  the  Building  early 
in  the  Spring  of  next  year 

We  are,  with  much  respect,  your  obliged,  real  friends. 

To  this  the  following  reply  was  received  : 

London,  i8th,  ist  Mo.,  1752. 
Esteemed  Friends. — We  received  yours  the  sixth  July  past,  and  the  address 
which  it  brought  was  by  us  delivered  to  Thomas  Penn,  Esquire,  unto  which  we 
most  readily  joined  what  interest  we  have  with  him  and  his  brother,  to  grant  your 
request  of  a  piece  of  ground,  whereon  to  build  the  proposed  Hospital  in  your 
City  ;  and  we  make  no  doubt  but  Joshua  Crosby  hath  informed  you  of  what  his 
answer  was,  and  also  of  what  Thomas  Hyam  and  Son  wrote  him  from  time  to 
time  on  the  subject ;  and  now  we  have  the  pleasure  to  acquaint  you  that  yesterday 
we  received  a  letter  from  him  granting  your  request,  a  copy  whereof  is  here  under. 
We  are  your  assured  friends, 

Tho.mas  Hyam,  Silvanus  Bevan. 

London,  January  17,  1752-  Proprietors 

Gentlemen. — You  may  inform  the  directors  ot  the   Hospital  at  Philadelphia,    ^f^f.^  another 
that  we  sent  orders  to  the   Governour,   the  nineteenth  of  December,    by  way  of   lot  of  ground 
New  England,  to  grant  them  a  piece  ot  ground  to  build  the  Hospital  upon,  though 
not  the  jiiecethey  asked,  yet  one  of  the  same  size,  and  where,  if  it  should  be  neces- 
sary, we  can  grant  them  an.addition. 

I  Am,  Gentlemen,  your  affectionate  friend, 

Thomas  Penn. 
To  Messieurs  Silvanus  Bcz'an,  and  Thomas  Hyam. 

The  Governor  was  pleased  to  favor  the  managers  with  a  copy  of 
the  instructions  he  received  upon  this  occasion,  which,   after  due  con- 

17 


sideration,  they  made  some  observations  upon,  andsent  to  their  agents. 
A  copy  of  these  several  papers  here  follow  in  their  order  : 

Thomas  and   Thomas  Penn,  and  Richard  Penn,  tki'e  and  absolute  i-roprietaries  of 
Richard  the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  counties  of  New 

Penn,  Esqrs',  Castle,  Kent,  and  Sussex,  on  Delaware,  in  America. 

Charter  and    Xo  James  Hamilton,  esquire,   our  lieutenant   jjovernor  of  our  said  province  and 
grant  of  a  counties,  and  to  all  other  persons  whom  these  presents  may  concern,  greeting, 

piece  of  Whereas  it  has  been  represented  unto  us,  th.it  there   is  a   want   in   our   said 

ground,  province  of  a  common  Hospital,  or  Infirmary,  for  the  relief  of  such  poor  as  are 
atilicted  with  curable  diseases  ;  and  that  many  of  the  good  inhabitants  thereof,  lu 
supply  that  defect,  and  out  of  a  tender  and  charitable  regard  to  their  fellow 
creatures,  had  voluntarily  subscribed,  and  were  still  subscribing,  large  sums  of 
money,  towards  a  stock  for  the  support  of  such  a  Hospital  ;  and  that  the  assembly 
there,  being  petitioned  by  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  all  ranks  and  denomina- 
tions, had  already  granted  two  thousand  pounds,  for  the  founding,  building,  and 
furnishing  thereof;  and  that  the  persons  who  had  contributed  towards  the  stock 
thereof,  or  many  of  them,  had,  in  the  month  of  July  past,  chosen  certain  persons 
to  be  managers  of  the  said  intended  Hospital. 

And  whereas  the  said  managers  had  addressed  us,  laying  the  said  affair  before 
us,  in  confidence  that  so  good  and  pious  an  undertaking  would  not  fail  of  our 
approbation,  and  hoping,  from  the  accustr.med  bounty  of  our  family  in  encourag- 
ing former  designs  of  public  utility  to  the  peopleof  our  said  province,  the  present 
would  also  receive  our  kind  assistance  ;  and  that  as  private  i)eisons  raised  the 
stock  to  support  the  Hospital,  and  the  assembly  were  to  build  the  house,  so  that 
we  would  be  pleased  to  favour  the  said  managers  with  the  grant  of  a  piece  of 
ground  for  the  buildings  and  necessary  accommodations  for  the  said  Hospital ; 
and  also  requesting  our  sentiments,  if  anything  should  occur  to  us  that  we  might 
think  of  service  with  respect  to  the  management  or  rules  ol  the  said  Hospital : 

Know  ye  therefore,  that  we,  having  taken  tiie  premises  into  our  considera- 
tion, and  .ipproving  and  gre.itly  favouring  the  said  general  scheme  and  intention, 
and  being  desirous  to  aid  and  assist  the  same,  as  conceiving  that  the  due  execu- 
tion thereof  may  tend  to  the  relief  of  many  poor  and  necessitous  persons  in  our 
said  province  and  to  the  general  benefit  and  advanl.tgeol  the  same,  have  resolved 
to  incorporate  the  present  and  future  subscribers  by  our  grant  of  incorporation  ; 
and  at  the  same  time  to  grant  unto  such  corporation  so  incorporated,  a  valuable 
tract  of  land  in  a  proper  place  within  our  good  city  of  Philadelphia. 

In  order  whereto,  we  do  by  these  presents,  give,  grant,  and  commit  unto  you, 
our  said  lieutenant  governour.  full  power,  commission,  and  authority,  by  one 
instrument  or  grant  of  incorporation,  to  be  issued  in  our  names,  and  to  be  sealed 
with  the  great  seal  of  our  said  province,  to  incorporate  and  erect  into  a  body  poli- 
tick or  corporate,  by  such  name  or  title  as  to  you  shall  seem  most  apt  and  conven- 
ient, all  and  every  such  persons,  who  already  have  subscribed  and  paid,  or  at  any 
time  hereafter  shall  subscribe  and  pay  the  sum  of  ten  pounds  or  more,  of  current 
money  of  our  said  province,  towards  the  founding  and  establishing  a  Hospital  for 
the  reception  and  relief  of  lunaticks,  and  other  distempered  and  sick  poor  within 
our  said  province,  such  corporation  to  have  continuance  to  such  contributors  and 
their  successours  for  ever  ;  and  to  grant  all  usual ,  common ,  proper  and  reasonable 
powers  of  a  corporation  unto  such  corporation,  and  their  successors  ;  and  par- 
ticularly for  the  making  of  such  reasonable  and  lawful  by-laws,  rules  and  orders, 
as  to  the  said  corporation,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  when  duly  assembled  in 
such  manner  as  shall  be  therein  appointed,  shall  seem   useful  and  necessary  for 


l8 


•the  well  ordering,  regulating  and  governinj;  the  said  Hospital  ;  for  the  regulation 
■of  the  future  elections  of  managers,  treasurer  or  treasurers,  and  other  necessary  charter  fron 
officers  and  ministers  thereof;  for  limiting  their  numbers,  trusts,  and  authorities.  Proprietors 
and  the  times  and  durations  of  their  respective  continuance  in  their  offices,  and 
the  causes  and  manner  of  reraovmg  any  of  them  (if  occasion  should  require)  and 
^generally,  for  the  well  ordering  all  other  matters  and  things,  any  way  relating  to 
or  concerning  the  good  government,  estate,  lands,  rents,  revenues,  interest,  monies 
and  goods,  and  all  other  the  business  and  affairs  of  the  said  Hospital,  and  of  the 
poor  therein,  and  of  the  officers  and  ministers  thereof  And  also  to  grant,  that 
all  such  by-laws,  rules  and  orders,  so  to  be  made  as  aforesaid,  shall  be  from  time 
;to  time  inviolably  observed  by  all  concerned,  according  to  the  tenour  and  effect  of 
them,  provided  they  be  reasonable  in  themselves,  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  of 
Great  Britain,  or  of  our  said  province,  and  be  first  approved  by  us,  or  such  of  us, 
our  heirs  or  assigns,  proprietaries  of  our  said  province,  as  shall  for  the  time  being 
'be  in  America,  and  by  the  chief  justice,  and  speaker  of  the  assembly  for  the  time 
being,  under  our  and  their  hands  and  seals,  in  case  we,  or  either  of  us,  or  the 
heirs  or  assigns  of  us,  or  either  of  us,  or  any  of  them,  shall  for  the  time  being 
happen  to  be  in  America  ;  but  in  case  we,  or  either  of  us,  nor  any  of  the  heirs  or 
assigns  of  either  of  us,  proprietaries  of  our  said  province,  shall  happen  from  time 
to  time  to  be  in  America,  then  being  first  approved  by  and  under  the  hands  and 
seals  of  the  governour  or  lieutenant  governour,  the  chief  justice,  the  speaker  of 
the  assembly,  and  the  attorney  general  of  our  said  province  for  the  time  being,  or 
by  any  three  of  them.  And  also  to  grant  and  appoint  such  persons  to  be  present 
and  immediate  officers  of  such  corporation  (until  a  future  election  of  new  ones)  as 
have  already  been  chosen  and  appointed  by  the  subscribers  thereto,  and  to  grant 
power  to  the  said  corporation,  and  to  their  successours,  to  take  and  receive,  and 
•to  hold  and  enjoy,  for  the  use  of  the  said  corporation,  any  lands,  tenements  or 
hereditaments  within  our  said  province,  not  exceeding  in  the  whole  the  yearly 
value  of  one  thousand  pounds  at  the  time  of  such  taking  of  the  gift,  grant,  aliena- 
.tion,  bequest  or  devise  of  any  person  or  persons  whatsoever  ;  and  also  to  take, 
receive,  hold  and  enjoy,  any  goods  or  chattels,  to  any  value  whatsoever;  and  to 
grant  unto  the  said  corporation  power  to  use  a  common  seal  for  the  business  of  the 
■said  corporation,  and  the  same  at  pleasure  to  alter  and  change  ;  but  you  are  in 
such  our  grant  of  incorporation  to  insert  one  or  more  express  provisoes  and  condi- 
^tions,  that  no  general  meeting  of  the  members  of  such  corporations,  or  any  per- 
sons acting  under  them,  shall  sell  or  convert  into  money,  any  real  estate,  given  or 
to  be  given  to  the  said  corporation  (unless  directed  so  todo  by  the  donor  or  doners 
of  the  samel  nor  shall  employ  or  dispose  of  any  i)rincipal  money  or  other  effects, 
■which  are  or  shall  be  given  or  added  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  of  the  capital 
stock  of  the  said  corporation  in  any  other  manner  than  by  applying  the  annual 
irent,  revenue,  income,  or  interest  of  the  same,  towards  the  entertainment  and 
cure  ot  the  sick  and  distempered  poor,  that  shall  from  time  to  lime  be  brought  and 
.placed  in  or  under  the  care  of  the  said  Hospital,  and  the  officers  and  ministers 
thereof,  for  the  cure  of  their  diseases,  from  any  part  of  our  said  province,  without 
partiality  or  preference.  And  also  that  fair,  full,  and  plain  accounts  in  writing,  of 
all  subscriptions,  benefactions,  donations,  and  gifts  of  every  kind  to  the  said  cor- 
poration, and  of  the  disposal,  employment  and  disbursements  of  the  same,  and 
of  the  rents,  revenues,  incomes,  interest  and  produce  arising  therefrom,  and  of 
ithe  disposal  thereof,  and  of  all  salaries  paid  to  any  officers  or  servants,  shall  con- 
.stantly  lie  open  in  some  publick  part  of  the  Hospital,  for  the  free  view  and  inspec- 
tion, at  all  times  in  the  day,  of  any  subscriber  or  contributor,  and  that  an  account 
of  .the  same,  signed  by  .three  or  more  of  the  managers,  be,  from  time  to  time,  once 


in  the  month  of  October,  inevcrj'  year,  published  in  the  Gazelle,  or  other  news- 
paper, printed  in  our  said  province,  for  the  information  of  all  persons.  And  that 
the  books,  accounts,  affairs,  economy,  disposition,  and  management  of  the  said 
Hospital,  and  of  all  the  estate,  rents,  revenues,  and  interest  thereof,  and  of  all  the 
managers,  treasurers,  otTicers,  ministers  and  servants  thereof,  and  every  matter 
and  thing  relating  to  the  same,  or  to  any  of  them,  and  all  abuses  concerning  the 
same  (if  any  such  should  ever  happen)  shall  at  all  times  be  subject  to  the  inspec- 
tion, free  examination  and  reformation  of  such  visitors,  not  exceeding  four  in 
number,  as  we,  our  heirs  or  assigns,  proprietaries  of  the  said  province,  or  the 
lieutenant  governour  of  the  said  province  for  the  time  being,  shall  from  time  to 
time  appoint,  so  as  the  chief  justice,  and  the  speaker  of  the  assembly  of  our  said 
province  for  the  lime  being,  be  always  two  of  such  visitors. 

"  And  we  do  hereby  give,  grant  and  commit  to  you,  our  said  lieutenant 
governor,  further  power,  commission,  and  authority,  in  and  by  the  same  instru- 
ment or  grant  of  incorporation  to  be  so  issued  as  aforesaid,  to  give  and  grant  unto,, 
and  for  the  use  of  the  said  corporation,  and  their  successors  for  ever,  all  that  part 
of  the  square  or  parcel  of  vacant  land,  in  our  said  city  of  Philadelphia,  herein- 
after described  :  that  is  to  say,  all  that  jiiece  or  parcel  of  land  situated,  lying,  and 
being  on  the  north  side  of  Sassafras  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh  streets 
from  Delaware,  containing  from  east  to  west  on  Sassafras  street  three  hundred  and 
ninety-six  feet,  or  thereabouts,  little  more  or  less,  and  from  south  to  north,  on 
Si.xth  and  Seventh  streets,  three  hundred  feet,  and  bounding  northward  on  other 
vacant  land,  part  of  the  same  square,  reserved  to  us,  to  hoUl  unto,  and  to  the  use 
of  the  said  corporation  and  their  successours,  to  and  for  the  use  of  the  said 
Hospital  for  ever,  rendering  to  the  hands  of  our  receiver-general,  and  of  the 
receiver-general  of  us.  our  heirs,  or  assigns,  proprietaries  of  the  said  provinces 
for  the  time  being,  in  our  said  province,  for  our  use,  the  yearly  rent  of  five  shil- 
lings of  lawful  money  of  Great  Britain  on  the  first  day  of  March  in  each  and  every 
year  henceforth  for  ever,  under  a  declared  and  express  proviso  and  condition  to 
be  contained  in  such  grant  of  incorporation,  that  if,  at  any  time  hereafter,  there 
shall  not  be  a  constant  succession  of  contributors  to  meet  yearly  and  choose 
managers  and  officers,  then  the  said  tract  of  land  thereby  to  be  granted,  shall 
revert  and  return  to  us,  our  heirs  and  assigns,  proprietaries  of  our  said  jirovince, 
as  in  our  first  and  former  estate.  And  you  are  to  insert  in  such  grant,  all  such 
other  proper  clauses  and  matters,  not  contrary  to,  or  inconsistent  with,  the  direc- 
tions hereby  given,  as  to  you  shall  seem  proper  and  reasonable  ;  and  particularly 
for  the  enrolment  of  the  said  grant  in  the  master  of  the  rolls  office  in  Philadelphia. 

For  which,  this  shall  be  to  you  our  sufficient  warrant,  commission,  and 
authority. 

Given  under  our  hands  and  seals,  this  twenty-eighth  day  of  October,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty-one. 

Thomas  Penn,     /,.  5. 
RicH.VRD  Penn.  L.  S. 

The  (iroposed  grant  ^vas   respectfully  but  firmly  declined;  and 

the  following  "Remarks"  made  thereon,  written  by  Franklin,  were 

sent  with  a  letter  to  Messrs,  Hyam  and  Bevan,  July  2,  1752. 

Grant  The  design  of  the  hospital  being  (in  itselO  so  beneficent,  and  our  honorable 

declined  as    proprietaries  having   fully  expressed  their  approbation  of  it  in  strong  terms,  as 

unsuitable,    well  as  declared  their  kind   intentions  of  aiding  and  assisting  it,  by  granting  a 

valuable  tract  of  land,  in  a  proper  place,  for  a  Hospit.il ;  all  therefore  th.at  seems 

necessary   for   us   to   do,  is   to  convince  our  honourable  proprietaries,  that  the 


■methods  by  which  they  have  proposed  to  aid  and  assist  the  Hospital,  will  by  no 
means  answer  these  good  intentions,  but  are  really  inconsistent  therewith. 

We  must  then  beg  leave  to  remark  in  the  first  place,  with  regard  to  the 
■charter,  that,  as  the  act  of  assembly  is  undoubtedly  the  best  grant  of  incorpora- 
tion that  we  can  possibly  have,  and  as  the  representatives  of  the  freemen  of  this 
province  have  generously  contributed  towards  the  design,  we  should  fail  of  the 
respect  that  is  justly  due  to  them,  were  wetoacceptof  any  other,  without  obtaining 
«ome  very  great  and  manifest  advantage  by  it ;  but  that  there  are  no  such  advan- 
tages in  the  charter  proposed,  is  evident  at  first  view  :  On  the  contrary,  we  should 
by  it  be  confined  to  stricter  limits  than  we  now  are,  particularly  with  respect  to  the 
power  of  making  bylaws,  and  being  subjected  to  visitors  of  the  proprietaries' 
appointment.  But  that  clause  w-hich  makes  the  lot  (and  of  consequence  the 
buildings  on  it)  revert  to  the  proprietaries,  on  failure  of  a  succession  of  contribu- 
tors, is  so  weighty  an  objection,  that  were  there  no  other,  we  could  not  entertain 
the  least  thoughts  of  accepting  the  charter  ;  for  as  the  sum  allow'ed  for  support  of 
the  Hospital  is  limited,  we  may  reasonably  conclude,  that  in  time  there  will  cease 
to  be  a  succession  of  contributors,  and  no  person  can  imagine  that  when  that  hap- 
pens to  be  the  case,  the  lot  and  buildings  ought  to  become  the  private  property  of 
any  man  :  And  though  the  act  of  assembly  hath  made  provision  in  a  manner 
which  may  be  liable  to  some  inconveniences,  yet  it  can  scarce  fail  of  answering  the 
purposes  first  intended.  The  proprietaries,  to  be  sure,  have  not  attended  to  these 
consequences,  or  they  never  would  have  proposed  any  thing  so  inconsistent  with 
the  design  they  intended  to  promote. 

As  to  the  lot  that  the  proprietaries  designed  for  the  Hospital,  it  is  so  situated, 
and  so  circumstanced,  that  it  will  by  no  means  be  suitable  for  the  purpose.  It  is 
a  moist  piece  of  ground,  adjoining  to  the  brick  yards,  where  there  are  ponds  of 
■standing  water,  and  therefore  must  be  unhealthy,  and  more  fit  for  a  burying 
place  (to  which  use  part  of  it  is  already  applied)  than  for  any  other  service ; 
besides,  as  it  is  part  of  a  square  allotted  by  the  late  honourable  proprietary  for 
publick  uses,  as  the  old  maps  of  city  will  show,  our  fellow  citizens  would  ta.\  us 
with  injustice  to  them  ;  if  we  should  accept  of  this  lot  by  a  grant  from  our  present 
proprietaries,  in  such  terms  as  would  seem  to  imply  our  assenting  to  their  having 
•a  right  to  the  remainder  of  the  square. 

The  ground   granted   to    the   Contributors    by  the  Proprietaries   Managers 
having  been  found  unsuitable,  the  gift  of  thfe  site   desired  was  again   prefer  to  pur- 
solicited,  or,  failing  in  this,  the  Proprietaries  were  requested  to  name 
a  price,  if  willing  to  sell. 

The  following  letter  was  accordingly  addressed  by  the  managers 
to  Messrs.  Hyam  and  Bevan  : 

Philadelphia,  2d  of  7th  mo.,  1752. 
Esteemed  friends  : 

We  now,  on  behalf  of  the  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  with 
•much  gratitude  and  respect,  acknowledge  the  benevolent  disposition  you  have 
manifested,  by  jour  industry  and  care  in  solliciting  our  address  to  our  proprie- 
taries ;  and  as  we  are  fully  convinced  nothing  hath  been  wanting  on  your  parts, 
we  should  have  been  much  pleased  that  the  Lott  which  the  proprietaries  proposed 
■for  the  Hospital,  and  the  terms  of  their  Grant,  were  such  as  we  desired,  or  could 
accept. 

Immediately  after  the  receipt  of  your  letter,  with  the  copy  of  that  you  had 
ifrom  the  proprietaries,  our  President  waited  on  the  Governour,  who  was  pleased 


chase  a  more 

appropriate 

site. 


to  comnuinicati-  to  lis  the  instruction  he  had  reciivtd  ;  aiul  as  the  answer  given' 

Inciter  til    ''>'  *''^'  P'oprietaries  to  you  may  have  induced  you  to  think  they  had  granted  our 

Messrs  Hyam    r^qtiest,  We  think   it  necessary  to  send  you  a  copy  of  their  instructions  to  the 

and  Bevan    governour;  after  perusal  of  which,  and  of  the  few  remarks  we  have  made  thereon, 

declining    *^^  have  no  doubt,  you  will  approve  of  our  resolutions,  not  to  accept  of  a  I.ott  on 

grant  and    "lese  terms. 

offering  to  Before  we  agreed  on  the  address  to  the  proprietaries,  we  surveyed  the  square 

purchase,  'of  wliich  the  lot  proposed  by  them  is  a  part)  and  the  situation  appeared  to  us  in 
in  every  respect  inconvenient  and  unsuitable  for  our  purpose.  It  is  contiguous 
to  the  brickmakers'  ground,  from  which  the  city  hath  been  furnished  with  bricks 
above  forty  years  past,  so  that  their  large  ponds  being  constantly  filled  with 
standing  water,  renders  the  neighborhood  unhealthy,  and  of  course  absolutely 
improper  for  our  purpose,  which  is  to  restore  the  sick  to  health  ;  and  the  only 
proper  use  of  that  sipiare  will  be  for  a  burial  ground,  to  which  service  some 
part  of  it  hath  been  applied  by  a  grant  from  the  proprietaries  ;  and'  the  dissatis- 
faction which  nppear'd,  and  still  subsists  among  our  fellow-citizens,  on  the 
proprietors  claiming  a  right  to  make  that  grant  is  so  great,  that  if  there  were  no 
other  objections,  we  would  not  run  the  risque  of  Increasing  it. 

We  still  think  that  the  I.ott  we  first  mentioned  is  more  suitable  for  us  than  any 
other  so  near  the  city,  and  of  so  small  value,  and  we  are  not  entirely  without 
hopes  that  the  proprietors,  who  have  so  fully  declared  their  approbation  of  our 
design,  will  still  grant  the  same  to  us  ;  We  are  assured,  if  they  regard  their  own 
interest  in  the  affections  of  the  people,  or  even  attend  to  the  Justice  of  their 
concurring  in  the  promoting  of  every  scheme  calculated  for  the  publick  utility  of 
their  province.  They  will  cheerfully  grant  it  to  us  ;  And  if  you  should  entertain  the 
same  sentiments,  we  retpicst  you  to  renew  your  sollicitations  to  them,  and  if  you 
find  tliem  still  unwilling  to  favour  our  request,  we  should  be  ple.ised  to  know 
whether  they  will  sell  it  to  us,  or  Lett  it  for  ever  on  an  annual  rent,  and  the 
price  or  rent  they  propose  ;  for  as  the  number  of  contributors  still  continues 
gradually  encre.ising,  we  shall  rather  endeavour  to  purchase  a  Lott  in  a  proper 
situation,  than  to  build  the  house  in  an  inconvenient  place,  or  to  accept  of  any  I,ott 
on  such  terms  as  we  know  would  give  a  general  dissatisfaction. 

One  of  the  contributors  hath  offer'd  to  give  a  Lott  of  ground  much  larger  than 
that  we  now  ask,  and  in  a  very  good  air  ;  but  being  about  a  mile  out  of  town,  we 
are  apprehensive  it  will  be  inconvenient  to  the  physicians,  who,  as  they  freely 
give  their  attendance,  should  be  subjected  to  as  little  difi'iculty  as  possible. 

We  have,  for  the  present,  hired  a  house  tolerably  convenient,  into  which  we 
began  to  admit  patients  about  six  months  since.  The  number  received  is 
twenty  three,  of  which  twelve  have  been  cured  and  discharged,  and  eleven  are 
remaining;  and  as  the  benefitls  of  this  institution  become  daily  more  attended 
to,  we  have  not  the  le.ast  doubt  that  the  minds  of  such  who  are  bless'd  with  the 
means,  will  gradually  become  the  more  freely  disposed  to  contribute  towards 
this  good  work,  and  that  it  will  soon  become  of  general  service  to  the  people  of 
this  province. 

The  kind  manner  in  which  you  have  cheerfully  engaged  to  serve  us,  gives  us 
reason  to  think  you  will  approve  of  our  writing  to  you  with  so  much  freedom  ;  we 
shall  not  therefore  offer  any  apology  for  it. 

We  are  your  Obliclged  Friends,  Joshua  Ckosbv,  President. 

The  Proprietaries,  through  Messrs.  Hyam  and  Bevan,  ex|)lained 
the  objectionable  Reversion  clause  in  their  charter,  and  disclaimed  any 
wish  to  appropriate  to  themselves  the  buildings  which  might  be  erected- 

22 


The  only  contingency  contemplated  was  a  restoration  of  the  grounds, 
when  they  should  cease  to  be  used  for  the  purposes  for  which  granted. 
The  proprietaries  were,  however,  still  of  the  opinion  that  their 
charter  and  the  ground  offered  should  be  accepted  by  the  contributors. 

To  THE  Managers  of  the  Pennsvi-vania  Hospital.  Reply  of 

Respected  Friends, — We  attended  your  proprietary,  Thomas  Penn,  esquire,  Hyam  and 
and  presented  to  him  your  remarks  on  the  grant  of  land  made  by  him  and  his  Bevan. 
brother  Richard  to  your  society  (dated  the  eighth  of  October,  1751),  and 
requested  instead  thereof  that  spot  which  your  memorial  mentioned,  and 
desired  might  be  granted  for  the  intended  Hospital.  He  perused  the  remarks, 
and  made  objections  to  them,  alleging  that  the  ground  which  you  desired  was 
contiguous  to  that  which  they  have  offered,  consequently  no  difference  in  the 
healthiness  thereof.  And  as  to  the  remark  against  its  reverting  to  the  proprie- 
taries he  very  readily  declared  nothing  more  was  intended  by  the  clause  in  the 
grant,  than  that  provided  the  scheme  for  the  establishment  and  continuance  ot 
the  Hospital  should  not  succeed,  either  for  the  want  ot  the  sum  proposed  to  be 
raised  as  a  fund,  or  through  any  other  cause,  that  then  the  ground  should  revert, 
&c.,  but  as  to  the  erections  thereon,  they  should  be  at  the  managers  disposal. 
We  desired  his  answer  in  writing,  but  he  refused  the  giving  it  in  that  manner, 
and  added,  the  governour  should  have  the  necessary  instructions  on  the  affair, 
unto  whom  you  might  apply  concerning  it.  On  the  whole,  he  came  to  this 
resolution,  not  to  make  any  alteration  in  what  was  before  granted,  nor  to  let  or 
sell  the  spot  of  ground  you  pitch  upon ;  and  therefore  we  are  of  opinion,  you 
should  either  accept  the  proprietaries'  ofier,  with  the  clause  relating  to  the 
reverting  to  them  being  e.xplained,  or  else  fix  on  some  other  piece  of  ground, 
.^nd  if  there  is  no  other  objection  than  the  small  distance  of  a  mile  to  the  place 
which  one  of  the  contributors  hath  offered  to  give  you,  may  not  that  be  more  fit 
for  a  Hospital  or  Infirmary,  than  to  have  it  in  the  city,  where  infectious  diseases 
may  be  much  more  liable  to  spread.  What  seems  to  us  to  disquiet  the  Proprie- 
taries is  your  Questioning  their  Right  to  the  Square  of  which  the  Spot  which 
they  offer  is  a  part  and  also  that  you  esteem  an  Establishment  from  the  .Assembly 
preferable  to  a  Charter  from  the  Proprietaries.  We  observe,  with  pleasure,  the 
success  that  hath  attended  the  beginning  of  the  good  work  you  are  engaged  in, 
and  hope  it  will  go  forward,  and  be  happily  completed,  and  are,  with  hearty 
salutes.  Your  real  friends, 

Jan'y  31,  1753.  Thomas  HvA>t,  Svlvanvs  Bevan. 

The  Managers  acknowledged  the  courtesies  of  Messrs.  Hyam  and 
Bevan.  and  regretted  the  failure  of  their  request  to  the  proprietaries  ; 
the  accounts  of  the  Hospital  to  be  sent  as  soon  as  published. 

Pensvlvania  Hospital,  30th  of  6th  mo.,  1753.  Anotherletter 

Esteemed  friends  :  of  Managers. 

We  have  lately  rec'd  your  favour  of  thirty-first,  first  month  last,  with 
duplicate  of  your  former  letters  to  our  President,  and  being  sensible  that  you 
have  solicited  our  address  to  the  proprietaries  with  all  the  diligence  and  care  we 
could  desire  or  expect,  we  gratefully  acknowledge  your  friendship,  and  think 
ourselves  under  the  same  obligations  we  sho'd  have  been  if  your  kind  Endeavours 
had  obtained  the  desired  Effect. 

The  accounts  of  the  afiTairs  of  the  Hospital,  and  of  its  present  state,  will  be 
laid  before  the  assembly  at  their  next  meeting,  and  soon  after  publish'd,  of  which 


23 


we  sliall  direct  duplicates  to  be  sent  you  ;  and  as  you  have  interested  yourselves 
In  the  promotion  of  it,  and  we  are  convinc'd  of  your  good  wishes  for  its  success, 
when  wc  can  Rive  you  a  pleasing  account  of  its  advancement,  sliall  take  the 
liberty  of  communicating  the  same,  being,  with  real  respects. 

Signed  on  behalf  of  the  board  of  Managers,  Your  obliged  frit-nds, 

Joshua  Crosby,  President. 

The  next  matter  which  engaged  the  attention  of  the  managers 
was  the  ever  recurring  necessity  of  raising  further  contributions.  For 
which  purjjose,  copies  of  the  " Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Hospital" 
and  also  of  Franklin's  "  Some  Account  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital," 
were  sent  to  London. 

Letter  and  Philadelpiiia,  7th,  8th  mo.,  1754. 

Accounts  sent    -^fi'ssrs.  Thomas  Hyain  and  Sylvanus  Bezan,  Esteemed  Friends, 

to  London.  Your  cheerful  concurrence  with  us,  in  the  foundation  of  the   Pennsylvania 

Hiispital,  so  fully  assures  us  of  the  pleasure  you  would  take  in  its  success  and 
advancement,  that  we  determined  to  embrace  every  suitable  occasion  of  commu- 
nicating the  accounts  of  our  progress;  And  the  publick  having  received  some 
benefit,  and  being,  we  hope,  gradually  become  more  sensible  of  the  advantage  of 
the  institution,  it  was  judg'd  expedient,  besides  the  general  state  of  our  accounts, 
to  publish  a  narrative  of  our  affairs  from  the  beginning  ;  which  being  now  com- 
pleated.  We  send  you  a  dozen  of  them,  not  doubting  of  your  friendship  in  distribut- 
ing them  in  such  manner  as. may  be  of  most  service  ;  and  that  if  you  find  any  of 
your  friends  disposed  to  contribute  towards  this  good  work,  you  will  promote  their 
doing  it. 

We  salute  you  with  Respect 

The  appeal  of  the  Contributors  to  the  Proprietaries  had  only 
resulted  in  the  granting  of  a  charter  the  provisions  of  which  effectually 
precluded  the  possibility  of  its  being  accepted.  They  offered  a  lot  of 
ground,  which  was  entirely  unsuitable  on  account  of  its  marshy  sur- 
roundings, and,  moreover,  did  not  belong  to  the  Proprietaries,  since 
it  had  been  previously  allotted  and  dedicated  to  public  purposes  for  a 
|)ark.  The  acceptance  of  this  particular  piece  of  ground  by  the 
Hospital,  if  permitted  by  the  government,  would  have  apparently 
established  the  right  of  the  Proprietaries  to  dispose  of  the  remainder 
of  the  ground  and  thus  allow  it  to  revert  from  public  use  to  private 
ownership  * 


>  Notwithstanding  the  original  dedication  of  this  square  to  public  uses,  this  was  not  the  fir<t 
attempt  to  grant  portions  to  private  individuals.  On  June  i,  174T,  on  application  of  a  German 
Congregalion,  a  warrant  signed  by  Thomas  Pcnn  was  issued  to  the  Surveyor  General,  instructing  him 
to  lay  otit  to  them  "  a  vacant  lot  .  .  .  bounded  northward  by  Vine  Street,  eastward  and  weslw.«rd 
by  vacancies,  and  southward  by  the  ends  of  Sassafras  {now  Race)  Street  lots."  In  1834,  the  same 
Congregation  was  indicted  for  a  nuisance  in  erecting  a  certain  fence  and  wooden  building  upon  a 
portion  of  the  same  square;  they  justified  their  action  under  the  title  derived  from  the  patent  cf 
December  14,  1763,  bvit  an  elaborate  opinion,  decided  the  square  had  been  dedicated  to  public  uses 
by  the  original  Proprietors,  and  that  the  Act  of  Thomas  Penn  in  1741  in  attempting  to  sell  pan  of 
it  to  a  religious  society  as  their  exclusive  property  and  for  their  exclusive  use,  under  the  pretense  of 
its  being  vacan:  ground,  was  without  authority  and  passed  no  title  to  (he  grantees.  (Scharf  & 
Westcott.)     The  lot  offered  was  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now  called  Franklin  Square. 

24 


After  the  election   of  officers,   laws  and  rules  of  order  became   Committeeon 
necessary,   and  Joshua   Crosby,    the  President,   Dr.   Thomas  Bond,   ^"''^^  ° 
Hugh  Roberts,  and  Benjamin  Franklin  were  appointed  a  Committee   appointed, 
to  draught  a  set  of  Laws  and    Rules   for  the    Managers,  to  be  acted 
upon  by  the  next  Meeting  of  Contributors. 

The  first  rule  adopted  shows  the  thrift  of  the  newly  elected 
managers  and  their  regard  for  punctuality. 

Resolved  to  meet  hereafter  on  the  First  Fifth-day  of  the  week  in  every  month 
at  five  in  the  afternoon,  and  that  each  Manager  absent  at  such  Meetings  should 
pay  two  shillings  and  those  not  coming  in  due  time  should  pay  one  shilling  ;  the 
Fines  to  be  disposed  as  the  Majority  shall  direct. 

In  the  meantime,  R.   Peters,  S.   Hazard,   and   Israel   Pemberton    subscriptions 
agreed  to  go  around  with  the  subscription  papers  to  a  number  of  per-   sniicited. 
sons  who  had  not  yet  contributed  and  endeavor  "  to  jirocure  their 
assistance   to   this  undertaking."     Every  expedient  that  promised  a 
source  of  revenue  was  considered  ;  and  the  Managers  did   not  spare 
themselves,  as  the  above  extract  shows. 

The  prospect  of  obtaining  the  two  thousand  pounds  granted  by  the 
Assembly  stimulated  every  friend  of  the  Hospital  to  increased  effort 
to  raise  the  amount  required  in  order  to  secure  such  a  welcome  appro- 
priation. 

On  July  1 2th,  1751,  the  problem  was  discussed  by  the  Board  of 
how  to  obtain  the  two  thousand  pounds  from  the  Assembly,  since  it 
was  necessary  in  order  to  secure  this  grant  that  proof  that  an  equal 
sum  had  been  obtained  from  private  sources  should  be  produced. 

The  list  of  subscribers  presented  to  the  Assembly  on  August  i, 
failed  to  give  sufficient  evidence  that  the  amounts  reported  were 
bona-fide.  The  Speaker  stated  that,  as  he  would  be  held  individually 
responsible,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  require  that  legal  notes  should  be 
in  their  possession  to  insure  the  prompt  jiayment  of  the  moneys  which 
had  been  subscribed. 

The   President  therefore  announced  that  the  Speaker  wished  that   Penal  Notes 

the  subscriptions  should  be  made  a  certainty  by  taking  penal  notes  taken  to 

,     .  .  J  •       ,     .     ^i_     T  secure  the 

of  such  as  do  not  pay  their  money  immediately  to  the  Ireasurer.  subscriptions 

On  .August  I,  it  was 
Resolved,  that  Penal  Bills  be  printed  and  be  executed  by  such  as  do  not 
immediately  pay  ;  payable  on  the  24th  of  the  month  called  June  ne.xt,  with  interest 
from  the  time  of  subscribing. 

On  June  20th  of  the  same  year,  this  was  changed  to  read  : 
That  no  interest  be  demanded  of  such  as  pay  before  the  first  of  October  next ; 
and  that  the  President,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  go  round  among  the  subscribers  in 
order  to  get  the  Bills  executed. 


Subscriptions  Qn  August  20,  it  being  made  to  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 

Obtained.  Assembly,  that  the  contributions,  actually  available,  really  amounted 
to  jC->15^>  i6j  8//,  being  upwards  of  the  reipiired  sum,  an  order  was 
drawn  on  the  Trustees  of  the  Loan  Office  for  the  payment  of  _;^2ooo 
to  the  Hos|jital.  Of  this  sum,  one-half  (^1000)  was  to  be  paid 
immediately,  the  balance  to  become  due  and  payable  in  twelve 
months. 

This  money  was  placed  i)y  the  Managers  to  the  credit  of  (':i|iiial 
Stock  account,  and  they  ordered  that  it  should  not  be  loaned  at 
interest  by  the  Treasurer  without  sufficient  real  security,  nor  in  less 
sums  than  ;^ioo. 

The  first  real  estate  owned  by  the  Hospital  was  donated  by 
Matthias  Koplin,  a  pious,  but  eccentric  German.  The  following 
quaintly  expressed  letter  is  self-explanatory : 

Sfptcniher  llie  2,  1751. 

,  „  '  ,    Cliriilofilier  Samr,  ^fy  dear  and  beloi'cdfiiend  : 
lion  of  Re.-il  1  •     . 

Estate  Whereas  I  have  seen  out  of  your  newspaper  that  the  conirit)iiti)rs  of  the 

Hospital  at  Philadelphia  are  carefully  concerned  about  it  and  made  a  beginning 
1 1  take  care  of  the  poor  sick  people  and  otjserved  that  it  has  not  such  a  founda- 
tion nor  is  likely  to  become  such  a  Hospital  as  I  have  seen  and  known  in 
Germany,  where  great  sums  of  alms  were  collected  and  ill-used  according  to  the 
affection  of  the  masters  of  the  Hospital,  governed  by  self-love,  enriching 
themselves  and  favoring  their  friends,  so  that  they  lived  in  Plenty,  Superlluity 
and  \'olupluousness,  in  so  much  that  they  could  drive  in  carriages  like  people  of 
Rank,  although  they  had  nothing  before  nor  any  Income  but  out  of  the  Funds  of 
the  Hospital  (when  on  the  contrary)  the  poor  and  needy  in  spile  of  alms  being 
collected,  sull'ered  great  want  and  were  not  taken  care  of  according  to  their 
necessity,  because  it  was  consumed  otherwise.  But  (considering!  the  noble 
foundation  of  this  our  Hospital,  I  can't  but  hope)  it  will  be  (also  wiselyi  managed 
by  impartial  hands,  therefore  I  thought  to  make  a  free  gift,  and  accordingly  (I  do 
make  a  gift)  of  a  small  lot  of  land  for  the  use  of  it,  situate  between  Germantown 
and  Philadelphia.  And  I  do  send  hereby,  to  my  beloved  friend  the  deed  of  it. 
The  managers  of  the  Hospital  may  make  (a  deed  outi  of  it  for  the  Hospital  of 
Philadelphia  and  send  it  to  me,  and  I  and  my  wife  will  set  Hands  ami  seals  to 
it,  before  lawful  witnesses,  and  if  I  should  live  some  years  longer  in  the  flesh,  I 
may  not  be  expected  to  come  to  Philadelphia  every  year  for  the  election  of  the 
twelve  managers  of  the  Hospital  since  that  can  be  done  without  me,  and  I  prefer 
to  stay  at  home  rather  than  ride  on  horseback,  drive  or  walk. 

I  am  the  old 

M.\TrniAS  Koplin. 
P.  S. — I  pray  you  will  not  take  it  amiss  that  I  made  known  my  experience  in 
the  debauchery  of  alms  as  I  have  had  no  ill  thoughts  nor  have  any  as  yet. 

The  above  letter  appears  in  full  on  the  minutes,  in  German  script, 
and  is  followed  by  the  English  translation. 

The  Managers  duly  acknowledged  this  donation  in  the  following 
letter,  the  original  of  which  is  in  Franklin's  handwriting  : 

26 


a»j~l ,.._ i'L-i-^yiS^, i~-*/»A/— .^/i.,»j„ » . 


■■■N^ 


AUTOGRAPH   LETTER. 

TENDERING    FIRST    GIFT    OF    REAL    ESTATE    TO    THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL 


i«i  «  •vmsMT  c*.,  niu. 


Philada.,  Oct.  3,  1751.  Ackiiow- 

Respecled  Friend  ^falllnas  K'oplin.  ledgment  of 

Thy  Friend  Christopher  Saur  hath  communicated  to  the  Managers  of  the  Donation. 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  thy  letter  to  him,  expressing  thy  Intention  of  making  a 
free  Gift  to  the  said  Hospital  of  a  valuable  Lot  of  Ground  situate  between  Ger- 
mantown  &  Philadelphia  ;  for  which  the  .Managers,  in  Behalf  of  the  Poor,  return 
thee  sincere  Thanks  ;  and  hope  thy  charitable  and  generous  Donation,  and  those 
made  by  other  well-dispos'd  People  to  this  Hospital,  will  never  be  misapplyed  in 
the  Manner  mention'd  in  thy  Letter,  as  hath  been  usual  in  some  Hospitals  in 
Germany.  As  a  Caution  to  future  Managers  against  such  Misapplications,  they 
have  order'd  thy  Letter  to  be  copied  in  their  Book  of  Minutes  or  Records  of  their 
Proceedings,  that  it  may  be  preserved  to  Posterity  as  a  Testimony  of  the  original 
Intention  of  the  Founders  of  this  pious  Institution. 

The  Managers  salute  thee  respectfully,  by 
Thy  Friend, 

J.  Crosby,  President. 

On  October  3,  1751,  ;^i,ooo  was   received    by   the   Treasurer.    Money  from 
The  first  borrowers  were  James  Pemberton  and  Israel  Pemberton,  Jr.,    .Assembly 
who  took  the  money  merely  as  an  accommodation  and  as  a  means  to     "^este 
further  contribute  to  the  Hospital's  interests.     They  also   engaged  to 
the  Board  to  repay  any  part  of  it  sooner  than  the  allotted  time,  should 
it  be  wanted  to  make  provision  for  the  Building. 

At  the  same  meeting,  two  hundred  of  the  Subscription  Papers 
were  directed  to  be  printed  and  dispersed  in  the  country  to  collect 
subscriptions.  Fearing  lest  some  charitable  persons  might  not  have 
had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  one  of  the  papers,  the  Treasurer  was 
ordered  "  to  Advertise  in  the  Newspapers  that  such  as  are  incli.Ted  to 
subscribe  mav  apply  to  him  and  such  as  have  already  subscribed  may 
pay." 

It  being  mentioned  by  the  Treasurer,  that  he  was  willing  to   give  security  in    Treasurer  to 
One  Thousand  Pounds  for  the  faithful  Performance   of  his  office,   the  same  was    give  security, 
agreed  to,  and  that  hereafter  it  should  be  a  rule  for  the  future  that  all   Treasurers 
give  security  in  such  sums,  as  the  Managers  should  require. 

The  idea  of  preparing  for  building   early  in   the  following  spring   a  Temporary 
was  mentioned  in  the  letter  to   Hyam  and   Bevan,   agents  of  Thomas   Hospital 
and  Richard  Penn,  and  it  shows  how  desirous  the  Managers  were  to   ''°"*'  ^''^  ' 
build   the  Hospital  on  land    owned   by  the   contributors  ;  but  at  that 
time,  owing  to  the  want  of  funds,  this  was  not    possible.      Realizing 
that  the  money  then  at  command  was  not  sufficient  to   warrant  them 
in  beginning  to  build,  and  knowing  so  well  the   number  in   the  com- 
munity of  sick  poor  needing    immediate  attention,   it  was  agreed  to 
begin  operations  in  a  private  house  without  waiting  until    a  lot  could 
be  secured  and  the  Hospital  erected.     For  this  purpose,  at  a  meeting 
oil   September   5,   again    held    at    Widow    Pratt's    Royal    Standard 
Tavern,    "  the    President,  and   Dr.  Thomas   Bond    are    requested  to 

27 


consider  of  some  method  to  begin  tiie  Hospital  in  a  Private  House,  so 
as  to  accommodate  a  few  patients  in  order  that   at   least   some  good 
might  be  doing,  in  the  mean  time  till  the  Hospital  is  built." 
On  October  12,  1751,  this  committee  re|)orted  : 
Judge  Kin-  That  the  house  late  of  John   Kinsey,   Esq.,  deceased,    with  gardens,  pasture, 

sev's Mansion    stable,  etc.,  was  very  suitable  and  could  be  obtained  for  the  purpose:  whereupon 
Hired  as  a    ''  "'•''^  agreed  that  the  Managers  should  meet  there  on  second  day  morning  next. 
Hospital,    at  ten  o'clock  to  view  the  same  and  consider  what  repairs   it    would    require  and 
what  Proposals  to  make  to  the  administrators  of  that  estate.' 

After  meeting  on  the  apjjointed  day,  it  was  agreed — 
To  talce  the  said  house  and  apurttnances  at  P'orty  pounds  per  annum  and 
to  lay  out  in  Repairs  the  sum  of  Twenty-Five  pounds,  or  if  less  be  laid  out,  the 
deficiency  to  be  paid  in  money  ;  tlie  Rent  to  commence  as  soon  as  the  Mouse  is 
fitted  ;  and  the  Term  to  be  Eighteen  Months  certain,  and  if  the  Managers  should 
desire  to  continue  longer  the  Administrators  agree  to  use  their  interest  that  it  may 
be  at  the  same  rent. 

While  repairs  ])rogressed,  no  time  was  lost  in  preparing  and  pro- 
viding everything  which  would  be  required  for  prospective  patients, 
"  Israel  Pemberton  and  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  were  desired  to  look  out  for 
a  suitable  matron  to  take  care  of  the  house  and  of  the  Sick  that  shall 
be  placed  there." 
Physicians'  "^^  "'-'•'''  important  matter  was  to  select  the  best  physicians  from 

Services  among  those  that  could  be  had  who  were  willing  to  serve  on  the 
Secured.  Hospital  staff  without  compensation.  Three  had  already  tendered 
their  services,  for  we  have  already  seen  that  on  October  23,  1751, 
"Dr.  Lloyd  Zachary  and  Drs.  Thomas  Bond  and  Phineas  Bond  signified 
their  willingness  ;  to  give  their  attendance  Gratis  in  taking  care  of 
the  sick  as  Physicians  and  Surgeons  for  the  First  three  years."  The 
President,  by  resolution,  was  desired  to  "give  them  the  thanks  of 
the  Board  for  their  generous  offer  and  to  request  Drs.  Graeme, 
Cadwalader,  Moore,  and  Redman  to  assist  in  consultations  on 
extraordinary  cases." 

A  curious  resolution  was  adopted  at   this  meeting,  which  shows 
the  characteristic  ])rudence  of  the  Managers,  but  which  was  probably 
never  carried  into  effect  : 
Physicians  to  Resolvid,  that   the  Physicians   of  the    Hospital,  or  such  Practitioners  as  are 

give  i)roof  of  to  perform  Operations  shall  first  give  demonstration  of  their  Skill  and  Abilities 
skill,  etc.  in  .\natomy,  Operations,  Dressings,  and  Bandaging  before  the  Managers  and 
such  others  as  the  Managers  may  think  fit  to  join  with  themselves  to  assist  in 
judging  of  the  performance  of  such  Practitioners.  That  this  resolve  be  recom- 
mended to  the  first  General  Meeting  of  the  Contributors  to  be  p.assed  into  a  law 
as  a  matter  of  the  highest  consequence  for  the  safety  of  the  Poor  Patients  and  the 
Reputation  of  the  Hospital. 


'Judge  John  Kinscy's  Mansion  was  on  the  somh  side  of  Market  Street  below  Seventh  (High 
Street,  No.  172,  in  i8it). 


28 


On  January  2,  1752,  the  Committee  entrusted  with  the  prepara- 
tion of  a  draft  of  a  Law  to  appoint  and  limit  the  power  and  duty  of 
the  Managers,  etc.,  presented  the  same.  This  was  agreed  to,  by  the 
Contributors,  at  a  special  meeting,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following 

resolution  :  — 

The  Contributors,  having  been  duly  notified,  assembled  on  the  13th  of  January  Law  regula- 

at  the  Court  House  and  adopted  the  following :  ling  Election 

A  Law  for  Regulating  the  Elections  of  the  Managers  and  Treasirer  of  Managers, 

OF  THE  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  Declaring  their  Trust,  Dltv,  etc. 

AND    ,'\rTHORITY. 

WHEREAS,  by  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, entitled  "an    .'\ct   to   encourage   the    Establishing    of  an    Hospital  for  the 


■/ 


/.y/n/  ■■■:■■  '  '■ ,  <xv;.-'X 


/////■/i,i.. 


^.-ntdi- 'ty''//mX^^,.„.^_^~^ 


/..'-■/y: 


":-^-\ 


\ 


"A 


\ 


29 


Relief  of  llio  Sick  Poor  of  this  Province,  and  for  the  Reception  &  Cure  of 
Lunalicks,"  the  Contrihiitors  to  the  said  Hospital  are  made  a  Body  corporate, 
and  impowered  to  meet,  and  to  make  such  Laws,  Rules,  iSc  Orders,  as  shall 
appear  to  them  the  said  Contributors  met,  or  the  major  Part  of  them,  to  be  good, 
usoful  and  necessary,  for  the  well  govcrninR  and  regulating  of  the  said  Hospital, 
and  for  the  Regulation  of  the  Elections  of  Managers,  a  Treasurer  and  other 
necessary  officers  and  Ministers  thereof,  and  for  Limiting  and  Appointing  their 
Number,  Trust  and  Authority. 

AND  WHKRKAS  in  pursuance  of  the  said  Law,  the  Contributors  have  met,  and 
have  chosen  Twelve  Managers  and  a  Treasurer,  which  Treasurer  hath  received 
considerable  Sums  of  Money  for  the  Use  of  the  said  Hospital,  and  it  is  now  become 
necessary  for  the  more  orderly  Disposition  and  Application  of  the  said  Monies, 
and  of  such  Sums  as  may  hereafter  be  received,  and  for  the  more  sure  Direction 
of  the  Managers  and  Treasurer  therein,  to  declare  and  Ap|)oint  their  Trust, 
Authority  antl  Duty  : 

THERKFORI-:  IT  IS  ENACTED  by  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospilal,  in  General  Meeting  duly  Assembled,  That  the  Managers  of  the  said 
Hospital  for  the  time  being,  shall  have  the  Power  of  Disposing  of  all  Monies  paid 
to  the  Treasurer  for  the  Building,  Furnishing,  Support,  Use  and  Service  of  the 
Hosjiital,  and  for  the  hiring  and  Furnishing  a  House  or  Houses  for  the  Reception 
of  Patients  until  the  s.iid  Hospital  shall  l>e  built,  under  the  Limitations  and 
Restrictions  of  the  before-mentioned  Act  of  Assembly.  And  the  said  Managers 
shall  likewise  have  the  Power  to  direct  the  Manner  and  Terms  of  Receiving  and 
Discharging  of  Patients.  And  all  Oliicers  and  Servants  belonging  to  the  Hospital, 
other  than  the  Treasurer,  shall  be  in  the  Choice,  and  under  the  Direction  of  the 
Managers,  who  shall  allow  and  order  their  respective  Salaries  and  may  displace 
them  and  appoint  others  as  often  as  they  shall  think  fit.  And  the  said  Managers 
shall  have  the  Power  of  calling  General  Meetings  of  the  Contributors,  as  often  as 
they  judge  it  necessary  for  the  Service  and  Advantage  of  the  Hospital  and  shall 
cause  due  and  iiublick  Notice  to  be  given  of  the  Time,  Place,  and  Design  or 
Purpose  of  such  occasional  Meeting,  at  least  Ten  Days  before  the  same  is  to  be 
held,  and  shall  nominate  some  discreet  Member  to  preside  therein  and  regulate 
the  Debates  thereof  And  the  said  JL'inagers  shall  have  the  Keeping,  and  Power 
of  Affi.\ing  the  Seal  of  the  Corporation,  which  Seal  shall  be  made  nearly  agreeable 
to  the  Form  or  Draft  hereunto  annexed.  And  they  shall  settle  the  Accounts  with 
the  Treasurer  from  Time  to  Time  ;  and  take  Care  that  all  Laws,  Rules  and  Orders 
made  by  the  Contributors  and  legally  approved,  be  duly  and  faithfully  executed  : 
For  all  which,  or  any  other  Services  relating  to  the  Hospital,  they  shall  not  claim, 
receive  or  retain  any  Fee,  Gratuity  or  Reward  whatsoever. 

AND  for  the  more  orderly  E.xecution  of  their  Duty  and  Trust,  the  Managers 
are  hereby  required  to  meet  at  least  once  a  Month  at  the  Hosjiital,  or  some  other 
fit  Place  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  to  confer  and  conclude  concerning  the  Matters 
hereby  committed  to  them  :  And  shall  cause  fair  Minutes  of  their  Proceedings  to 
be  kept  by  their  Clerk  in  a  Book  to  be  provided  for  that  purpose.  In  every  of 
which  Meetings  of  the  Managers  aforesaid.  Eight  of  their  Number  met  shall  be 
a  Quorum,  capable  to  consult,  confer  and  conclude  of  and  upon  all  Matters 
appertaining  to  their  Trust,  according  to  the  aforesaid  Act  of  Assembly,  and  the 
Laws  of  this  Corporation  :  And  whatsoever  Seven  of  the  Number  so  met  shall  so 
conclude,  shall  be  deemed  and  taken  for  and  as  the  Resolution  of  the  Managers 
for  the  Time,  and  accordingly  entered  in  their  Minutes.  To  which  Minutes,  and 
also  to  the  Treasurer's  Accounts,  all  Persons  concerned  shall  have  free  Recourse 
at  all  seasonable  Times. 

30 


AND  IT  IS  FURTH  ER  ENACTED  by  the  Contributors  aforesaid,  that  every 
Treasurer  hereafter  chosen,  shall,  before  he  take  upon  himself  the  Execution  of 
his  Office,  enter  into  an  Obligation  with  one  sufficient  Surety,  in  double  the 
Value  that  doth  or  probably  may  come  to  his  Hands  durmg  the  Continuance  of 
his  Office,  as  near  as  can  be  estimated  by  the  Managers,  unto  the  Contributors  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Conditioned,  that  he  will  once  in  Three  Months,  or 
•oftener  if  required,  render  his  Accounts  to  the  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital, 
and  well  and  truly  account,  adjust  and  settle  with  them  when  required,  for  and 
concerning  all  Monies  that  are  or  shall  come  into  his  Hands  belonging  to  the  said 
Contributors,  and  pay  the  Ballance  that  shall  appear  on  such  settlement  to  be  in 
his  Hands,  unto  such  Person,  or  for  such  Service  as  a  Board  of  Managers  for  the 
time  being  shall  order  cSc  appoint,  and  not  otherwise;  and  that  he  will  at  the 
Expiration  of  his  Office  well  and  truly  deliver  up  and  pay  the  Ballance  of  the 
Monies  then  remaining  in  his  Hands,  together  with  the  Books  of  Accounts 
<:oncerning  the  same,  and  other  the  Papers  and  Writings  in  his  Keeping  belong- 
ing to  the  Contributors,  unto  his  Successor  in  the  said  Office,  and  that  he  will 
do  &  Execute  all  other  Things  as  Treasurer  to  the  Contributors  aforesaid, 
according  to  the  true  Sense  and  Meaning  of  this  Law.  And  he  is  hereby  author- 
ized immediately  upon  entering  into  his  Office,  to  demand  and  receive  of  the 
Preceding  Treasurer,  his  Heirs,  Executors  or  Administrators,  tlie  Cash,  Books  of 
Accounts,  Writings  &  other  Effects  belonging  to  the  Corporation,  giving  his 
Receipt  for  the  same. 

AND  for  the  more  regular  and  satisfactory  Conducting  of  future  Elections, 
and  the  Preventing  of  Disputes  and  Misunderstandings  among  the  Contributors 
concerning  the  same,  IT  IS  HEREBY  FURTHER  ENACTED,  That  the  Place 
and  Hour  of  the  Elections  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Managers  of  the  Current 
Year,  and  notified  by  their  Clerk  at  least  Twenty  Days  before  the  Election,  by 
printed  Advertisement.  And  the  said  Managers  shall  and  are  hereby  required 
and  impowered  to  nominate  three  discreet  Members  of  this  Corporation  to 
inspect  and  judge  of  the  said  Election,  and  declare  who  are  the  Persons  elected, 
and  the  Managers  shall  cause  their  Clerk  to  enter  in  their  Book  of  Minutes  the 
Names  of  the  Persons  elected,  according  to  the  Tickets. 

AND  if  any  Person  elected  Manager  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  act,  or  shall  be 
absent  from  three  successive  Monthly  Meetings  of  the  Managers,  in  any  of  the 
first  Ten  months  of  the  year  for  which  he  shall  be  elected  Manager  ;  or  if  within 
the  same  Year  or  Term  of  his  Office  he  shall  be  Confined  by  Sickness,  or  other- 
wise rendered  incapable  of  executing  the  Office  of  a  Manager  according  to  tlie 
true  Meaning  of  this  Law,  or  shall  die,  the  rest  of  the  Managers  as  often  as 
Occasion  shall  require  in  any  of  the  Cases  aforesaid,  shall  proceed  in  their  Duty 
and  Oflice  without  him,  or,  if  they  think  fit,  they  shall  nominate  another  of  the 
Contributors  to  supply  his  Place  as  Manager,  until  the  then  next  ensuing 
Election 

AND  if  any  Person  so  elected  Treasurer  shall  .ibsent  himself  from  his  said  OflSce 
for  the  Space  of  Thirty  Days,  or  shall  be  otherwise  rendered  uncapable,  or  neglect 
his  Oflice  or  Duty  of  Treasurer  ;  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  Managers  for 
the  time  being  to  displace  him  from  the  said  Oflice.  And  the  Managers  causing 
their  Clerk  to  make  a  Minute  for  the  purpose,  containing  their  Reasons  for 
Displacing  him,  he  shall  thereupon,  and  from  thenceforth,  cease  to  be  the 
Treasurer  aforesaid,  and  shall  upon  Notice  thereof,  adjust  and  settle  with  the 
Managers,  and  pay  and  deliver  the  Money,  Books,  Writings,  Accounts,  and  all 
other  Effects  whatsoever  in  his  Hands,  belonging  to  this  Corporation,  to  such 
Person  or  Persons  as  the  Managers  shall  order  and  appoint.     And  in  that  Case, 


and  so  often,  and  also  if  the  Treasurer  shall  depart  this  Life,  the  Managers  shall 
nominate  another  of  the  Members  of  this  Corporation,  but  not  of  their  own 
number,  to  be  Treasurer  until  the  nejt  Meeting  for  the  annual  Election,  or  other 
General  Mceling  of  the  Contributors. 

PROVIDKD  ALWAYS,  any  thing  herein  contained  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
standing, That  before  the  Managers  for  the  time  being,  proceed  to  erect  any 
Building  for  the  said  Hospital,  a  Plan  of  such  proposed  Building,  with  an 
Estimation  of  the  Expense,  shall  be  prepared  and  laid  before  a  General  Meeting 
of  the  Contributors,  for  their  Consideration ;  and  their  approbation  shall  be 
obtained  before  the  same  is  carried  into  Execution. 

Signed  by  Order  of  a  General  Meeting  of  the  Contributors. 

Joshua  Crosby,  President. 

The  following  endorsement  appears  on  the  above  inslniment : 

Jan'y  17,  1752,  The  above  Bill  was  read  three  Times  at  a  General  Meeting  of 
the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  passed  by  a  very  great 
majority.  B.  Franklin,  Clerk. 

WE  approve  this  Law. 

Will:  Allen  Chief  Jusiiee. 

Isaac  Norris  Speaker  of  Ihc  Assembly. 

Tench  Francis  .///.  Gcn'l. 

Rules  for  February  6,  1752,  the  Laws  and  Rules  regulating  the  admission 

Admission  of   Patients  having  received   the  approbation  of  the  Chief  Justice 

of  Patients.   ,vere  also  ordered  to  be  recorded   in  the  minutes  of  the  Hoard.     (See 

section  entitled  Patients.) 
Temporary  On    the  same  date,   the  wards    being    deemed    sufficiently   fur- 

Hospital   nished,  an  advertisement  was  inserted  in  the  "Gazette"  stating  that 
Opened,   ^j^^  Hospital  was  now  ready  to  receive  patients. 

On  February  10,  a  sjjecial  meeting  was  called  to  consider  the 
ajjplications  of  patients  for  admission  into  the  wards  for  treatment. 
The  consultants,  Doctors  Graeme,  Cadwalader,  Moore,  and  Redman, 
were  invited  to  meet  the  Managers  and  attending  physicians  of  the 
Hospital  to  assist  in  determining  the  most  deserving.  The  Overseers 
of  the  Poor  were  also  present  and  offered  a  number  of  sick  poor  for 
admission.  After  an  e.xamination,  the  physicians  reported  that 
Margaret  Sherlock's  disorder  was  relievableand  her  case  suitable  ;  she 
was  the  first  patient  received  and  also  the  first  one  cured.  Other 
cases  thought  relievable  were  postponed  to  a  more  favorable  season 
of  the  year.  Josiah  Barnet's  case  was  judged  relievable,  but  queried 
"  whether  within  the  Rules  of  the  Hospital."  Hannah  Shines,  the  first 
lunatic  ])atient,  was  admitted  on  the  poor  list.  Several  other  cases 
were  referred  to  a  committee  ai)pointed  to  meet  the  attending  physi- 
cians weekly,  whose  duty  it  was  to  be  pre.sent  at  the  Hospital  on  Mon- 
days and  Thursdays  of  every  week  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
Alice  Courtnet  was  engaged  as  a  maid  or  nurse  at  the  rate  of  Ten  pounds 
per  annum,  "she  was  to  be  considered  on   trial   for  one  month,    in 

32 


order  that  in  case  her  services  were  not  suitable  she  was  to  be  dis- 
charged, otherwise  kept  the  year." 

The  first  lunatic  pay-patient,  a  woman,  was  admitted  on  March  5, 
1752  : — her  son-in-law  agreeing  to  pay  Twenty  Pounds  per  annum,  in 
quarterly  payments,  for  her  board  and  care. 

The  fitting  up  of  the  (Market  Street)  Hospital,  cost  more  than  Dfhtincurred 
had  been  anticipated  and  necessitated  a  debt  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  '"  fumisliinj; 
pounds,  over  and  above  the  available  funds  accruing  from  interest  on 
capital.  It  was  agreed  that  the  deficit  should  be  borrowed  from  the  one 
thousand  pounds  given  by  the  Assembly,  and  that  the  same  be  replaced 
as  soon  as  it  can  he  spared  out  of  the  interest  of  the  remainder  of  the 
capital  stock. 

August  20,  1752,  the  second   instalment  of  ^1000,  voted  by  the   Remainder  of 
Assembly,  was  paid,  and  it  was  decided  to  loan  this  amount,  also,  at   appropriation 

•    1         1       ii.         1       i  i  'i  received  and 

interest  with  real  estate  security.  , 

invested. 

As  an  example  of  economy,  this  item  is  worth  recording:  C'n 
November  the  2d  "  the  roof  of  the  south  side  of  the  Hospital 
being  much  out  of  repair,"  it  was  agreed  that  "it  be  covered  with 
cedar  boards,  reserving  the  right  and  privilege  of  removing  them 
upon  giving  up  the  house." 

On  September  29,  1753,  James  Kinsey  agreed   to  let  the  house    Kinsey  Man- 
now  used  for  the  Hospital  and  Land  thereunto  belonging,  for  the  term   ^'°"  '^S'"" 
of  Three  Years  at  38  pounds,  10  shillings  per  annum. 

In  the  early  Hospital  days,  after  patients  had  been  cured  and  dis-    Patients  re- 
charged,  it    appears   that   sometimes   they  returned  to  express  their   turn  thanks, 
,,  .  ^    ,  ..,.,,  ,/-x       -Tid  make 

thanks ;  no  mention  01  the  custom  is  found  m  the  later  records.     On    ,„„.rii,u,| 

November  17,  1753,  ^  patient  returned  and  gave  thanks  for  the  benefit 
he  had  received  and  offered  his  promissory  Note  for  Three  Pounds, 
Ten  Shillings,  as  a  substantial  token  of  his  gratitude,  which  was  duly 
acknowledged. 

The  Managers,  probably  at  the  suggestion  of  Franklin,  realized    Patients  to  be 
that  the  inmates  of  the  Hospital  who  were  able  to  perform  some  light   employed, 
manual   labor,   should   be    emjiloyed,    if  only    to    keep    them  out  of 
mischief;    so    they    were   provided    with    large   and    small    spinning 
wheels,  and  two  pair  of  cards,  with  some  wool  and  flax,   "  to  employ 
such  Persons  as  may  be  capable  of  using  the  same." 

Thomas  Bond  and  Benjamin  Franklin,  at  a  meeting  held  July  12,  official  .Seal. 
1751,  had  been  appointed  a  Committee  to  prepare  a  seal  for  the 
corporation.  In  order  to  secure  a  creditable  work  of  art,  Franklin 
wrote  to  Boston  to  have  designs  for  a  seal  prc|)ared.  Subsequently  he 
submitted,  for  the  inspection  of  the  Managers,  four  different  draughts 
of  the  Good  Samaritan,  proper  for  a  Seal,  which  had  been  sent  by  the 

33 


for  Seal. 


Kngraver.     After  some  slight  alterations  made  by  the  Hoard,  one  was 
selected  and  approved. 

The  seal,  made  of  silver,  was  not  received  until  February,  1754.  It 
was  circular  and  two  inches  in  diameter.  The  device  was  the  Good 
Samaritan  taking  charge  of  the  sick  man,  and  delivering  him  to  (he 
inn-keeper,  with  the  inscription  beneath  : — Take  care  oi-  him,  and  I 
WILL  KEi'AV  THEE.  The  name  of  the  artist  or  engraver  dofs  not  appear 
on  the  records  of  the  Hospital.  This  seal  was  destroyed  (being  worn 
out)  in  June,  1833,  and  the  one  at  present  in  use,  of  exactly  the  same 
design    and   proportions,  but    made  of  steel,  w.\s   substituted.     The 


Seiil  of  rcnii>\  h  aiiia   Hospital. 


second  one  was  engraved  by  Christian  Gobrecht  of  Philadelphia  ;  a 
native  of  Hanover,  York  county,  Pennsylvania. 

Believing  that  benefit  would  accrue  from  the  circnlation  of  a 
brief  accoimt  of  the  Hosjiital,  Franklin  was  requested  to  prepare  such 
a  history. 

On  May  2S,  1754,  Franklin  presented  his  manuscript,  "  Some 
Accoimt  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  its  First  Beginning  to  the 
Historyof  Fifth  Month,  called  May,  1754."  It  was  ordered  that  the  Clerk, 
tiie  Hospital,  j^i^^,  Smith,  get  Fifteen  hundred  copies  printed,  in  Quarto,  and,  on  July 
27,  he  reported  that  he  had  had  the  account  of  the  Hospital  jirinted. 
The  Board  ()revioiisly  (May  28)  had  desired  the  President  with  two  other 
Managers  to  "wait  upon  the  Governor,  James  Hamilton,  and  acquaint 


Franklin 
writes  a 


34 


him  with  our  design  of  publishing  the  account  together  with  a  list  ot" 

subscribers,  and  with  our  desire  of  having  his  name  added  to  said  list." 

The  result  of  this  interview  with  the  Governor  is  briefly  recorded. 

The  gentlemen  appointed  to  call  upon   the  Governor  reported,  June 

29,  1754,  that  they  had  waited  upon  him  and  delivered  the  message  of 

the  Board  to  him,  but  without  the  desired  success. 

February  23,  1754,  the  accounts  were  jjresented  to  the  Assembly,    Accounts 

by  Franklin.      Soon  afterwards,   Mahlon  Kirkbride  with  others  who   'submitted  to 

Assembly, 
were  appointed  a  committee,   visited   the   Hospital;    they    declared 

themselves  "  well  satisfied  and  pleased  with  what  they  had  seen,"  and 

reported  to  that  effect  to  the  Assembly. 

At  a  meeting  held  August  14,  1754,  a  report  was  made  by  several   .\  Method  for 
Managers  who  had  been  endeavoring    to    raise    money,   showing  the  soliciting  sub- 
advantage  of  systematic  effort.      It  was  stated   that  several  subscrip-   ■'^'^'■'f.^'°"^- 
tions  had  been  obtained    since    the  last   meeting,    which,  with  those 
previously  received,  was  the  result  of    the  adoption  of    "A  method 
of  soliciting  sundry  inhabitants  of  the  City  and  County  for  subscrip- 
tions;"  it  was   agreed    to    be  very  careful    in    asking   others      This 
method  provided  against  an  unpleasant    coincidence    in   solicitation. 
Many  subscriptions  were  now  secured  which  formerly  might  have  been 
lost ;  as  persons  were  likely  to  be  annoyed   or  angered   by  repeated 
requests  for  donations,  especially  when  coming   from  more   tlian  one 
person. 

Sufficient  funds  having  at  length  been  accumulated  to  warrant  Pine  Street 
the  Managers  taking  up  the  project  of  building  a  Hospital,  an  effort  Hospital- 
was  again  made  to  secure  a  suitable  lot  of  ground,   but   this   time  the   „      .       ", 

°  "  '  Constructed. 

Managers  appealed  to  the  public  instead  of  to  the  Proprietaries  and 
with  much  better  success.  Franklin  gives  the  following  interesting 
account  of  the  early  efforts  of  the  Managers  to  secure  the  means  to 
buy  the  ground  for  the  erection  "of  a  proper  building  10  accommo- 
date the  sick  and  injured  and  the  lunaticks,"  under  their  care. 
In  his  "  Brief  .\ccount  "  (page  42)  appears  the  following  : 

When  the  Nature  of  this  charitable  Design   became  known  to  the  generous    Franklins 
Pennsylvanians,  considerable  Sums  were  soon  added  to  the  Stock,  particularly  by    "  Brief 
the  Citizens  of  Philadelphia,  wliere   few  of  the  Wealthy,    or   those  of  a  middling    Account." 
Rank,  failed  of  contributing  according  to  their  Circumstances:  Some  Benelactions 
were  also  obtained  from   London,    and   some    Parts  of  the   West    Indies,    which 
encouraged  the  Managers  to  attempt  the  important  Task  of  Building  ;  a  Task  the 
more  dinicult,  as  they  were  not  authorized  (for  good  Reasons!   to  apply  any  Part 
of  the  Capital  Stock  to  that  Purpose  ;  the  Sum  of  Monev  given  by  the  -Assembly  ncil 
being  half  sutTicient,  and  the  certain  Prospect  of  a  War  in  America,  while  it  was 
like  to  increase  the  Occasion,  lessened  the  Expectation  of  any  further  .Assistance 
from  them.     Nevertheless,  confiding  in  the  same  Divine   Providence,    which    had 
hitherto  blessed  their  pious  Endeavours  beyond  their   most  sanguine  Hopes,  for 

35 


Ground 
purchased. 


Assistance  to  purforni  tlmt  Work,  which  was  now  round  necessary,  not  only  from 
the  Increase  of  the  Number  of  Patients,  but  the  Want  of  Conveniences,  which  no 
private  House  in  the  City  could  furnish  them  with,  they  again  sought  for  a  suitable 
Spot  of  Ciround  to  erect  an  I  lospital  on  ;  and,  after  various  Enquiries  and  Consulta- 
tions, had  the  Satisfaction  to  purchase,  on  moderate  Terms,  the  I-ot  which  of  all  in 
or  near  the  City,  was  judged  the  most  proper  for  such  a  Design  :  It  is  bounded 
on  three  Streets,  the  south  front  396  1-cct,  and  contains  between  three  and  four 
Acres  of  Ground.  (Our  Proprietaries  are  Owners  of  near  one  Acre  on  the  North, 
which,  if  obtained,  will  compleat  the  S(iuare,  and  the  Prospects  of  four  Fronts 
open  to  so  many  Streets,  encompassing  the  whole  Piece  of  Land,  would  then  be 
secure. ) 

On  Sciitcnibcr  11,  1754,  ilic  owners,  wlio  liad  demanded  ^600, 
made  a  reduction  of  ^100,  and  the  Managers  accordingly  ptirchased 
the  desired  lot  of  ground.  The  I'cnns,  later,  (by  a  jiatent  dated 
November  10,  1767),  donated  the  adjoining  strip  of  ground  on  Spruce 
Street,  which  gave  the  Hos])ital  the  entire  sqtiare  between  Sprtiee  and 
I'ine  and  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets,  the  area  of  the  sipiare  included 
being  about  four  and  three-tenths  acres. 


Plan  <>i 

Hospital 

presented. 


This  purciiase  being  made,  a  coin|)lele  plan  of  the  buildings  was 
directed  to  be  so  prepared,  that  a  part  might  be  erected,  which  could 
be  occupied  the  ensuing  season.  Samuel  Rhodes,  one  of  the  Man- 
agers, was  very  zealous  in  the  work  and,  after  consulting  the  physicians 
in  regard  to  the  situation  of  the  cells  and  other  conveniences,  he 
presented  a  design  of  the  v/hole  building,  in  such  form,  that  one  third 


.36 


might  first  alone  be  erected  with  tolerable  symmetry  ;  and  containing, 
independently  of  the  other  parts,  all  accommodations  requisite  and 
suitable  for  the  present  purposes  and  needs. 

At  the  meeting  held  January  25,  1755,  this  plan  of  the  entire 
building  was  presented  and  discussed,  and  a  fair  draught  of  the  Eastern 
Wing  and  Ward,  with  an  estimation  of  its  cost,  was  directed  to  be 
made,  "  in  order  that  we  may  advertise  the  Contributors  of  the  design, 
and  obtain  their  assent  to  jjroceed  in  building  early  the  ensuing 
spring." 

The  Contributors  were  summoned  to  meet  January  10.  1755,  at 
the  Court  House,  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  "  to  consider  the 
plan  of  the  proposed  building  for  the  Hos[)ital  and  an  Estimation  of 
the  Expense  then  to  be  laid  before  them." 

On  March  loth,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Contributors,  at  the  Court    fla"  for 
House,  a   working   plan    of    the    new   building    was    i^resented,    the   East  Wing 

3I)IJrOVt'Q 

estimate  submitted  for  completing  one  wing  being  about  Three 
thousand  Pounds.  After  due  consideration,  this  plan  and  estimate 
were  unanimously  approved  and  the  Managers  "were  desired  to 
proceed  in  getting  the  said  eastern  part  built  with  what  expedition 
they  conveniently  can." 

Manager  Rhoads  was  appointed  to  supervise  the  work,  provide 
materials,  amd  make  agreements  with  workmen,  etc.  A  building 
committee  was  appointed  to  advise  and  assist  therein,  as  occasion 
might  require.  The  Committee  carefully  husbanded  its  resources 
and  conscientiously  adopted  the  most  economical  methods  of  carrying 
on  the  work,  and  it  was  also  quite  successful  in  collecting  funds  for 
the  building.  By  soliciting  contributions  from  all  persons  engaged  Efficient 
in  the  work,  they  secured  from  most  of  those  from  whom  materials  Business 
were  purchased,  either  a  large  proportion  of  what  they  furnished,  or 
a  substantial  reduction  in  their  accounts.  Their  purchases  were  also 
distrilnited  among  the  dealers  so  as  to  interest  as  many  as  possible 
and  in  order  to  obtain  contributions  from  a  larger  number.  So 
diligent  were  they  in  their  apjjlications,  that  scarcely  a  tradesman  was 
patronized,  or  even  a  workman  employed,  without  his  first  pledging 
a  donation  or  a  discount,  or  inducing  him  to  become  a  contributor. 
By  systematically  pursuing  methods  such  as  these  the  Managers  were 
successful  in  engaging  the  sympathy  and  support  of  almost  the 
entire  community  for  this  charitable  enterprise. 

The  approved  plan  of  the  new  building  is  seen  in  the  accom- 
panying illustration  on  the  preceding  page. 

In  the  complete  design  as  exhibited,  the  ground  plan  was  that 
of  a  centre  structure  of  sixty-two  feet  front,  its  roof  elevated   above 

37 


Management. 


thf  uvo  lateral  imildings,  (the  east  and  west  wings),  and  projecting  be- 

Piaii  of  yond  them  a  sufficient  distance  to  accommodate  a  balcony  intended  to 

Hospital    jjg  placed  on   the  south  front  of  each  of  the  wards.     The  buildings 

fronted  south,  the  principal  entrance  with  a  flight  of  marble  steps, 

leading  to  a  double  door,  being  in  the  centre  of  the  administration 

building  facing  Pine  Street.     The  interior  arrangement  was  briefly  as 

follows  :    The  ajiartments   for   the  steward,  matron,  apothecary,  the 

offices,  parlor,  library,  drugshop,  and  a  hall  with  a  large  stair-case 

leading    to    the    upjjer   wards,   and    many  other   conveniences,   were 

Centre  provided  in  the  first  floor  of  the  three  storied  central  building.     In 
Building.      ,      ,  ,  ,  .     ,  j,     j-    •  j  i 

the  l>asement  was  a  large  kitchen,  steward  s  dining-room,  and  matron  s 

room.      Directly  adjoining  this,  on  the  east  and  west,  were  two  wings, 

each  of  which   was  eighty  feet  front,  twenty-seven  feet  deep.     These 

also  had  three  stories,  but  with  lower  ceilings,  so  that  they  were  less 

high  than  the  administration   building,  which   was   made  stdl    more 

conspicuous  by  being  surmounted  by  a  tower  for  observation. 

Lateral,  or  In  the  first  story  or  ground  floor  of  each  lateral  wing  were  the 

East  and   cells  for  lunatics.     A  gallery  ran  the  whole  length  of  eighty  feet  down 

inRs.    ^^^  centre,  for  such  jiatients  as  could  be  trusted  to  walk  about.     There 

was  also  a  ]jlace  for  bathing,  latrines,  etc.     The  second  story  was  the 

men's  ward  ;  it  had  four  open   fireplaces,  and  was  also  supplied  with 

ventilators  to  carry  off   the  foul  air.       The  third  story  was  like  the 

second    but  intended  to  be  devoted  to  the  care  of  the  women  patients 

only.     The  upper  floor  or  garret  was  intended  for  servants.     It  was 

also  to  be  utilized  for  cases  needing  isolation  and  was  for  the  use  of 

either  sex. 

_  ,  The  plan  also  ijrovided   two   terminal   wings,  each   twtntv-seven 

Wings,    f^eet   wide,    and  extending    in    length,    north    and    south,  no    feet, 

built  at  a  right  angle   to  each   of  the  lateral  wards,  and  connected 

with   them,   as  will   be  seen   in   the  plan. 

In  the  middle  of  each  terminal  north  and  south  wing,  opposite 
the  wards,  there  was  a  hall  on  each  floor  twenty-eight  feet  s^juare 
(including  a  stair-case).  The  roofs  ])rojected  beyond  the  other  wings 
sufficiently  to  cover  their  cornices.  They  also  were  to  be  raised  one 
storv  above  the  lateral  wards,  and  were  surmounted  with  a  balustrade 
around  the  top,  and  a  cupola.  This  was  not  intended  merely  as 
ornament,  but  to  arford  a  secure  and  convenient  way  out  in  case  of  fire. 

The  whole  extent  of  the  building  from  east  to  west  was  276  feet. 
The  north  and  south  fronts  were  to  be  nearly  alike.  By  having 
the  terminal  wings  run  lengthwise  across  the  wards,  both  convenience 
and  looks  were  consulted,  and  it  was  hoped  that  "the  east  and 
west  fronts  will  make  an  agreeable  appearance." 

38 


The  object  of  building  the  cross  wings  at  the  ends  of  the   lateral 
wings  was  stated  as  follows  : 

Besides  the  additional  rooms  for  cells,  private  apartments  for  such  patients  as 
may  be  improper  to  be  received  into  the  great  wards,  these  wings  will  also  aflord 
many  conveniences  for  the  family,  as  cellars,  store-rooms  for  provisions,  kitchens, 
laundry,  lodgings  for  servants,  etc. 

The  building  usually  known  and   herein   described   as   the   East 
Wing  was  completed  at  a  total  expense  of  ^2,927,  14s.  3/4d. 

The  part  of  the  Hosjjital  buildings  first  erected  was  the  east  East  Wing 
wing,  exactly  as  now  standing,  about  midway  between  Spruce  and  '^"'"P'^'^'*- 
Pine  Streets,  facing  Eighth  Street.  On  the  2Sth  of  May,  1755,  'he 
President,  Joshua  Crosby,  attended  by  all  the  Managers,  the  physicians, 
and  many  contributors,  by  previous  appointment,  marched  in  a  body 
from  the  Hospital  on  Market  Street,  accompanied  by  a  select  con- 
course of  citizens,  to  the  grounds,  where  a  large  crowd  had  assembled. 


The  Corner  Stone  in  1S94, 

The  [jublic  schoolsof  the  city  had  been  dismissed,  and  all  thechildren 
of  an  age  suitable  to  recollect  the  fact  had  been  invited  to  attend  to 
witness  the  ceremony.  An  invitation  was  also  sent  to  John  Key,  the 
fir.-it  individual  born  in  the  Colony  in  1682,  after  the  arrival  of 
William  Penn,  to  he  present  on  this  occasion.  He  accepted  the 
invitation  and  assisted  in  the  ceremonies. 

The  corner-stone  was  a  large  piece  of  white  marble,   which  was   Cornerstone, 
deposited  with  due  formality  and  with  Masonic  rites,  in  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  foundation.     It  contains  the  following  inscription,  which 
had  been  written  bv  Franklin  : 


,v; 


IN  THE  YEAR  OF  CHRIST 
Inscription  MDCCLV. 

on  llie  Corner  GEORGE  THE  SECOND  HAI'IMLY  REIGNING 

Sloni-.  <FOR  HE  SOUCJHT  THE  HAPPINESS  OK  HIS  PEOPLE) 

PHILADELPHIA  ELOURISHING 

(FOR  ITS  INHAHITANTS  WERE  PrUl.ICK  SPIRITED) 

THIS  mil.DINf; 

BY  THE  BOUNTY  OK  THE  GOVERNMENT, 

AND  OK  MANY  PRIVATE  PERSONS. 

WAS  PIOUSLY  KOUNDED 

FOR  THE  RELIEF  OK  THE  SICK  AND  MISERABLE; 

MAY  THE  GOD  OK  MERCIES 

BLESS  THE  UNDERTAKING. 

The  stone  lias  survived   ihe  vicissitudes  of  the   weather  and   the 
above  inscription  is  still  c|uite  legible. 

The    building  was  so   far  com|)leted   that   the   roof   was   raised 
October  27,  1755  ;  and  the  rooms  were  directed  to  be  at  once  made 
ready  for  use. 
Fir>i  'I'he  first  regular  meeting  of  the  Managers  to  inspect  the  Hospital 

.  cetniH:  111   ^^.^  Y^^^^  ^^  December  27th  of  the  same  year. 

Hospit.Tl 

The  Hospital,  before  the  building  ot  the  East  Wing  was  completed, 
suffered    a  serious  loss  in  the  death,  on  June  27,  1755.  of  the  venerable 
President  Joshua   Crosby.     In  addition   to  his  many  other  benefac- 
tions, he  left  a  legacy  of  ;^ioo  towards  the  building  fund. 
Kraiikliii  On  June  30,  1755,  Dr.  Franklin  was  unanimously  elected  Presi- 

ileciecl   jjgfit  of  ii^j;  Board,  to  succeed  Mr.  Crosby,  and  he  presided   at   the 

President.    ,.     ^  •        i_    u   ■      .1  1      i  i- 

first  meeting  held  in  the  new  building. 

Contributors  Early  in  1756,  the  building  was  sufficiently  finished  to  hold  the 


meet  in  the 
Hospital. 


annual  meeting  tinder  its  roof;   accordingly,  on  May  6th,  the  meeting 
of  the  Contributors  was  first  held  in  the  new  Hosi)ital,  and  since  that 
time  the  annual  meetings  have  been  regularly  held  in  the  same  place. 
Org.inizcuion  The    Managers    met    for    organization     immediately    after    the 

of  Board.    Contributors'   meeting   on    May   6th,  when    the    following   rule    was 
adopted  : 

Resolved  to  meet  at  the  Hospital  on  the  last  Monday  in  every  month  at 
5  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  till  the  end  of  the  Month  called  September,  and  at 
3  o'clock  during  the  remainder  of  the  year  ;  ench  member  is  to  pay  7s  6d  for  Total 
absence  and  one  shilling  for  not  coming  on  time,  and  for  each  hour's  absence  after 
the  fixed  time  si.\  pence  per  hour,  all  of  which  fines  to  be  disposed  of  as  the 
majority  may  direct ;  The  Town  Clock  or  when  that  does  not  strike,  the  watch  of 
the  oldest  person  present  to  be  the  standard  to  determine  the  time. 

The  same  resolution  had  been  in  force  during  the  year,  as  is  seen 
in  the  e.xtract  reproduced  from  the  minutes,  on  the  ne.xt  jiage. 

In  .\ugust,  1756,  the  Managers  hearing  of  the  e.vpected  arrival 
of   the  new   Lieutenant  Covernor,  Capt.  William  Denny,  concluded 

40 


"  tlijt   it  may    be   expedient    to   address  our   new  Governor  on   his 
arrival  ;"  and  it  was  agreed,  that  the  President  of  the  Board,  FJenjamin 


...L^  ^^^..  ■/,....  .j,j-r-.' r\  a    .._.      /.^    ^f}/.:^yAt 


^/  f^.  'i^J'L^  ^^jLi  ^,^^.,i_j?  ACr  f,^j:^% 


Franklin,  and  others,   should   prepare  a  formal  address.      A  record 
made  on  the  book  of  minutes,  September  i,  1756.  states  that : 

William  Denny,  Esq.,  having  lately  arrived  from  London,  to  succeed  Robert 
Hunter  Morris,   Esq.,  in  the  Government  of  this   Province,   the  Managers  and 
Treasurer   waited   upon   him,  on  the   First   of    Ninth    Month  witli  the   following 
Congratulatory  Address  : 
To  THE  Honourable  William  Dennv,  Esq..  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the 

Province  of  Pennsylvania,  etc. 

The  Address  of  the  Managers  and  Treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
May  it  please  Ike  Govcrrtor, 

The  Managers  of  the   Pennsylvania  Hospital   beg  leave  to  testify  the  Share    Greeting  of 
tliey  take  in  the  general  Joy,  on  his  Accession  to  the  Government  of  tliis  Province.    Managers  to 
Through  the  Favour  of  the  Government,  the  Contributors  to  our  Hospital  were    Gov.  Denny, 
incorporated  by  Law,  and  vested  with  the  Powers  and  Privileges  necessary  for  the 
well  ordering  as  well  as  increasing  this  extensive  Charity.     The  nistitution  has  ever 
since  nourished,  and  we  have  the  great  Satisfaction  to  find,  that  our  Care  and 
diligent  Endeavors  to  relieve  the  Miseries,  and  heal  the  Diseases  of  the  Poor,  have 
been  blessed  with  much  Success ;   and  that  our  Power  of  doing  Good  is  by  the 
Benefactions  of   well-disposed   Persons  daily  increasing.      While   this  right  Use 
continues  to  be  made  of  the  Privileges  granted  us,  we  hope  our  Corporation  will 
be  favoured  with  the  Governor's  Countenance  and  Protection ;  and  we  request 
he  would  accept  of  our  sincere  Wishes  for  his  Health,  Happiness  and  successful 
Administration. 

(Signed)         Benjamin  Franklin,  I'resideiil. 

'l"o  which  the  Governor  replied  : 

f7c;;//«'»;<'«,  The  Satisfaction  you  are  pleased  to  express  on  my  .Arrival,  lays 
me  un<ler  particular  Obligations  ;  and  your  good  Wishes  deserve  my  hearty 
Thanks.  I  am  glad  I  find  so  generous  and  humane  an  Institution  as  yours  is, 
managed  witli  so  much  Prudence,  supporteil  by  Laws  and  encouraged  by  Public 
and  private  Benefactions.  It  will  give  me  a  sincere  Pleasure,  to  contribute  all  the 
Means  in  my  Power  to  carry  on  this  Charity  in  the  most  extensive  Manner. 

41 


The  Hosjiital  now  bcinn  sufficiently  advanced,  it  was  con- 
Rcinosai  uf  sidered  desirable  to  have  patients  moved  to  their  new  quarters  as  soon 
Patients.  ^^  practicable,  although  the  building  was  still  far  from  finished.  This 
was  the  more  necessary,  since  the  Market  Street  house  had  by  this 
time  so  outgrown  its  capacity  that  the  demand  for  more  con>modious 
ipiarters  had  become  imperative.  The  Managers  also  decided  to  have 
the  accounts  of  the  Hospital  put  in  proper  shape  for  publication  and 
printed  and  circulated,  in  tiic  hope  of  gaining  new  contributors.  It 
was  deemed  advantageous  to  include  in  this  piil)lication  an  abstract  of 
the  cases,  with  the  names  of  the  patients,  and  also  the  names  of 
several  contributors  added  since  the  last  publication  had  been  laid 
before  the  Assembly.  This  work  was  directed  to  be  done  by  the 
Monthly  Committee,  aided  by  Benjamin  Franklin  and  Daniel 
Roberdeau.  Samuel  Rhoads  was  instructed  to  get  in  all  the  trades- 
men's bills  relating  to  the  new  Hospital,  in  order  that  the  Board  at 
its  next  meeting  might  audit  them  and  formulate  a  general  account  of 
the  cost. 

On  December  17,  1756,  all   the  patients  were  removed  from  the 

Temporary  Hospital  on  Market  Street  to  the  new  building  at  Pine 

Street,  and  the  first   new  ])atient  admitted  into  the  Hospital  was  on 

the  following  day. 

Franklin.  At  the  meeting  held    March   28,  1757,  the  following  minute  was 

Attorney  fur    made  : 

Hospital  in  -.,,      .        .  ,  ^    .       ,.         i    „      ■       •      r-        i  i-      i     ■  ■    »    j  r.       •      ■   i 

'  The  I  resident  of  the   Board,  Benjamin  Franklin,  being  appointed  Provincial 

Agent  to  England  and  is  about  to  sail  in   a  short  time,  he  is  requested  after  his 

arrival  there,  to  use  his  interest  in  Soliciting  Donations  to  the  Hospital  whenever 

he  may  have  a  Prospect  of  Success  therein,  and   Israel    Pemberton   and   Evan 

Morgan  are  desired  to  prepare  a  letter  to  Thomas  Hyam  and  Sylvanus  Bevan, 

desiring  their  Friendshi|)  in  Assisting  our  President  in  any  occasion  he  may  have 

of  Promoting  the  Interest  of  the  Hospital. 

The  object  of  making  this  request  of  Franklin  was  evidently  to 
invest  him  with  official  authority  so  that  he  might  legally  solicit  sub- 
scriptions and  transact  any  other  financial  business  which  might  be 
l)resented  for  consideration  :  this  letter  to  Hyam  and  Bevan  serving 
as  credentials  and  as  a  ])ower  of  attorney  in  any  emergency  requiring 
such  official  sanction  and  authorization. 

When  Franklin  sailed  on  his  first  mission  to  England,  in  1757, 
his  circle  of  correspondents,  both  business  and  scientific,  had  already 
become  widely  extended.  Among  his  European  friends  and  corre- 
spondents were  William  Strahan,  Lord  Karnes,  David  Hume,  Basker- 
ville  the  |)rinter,  Galloway,  Bartram,  Dubourg,  Benezet,  Joseph 
Priestly,  and  many  others.  'I'his  gave  him  a  large  field  of  acquaintance 
in  which  to  work  ifi  advancing  the  interests  of  the  Hospital. 

42 


On  December  29,  1760,  a  letter  was  written  to  Franklin  fur  some 
necessary  drugs  and  medicines,  and  he  was  aiso  asked  "  to  join  with 
some  others  of  our  fellow  citizens,  now  in  London,  in  soliciting  con- 
tributions on  behalf  of  the  Hospital  from  several  merchants  who, 
we  aiiprehend,  may  be  induced  to  encourage  the  progress  thereof." 

Instructions  were  also  written  to  Franklin,  while  in  London,  to 
procure  a  specimen  iron  bedstead  such  as  are  commonly  used  in  the 
hospitals  in  England. 

Franklin's  agency  and  missioTi  in  England  detained  him  for  five 
years,  but  it  finally  came  to  a  successful  conclusion  and  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia  November  i,  1762. 

In   October,  1757,   a   Committee  of    the    Assembly   visited    the   Visit  of  Com- 
Hospital  and  made  examination  into   the  condition    of  the  patients,    "utteeof 
and  the  general  state  of  its  finances,  and  "  they  were  pleased  to  express 
themselves    to    be    well  satisfied    with    the   order   and   management 
thereof." 

The  following  advertisement  appeared  in  the  "  Pennsylvania 
f  lazette  "  December  27,  1759  : 

For  THE  BENEFIT  of  the 

PENNSYLVANIA   HOSPITAL 

On  Friday,  the  28ih.  of  this  instant,  December,  at 

the  Theatre  on  SOCIETY  HILL  will  be  presented 

the  celebrated  TRAGEDY  of 

HAMLET,   PRINCE  OF   DENMARK. 

Tickets  will  be  sold  by  William  Dunlap,  William 

Bradford,  Thomas  Gordon  and  Evan  Morgan. 

As  the  money  originated  from  what  was  considered  such  an 
objectionable  source,  the  matter  gave  rise  to  some  discussion  as  to  the 
proper  course  to  be  pursued,  the  Managers  feeling  in  doubt  as  to  the 
propriety  of  receiving  it  under  the  circumstances  ;  yet  unwilling  to 
deprive  the  Hospital  of  it.  The  difficulty  was  finally  happily  adjusted, 
the  Managers  escaping  from  their  dilemma  in  quite  an  original  and 
ingenious  manner,  without  sacrificing  the  interests  of  the  Hospital, 
as  the  following  minute  will  show  : 

The  Board  being  informed  that  a  sum  of  Money  hath  been  lately  raised   for    Theatrical 
the  Benefit  of  the  Hospital,  by  a  Stage  Play  acted  near  this  City,  which  has  been    Uenefit. 
paid  into  the  Hands  of  the  Treasurer,  the  Matter  being  consider'd  &  most  of  the 
Managers   being  dissatisfied   therewith,    think   it   necessary   that   the   following 
information  should  be  published  in  the  next  "  Pennsylvania  Gazette,"  of  January 
loth,  viz.  ; 

"THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL 

Was  founded  in  the  Year  1751,  by  an  Act  of  the  .'\ssembly  of  this  Province,  by 
which  '  every  Person  contributing  Ten  Pounds,  or  upwards,  towards  founding 
the  said  Hospital,  is  qualified  annually  to  Choose  by  Ballot  twelve  Persons  of  their 
own  Number  to  he  the  Managers  of  the  said  Contributors,  &  one  other    Person  to 

43 


be  the  Treasurer  of  the  same,  who  arc  enjoined   to  apply  the  annu.il   hKimu-  m 

Kxplanatorv    '"'crest  of  the  said  Contribution  towards  the  Kntirlainment  and  Cure  of  such 

Statement  bv    Sick  and  distempered  I'oor,  as  shall,  from  time  to  time,  be  brought  or  placed  in 

Manancrs     ''"^  ^^'^  Hospital ;    and  have  no  Authority  given   them  to  refuse   any   Sums  of 

Money,  which  may  be  lawfully  contributed  thereti>.' 

This  account  of  the  founding  the  saiil  Hospital  and  of  the  Power  of  the 
Managers,  is  published  for  the  Information  of  such  Persons,  who  being  unac- 
quainted with  the  said  Law,  may  apprehend  the  Power  of  the  Managers  to  be 
more  extensive  than  it  is,  and  to  satisfy  such  that  they  are  not  authorized  to  direct 
the  Treasurer  to  refuse  the  Money  lately  raised  by  exhibiting  a  Stage  Play  near 
the  City,  which  was  done  without  the  Consent  of  the  said  Managers,  in  Conse- 
(|uence  of  the  Injunction  of  the  late  Governor  flenny,  at  the  Time  he  granted 
Liberty  to  the  Stage  Players  to  erect  the  Theatre  near  this  City. 
"  Published  by  Desire  of  the  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital." 

The  Hallam  Theatrical  Company,  of  London,  which  gave  the 
benefit,  relieved  the  conscientious  scruples  of  the  Managers  in  a 
delicate  and  graceful  manner,  by  placing  the  amount  realized  at  the 
benefit,  ;£4T,  2S  6d,  in  the  hands  of  Governor  Denny,  "by  whose 
order  through  Kvan  Morgan  it  was  paid  to  ye  hospital." 

It  is  not  surprising  that  the  Managers  were  loath  to  receive 
money  obtained  in  this  manner;  since  the  condition  of  the  publii- 
mind,  at  the  time,  was  greatly  excited  against  all  of  the  kinds  of  public 
amusements  then  in  vogue,  and  especially  against  theatrical  iierforui- 
ances.  Moreover,  the  Managers,  who  were  nearly  all  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  had  themselves  joined  with  other  citizens,  not 
long  before,  in  a  petition  for  an  injunction  against  the  erection  of  the 
theatre  on  Society  Hill. 
Overcrowded  Notwithstanding  the  increased  accommodations  which  had  been 

jjrovided  in  the  new  hospital,  it  was  soon  found  that  the  overcrowded 
condition  again  caused  serious  embarrassment.  It  was  quite  difficult 
to  reject  many  worthy  applicants,  who  were  daily  presenting  themselves 
for  admission.  Precautions  were  taken  to  admit  only  those  requiring 
immediate  and  urgent  attention,  but  in  spite  of  everything  the  wards 
were  usually  crowded  to  their  utmost  capacity.  The  Managers  were 
also  obliged  to  give  serious  consideration  to  the  problem  as  to  the 
best  means  to  i)ursue  to  meet  the  increased  expense  and  the  expected 
deficiency,  as  it  seemed  impossible  to  lessen  the  number  of  patients. 
They  accordingly  in  their  emergency,  decided  to  make  another 
attempt  to  increase  the  capital.  This,  however,  they  knew  to  be  no 
easy  matter.  Their  predicament  is  clearly  indicated  in  the  minutts 
of  the  meeting  held  Jan.  29,  1759  : 

On  consideration  of  the  present  state  of  the  funds  of  the  Hospital,  it  is 
resolved  that  there  is  urgent  necessity  of  lessening  the  expense,  unless  we  can 
succeed  better  than  we  have  lately  in  our  endeavors  to  increase  the  capital 
stock 

44 


condition  of 
Hospital. 


li  was  agreed  to  have  a  conference  with  the  Treasurer  and  Ph)si- 
cians  to  devise  some  means  to  overcome  this  difficulty.  This  meeting 
was  to  have  taken  place  on  the  twelfth  of  second  month  (February), 
but  it  seems  that  the  subject  was  of  so  grave  and  important  a  nature 
that  it  could  not  be  sinnmarily  settled  ;  for  on  the  2d  of  February, 
I  759,  it  was  noted  : 

Having  conferred  on  llie  subject  matter  and  no  definite  means  decided  upon, 
tlie  Doctors  agreed  to  examine  and  consider  the  metliods  of  providing  for  several 
hospitals  in  England,  &c.,  and  when  prepared  to  lay  a  plan  before  us  at  a  future 
meeting 

The  Managers  in  their  extremity  decided  to  make  another  appeal    Assembly 
to  the  Assembly  for  aid  in  this  emergency.     An  address  was  accord-    Petitioned, 
ingly  prepared,  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  present  it  to  the 
Speaker.     It  read  as  follows : 

To  llie  Honourable  Ihe  Representalh'es  of  the  Freemen 

of  the  province  of  Pennsylvania, 

in  general  Assembly  met. 

The  Address  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, — shezceth 

That  the  said  Hospital,  founded  about  eight  years  since,  with  the  approba- 
tion, and  by  the  Assistance  of  the  Assembly,  hath  been  hitherto  sujjported  by  the 
Contributions  of  private  Persons  and  by  divine  blessing  on  the  endeavours  of  the 
Physicians,  upwards  of  three  hundred  distressed  Persons  have  been  cur'd  of 
various  Disorders  of  body  and  Mind,  under  which  they  had  languished  ;  and 
many  other  have  been  considerably  relieved,  and  thereby  rcstor'd  to  a  caiiacity 
of  being  serviceable  to  themselves  and  the  publick. 

That  the  two  thousand  Pounds  contributed  by  the  Assembly,  tow,ards  the 
building,  being  long  since  expended,  we  have  been  under  the  necessity  of  apply- 
ing most  of  the  contributions  obtained  from  private  Persons  the  last  three  years 
towards  compleating  the  Work,  and  of  course  are  prevented  from  increasing  the 
Capital  Stock  ;  the  annual  interest  of  which  is  the  only  fund  we  have  yet 
received  for  the  support  of  the  institution. 

That  the  number  of  patients,  who  from  all  parts  of  the  province  apply  for 
admittance,  is  lately  much  increased,  so  that  upward;  of  one  thousand  pounds  is 
expended  more  than  our  Capital  Stock  ;  and  as  the  benetits  received  by  our 
distress'd  Fellow  Subjects  are  daily  more  known  and  considered,  the  prospect  of 
our  increasing  Expences  exceeds  any  rational  expectations  we  can  indulge,  of 
being  able  to  support  the  House,  according  to  the  original  design,  without  some 
further  Assistance  from  the  publick. 

We  therefore  reconmiend  the  present  State  of  the  Husi)ital  to  your  serious 
Consideration,  aird  hope  the  same  benevolent  disposition  on  which  it  was  founded, 
will  still  he  maiiifested  by  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania,  to  promote  so  laudable 
an  Institution,  gradually  becoming  of  the  most  extensive  Service  to  this  part  of 
the  King's  Dominions. 

The  Committee  having  duly  transmitted  the  paper  and  accoiuiis   Commitiee 
to  the  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  reported,  April  30,  1759,  that  they   reported, 
had  performed   the  service   assigned  and   that   he   had    promised    to 
bring  the  same  before  the  House  of  .\ssem|jlv. 

45 


The  Managers  waited  for  several  monihs  for  some  notice  of  tlieir 
Hospital  appeal,  but  without  success.  No  action  having  been  taken  by  the 
Acroimts   ,\ssen,{jiy    jt  ^vas  decided  to  politely  remind  this  body  of  the  pressing 

before  the  ,        /   ,       ,  •      ,  ,  ,  ,'  ,        ,  ,   '  ^     , 

AsseiniiK'    "^^^s  of  the  hospital  by  adding  to  the  documents  the  accounts  of  the 
last  year  past  (1758-59),  for  submission. 

Before  the  House  of  Assembly  now  sitting,  and  to  notify  them  that  we  should 
be  ready  to  attend  such  Committee  as  they  may  appoint  to  visit  the  Hospital, 
inspect  the  Management  and  Stale  thereof,  also  to  remind  them  of  the  present 
Necessities  to  which  we  are  subject  for  supporting  the  Institution  which  we  hope 
they  will  take  under  Consideration  and  grant  that  Assistance  and  Relief 
requested  in  our  Address  presented  at  their  last  Sitting,  in  Order  to  i>romote  the 
progress  of  a  Work  which  hath  been  found  to  be  of  so  great  Benefit  to  the  Dis- 
tressed and  Indigent. 

The  address  and  other  papers  were  finally  laid  before  the  Assem- 
bly on  June  25,  1759. 

The  needs  of  the  Hospital  were  now  very  pressing,  money  was 
scarce  and  commanded  a  high  rate  of  interest,  and  as  yet  no  sign  of 
relief  appeared  from  the  .Assembly.  The  legislative  machinery,  at  all 
times  ponderous  and  slow,  was  at  that  time  engrossed  with  novel  and 
complex  |)olitical  problems  ;  which  with  other  matters,  entirely  over- 
shadowed the  appeal  from  the  Hospital,  which  was  accordingly 
temporarily  .set  aside.  Franklin's  influence  and  jirestige  were  sadly 
missed;  his  ex|)erience  and  energy  were  no  longer  available  in  behalf 
of  the  Hospital's  interests  in  the  Assembly,  which  he  had  so  often 
wielded  to  great  advantage — the  philosopher,  statesman  and  wise 
counsellor  was  now  in  I-ondon.  No  one  seemed  to  possess  the  neces- 
sary ability  or  interest  to  press  the  measure  to  a  successful  issue.  The 
requirements  of  the  Hospital  were  urgent,  every-day  wants  were  to  be 
met,  bills  to  be  settled,  borrowing  afforded  but  temporary  relief,  and 
only  involved  future  expense  in  the  [jayment  of  interest  charges. 

In  order  to  emphasize  the  urgency  of  their  predicament  to  the 
people  and  Assembly,  adopting  Franklin's  tactics,  the  Managers  had 
recourse  to  the  public  prints,  as  appears  from  the  following  communi- 
cation in  "  The  Pennsylvania  Gazette,"  of  July  12,  1759,'  with  an 
Abstract  of  Records  and  Accounts  and  the  following  remarks  : 
,  .  From  this  View  of  the  State  of  the  Accounts,  and  by  comparing  the  .Abstract 

il     p'hr-    of  tile  Cases  with  those  formerly  published,  the   Publick   may  oiiscrve  the  great 
,  1,1.    annual  increase  of  tlie   Number  of  Patients,  and  consefiueiitly  of  the   Benefits  of 

,,  ^       ..     ,,    the  Institution  :   which  Consideration,  together  witli  that  of  the  Additional  Conve- 
Gazette. 

niences  for  their  Reception  and  .Accommodation,  which  have  been  attended  with 

considerable    Labour,   and    unavoidable    LCxpence   must  undoubtedly  jtfTord  an 

equal  Degree  of  Satisfaction  to  those  who  are  already  Benefactors  to  this  Charity  ; 

and  we  hope,  will  render  an  Apology  unnecessary  to  others,  who  have  hitherto 


Vide  Franklin's  "  Some  Accouni,"  etc. 

46 


neglected  or  deferred  entering  the  List  of  Subscribers,  for  a  Repetition  of  our 
Request  for  their  Assistance  in  so  commendaljle  a  Work  ;  and  it  being  impractica-  Hospital 
ble  to  make  a  personal  Application  to  all  such,  especially  to  those  who  live  at  a  \Vor|j, 
Distance,  it  is  to  be  hoped  nof>ft'ence  will  betaken,  to  the  Prejudice  of  the  Charity; 
but  that  all  who  are  disposed  to  contribute,  will  pay  their  Subscriptions  (or  enter 
their  intended  Benefactions)  to  the  Treasurer,  or  either  of  the  Managers,  as  here- 
tofore notified.  If  notwithstanding  what  has  been  frequently  urged  in  Favour  of 
this  Institution,  such  who  are  sensible  of  the  undeniable  Advantages  of  an 
Hospital,  do  yet  withhold  their  Bounty,  on  a  Supposition  of  the  small  Benefit  which 
their  Neighbourhood  is  to  receive  from  it,  they  will  please  to  consider,  That  they 
can  never  hope  to  do  any  Service  for  their  own  Poor,  till  ihey  have  made  it  more 
practicable  to  do  so,  by  the  Assistance  they  lend  those  who  are  already  engaged  in 
it ;  which  is  the  only  probable  Means  of  bringing  the  Charity  nearer  to  themselves, 
and  therefore  it  is  much  to  be  wished,  that  if  they  have  it  not  in  their  Power 
to  begin  this  Charity  at  home,  they  would  begin  it  in  a  Place  where  it  can  be  well 
attended  by  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  where  it  is  necessarily  formed  on  so 
large  a  Bottom,  as  to  require  more  Helj)  than  can  be  had  from  those  only  who  are 
at  Hand,  many  of  whom  have  not  more  interested  Reasons  for  their  Bounty,  than 
if  they  lived  in  a  distant  Country  ;  their  Motives  being  to  promote  a  Spirit  of 
Goodness  and  Humanity,  which  may  extend  itself  on  every  Side,  by  administer- 
ing the  most  eflfectual  Relief  to  all  deserving  Objects,  without  considering  from 
whence  they  come. — They  are  encouraged  to  do  it,  by  the  great  success  which 
hath  attended  this  good  Work  in  every  other  Place  ;  the  moral,  religious,  and 
civil  Benefits  of  which,  being  visible,  certain,  and  lasting,  do  immediately  tend  to 
the  Honour  of  the  Christian  Religion,  and  the  Happiness  of  Mankind. 

The  Contributions  which  have  been  generously  made  this  Year,  have  enabled 
the  Managers  to  proceed  in  compleating  some  necessary  Conveniences,  which 
were  Immediately  wanted,  and  to  receive  and  entertain  a  much  larger  Number  of 
Patients  in  the  House,  tlian  their  Stock  would  permit  before  ;  and  if  the  Spirit 
of  Charity  towards  this  Institution  continues,  with  equal  Warmtli  hereafter,  it  will 
soon  become  more  extensively  useful.  To  give  it  its  proper  Weight  with  the 
Publick,  let  it  be  considered,  that  in  a  City  of  large  Trade,  many  poor  People 
must  be  employed  in  carrying  on  a  Commerce,  which  subjects  them  to  frequent 
terrible  Accidents.  That  in  a  Country,  where  great  Numbers  of  indigent 
Foreigners  have  been  but  lately  imported,  and  where  the  common  Distresses  of 
Poverty  have  been  much  increased,  by  a  most  savage  and  bloody  War,  there 
must  be  many  Poor,  Sick,  and  Maimed.  That  poor  People  are  maintained  by  their 
Labour,  and,  if  they  cannot  labour,  they  cannot  live,  without  the  Help  of  the  more  d  c,  i- 
Fortunate.     We  all  know,  many  Mouths  are  fed,  many  Bodies  cloathed,  by  one  .  " 

poor  Man's  Industry  and  Diligence  ;  should  any  Distemper  seize  and  afflict  this 
Person  ;  should  any  sudden  Hurt  happen  to  him,  which  should  render  him 
incapable  to  follow  the  Business  of  his  calling,  unfit  him  to  work,  disable  him  to 
labour  but  for  a  little  time  ;  or  should  his  Duty  to  his  aged  and  diseased  Parents, 
or  his  fatherly  Tenderness  or  an  afflicted  Child,  engross  his  Attention  and  Care, 
How  great  must  be  the  Calamity  of  such  a  Family  !  How  pressing  their  Wants  ! 
How  moving  their  Distresses  !  And  how  mucli  does  it  behoove  the  Community  to 
take  them  immediately  under  their  Ciuardianship,  and  have  the  Causes  of  their 
Misfortunes  as  speedily  remedied  as  possible  !  Experience  shews,  this  will  be 
more  elTectually  and  frugally  done  in  a  publick  Hospital,  than  by  any  other 
method  whatever. 

Can  anything  in  this  checkered  World,  afford  more  real  and  lasting  Satis- 
faction to  humane  Minds,  than  the  Reflection  of  having  tiiade  such  a  social  Use  of 

47 


the  Favours  of  Providence,  as  renders  them,  in  some  Measure,  Instruments  which 
open  a  Door  of  Kase  and  Comfort  to  such  as  are  bowed  down  with  Poverty 
and  Sickness  ;  and  which  may  be  a  Means  of  increasing  the  Number  of  Peo- 
ple, and  preserving  many  useful  Members  to  the  Publick  from  Ruin  and 
Distress? 

That  this  is  a  Satisfaction  which  tlie  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
have  a  just  claim  to,  all  may  be  assured,  by  visiting  the  Mouse,  examining  the 
Patients,  and  considering  the  extraordinary  Cases  which  are  there  received,  and 
happily  treated  ;  among  which,  it  is  hoped,  they  will  find  sufl'icient  Instances  to 
convince  them,  thai  every  Individual,  in  this  and  the  adjacent  Provinces,  are 
interested  in  the  Prosperity  of  this  charitable  Institution  ;  and  induce  them  to 
consider,  that  "  Riches  make  themselves  Wings,  and  llee  away  ;  but  blessed  is  he 
that  considereth  the  Weak,  Sick,  and  needy,  llie  Lord  will  iKliver  him  in  Time  of 
trouble."     And  that  it  is  better  to  give  Alms,  than  lay  up  Cold. 

Notwithstanding  the  efTorts  made  to  advance  the  cause  of  the 
Hosjiital  before  the  Assembly  and  in  the  minds  of  the  piibbc,  the 
apijeal  remained  without  api)arent  result. 

These  means  proving  fruitless,  the  Managers'  hopes  ttirned  again 
to  the  public,  and  they  determined  to  develoj)  their  own  resources,  in 
which  they  were  more  successful.  They  issued  prints  or  pictures  of 
the  Hospital,  and  also  a  second  "small  quarto"  edition,  similar  to 
the  one  jMiblished  in  1754.  It  was  called  a  "Continuation  of  the 
Account  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  ;  from  the  first  of  iMay,  1754, 
to  the  fifth  of  May,  1761."  This  literary  task  was  performed  satis- 
factorily by  a  Committee  on  Publication,  of  which  Samuel  Rhoads 
was  chairman. 

The  essay  which  was  presented  to  tlie  Managers  and  a])])roved  by 
them,  contains  the  following  appeal  : 

c-  1  The  Experience  of  above  Nine  Years,  has  given  undeniable  Proofs  of  the  neces- 

rormai  * 

Add  al  to  ^''^'  ^"'^  Usefulness  of  this  laudable  Instiluti<m  ;  and,  it  is  goped,  the  Perusal  of 
the  Public  for  '''^  foregoing  Account,  with  what  has  been  heretofore  published,  will  afford  pleas- 
Contributions  '"^  Reflections  to  the  beneficient  Contributors,  by  whose  generous  Assistance  and 
Encour.agement,  it  has  gradually  arrived  to  its  present  Situation,  capable  of 
extending  Relief  to  the  Distresses  of  many  miserable  Objects,  depressed  by 
Poverty  and  Disease,  and  the  Managers  have  the  Satisfaction  to  observe  its 
Reputation  daily  to  increase,  by  the  frequent  A|iplicaticins  for  the  Admission  of 
Patients  from  various  Parts  of  this  and  the  Neighbouring  Provinces,  which  they 
tl.itter  themselves  they  shall  still  be  enabled  to  continue  and  enlarge,  by  the 
future  Benefactions  of  many  charitable  Persons  from  distant  Places,  as  well  as 
those  of  our  own  Country,  who  have  yet  delayed  contributing,  the  alHucnt 
Circumstances  of  many  of  whom  will  easily  admit  of  their  Imparting  a  Share  of 
the  Blessings  they  enjoy,  for  the  Benefit  of  such,  whose  Indigence  and  Miseries 
claim  the  Attention  of  every  compassionate  Heart. 

It  would  be  a  Neglect  of  that  Justice  which  is  due  to  the  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  this  Hospital,  not  to  acknowledge,  that  their  Care  and  Skill,  and 
their  punctual  and  regular  Attendance,  under  the  Divine  Blessing,  had  been  a 
principal  Means  of  advancing  his  Charity  to  the  flourishing  State  in  which  we 
have  now  the  Pleasure  to  view  it. 


48 


In  1765,  Signers  of  the  Bills  of  Credit  donated  fees  amounting 
to  ;^6oi,  2S,  dd;  this  sum  was  afterwards  increased. 

The  House  of  Representatives  of  this  Province,  having  for  divers  Years  past 
voted  considerable  Sums  of  Money  for  the  services  of  the  Government,  which 
have  been  issued  in  Paper  Bills  of  Credit,  several  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Philadel- 
phia, already  Contributors,  and  some  others,  concurring  in  a  Desire  for  the  Pros- 
perity of  this  Hospital,  voluntarily  offered  to  be  nominated  Signers  of  the  same, 
and  generously  bestowed  the  Wages,  usually  allowed  for  such  Service,  for  pro- 
moting the  good  Purposes  thereof,  whereby  the  total  Sum  of  One  Thousand  Eight 
Hundred  Thirty  Eight  Pounds  Seventeen  Shillings  and  Sixpence  has  been  added 
to  the  Contributions,  and  proved  a  very  seasonable  Assistance.' 

Great  hopes  centered  in  the  accounts  of  the  work  of  the  Hospital 
which  were  now  to  go  forth  and  eloquently  plead  its  cause.  The  prin- 
cipal objective  point  was  the  Assemblw  which  had  so  long  neglected 
and  overlooked  the  important  work  which  was  done  by  the  Hospital  for 
the  poor,  lunatics,  and  the  destitute  suffering  sick  of  the  Province. 
The  Managers  again  approached  the  Speaker,  armed  with  their  jiathetic 
appeal,  with  the  request  that  he  read  it  and  then  leave  the  matter  with 
his  conscience  to  dictate  the  cour?e  to  pursue.  Their  trust,  very 
happily,  was  not  misplaced. 

One  of  the  Books  lately  published  containing  a  Narrative  of  the  Management 
of  the  Hospital  for  the  last  Seven  Years  including  the  Account  of  the  last  Year 
an  Abstract  of  the  Patients  and  a  List  of  the  Contributors  having  been  delivered 
to  the  Speaker  and  by  him  on  Sept.  9th,  1761,  communicated  to  the  House  of 
Representatives,  William  Allen,  the  Chief  Justice  and  most  of  the  Members  of 
the  Assembly  visited  this  Hospital  and  after  viewing  the  Patients  and  inspecting 
the  Institution  were  pleased  to  express  themselves  much  satisfied  to  observe  the 
Decency  and  Economy  of  the  House  and  that  the  good  Purposes  of  the  Charity 
were  so  carefully  attended  to. 

The  results  of  this  visit  were  favorable,  inasmuch  as  on  May  17, 
1762,  the  Board  was  notified  that : 

The  Provincial  Assembly  had  granted  the  Sum  of  Three  Thousand  Pounds  to 
the  Corporation  of  Contributors  to  be  applied  towards  paying  off  the  Balance  due 
to  the  Capital  Stock  and  for  such  other  Purposes  as  the  Managers  may  direct. 

Accordingly  on  June  2,  1762,  an  order  was  drawn  on  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  Loan  Office  of  the  Province  for  ^3,000,  payable  to  the 
Treasurer,  being  the  sum  above  mentioned,  which  was  to  be  applied 
by  the  Managers  in  replacing  the  several  sums  borrowed  from  the 
Capital  Stock.     It  is  seen  that  no  time  was  lost  by  the  Managers  after 


Donation  of 
Fees  for 
signing  Bills 
of  Credit. 


Eflbrts  to 
obtain  Appro- 
priation. 


Grant  by  the 
Assembly. 


lA  bill  for  remitting  and  continuing  the  currency  of  the  bills  of  credit  of  the  province  and  for 
striking  a  further  sum,  was  laid  before  the  House  on  February  nth,  1754,  by  twenty-seven  citizens 
and  three  IVlembers  of  the  House,  who  offered  to  sign  the  said  money,  upon  the  same  terms  as  had 
been  previously  made  for  this  service,  and  their  names  were  accordingly  inserted  in  the  bill,  with  the 
expressed  intention  of  donating  the  money  thus  earned  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  but  nothing 
was  then  obtained  by  this  proposal  for  the  Hospital,  for  this  bill  failed  to  become  a  law. 


49 


Insurance. 


'  Coffic 
House.' 


they  were  a|)prized  of  the  money  having  been  appropriated  by  the 
Assembly,  in  obtaining  i)osse.ssion  of  the  much  needed  assistance,  and 
replacing  the  sums  they  had  been  forced  to  borrow  from  the  Capital. 
The  yearly  accounts,  which  it  was  necessary  to  present  to  the  Assembly, 
had  to  show  that  the  original  capital  remained  intact,  otherwise  the 
very  existence  of  the  Hosjiital  might  be  jeopardized,  and  its  future 
usefulness  certainly  curtailed. 
P'Ti.-  On  January  25,  1762,  the  Directors  of  the  Philadelphia  Contri- 

butionship  for  Insurance  of  houses  from  loss  by  fire  notified  the 
Managers  that  they  had  agreed  to  sign  a  policy  of  insurance  in  three 
parts  to  the  amount  of  _;,{^i50o  on  the  building,  and  that  a  return  of 
survey  had  been  made.  This  liberal  and  considerate  offer  wa.s  gratefully 
accepted  by  the  Managers,  and  the  insurance,'  although  changed  on 
two  occa.sions,  in  1822  and  1850,  still  remains  in  force,  though 
increased  in  amount. 
Meeting  at  \  meeting  of   the  Managers  was  held  August   2,   1762,  at  the 

"  Coffee  Hou.se  "  to  execute  a  power  of  attorney  to  James  Tilghman, 
to  enable  him  to  collect  James  Brown's  legacy.  These  outside 
meetings  seem  to  have  been  held  at  various  places ;  another  one  is 
found  mentioned,  November  8,  1762,  as  being  held  in  the  Warden's 
room  at  the  Court  House,  where  they  were  informed  by  Dr.  William 
Shippen,  Jr.,  lately  arrived  from  London,  that  several  cases  con- 
taining anatomical  drawings,  etc.,  sent  by  Dr.  John  Fothergill,  had 
reached  tiiis  port.  This  was  the  nucleus  of  the  future  Museum. 
■Aildress  \t  ^  meeting  held  Novembers,  1763,  it  was  agreed  to  address 

i»Jo''"   Jq1^„  Penn,  Esq.  (one  of  the  proprietors,  and  the  son  of  Richard, 

Peiiil    Ksq  '  1      \  I       i 

Lieut'eiiam-  ^^^  grarfdson  of  William  Penn),  lately  arrived  (October  30,  1763), 
Governor,   from  London,  who  had  lately  come  to  preside  as  Governor  of  this 
Province. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  address  as  delivered  : 

To  THE   HONOl'RABI.E  JOHN    PENN,  ESiJR  ,  LlElTENANT-GOVERNOR   OF   PENN- 
SVLVAXIA    AND     THE    TERRITORIES    OF     NEW    CaSTI-E,     KeNT     &     SUSSEX 

VPON  Delaware. 

The  Address  of  the  Managers  &  Treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
Afay  il please  the  Governor  : 

The  Managers  Sc  Treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Chearfully  embrace 
this  opimrtunity  of  expressing  the  Pleasure  they  receive  on  his  safe  Arrival  & 
Accession  to  tlie  Government  of  this  Province.  This  Hospital  established  for 
relieving  the  Diseases  &  restoring  the  Health  of  the  Indigent  &  Miserable  under 
Divine  Providence  through  the  Patronage  of  the  Legislature  &  the  Benevolence 

'These  policies  were  dated  January  25,  1762,  insuring  ^£500  on  North  part  of  East  wing, 
premium,  /;6  17J  6./:  /500  on  South  part  of  East  wing,  premium,  £6  17J  id.  ;£50o  on  Western 
division,  premium,  £,k  ^^s  6rf— j^i)  \7s  td. 

50 


of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Province  &  Divers  charitable  Persons  in  Great  Britain    Managers' 
&  other   places   from   a   small   beginning   hath   gradually  become  of  extensive    Compliments 
utility  and  it  is  with  great  Satisfaction  we  find  has  obtained  the  A-pprobation    to  Gov.  Penn. 
&  Favour  of  our  honorable  Proprietaries  confirmed  by  their  generous  Benefac- 
tions  which   Merits  our  thankful  Acknowledgment.     The  Harmony  &  Concord 
with  which  it  has  been  hitherto  Conducted  and  the  Success  attending  the  united 
endeavours  of  the  Physicians  and  Managers  yield  the  pleasing  Hope  it  will  still 
flourish  &  increase  in  Benefit  to  Mankind.     The  Powers   &   Privileges  granted 
by  Law  to  the  Corporation   of  Contributors  being  found  useful  &  necessary  & 
having  received  the  Countenance  &  incouragement  of  the  Governor's  Prede- 
cessors we  confide  that  prudent  and  proper   Exercise  thereof  will  recommend 
this  laudable  Institution  to  his  Protection  &  Favour.     Our  sincere  Wishes  attend 
the  Governor  that  his  Administration  may  be  Conducted  to  his  own  Satisfaction 
and  the  Happiness  of  the  Province. 
Philadelphia,  Xov.  9th,  1763. 

On  November  29,  it  is  recorded  that: 

The  Treasurer  Sc  all  the  Managers  attended  at  the  Coffee  House  on  the  15th 
Inst,  and  from  thence  proceeded  to  the  Governor's,  &  after  reading  the  Address 
Delivered  it  &  received  from  him  the  following  Answer  : 

Gunllemen:    I  heartily  thank  you  for  your  Address  it  gives  me  a  particular    j^jg  Acknowl- 
Pleasure  to  find  that  the  Charitable  &  well  founded  Hospital  in  this  Province  has    edement 
Received   such    General    Encouragement  and  that  by  the   Prudent  Care  of   its 
Physicians  &  Managers  it  has  become  so  very  extensive  a  Charity  and  be  Assured 
that  the  Duties  of  Humanity  will  ever  incline  me  to  give  all  the  Countenance  in 
my  Power  to  so  good  an  Institution. 

No  "benefaction"  followed  this  exchange  of  courtesies,  until 
1788,  when  the  name  of  John  Penn.  Jr.,  appears  on  the  list  of 
contributors. 

Gov.  Penn  was  received  by  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia  with 
great  demonstrations  of  respect,  and  many  entertainments  were  given 
in  his  honor. 

An  address  was  prepared  and  sent  to  the  proprietors  acknowledg-   Donation  of 
ing  the  grant  of  forty  pounds  per  annum  and  gift  of   the  lot  ne.xt   ground  from 
adjoining  the  Hospital  property  on  the  north,  of  which  they  had  been   '^"^  Penns. 
informed  by  the  Receiver  General,  the  year  before.     This  document 
was  signed  at  a  meeting  held  December  29,  1763;    and  at  the  same 
time  a  letter  was  written  to  William  Allen,  then  in   London,  request- 
ing him  "to  present  our  Address  to  the  Proprietaries."     The  person 
to  whom  these  letters  were  confided  instead  of  going  to  London,  it 
was  afterwards  discovered,  had  sailed  for  the  West  Indies,  and  not 
until  August  27,  1764,  did  the  ^^anagers  learn  of  the  miscarriage  of 
their   communications;    these    having  been  sent  to   William    Allen, 
who   was  then   in    Philadelphia,   together  with  an   explanatory  note 
stating  the  cause  of  the  delay.   At  the  last  mentioned  date,  the  package 
was  returned,  "very  much  defaced,"  which  necessitated  the  re-copy- 
ing of  both  documents. 


To   THE    HONOfRABLE  THOMAS   I'ENN   «:    RlCHD.  I'ICNN,  EsyS.,   PkOPKIETARIES 

OF  THE  Province  of  Pennsvi.vania,  iVc. 

The  Address  of  the  Managers  &  Treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
May  il please  the  Profirielaries  : 
Address  in  With  much  Satisfaction  &  pleasure  We  lake  this  Opportunity  of  acknowl- 

Acknowledg-    edging  your  generous  Donations  to  the  Hospital  under  our  Care. 

ment  of  Your  receiver  General  last  year  informed  us  of  your  Benevolent  Resolution  to 

Benefactions  Contribute  Annually  the  sum  of  Forty  pounds  &  to  grant  us  the  Lott  of  Ground, 
which  Complcats  the  Square  on  which  the  Hospital  is  erected  Sc  pursuant  to 
your  directions  He  hath  since  paid  us  the  Sum  you  Order'd  for  two  years  past. 

Immediately  after  receiving  this  agreeable  intelligence  We  determined  to 
make  our  Acknowledgments  of  your  Bounty  in  thus  encrmraging  this  Institution, 
the  Benefits  nf  which,  by  the  blessing  of  Divine  Providence,  are  become  very  evi- 
dent &e.xlensiveboth  to  the  People  of  your  province  &  of  the  Neighboring  Colonies. 

With  the  number  of  People  in  these  Provinces,  the  Patients  in  this  Hospital 
have  constantly  increased  so  th,-it  the  Kxpences  of  Providing  for  them  &  of  Com- 
pleating  that  part  of  the  Building  which  is  erected,  have  Annually  gre.itly 
E.xceeded  the  Income  of  our  Capital  Stock  altho'  the  same  good  Disposition 
continues  in  the  People  of  this  City  in  particular  .t  of  some  in  other  parts  of  the 
Province  which  enabled  us  to  begin  the  Work,  &  Considerable  sums  have  been 
Yearly  added  to  the  Stock  by  their  private  Benefactions.  Some  generous 
Donations  have  also  been  made  from  (Ire.it  Britain  &  from  some  of  the  Adjacent 
Provinces  and  the  West  India  Islands.  Yet  the  whole  being  insutTicient  the  sum 
of  Three  thousand  pounds  was  by  the  favour  of  the  Governor  &  Assembly  of 
your  Province  last  year  Added  to  their  former  Grant,  part  of  which  hath  been 
api)lied  to  Discharge  the  Deficiency  of  our  former  Funds  .t  the  Remainder  to 
the  Increase  of  our  Capital,  which  is  still  too  small  to  Answer  the  Pressing  Cries 
we  hear,  of  many  who  stand  in  need  of  such  an  Institution. 

There  have  been  constantly  upwards  of  One  hundred  patients,  in  the  House 
for  some  time  past  it  the  present  Circumstances  of  the  Province  evince  to  us,  who 
are  Acquainted  with  the  Numbers  of  distressed  Objects  who  daily  apply  for  help, 
that  both  Charity  iSc  Good  Policy  demand  the  e.vertion  of  our  Endeavours,  to 
Restore  them  to  a  Capacity  of  becoming  usefull  .Members  of  Society.  This  Con- 
sideration will  engage  us,  as  soon  as  we  dare  Attempt  it,  to  Enlarge  the  Buildings, 
&  other  Conveniences  for  the  reception  of  such,  &  we  shall  the  sooner  Adventure 
on  the  undertaking  as,  from  the  Diligent  Attention  of  the  Physicians  &  all  others 
Concern'd  in  the  Care  of  this  Charity  and  the  Harmony  &  Concord  which  hath 
subsisted  among  us,  we  have  the  pleasing  prospect  of  the  Continuance  of  that 
good  success,  we  have  hitherto  had  and  our  Hope  is  Excited  that  as  this  Infirmary 
is  the  first,  it  will  be  the  most  Extensive  in  Benefits  to  the  King's  subjects  in  his 
American  Dominions. 

The  information  given  us  of  your  Intentions  of  soon  ordering  a  Patent  to  be 
granted  us  for  the  Lott,  Occasioned  our  deferring  this  acknowledgement  of  your 
Benevolence  being  desirous  with  it  of  Informmg  you  that  this  part  of  your  kind 
purpose  was  Compleated.  We  begg  your  favourable  excuse  of  this  Delay  &  assure 
you  we  are  with  much  respect  and  Gratitude 

Your  Real  Friends. 

Pennsvlva.  Hospital,  29th  12  mo  1763. 

Proprietaries  On  \\m\    29th,  1 765,  a  letter   was   received  from  Thomas  and 

issue  Patent.     Richard  I'enn,  directing  that  a  patent  should  be  issued  by  the  Governor 

to  the  Contributors  for  the  lot  lying  immediately  north  of  the  Society 

52 


lot  on  which  the  Hospital  was  erected.  The  warrant  for  a  survey 
from  Gov.  Penn,  dated  Sept.  12th,  1765,  was  read  at  a  meeting  held 
the  28th  of  the  same  month.  The  Patent  for  the  lot  was  eventually 
delivered  in  the  latter  part  of  1767,  some  three  years  after  receiving 
notice  of  its  having  been  contributed  ;  acknowledgment  of  which  is 
made  in  the  following  letter  : 

To  THE  HONOLRABLE  ThOMAS  PENN  AND  RICHARD  PESX,  ESQRS.,  PROPRIETORS 

AND  Governors  in  Chief  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania.  Address  to 


The  Managers  and  Treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  with  much 
Respect  and  Gratitude,  acknowledge  your  Benevolence,  in  your  generous 
Donations  for  the  Support  and  Advancement  of  the  Institution  under  our  Care. 

Your  annual  Contribution  of  Forty  Pounds,  was  in  the  year  1762,  and  hath 
ever  since  been,  regularly  paid  by  your  Receiver  General. 

The  Patent  was  deliv'd  us  at  our  Meet'g  last  month  for  the  Lot  you  were 
pleased  to  grant ;  by  which  the  Hospital  is  agreeably  accommodated,  and  its 
Situation  now  secured  from  future  Interruptions  of  the  Room  and  .\ir  from  any 
part  of  that  Square  on  which  it  is  built. 

The  approbation  of  our  Conduct,  you  have  manifested  by  those  valuable 
Donations  will  incite  us  to  pursue  every  measure  in  our  Power  to  render  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  the  Object  of  your  continued  Favor  and  Regard  ;  and 
confiding  therein,  we  beg  leave  to  lay  before  you  the  State  of  the  Hospital  and  of 
its  Funds,  in  the  three  last  annual  Settlements  of  the  Accounts,  and  of  the  Returns 
of  the  number  of  Patients  admitted  and  discharged.  On  comparing  these  with 
our  small  beginning,  a  few  years  since,  we  have  just  Cause,  with  reverent  Thank- 
fulness, to  acknowledge,  that,  the  Divine  Blessing  hath  been  conferred  on  the 
Endeavours  of  those  concerned  in  its  Foundation,  Establishment  and  Support. 

The  Physicians  continue  to  attend  gratis  with  great  Care  and  Diligence,  and 
besides  the  Service  immediately  afforded  to  the  annual  increasing  number  of 
Patients,  there's  a  Prospect  of  contributing  towards  the  Establishing  a  Medical 
School  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Youth  of  this  and  the  adjacent  Provinces  ;  and 
thereby  rendering  the  regular  Study  and  Practice  of  Physic  and  Surgery  attain- 
able by  many  whose  Circumstances  will  not  permit  them  to  pursue  it  at  the  great 
Expence  of  a  Foreign  Education. 

The  annual  E.xpences  of  the  Hospital  have  hitherto  exceeded  the  Income  of 
our  Funds  with  the  additional  Contributions  we  have  received  ;  but  from  the 
Useful  Foundation  lately  provided  by  the  Legislature  for  the  Employment  of  the 
Poor  we  hope  to  receive  some  Relief,  as,  by  a  mutual  friendly  Concurrence  of  the 
Trustees  of  both  Institutions,  many  of  the  Poor  who  are  in  want  of  Medi- 
cines and  -Assistance  from  the  Hospital  may  during  their  Continuance  under  our 
Care,  be  exercised  in  some  Employment  to  Lessen  the  Expence ;  and  render 
them  afterwards  more  useful,  both  to  themselves  and  the  Public. 

Whatever  we  can  do  for  the  advancement  of  these  good  Purposes,  and  in  the 
Discharge  of  the  Trust  committed  to  us,  for  the  general  Interest  of  your  Province, 
and  thereby  manifesting  our  Desire  of  the  continued  Patronage  of  our  Proprie- 
taries, shall  be  cheerfully  attended  to  by  us. 

Pennsylv.^nia  Hospital.  (Signed  by  all  the  Managers.) 

December  28,  1767. 

On  January  9th,  1766,  a  Committee  of  the  -\ssembly  visited   the 
Hospital,  inspected  the  several  wards  and  reported  that  they  were 


3J 


Proprietors. 


Visit  of 

Committee 

of  Assembly. 


Precautions 
against  Fire. 


Gratuities 
from  Visitors. 


Committee 
of  Assembly- 
Visit. 


Patent  from 

the  Penns  for 

another  lot. 


pleased  with  tlie  good  order  in  which  they  found    them  and  the  care 
wliich  is  taken  of  the  patients,  and  rei)orted  : 
.lAi  r  it  pleasf  the  Speaker, 

The  Committee  appointed  to  examine  the  Stale  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
beg  leave  to  Report.  That  agreeable  to  the  Oriler  of  the  House  they  have  visited 
the  several  Apartments  o(  the  sick  and  other  unhappy  Persons  in  the  said 
Hospital  and  had  the  Satisfaction  to  find  them  all  in  the  greatest  good  order  that 
through  the  unwearied  attendance  and  Constant  care  of  the  Managers  the 
Economy  of  the  Hospital  is  conducted  much  to  the  comfort  and  case  of  the  many 
afflicted  objects  residing  therein  and  that  they  are  of  opinion  that  the  generous 
Services  performed  by  the  several  able  Physicians  who  by  Rotation  attend  the 
said  Hospital  have  greatly  contributed  under  the  Favour  of  Divine  Providence  to 
the  Relief  and  often  to  the  perfect  cure  of  many  poor  Persons  who  without  the 
benefits  of  their  assistance  in  this  Charitable  institution  must  have  languish'd  in 
great  Distress  and  Pain. 

Wood  being  the  only  fuel  then  in  use,  chimney  fires  were  not  un- 
common. The  Managers  were  fully  aware  of  this  source  of  danger  and 
such  a  fire,  which  fortimately  caused  but  little  damage,  happening  at 
this  time,  it  is  recorded,  Oct.  27,  1766,  that: 

The  sitting  Managers  are  desired  to  inspect  the  several  fire  places  in  the 
respective  wards  and  chambers  and  take  the  necessary  care  that  they  be  so 
secured  as  to  prevent  any  risk  or  danger  from  the  use  of  fires. 

It  was  the  custom  in  those  days,  especially  on  Sunday,  (or  curious 
and  idle  persons  to  walk  out  to  the  Hospital  "  tosee  the  crazy  i)eople." 
The  crowds  finally  caused  so  much  annoyance  to  the  patients  that  on 
April  27th,  1767,  orders  were  renewed  : 

That  the  Hatch  door  be  kept  carefully  shut  and  that  no  person  be  admitted 
without  paying  the  gratuity  of  Four  Pence  formerly  agreed  upon  and  that  care 
be  taken  to  prevent  the  throng  of  People  who  are  led  by  Curiosity  to  frequent  the 
House  on  the  first  day  of  the  Week  to  the  great  disturbance  of  the  Patients. 

The  Committee  of  the  Assembly  again  visited  the  Hospital  in 
1767  and  made  the  report,  which  is  found  in  the  minutes  of  Oct.  5. 

In  Obedience  to  the  Order  of  the  House  your  Committee  pray  leave  to  report 
that  they  have  visited  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  the  several  apartments 
therein  provided  for  the  Reception  of  the  Sick  and  Diseased  and  find  them  clean, 
wholesome,  and  in  the  best  order  greatly  owing  to  the  remarkable  Care,  Assi- 
duity and  close  attention  of  the  Managers  in  the  punctual  Discharge  of  the  im- 
portant Trust  in  them  reposed,  And  your  Committee  are  firmly  pursuaded  that 
the  utmost  care  and  Skill  has  been  and  is  daily  aflbrded  for  the  Relief  and  the 
Recovery  of  the  Various  Sick  and  Diseased  there  Remaining  by  the  worthy 
Physicians  of  this  City,  who,  williuut  Reward,  charitably  attend  this  important 
Service. 

In  1769,  another  i)atent  was  received  from  the  Penns  for  a  lot  of 
ground  on  the  south  side  of  Spruce  Street,  extending  westward  from 
Ninth  Street,  198  feet,  and  southwardly  107  feet,  which  was  a  valu- 
able .Acquisition,  as  will  be  understood  by  referring  to  the  article  on 
"Real  Estate." 


54 


At  a  meeting  held  at  the   "  Conestoga  Waggon,"   October  28, 
I  771,  the  Managers  decided  to  congratulate  Richard  Penn,  Esq.,  on    Address  to 
his  arrival  and  accession  to  the  government  of  the  province,  as  they   the  Governor, 
had  his  predecessors : 
To  THE  Honorable,  Rechard  Pen'n,    Esqr.,   Lieitenant   Governor   ani> 

Com.mander-in-Chief  of  the  Province  op  Pennsvlvania  and  Counties 

OF  New  Castle,  Kent  and  Sussex  on  Delaware. 

The  Address  of  the  Managers  and  Treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
^[ay  it  phase  the  Governor, 

To  accept  our  sincere  and  hearty  Congratulations  on  his  safe  return  and 
Accession  to  the  Government  of  this  Province.  The  Blessing  of  Divine  Provi- 
dence, the  Bounty  of  the  Hon.  Proprietaries,  with  the  countenance  and  Aid  of  the 
Legislature  of  this  Province  and  the  Generous  Contributions  Oi"  our  Fellow 
Citizens  and  others,  have  rendered  our  Endeavours,  assisted  by  the  benevolent 
Care  of  the  Physicians  of  this  Hospital  more  e.xtensively  successful  than  in  the 
first  Founding  of  it,  we  had  reason  to  e.xpect.  A  faithful  discharge  of  the  Trust 
committed  to  us  in  order  to  continue  and  still  to  e.xtend  the  benefits  of  this 
Laudable  Institution  for  the  relief  of  the  Sick  and  distressed  Poor  will  we  hope 
recommend  it  to  the  Patronage  and  Favor  of  the  Governor  who  we  confide  will 
protect  our  Corporation  in  those  necessary  and  useful  Powers  and  Privileges 
granted  by  Charter  and  the  Laws  of  the  Province  We  wish  the  Governor  all  the 
Satisfaction  and  Pleasure  which  result  from  a  Wise  and  Equal  Administration, 
and  from  a  benevolent  Inclination  to  promote  every  Charitable  design  for  the 
present  and  future  Happiness  of  the  People. 

To  which  Governor  Penn  very  graciously  responded  : 

Genllemen,  I  accept  with  pleasure  your  Congratulations  upon  my  accession  [[is  reply. 
to  the  Government  of  this  Province,  and  I  heartily  thank  you  for  your  kind 
wishes.  I  am  happy  to  find  that  the  Bounty  of  the  Proprietaries  has  concurr'd 
with  other  favourable  Circumstances  to  render  the  Charitable  and  benevolent 
Institution  at  present  under  your  prudent  Management  of  such  extensive  Utility. 
An  Institution  founded  upon  the  first  principles  of  Humanity,  cannot  but  recom- 
mend itself  to  Favor  and  Protection.  And  the  Managers  and  Treasurer  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  may  rest  assured  that  the  privileges  which  this  Charity 
derives  from  its  Charter  and  the  Laws  of  the  Province  shall  want  no  support 
which  I  am  able  to  give. 

On  October  26,  1772,  there  not  being  a  sufficient  number  ]jresent    Committee 

to  hold  a  meeting,  it  was  decided  to  meet  the  28th  inst.,  at  6  o'clock,    '"*^*'  '' 
,  _  _,  ,-    .    ■  T-.  ■       ,   1     »»       ■         TT  Frieiuls' 

at   the    "Committee    Room   adjoining   friends     Meeting  House    in    ^^legu,,™. 

Fourth  Street."     Another  meeting,  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  a    House. 

letter  to   the  correspondents   in   Europe,    was  held  at   the   house  of 

Thomas  Mifflin. 

About  this  time,  the  Managers  began  drawing  bills  of  e.xchange   Bills  of 

on  their  agents  in  London,  for  money  which  was  then  becoming  due   Exchange. 

from  the  Pennsylvania  Land  Company's  unclaimed   shares  voted  by 

Parliament.     On  November  4th,  after  enumerating  some  eleven  bills 

drawn,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  ^2,450  sterling,  the  Managers 

say  : 

55 


And  we  iiUind  in  a  fc-w  days  to  draw  for  ^550,  more,  having  the  iipportuiiily 
of  selling  the  liills  at  60  per  cent  with  Land  Security.  We  liopu  you  will  have  the 
money  in  your  hands  before  the  bills  appear  and  become  due,  but  that  you  may 
not  be  subjected  to  any  inconvenience,  or  our  fund  to  any  disadvantage  in  the 
sale  of  the  stock,  we  have  by  the  tenor  of  the  bills  contracted  that  they  shall  not 
be  liable  to  any  further  damage  than  the  payment  of  our  lawful  interest  after  they 
become  due,  until  it  suits  you  to  discharge  them. 
The  Hospital  -j-j^g  Proprietary  Government  of  Pennsylvania  definitely  termi- 

,  ..   ''        nated  September  26,  1776,  with  the  final  adimirnmcnt  of  the  Provin- 
lutionary  '  '      1  1    '  1 

Period,  cial  Assembly,  although  the  latter  had  practically  ceased  to  exist  at 
least  si.\  months  before  this  time.  The  authority  of  the  King  of  Great 
Britain  was  i)ublicly  and  formally  cast  off  by  the  official  annoimce- 
ment  of  the  adoption  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  which  was 
celebrated  in  Penn.sylvania  on  July  8th.  \\\  the  same  act,  the  Royal 
Charter,  and  all  the  ])owers  conferred  by  it,  as  well  as  the  former  laws 
of  the  Province,  became  of  no  effect.  As  these  laws  were  for  the 
most  part  adapted  to  the  circumstances  of  the  people,  tiie  new  Assem- 
bly subsequently  (January  28,  1777)  passed  an  act  to  revive  and  put 
them  again  in  force.     The  Act  reads  as  follows: 

Act  of  "  Each  and  every  one  of  the  laws,  or  acts  of  General  Assembly,  that  were  in 

Assembly,  force  and  binding  on  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  Province  on  the  fourteenth  day  of 
May  last,  shall  be  in  force  and  binding  on  the  inhabitants  of  this  stale  from  and 
after  the  tenth  day  of  February  next  as  fully  and  eflectually  to  all  intents  and 
purposes  as  if  the  said  laws,  and  each  of  them,  had  been  made  or  enacted  by  this 
General  Assembly ;  and  all  and  every  person  and  persons  whomsoever  are  hereby 
enjoined  and  required  to  yield  obedience  to  the  said  laws,  as  the  case  may  require 
until  the  said  laws  or  acts  of  General  Assembly  respectively  shall  be  repealed  or 
altered,  or  until  they  expire  by  their  own  limitation,  and  the  common  law  and 
such  of  the  statute  laws  of  England,  as  have  heretofore  been  in  force  in  the  said 
province,  except  as  is  hereafter  excepted." 

During  the  intervening  ])eriod,  although  the  situation  was  beset 
with  unusual  difficulties,  the  Managers  continued  to  carry  on  their 
humane  work  under  the  original  charter.  The  funds  of  the  Hospital 
at  this  period  might  have  been  sufficient  to  meet  its  ordinary  current 
e.xpenses,  but  "  certain  contingencies  and  unfortunate  circimistances," 
Hospital  arising  out  of  the  disturbances  incident  to  the  impending  war, 
in  diffKuiiies.  y^.^]yj,gj  a[  Q„j.e  ijoth  the  capital  of  the  Hosjiital  and  its  revenue. 
The  expenses  were  also  increased,  so  that,  notwithstanding  careful 
management,  the  institution  became  more  and  more  involved  in  debt. 
The  Managers  were  compelled  to  dispose  of  securities,  and  loans 
were  returned  de|)reciated  in  value,  or  jiaid  in  paper  money  which 
could  not  be  redeemed.' 


'  Continmtal  Money.  The  6rst  issue  of  Continental  currency  was  made  on  May  10,  1775. 
In  1781,  the  General  Assemlily  passed  "  An  Act  directing  the  mode  of  adjusting  and  settling  the 
payment  of  debts  and  contracts  entered  into  and  made  between  January  i,  1777,  and  March  i,  1781, 
and  for  other  purposes  therein  mentioned."  On  May  31,  1781,  Continental  money  ceased  to  be 
receivable  for  taxes  and  was  no  longer  legal  tender. 

56 


Their  distress  culminated  when  the  British  army  entered  Philadel- 
phia, September  26,  1777.     The  English  military  authorities  forcibly   British 

took  possession  of  the  Hospital,  filled  it  with  their  sick  and  wounded   '^■'■"y'" 

ij-  J         1  J     u  ,         ,     ,  J    Philadelphia. 

soldiers  and  sailors,  overturned  the   usual   orderly  management,  and 

on  their  departure  appropriated  to  their  own  use  the  blankets,  bedding, 

and  instruments,  for  which  the  Hospital  received  no  compensation, 

either  at  the  time,  or  afterwards. 

After   the    evacuation  of  Philadelphia   by    the    British,  June  17, 

1778,  the  Managers  were  confronted  by  a  serious  financial  problem. 

A  law  was  passed  compelling    the    accejitance   in  payment  of  debts  of 

the  Continental  currency  and  this  was    taken    advantage  of  by   some 

debtors   of  the    Hospital    to    discharge    their   mortgages   and    other 

obligations  in  depreciated   money.     The   Managers  were    willing    to 

compromise  by   accepting    the   interest    in    Continental  money,  but 

insisted  that  the  principal  or  Capital  Stock  should  not  be  impaired  by 

payment    in  depreciated   currency.      However,    twenty-seven  of  the   „.        .  , 
'    -  '  -  '  •'  h  inancial 

borrowers  insisted  on  the  acceptance  of  the  Continental  paper  issue,    ujiTiculties. 

\vhich  destroyed  over  one-half  of  the  Capital  Stock  of  the  institution — 

so  depreciated  had  become  this  currency  that  on  May  4,  1781,  State 

money  was   by   proclamation   declared    to    be    175    Continental   for 

I  State,  and  State  being  only  4  for  i  in  Gold,  made  Continental  700 

for  I. 

The  loss!  of  capital  and  interest  by  the  Hospital  from  Ajiril, 
1774,  to  April,  17S4,  is  partially  shown  in  the  following  Exhibit: 

In    1774   the  productive  capital  stock   (money  at 

interest),  was _;^i8,6o7     Sjt     41/ 

In    1784  the  productive  capital   stock   (money  at 

interest),  was 9>5i6  i8s  iid 

Reduction  of  principal  or  capital  stock 9,090     <)s     5</ 

Loss  by  receiving  interest  in  Continental  currency,         2,349     8x     2(i 
Total    loss    in    principal  (or   capital  stock),    and 

interest  by  Continental  money ;^ii'439   ^V     7"' 

The  loss  by  receiving  paper  money  for  board  of  jjatients, 
students'  privileges,  etc.,  is  not  included  in  the  above  calculation, 
but  was  without  doubt  very  considerable. 

During  this  trying  period  it  was  impossible  without  gold  and 
silver  to  maintain  the  Hospital,  the  Managers  therefore  were  obliged 
to  borrow  hard  money  on  their  private  credit,  giving  their  individual 


^  The  estimated  loss  was  based  on  Richard  Wells'  scale  of  depreciation  of  Continental  money, 
c;\tled  the  equitable  scale. 


security.     A  successful  apiieal  was  made  in  1780  to  the  State  Legis- 

Assembly   lature  to  aid  the  funds  by  a  grant  of  j{^io,ooo  in  Continental  money, 

ma  rs  j^jij  ^^  great  was  the  depreciation  that  the  value  of  the  grant  was 

;lllotlltT  .  , 

Griiiit.  estnnated  to  be,  m  gold  coin,  only  ^163  iSs  S^.  It  was  however 
sufficient  to  tide  over  the  emergency,  and  with  the  return  of  peace, 
new  life  and  vigor  was  infused  into  the  management,  and  once  more 
appeals  to  the  public  were  made,  which  were  generously  responded 
to,  and  the  Hosi)ital  a.irain  restored  to  its  former  state  of  pros- 
perity. 

A  transaction  illustrating  the  difficulty  under  which  tiic  Managers 
Tender  of  ,,,  ri,  ■>  i-  ,-1 

Depreciated   '^'^^''^d,  on  accoimt  of  this  dei^reriated  condition  of  the  currency, 

Curri-ncy  for  occurred  towards  the  close  of  1776.  The  authorities  of  the  College 
Mortgagf.  of  Philadelphia  having  purchased  a  ])roperty,  desired  to  have  it  made 
free  from  an  incumbrance,  of  a  mortgage  held  by  the  liospital, 
amounting  to  some  three  thousand  pounds  sterling.  The  Managers 
objected  strongly  to  receiving  the  proceeds  in  Continental  money  on 
account  of  the  injustice  to  the  trust  under  their  charge,  by  the 
greatly  impaired  value  of  the  currency  at  that  time.  A  special 
meeting  was  called,  which  was  attended  by  the  representatives  of  the 
College,  Rev.  William  Smith  and  Rev.  William  White,  the  former 
being  the  Provost  and  the  latter  the  Treasurer  of  this  rising  educa- 
tional institution.  The  matter  was  I'lnaliy  amical)ly  arranged  by  the 
Managers  accepting  substitute  bonds  for  a  i)art  of  the  amount  and 
receiving  the  balance,  amounting  to  over  eight  hundred  jjounds  in 
currency. 
Continental  The  first  mention  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  made  on  the  records 

''"  ,j!'  of  the  Hospital,  occurs  on  December  5,  1776,  when  a  large  number  of 
wounded  soldiers,  sent  by  the  Committee  of  Safety,  were  admitted. 
Again,  on  January  8,  1777,  we  find  that  many  wounded  soldiers, 
seamen  and  Hessians  were  received,  and  subsequently  others  were 
admitted. 
Quaker  The  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends  were,  by  their  religious 

Managers  principles,  non-combatants.  At  the  period  just  preceding  the  Revo- 
opposed  to  lutionary  War,  the  leading  Friends  were  not  only  among  the  wealth- 
iest and  most  influential  citizens  of  the  Province,  but  they  had  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  promoting  all  measures  pertaining  to  the  wel- 
fare of  the  Province,  as  is  well  shown  in  the  interest  which  they  mani- 
fested in  the  Pennsylvania  Hos])ital.  When  the  Colonies  resorted  to 
arms,  however,  acting  in  accordance  with  their  religious  principles, 
many  Quakers  refused  to  take  up  arms  or  actively  assist,  either  directly 
or  indirectly,  the  American  cause.  Their  neutral  attitude  and  consistent 
conservatism  gave   rise    to    the    popular    belief  that    their    personal 

58 


influence  would  be  exerted  against  the  Colonies,  hence,  during  the 
excesses  of  party  feeling  they  became  the  objects  of  general  suspicion 
by  the  remainder  of  the  community. 

Congress,  in    1777,   formally   recommended   that   the  Executive 
Council  of  Pennsylvania  apprehend  and  secure  a  number  of  the  most 
prominent  and  representative  members  of  this  sect  living  in  Philadel- 
phia; and  by  order  of  Council,    in  August  of  that  year,  a  number,    Managers 
including  several  Managers  of  the  Hospital,  were  arrested  and  without   Ba"'shed  to 
a  trial  were  exiled  to  Staunton,  Virginia,  where  they  were  compelled        " 
to  remain  for  about  eight  months. 

On  September  29,  1777,  the  following  appears   on   the   Hospital 

record  : 

The  present  Commotions,  and  arbitrary  Measures  of  our  late  Rulers  in  Ban- 
ishing four  Members  to  Virginia,  to  wit,  Israel  Pemberton,  James  Pemberton, 
Thomas  Wharton,  and  Edward  Pennington  prevent  the  Meeting  of  a  Board. 

These  contributors  and  Managers  were  among   the  most  active 
and  efficient  members  of  the  Board. 

Again  upon  the  minutes  of  September  29th  it  is  stated  that : 

Part  of  the  British  Army,  under  the  Command  of  Sir  William  Howe,  arriving 
in  the  City  on  the  26th  of  last  month  ;  on  the  ne.xt  day  a  great  number  of  sick  and    Soldier 
wounded  Soldiers  (without  previous  notice  given,  or  application  to  the  Managers)    Patients 
were  brought  into  the    Hospital,    who   crowded   the   Wards,    incommoding  our    summarily 
Patients,  and  rendering  it  impracticable  to  pursue  the  former  good  Order  of  the    introduced. 
House. 

Also  that  : 

Samuel  Rhoads,  Joseph  Swift,  and  Robert  Strettell  Jones  are  appointed  a 
committee  to  draw  up  a  memorial  to  the  Comr.  in  Chief,  representing  the  present 
distress'd  Situation  of  the  hospital  &  requesting  relief  in  the  premises. 

At  the  period  of  the  occupancy  of  the   Hospital    by  the  British 

troops,  the  Managers  were  again  confronted  with  the  financial  trouble 

arising    from   the  suspension   of  the  continental    currency,   and  the 

scarcity  and  high  prices  of  provisions  and  other  necessaries,   so  that 

thev  were  obliged  to  borrow  gold,  or  "  hard  monev,"  for  the  support 

"  Hard 
and  care  of  the  lunatics  and   provide   medicines   for   the  sick.     On    ,„o„ey" 

December  29,  1777,  it  is  recorded  :  times. 

In  the  present  Situation  of  Affairs  it  being  impossible  to  carry  on  the  Chari- 
table design  of  this  Institution  without  gold  or  silver  Coin,  it  is  agreed  to  borrow 
the  sum  of  one  hundred  Pounds  in  Specie  upon  Interest  from  Jacob  Shoemaker. 

On  May  25,  1778: 

A  Committee  consisting  of  Samuel   Rhoads,   Robert   Strettell  Jones,  James 

Pemberton  and   Thomas  Wharton,  was  appointed  to  wait  upon  Dr.   Morris,  the  "  '""^''y 

Inspector  General   of   the   British    Hospitals,  to  represent  to   him   the    Loss  in  Spoiliation  of 

Blankets,  Medicines  and  Hay  that  the  Institution  had  sustained  by  the  admission  '^°SP"*' 

of  the  sick  and  wounded  Soldiers  of  their  Army,  and  the  detention  of  the  Instru-  ' '■''P'^'^>- 
ments  and  to  request  an  immediate  restoration  of  them. 

59 


It  does  not  appear  on  the  records  that  the  Inspector  General  of 
the  British  Hospitals  offered  to  make  any  restitution  or  even  acknowl- 
edged  the  claim. 

A  further  illustration  of  the  inconvenience  and  injury  sustained 
during  the  period  of  occupation  is  found  in  the  message  sent  to  the 
Auditing  Committee  of  Assembly,  who,  upon  enquiring  for  the 
accounts  of  1777,  were  informed  October  11,  1779  : 

Annual  That  several  citizens,  four  of  whom  were  Managers  of  the  Hospital  having 

Accounts  been  sent  to  a  distant  part  of  the  Continent,  the  papers  necessary  for  making  out 
delayed,  that  account  had  been  mislaid  and  that  the  British  Army  having  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  Year  possessed  themselves  of  the  Hospital,  the  affairs  of  the  Managers 
were  tlirown  into  confusion,  that  the  Managers  however  did  not  despair  of  com- 
pleating  the  Accounts  of  that  Year,  which  should  be  laid  before  the  house  as  soon 
as  they  could  be  conipleated. 


East  Wing  of  the  Hospital  with  Elaboratory  on  the  right,  the  latter  built  in  176S. 

Continental  ^"  -'"'^  ^-'  '778>  ^n  agreement  was  entered  into  with  Jonathan 

Army  useof  I'otts,  D.  D.  G.,  and  Thomas  Bond,  Jr.,  .\.  D.  G.,  representing  the 

Hospital.   Medical   Department  of  the  Continental   Army,  for  the  use  by  the 

latter  of  the  pharmaceutical  "Elaboratory"'  of  the  Hospital  for  the 

purpose  of  preparing  and  compounding  medicines  for  the  use  of  the 

Military  Hospitals. 


*  The  building,  known  for  the  past  half  century,  as  the  "  Nonh  Ho^I^c,"  was  formerly  called 
"  the  Elaboratory."  It  is  first  mentioned  in  the  minutes  of  the  29th  of  eighth  month,  176S,  when  it 
is  recorded,  that  "  Samuel  Rhoads,  Jacob  Lewis  and  Isaac  Greenleafe,  are  appointed  to  purchase 
.Materials  &  employ  Tradesmen  to   Erect  a   Building  adjoining  the    Kitchen  Convenient  for  an 


60 


On  September  8,  1778  : 

Doctor  Bond,  Jr.,  of  the  Continental  Hospitals  applied  to  the  board  for  the 
admission  of  a  large  number  of  convalescent  Soldiers,  under  the  direction  and 
management  of  their  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  to  which  mode  the  Managers 
objecting,  and  upon  a  free  conference,  it  was  |)roposed  to  admit  from  time  to  time 
such  of  them  as  having  passed  the  usual  Examination  of  the  attending  Physicians 
and  sitting  Managers,  may  be  deemed  proper  Objects  ;  so  far  as  they  can  be 
accommodated  without  prejudice  to  our  own  Patients,  and  they  being  subject  to 
the  rules  and  management  established  in  the  house — the  Soldiers,  if  admitted,  are 
to  be  supplied  with  bedding  and  Provisions,  which  are  to  be  delivered  to  our 
Steward  by  their  Commissaries,  their  Nursing  &c.  to  be  paid  for  as  shall  hereafter 
be  agreed  upon. 

The  following  letter   received   by  Samuel  Rhoads   wa.s  communi- 
cated to  the  Board  at  a  meeting  held  third  month  30,  1779  : 

Sir. — I  am  called  upon  by  the  Medical  Director  General  of  the  U.  S.  Army 
Hospitals  to  accommodate  a  number  of  convalescents  who  are  to  be  removed  from 
the  general  Hospital  without  delay. 

We  shall  therefore  be  much  obliged  for  such  part  of  your  Hospital  as  can  be 
spared,  for  which  a  reasonable  rent  will  allowed. 

I  am  Sir,  Yours,  etc., 

(Signed)         I.  Melcher. 
Monday,  2gth  March. 

Which  being  considered, 

Samuel  Rhoads,  Edward  Penington,  Jos.  Swift  and  Robt.  Strettell  Jones  were 
appointed  to  inform  him,  that  there  is  no  part  of  this  house  can  be  conveniently 
spared  for  the  purpose  he  requires,  and  that  we  had  reason  given  us  to  expect, 


Convalescent 
Soldiers. 


Correspon- 
dence with 
Military 
.-Vuthorities. 


Elaboratory."    This  structure  is  shown  on  an  old  print  to  the  North  of  the  east  wing,  or  first  part 

of  the  Hospital,  which  was  built  in  1755-56. 

Although  originally  intended  to  be  but  one  story  high,  and  as  a  "  Elaboratory  ''  to  prepare  the 
drugs  for  the  Hospital,  it  was  subsequently  devoted  to  various  other  uses.  Lectures  were  delivered 
there,  and  at  one  tune  it  was  used  for  patients,  especially  for  sailors  from  U.  S.  Custotns,  and  subse- 
quently negroes  were  for  many  years  treated  in  this  building.  Of  late  years  no  distinction  of  color, 
race  or  condition  is  made  in  assigning  or  treating  patients  in  the  wards. 

On  November  24,  1783,  Dr.  John  Foulke  applied  for  the  liberty  to  use  one  of  the  upper  room'  of 
the  "  Elaboratory  "  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  Lectures  on  Chirurgical  and  Physical  Subjects 
during  the  season,  which  was  granted,  and  this  was  the  only  occasion  where  the  "  Elaboratory  "  is 
mentioned  as  being  the  place  selected  and  designated  by  the  lecturer. 

This  venerable  building,  built  with  the  same  kind  of  brick  as  the  Hospital,  was  put  to  many 
uses  besides  the  lectures  delivered  in  it.  It  was  seized  and  occupied  as  a  military  Laboratory  by  the 
British  while  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  afterwards  used  by  Dr.  Bond. 

On  the  25th  of  the  second  month,  1782,  the  committee  for  collecting  the  debts  was  authorized  to 
receive  from  Robert  Morris,  Esqr.,  the  Financier  General,  a  Certificate  bearing  Interest  for  Rent  due 
from  the  United  Slates  for  the  use  of  the  Elaboratory  before  Robert  Morris  undertook  the  office  of 
Financier  General.  There  had  occurred  some  misunderstanding  with  the  Financier  General  which 
was  eventually  adjusted.  On  the  2gth  of  the  ninth  month,  1783,  there  is  an  entry  of  "  £%j  5J,  in 
Robert  Morris's  Notes,  for  balance  of  Rent,  to  the  ist  of  the  8th  Month  last,  for  the  Elaboratory," 
reported  paid  to  the  treasurer,  by  the  committee.  Again  in  1735.  "  Received  for  rent  of  the  Elabo- 
ratory and  tenements  ^76  14^-"  As  late  as  1790,  there  was  received  a  certificate  of  a  debt  due  for 
rent  of  the  Elaborately  from  the  United  States  wilh  interest  from  January  i6,  1783. 

Subsequently,  (1829),  the  Managers  directed  a  stair-case  to  be  erected  for  the  accommodation  ot 
female  colored  patients,  with  liberty  to  enclose  part  of  the  garden  for  a  yard  for  their  use. 

The  building,  in  iSSt,  was  put  in  complete  order,  and  has  since  been  used  as  a  general  Recep- 
tion room  for  recent  accidents.     The  second  story  has  been  converted  into  a  general  Surgical  Ward. 


61 


when  we  accommodated  the  Doctors  of  the  Continental  Army,  with  our  Elabor- 
atory,  that  they  would  secure  us  against  being  farther  incommoded  ;  and  to  use 
such  other  arguments  as  may  occur  to  them,  to  convince  him  of  the  inexpediency 
and  impropriety  of  his  request,  which  if  he  docs  not  decline,  they  are  to  apply  to 
the  General,  and  such  others  in  power  as  may  be  proper  to  prevent  the  soldiers 
being  sent  there. 

At   a   meeting    of    the    Board     held    Ajjril    i,    1779,    Dr.   Bond 
attended  and  made  the  following  proposal   in  writing: 

Doctor  Thomas  Bond,  Jr.,  requests  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  would  receive  "a  number  of  convalescent  Patients  from  the  general  Hos- 
7  "^  pitals  into  theirs,  as  the  Bettering  I  louse  is  e.xceeding  crowded,  and  the  prescribing 
Patients.  Surgeons  of  the  Military  Hospitals  has  pointed  their  house  as  the  most  proper  for 
their  purpose  ;  they  and  Dr.  Bond  .igree  that  they  shall  be  under  the  care  of  Dr. 
Story  as  Steward,  but  that  a  military  Surgeon  will  prescribe  to  them  :  that  Dr. 
Bond  will  be  in  town,  and  hereby  engages  to  do  everything  in  his  power  to  restrain 
the  Soldiery,  and  prevent  their  commiling  Damages,  and  behaving  Irregularly, 
and  the  said  Bond  further  promises  to  do  all  in  his  power  to  remove  them  totally 
from  thence  in  six  weeks — the  lower  Ward  and  garret  only  will  suffice." 

Which  the  Managers  taking  into  Consideration,  agree  to  receive  such  conva- 
lescents as  having  passed  the  usual  examination  of  the  attending  Physicians  and 
sitting  Managers,  may  be  deemed  proper  Objects,  so  far  as  they  can  be  accom- 
modated in  the  lower  Ward  and  long  Carret,  under  the  care  of  their  own  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  but  subject  to  the  rules  and  Government  established  in  the 
Hospital.  The  Soldiers  upon  admission  are  to  be  supplied  free  of  any  expenceto 
the  Institution,  with  bedding,  provisions.  Firewood  and  all  other  necessaries — 
their  victuals  to  be  cooked  by  some  person  appointed  by  Dr.  Bond  or  his  agents 
for  that  service,  in  the  wash  house,  and  that  a  reasonable  compensation  be 
allowed  for  the  use  of  the  house.  The  Managers  duly  considering  the  trust 
reposed  in  them,  apprehend  they  cannot  receive  patients  upon  other  terms,  no 
persons  afflicted  with  any  infectious  distemper,  can  on  any  account  be  admitted, 
and  they  are  rather  induced  to  acquiesce  in  this  proposal  from  Dr.  Bond's 
engaging  "to  do  all  in  his  power  to  remove  them  in  si.\  weeks." 

June  16,  1779  : 
Dr.  Bond,  Jr.,  waited  upon  the  Board  and  returned  thanks  for  the  use  of  the 
house  for  the  Convalescents  of  the  military  Hospitals  iS:  expressed  his  desire  of 
paying  for  the  same.     The  .Managers  leave  it  to  the  Drs.'  generosity  to  make 
such  compensation  for  the  benefit,  as  he  may  deem  adequate. 

Proposition  Dr.  Bond,  Jr.,  in  a  subse(|iient  communication,  dated  July  22, 

to  receive    1 781,  to  the  Board,  i)roposed  : 

Sick 
„  .  That  all  the  British   Prisoners  now  sick   in  the  Gaol  of  this  City  should  be 

Prisoners.  ,  ,        ,        , 

admitted  as  pay  Patients  into  the  Hospital,  the  number  he  supposed  to  be  about 

Ninety  and  that  in  future  the  Sick  belonging  to  the  Army,  or  Sick  Prisoners, 
should  at  all  times  be  admitted  on  the  same  footing  ;  he  judged  the  average  num- 
ber to  be  cared  for  would  be  from  forty  to  sixty.  He  also  stated  that  he  had  con- 
versed with  Robert  Morris,  Financier  General,  who  gave  him  expectations  that 
some  Money  would  be  available  to  enable  the  Man.agers  to  provide  Bedding,  &c. 
Upon  being  informed  by  the  Board  that  no  persons  afflicted  with  malignant  or 
infectious  disorders  could  be  admitted  consistent  with  the  Rules  established  in 
this  Institution,  he  insisted  that  all  the  sick  must  be  admitted  or  none. 

62 


k. 


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i<wi<,V 


51 


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cK^„/xf-;%ifA  'Z.^  ii./.A"  2./  ^^^..  yv^.O  -^^./i-.  .«-/^i?^ 


^*^,, 


-^  -i--^..^  ^..//"/iC.k^^  ^  {S/^ji.  ^l7.-«r«v/r,^^4 1 


^9r^^  ^ 


.    -*i    ^-*u»>o«  »»,y.Ji^.i    •^•Ai^^.J    4S^-^.^ny  i-.^   --^  ^ 


\ 


CONTRACT  WITH  CONTINENTAL  ARMY  FOR  USE  OF  ELABORATORY. 


The  Board  having  maturely  considered  Ur.  Bond's  proposals  are  of  opinion  The  Proposi- 
they  are  totally  inadmissible  being  in  direct  repugnance  to  the  Rules  of  the  tion  rejected. 
Institution. 

Two  letters  were  received  from  Robert  Morris,  Esqr.,  the  Financier  General,    Continental 
at  a  meeting  held  on  December  3,  1783,  relating  to  the  above  application  made  by    .Soldiers 
Dr.  Bond,  Jr.,  for  the  admission  of  a  number  of  Sick  Continental  Soldiers.     A    .-ulmitted. 
Committee  at  the  same  meeting  reported   upon  a  conference  they  had  with  the 
Financier.     Mr.    Morris  having  acceded  to  the  rules  established  in  the  Hospital, 
the  Managers  decided  to  receive  such  of  the  diseased  Soldiers  at  fifteen  shillinfis 
Per  Week,    provided  bedding   &  cloathing   be  furnished  for  them  and  that  they 
shall  in  all  Instances  be  subject  to  and  governed  by  the  same  Rules   &    Regula- 
tions as  other  Pay  Patients. 

Some    years  later,  during  the  war  with  England  of  1812-15,  the   Soldier 

Hospital  was  again  called  upon  by  the  Military  authorities  for  aid.    P;ii>cnts  of 

*"  1812 

The  minutes  of  the  Meeting  of  April  25,  1814,  refer  to  a  letter  from 

Alexander  Walker,   Jr.,  Agent    for   British   Prisoners,    in    which    he 

stated  that 

he  had  paid  for  the  Board  of  Wounded  Prisoners  Sent  to  the  Hospital  "  cer- 
tain Sums  which  Col.  Barclay  Com'g.  General  declines  to  refund  "  was  received 
&  read.  The  President  is  requested  to  return  an  answer  to  the  said  Letter  and 
to  inform  Alexander  Walker  that  this  Institution  is  chiefly  supported  by  private 
Contribution  &  the  U.  States  do  not  contribute  at  all  to  its  support.  That  the 
United  States  having  no  Marine  Hospital  in  this  district  send  their  diseased 
Sailors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  pay  for  their  Board  regularly  as  a  Matter 
of  course  &  that  ahhough  individuals  who  are  strangers  and  destitute  of  Money 
and  friends  are  frequently  received  maintained  and  relieved  at  the  expence  of 
the  Hospital  yet  that  in  all  Cases  where  there  are  private  friends  or  Public  Agents 
the  Managers  take  Security  from  them  and  receive  the  price  agreed  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  Patients. 

On  January  5,  1780,  upon  making  up  the  account  for  1777,  it  H,,spital 
was  found  that  the  Hospital  had  become  indebted  to  a  number  of  the  a;;ainin  Debt. 
Managers  and  other  private  citizens,  for  various  sums  of  money  loaned 
during  the  term  of  British  occupation.  These  sums  aggregated 
^1104  I2J-.  ^d.  To  cancel  this  indebtedness,  the  Managers  were 
compelled,  by  assigning  several  bonds  and  mortgages,  to  cripple  the 
finances,  which  were  already  in  a  state  of  great  depletion,  on  account 
of  the  depreciation  of  paper  money  and  imsettled  condition  of  the 
currency. 

On  January  20,  17S0,  the  Assembly  was  memorialized  for  further   Appeal  to  the 
assistance  in  the  financial  emergency.     In   this  document   the   recent   •;^s^^''"ti'>- 
military  experience  was  referred  to,  as  follows  : 

Certain  Contingencies  and  unfortunate  Circumstances,  in  the  present  War 
concurred  in  reducing  the  Capital,  augmenting  the  common  E.\penses  and  involv- 
ing the  Institution  in  Debt.  First — The  Laws  compelling  the  Managers  to  give 
up  their  Securities  for  Monies  lent  and  receiving  in  lieu  thereof  depreciated  paper 
Currency.  Secondly — The  British  Army,  invading  the  City  possessing  them- 
selves of  the  Hospital,  occasioning  the  suspension  of  Paper  Currency  within  their 

63 


Mana|;ers' 
Fines. 


Lines,  raisinf;  llie  price  of  Provisions  and  necessitating  the  Managers  to  borrow 
Gold  to  support  the  Lunatics  and  to  supply  the  Apothecary  Shop  and  several  of 
the  Wards  with  those  Articles,  which  by  their  means  were  lost  or  destroyed. 
Thirdly— Hy  the  continued  depreciation  of  the  Currency  which  the  Treasurer  is 
from  time  to  time  obliged  to  receive  for  Interest  of  the  Capital  Stock  or  for  Rents 
and  the  consequent  exorbitant  charges  uf  Ilousekeepins- 

The  rule  relative  to  fines  to  be  imposed  on  tlie  Managers  for 
non-attendance,  or  for  lateness,  it  seems,  had  not  recently  been 
enforced,  and  a  minute  on  August  S,  17S2,  states: 

The  necessity  increasing  of  the  Managers  punctually  attending  to  the  Duties 
of  their  appointed  Meetings— it  is  determined  that  every  Member  who  shall  be 
absent  longer  than  fifteen  minutes  after  the  stated  hour  of  the  Board's  Monthly, 
or  adjourned.  Meetings  shall  pay  to  John  Morton,  who  is  appointed  to  collect  the 
same,  a  fine  of  one  shilling.  And  for  total  absence  during  such  Meetings  2/6, 
unless  prevented  by  Sickness. 

The  book  of  fines  was  kept  by  the  clerk  and  is  shown  in  the 
following  e.xhibit  of  the  accounts  of  two  prominent  members: 


The  confidence  and  sympathy    of  the  Assembly  of  I'ennsylvania 

at  this  time  was  shown  by  a  resolution  adopted  December   28,    1781, 

as  follows : 

Assembly  Risolvril,  That  the  money  arising  from  fines  paid  by  Members  of  the  House 

approve  the    for  not  attending  pursuant  to  adjournment,  &c.,  be  paid  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 

Management.    Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  use  thereof. 

64 


This  grant  of  the  Assembly  was  received  by  the  Managers  in 
17S2,  and  amounted  to  jQz.  \2S.  dd.  State  money  and  ;^3i.  i6x.  a,d. 
S))ecie,  as  stated  in  the  Hospital  financial  rei)ort  for  year  ending 
Ajiril  26,  1782. 

On  March  3,  1783,  the  minutes  state: 

Nathaniel  Falconer  represents,  that  in  Compliance  with  the  desire  of  the  last    Grant  of 
Board,  he  applied  to   the  Comptroller's   Office,   to   know   whether  the  account    Assembly 
exhibited  by  the  Hospital  for  Money  due  from  the  supreme  executive  Council  was    alleged  to  be 
examined,  and  he  was  informed  by  the  Comptroller  that  the  Sum  of  ten  thousand    a  Loan. 
Pounds  continental  Money  received  by  this  Institution  in  the  months  of  March, 
April  iS:  May,  1780,  stood  charged  against  the  Hospital,  as  so  much  lent  by  the 
Assembly — which  being  contrary  to  what  he  conceived,   was  understood  by  the 
Managers,  it  was  deemed  necessary  to  call  this  Meeting. 

Whereupon  the  following  action  was  taken  : 

The  Board  taking  the  same  into  their  serious  Consideration,  and  finding  on 
l)erusing  the  Memorial  presented  on  the  20th  of  the  first  month,  1780,  to  the  honor- 
able house  of  Assembly  that  it  prayed  for  a  pecuniary  aid  to  the  distressed  situa- 
tion of  the  Hospital ;  and  the  said  ^10,000  was  by  the  Treasurer  credited  in  his 
Accounts  as  a  grant,  from  this  State,  not  as  a  loan,  it's  judged  expedient  to  address 
the  Assembly  thereon,  requesting  the  honorable  House  will  be  pleased  to  con- 
sider it  as  a  Donation. 

A  memorial  was  accordingly  prepared  and  sent 

To  the  Honorable  the  Representatives  of  the  Freemen  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Pennsylvania  in  General  .\ssembly  met. 

The  Memorial  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Respectfully 
Sheweth, 

That  their  predecessors  in  Office  were  under  the  necessity  of  applying  in  the 
Year  17.S0  to  your  honourable  House  for  such  "  Aids  as  might  extricate  them  from 
their  Difficulties  by  discharging  the  Hospital  debts,  restoring  the  Capital  Stock, 
and  enabling  the  Managers  to  prosecute  the  laudable  purposes  of  the  Institution." 

That  in  consequence  of  this  application  the  Assembly  were  pleased  to  direct 
an  order  to  issue  bearing  date  the  27th  of  March,  1780,  in  favor  of  the  Hospital 
for  ten  thousand  Pounds  continental  Money,  which  was  received  and  considered 
by  the  Managers  as  a  gift,  entered  as  such  in  their  Books,  and  soon  disposed  of  in 
the  necessary  Expenses  of  the  House. 

That  your  Memorialists  unexpectedly,  and  with  great  concern  find,  that  the 
above  Sum  stands  recorded  on  your  minutes  as  a  Loan  ;  and  that  they  are  liable 
to  be  called  on  for  the  repayment  of  the  same. 

Your  Memorialists  therefore  are  obliged  to  solicit  the  Indulgent  Attention  of 
your  Honourable  House  on  this  occasion,  confidently  hoping  you  will  be  pleased 
to  order  the  above  Claim  to  be  relinquished.  They  beg  leave  at  the  same  time  to 
observe,  that  the  same  cause,  which  produced  the  former  Memorial  still  exists 
with  equal  force — and  that  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  now  stands  in  the  greatest 
need  of  support,  public  as  well  as  private. 

Pennsvlvanh  Hosi'iTAL,  3d  mo,  6th,  17S3. 

The  Committee  also  prepared  the  following  "brief  view,"  for   Brief  \  lew 

the  Assembly,  which  proved  successful  and  the  claim  was  remitted.  .   , 

'  presented. 


Petition  of 
Managers  to 
Asserabl)-. 


65 


The  Members  who  are  so  obliging  as  tn  cliliver  the  Memorial  of  the  MaiiRKers 
Statement  °^  '''^  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  the  Assembly,  will  please  li>  be  informed— that 
and  Appeal  ^'"■'  '"'ention  of  the  Memorialists  in  the  Year  1780  was  to  obtain  a  gift  Irom  the 
to  Assembly.  Assembly  to  enable  them  to  pay  the  Debts  of  the  Hospital,  which  then  amounted 
to  upwards  of  eleven  hundred  Pounds  in  Specie,  ft  in  son)e  degree  Ici  restore  the 
Capital  Stock  which  had  sulFered  a  loss  of  about  eight  thousand  I'ounds  like 
Money  by  the  receipt  of  depreciated  Currency.'  That  the  Sum  received  in  con- 
sequence of  that  application  was  Ten  thousand  Pounds  continental  Currency 
which  at  sixty-one,  for  one,  the  Exchange  established  by  Government  amounted 
lo  no  more  than  One  liundred  &  sixty-three  Pounds  eighteen  shillings  ft  eight 
pence. 

That  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital  remained  strangers  to  its  being  con- 
sidered as  a  Loan,  until  on  their  Steward  lately  exhibiting  an  Account  against 
the  State  for  the  board,  ftc,  of  some  Soldiers  amounting  to  ^'69  I2.t  01/,  it  was 
ordered  by  the  Council  to  be  carried  to  the  Credit  of  the  Money  lent  lo  the 
Hospital. 

That  the  reduced  Funds  of  the  Institution  makes  it  necessary  for  them  to  be 
very  assiduous  in  collecting  every  farthing,  that  is  due  thereto  on  any  Account 
and  even  then  what  they  receive  is  insufficient  to  p.iy  the  hire  of  necessary 
attendants,  purchase  Wood,  and  provide  bedding,  and  other  conveniences,  and 
puis  it  out  of  their  Power  to  take  few,  but  Pay  Patients,  which  is  far  from  being 
within  the  original  View  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

These  Considerations,  the  Managers  are  persuaded  will  be  sufficient  to 
induce  the  Assembly  to  comply  with  the  present  Request,  and  they  Hatter  them- 
selves would  produce  some  immediate  relief  if  the  state  of  the  Public  Finances 
would  possibly  admit  of  it. 

To  this  was  added  subsequently  this  suggestion,  May  6,  1  7S3  : 

Exemption  There  is  however  one  Circumstance  which  the  Managers   beg   leave  to  men- 

from  Military    t'on,  and  which  they  hope  the  Gentlemen  to  whose  Care  the  present   Memorial   is 
Duty,    commitled  will  not  think  improper — they  could  wish  their  Steward   was  excused 
from  Militia  Fines  and  Duties  as  in  the  first  place,  it  is  out  of  his  Power  to  leave 
his  Trust  for  the  Time  that  is  necessary  for  the  purpose  ;  and  the  cost  of  non-com- 
pliance falls  ultimately  upon  the  Hospital. 

On  November  2,  1786,  the  Managers  again  jjclitioned  tlie  .Vsseni- 
bly  to  exempt  the  Steward,  Apothecary  and  Cell  Keeper  from  Military 
Service,  in  consideration  of  the  injury  to  which  the  patients  would  be 
liable  when  these  employees  >vould  be  absent  from  their  post  duties. 

In   accordance   with   this  request   these  officers  of  the  Hospital 
were  exempted  by  statute  from  military  service. 
Unclaimed  The    Memorial    to  the  Assembly,  on  Second  month   25,    1782, 

prize  money  resulted  in  the  ai)proi)riation  of  all  unclaimed  shares  from  prizes  taken 
by  the  .Vmerican  privateers  and  letters  of  marque,  by  a  special  Act. 
While  the  amounts  ultimately  received  appeared  large,  the  great 
depreciation  of  Continental  currency  made  the  donation  of  cotnpara- 


*  Exact  sum,  ^8259  ijs  id.  The  expenses  of  the  Hospital,  though  greatly  reduced,  were  double 
its  fixed  income.  In  1788-89  it  was  in  such  straits  that  only  seventy-seven  patients  were  admitted 
during  the  year,  of  which  number  only  twenty-eight  were  free  or  charity  patients — the  average 
number  under  treatment  being  forty -seven,  mostly  incurable  lunatics. 

66 


lively  little  value  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  current  exjienses. 
These  unclaimed  shares  were  those  of  seamen  and  others  killed  in 
naval  engagements  or  lost  at  sea,  who  had  no  surviving  relatives  to 
claim  the  amounts  belonging  to  them. 

It   was    deemed    advisable    by    the    Board    at   a   Meeting    held   Committee  on 
March  2,  1786,  to  appoint  a  Committee  on   Economy  with  powers   Economy, 
not  very  clearly  defined,  but  which  proved  to  be  very  extensive. 

While  great  service  was  undoubtedly  rendered  by  this  Committee, 
the  fact  remained  that,  probably  on  account  of  its  activity  and  efficienc}-, 
it  became  very  unpopular  with  some  of  the  Managers,  subsequently, 
who  thought  it  too  officious  and  unduly  interfering.  This  finally  led 
to  a  spirited  dispute  in  1828,  which  proved  to  be  the  only  serious  disa- 
greement recorded  during  the  existence  of  the  Hospital.      (Page  85.) 

The  American  Philosophical  Society  sent  an  invitation  to  the  Eulogium  on 
Hospital  officials  to  meet  with  this  Society  at  the  German  Lutheran  Fr.inklin. 
Church  on  Fourth  above  Arch  Street,  on  March  ist,  1791,  to  hear  an 
Eulogium  on  the  late  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin,  by  the  Rev.  William 
Smith.  This  invitation  was  accepted  by  the  Managers.  Among  the 
distinguished  guests  ]5resent  were  President  and  Mrs.  Washington,  the 
Vice-President  and  Mrs.  Adams,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States, 
the  Governor,  and  State  Legislature,  and  a  large  number  of  prominent 
citizens. 

In    the  spring    of  1798,  when    the    Managers  were  using   every   Franklin's 
endeavor    to    increase    the  funds    of  the    Hospital,   a  rumor  became   Legacy, 
current  in  the  city  that  Franklin  had  left  a  considerable  legacy  to  the 
Hospital  of  which  no   public  acknowledgment  had  ever  been  made. 
The  following  letter,  signed  by  eighteen    contributors  was  received 
by  the  Managers : 

Pennsylvania  Hospital,  30  Ap.  1798. 
GenllemcH :  There  having  been  published  in  the  News  Papers  a  piece 
intimating  that  the  plan  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  has  not  been  approved  by 
the  Contributors  ;  also  that  the  late  Doctor  Franklin  left  a  considerable  Legacy 
which  has  added  to  the  funds  of  the  Institution  of  which  no  account  has  been 
given  to  the  Public,  We  request  you  in  order  to  remove  any  improper  impressions 
that  may  have  been  made  on  the  minds  of  the  people  to  the  prejudice  of  the 
Hospital  in  respect  to  the  said  Plan  &  Legacy  to  publish  in  one  of  the  news 
papers  of  the  City,  the  E.xtract  of  Doc.  Franklin's  Will  with  the  Minute  made 
by  the  Managers  on  the  31st  of  5th  mo.  and  the  2Sth  of  6th  mo.,  1790;  also  the 
minutes  of  the  Contributors  on  the  said  Will  dated  the  13th  of  7th  mo.,  1790, 
together  with  the  minutes  of  the  Contributors  made  at  their  especial  Meeting  the 
1st  of  the  2d  month,  1794,  respecting  the  plan  of  the  new  building,  etc. 

The  Managers  agreed  to  publish  the  extracts  from  the  will  of 
Doctor  Franklin  and  also  the  minutes  as  requested  in  one  of  the 
papers  as  follows ; 

67 


Extract  from 

Franklin's 

Will. 


Report  of 

Committee 

upon 

Franklin's 

Accounts. 


Contributors 

discuss 

Franklin's 

Legacy. 


E.xtract  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin's  Will,  dated  the  17th  July,  1788  : 
"  During  the  number  of  years  I  was  in  the  business  as  a  Stationer,  Printer  and 
Post  .Master  a  great  many  small  sums  became  due  to  me  for  books,  advertise- 
ments, postage  of  letters  and  other  matters  which  were  not  collected  when  in 
■757  I  was  sent  to  Kiigland  by  the  .'Vssembly  as  their  Agent  and  by  subsequent 
appointments  continued  there  until  1775  when  on  my  return  I  was  immediately 
engaged  in  the  Affairs  of  Congress  and  sent  to  France  in  1776  where  I  remained 
Nine  Years  not  returning  till  1785;  and  the  said  debts  not  being  demanded  in 
such  a  length  of  time  are  become  in  a  manner  obsolete  yet  are  nevertheless  justly 
due.  These  as  they  stated  in  my  great  folio  "  Ledger  E."  I  bequeath  to  the 
Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  hoping  that  those  debtors  and  the 
descendants  of  such  as  are  deceased  who  now  as  I  find  make  some  difliculties  of 
satisfying  such  antiquated  demands  as  just  debts  may  however  be  induced  to  pay 
or  give  them  as  Charity  to  that  excellent  Institution.  lam  sensible  that  much 
must  inevitably  be  lost  but  I  hope  something  considerable  may  be  recovered.  It 
is  possible  too  that  some  of  the  Parties  charged  may  have  existing  old  unsettled 
Accounts  against  me  in  which  case  the  Managers  of  the  .said  Hospital  will  allow 
and  deduct  the  Amount  or  pay  the  balance  if  they  find  it  against  me." 

The  circumstances  under  which  this  legacy  is  left  to  the  Contributors  being 
considered,  it  is  agreed  that  it  will  be  improper  to  conclude  either  to  accept  or 
resign  it  without  further  consideration  ;  for  the  present  the  Board  appoint  Elliston 
Perot  and  Cornelius  Barnes  to  take  off  from  Benjamin  Franklin's  "  Ledger  E," 
the  several  balances  due  thereon,  which  Committee  are  requested  to  obtain  what 
Information  they  can  respecting  the  debts  and  to  call  a  special  Meeting  when  they 
are  ready  to  report. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  examine  the  Ledger  of  the  late  Doctor 
Franklin  and  to  report  thereon,  now  produced^  a  State  of  several  Accounts 
arranged  in  Alphabetical  Order  on  the  whole  of  which  there  ap|iears  a  balance 
due  to  his  Estate  of  Five  thousand  five  hundred  and  eight  Pounds  14-1. 

They  also  report  they  find  divers  blanks  debits  and  credits,  the  amounts  of 
which  they  arc  not  able  to  ascertain  ;  the  Committee  further  report  they  called  on 
several  Persons  who  appear  to  be  in  Debt,  some  of  whom  say  they  have  Accounts 
against  the  Doctor  exceeding  considerably  his  demands  .against  them  ;  Others  say 
the  Estates  of  their  Predecessors  have  been  settled  many  Years  since  and 
Division  made,  so  that  they  cannot  consent  to  admit  of  any  such  antiquated 
claims  ;  Upon  the  whole  the  Committee  conceive  there  is  no  probability  of  the 
legacy  being  productive  because  the  Act  of  Limitations  applies  against  all  the 
demands  on  the  Authority  of  this  Ledger  and  it  being  a  Condition  annexed  to  the 
bequest  that  the  balance  should  be  paid  by  the  Contributors  if  any  should  be  due 
from  the  testator's  Estate,  the  Managers  cannot  therefore  accept  of  this  (lift  at 
the  risk  of  paying  the  debts  of  the  decedent  unless  the  Contributors  require  them 
to  do  it  and  therefore  in  Order  to  know  their  Opinion  and  to  be  enabled  to  pursue 
their  directions,  it  is  agreed  that  the  Clerk  shall  advertise  a  General  Meeting  of 
the  Contributors  to  be  held  at  the  Hospital  on  Tuesday,  the  I3tli  of  July  next  at 
3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  in  order  to  lay  before  them  an  extract  of  the  Will  for 
them  to  proceed  thereon  as  they  apprehend  the  Occasion  requires. 

The  Clerk  advertised  the  Contributors  to  meet  and  consider  Dr. 
Franklin's  Legacy,  who  accordingly  met,  and  made  the  following 
minutes  on  the  subject : 

At  a  general  Meeting  of  the  Contributors  held  seventh  month,  July  ij,  1790,  at 
the  Hospital  pursuant  to  Law  public  Notice  thereof  being  given  in  two  of  the 


68 


News  Papers  of  this  City  of  Philadelphia,  advertising  them  to  meet  for  the 
Especial  purpose  of  considering  of  a  Legacy  left  to  the  Contributors  for  the  Use 
of  the  Institution  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin  deceased  and  to  determine  what  is 
proper  to  be  done  on  the  Occasion.     *     *  *    '^    * 

An  extract  from  the  last  will  and  Testament  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklyn 
deceased  was  read,  which  has  already  been  inserted  under  the  Minutes  of  5  mo. 

3i>   1790- 

The  Minutes  of  the  Managers  respecting  the  Case  were  then  read  likewise    The  Con- 
the  Report  of  the  Committee  appointed  by  them  to  adjust  the  balances  of  the  said    tributors 
Ledger  and  the  answers  they  received  from  a  number  of  Persons  to  whom  they    Decline  the 
have  applied  and   who  appear  to  be  in  debt ;  An  alphabetical  List  of  the  debts    Conditional 
taken  by  the  same  Committee  was  also  inspected  and  a  general  view  of  the  Ledger    Bequest, 
taken  by  the  Contributors,  from  which  it  appears  that  many  ol  the   debts  are 
small,  numbers  of  them  due  from  Persons  unknown,  and  all  of  them  from  thirty 
to  sixty  years  old,  which  precludes  every  hope  of  recovering  as   much  as  will 
answer  the  demands  exhibited  against  the  decedent ;  it  is  therefore  the  uxanimocs 

OPINION  OF  ALL  THE  CONTRIBLTORS  PRESENT  THAT  THIS  LEGACV  CANNOT 
WITH    S.AFETV    BE   ACCEPTED. 

Nevertheless  being  gratefully  sensible  of  the  active  part  which  Doctor 
Franklyn  took  in  promoting  the  Institution  and  having  experienced  the  benefits 
of  his  benevolent  Exertions  for  the  Interests  thereof  on  various  occasions,  they 
lament  the  Necessity  they  are  under  of  declining  to  accept  of  a  legacy  from  which 
the  Doctor  expresses  a  hope  that  something  considerable  might  be  recovered  but 
which  the  Contributors  have  great  reason  to  believe  will  never  be  the  Case  ; 
Under  these  Impressions  it  is  agreed  that  the  Managers  should  return  the  Ledger 
to  Dr.  Franklyn's  executors  with  a  Copy  of  this  Minute. 

Signed  in  behalf  and  by  desire  of  the  Contributors. 

James  Pemberto.n  President. 
Witness :  Samuel  Co.a.tes  Clerk. 

On  April  30,  1792,  however,  the  minutes  state  that: 

A  curious  Bedstead  is  presented  for  the  use  of  ye  Patients,  by  the  Executors 
of  Dr.  B.  Franklin,  at  his  request  in  his  life  lime,  which  the  Steward  is  to  put  in 
the  long  Room  against  ye  next  Meeting. 

A  special  meeting  was  held,  at  the  house  of  Samuel  Coates,  8  mo,  28,  1793,    Yellow  Fever 
for  the  purpose  of  looking  into  a  violation  of  the  rules  of  the  Hospital  on  account    Patients, 
of  patients  having  been  admitted,  said  to  be  suffering  from  "  yellow  fever." 

It  having  been  learned  that 

Two  men  had  lately  been  admitted  who  were  infected  with  a  putrid 
malignant  fever,  which  now  prevails  in  the  city  ;  one  of  whom  (a  negro)  died  the 
morning  after  he  came  in  ;  and  the  other  supposed  to  be  in  the  last  stage  of  Yellow 
Fever,  for  which  there  is  great  reason  to  fear  the  spreading  thereof,  to  the 
danger  of  the  other  patients  in  the  House  ;   as  well  as  communicating  therewith. 

Dr.  Foulke,  under  whose  authority  the  patients  had  been  admitted. 

was  requested 

To  visit  the  patients  and  investigate  the  matter,  and  do  everything  in  his 
power  to  prevent  the  increase  of  this  disorder  in  the  family. 

Being  thoroughly  aroused    to    the   impending   danger   from   the 
epidemic,  it  was  agreed   that  every  physician  should  exercise  e.xtra 

69 


caution  in  his  examination  of  |)a'lients,  especially  those  with   fevers, 
before  admitting  them  to  the  wards  of  the  Hos|)ital. 
Yellow  Fever  A  refuge  had  been  provided  by  the  authorities  at  "  Hush  Hill," 

Hospital,  j^  ^  house  and  property  of  William  Hamilton,  which  had  been  taken 
by  the  city  |>hysicians  as  a  Hospital  to  accommodate  yellow  fever 
patients  and  other  victims  of  epidemic  disease.  The  Managers,  there- 
fore, were  confirmed  in  their  position  that  it  was  not  their  duty  to 
receive  such  ]iatients,  for  fear  of  spreading  the  disease  in  the  more 
thickly  settled  part  of  the  cit)-. 

The  condition  of  affairs  in  Philadelphia  at  this  time  wasai)palling  ; 
the  minutes  of  September  30,  1793,  state  : 

Tin-  Yellow  Fever  raging  in  the  city  with  great  violence,  a  Board  of  Man- 
agers cannot  be  expected  to  meet  until  it  abates,  many  of  them  being  out  of  town 
or  sick,  and  Cornelius  Barnes  dead.  It  is  agreed  by  the  Managers  present  that 
each  of  them  will  attend  and  do  the  duty  of  the  sitting  Managers,  the  ensuing 
month,  (if  their  health  permits)  as  often  as  they  can. 

An  attempt  to  hold  a  meeting  to  consider  the  cases  of  two   patients  in  the 

Regular    house  re<iuinng  immediate  consideration  of  the  Physicians,  and  Dr.  Hutchinson 

Meetings    being   dead,   and    Doctors    Sliippen,    Kulm    and    Foulke    in    the    country,   the 

of  Managers    Drs.   Rush  and  Park,  who  are  the  only  two  Physicians  of  the  house  who  have 

suspended,    remained  in  the  City,  are  reqiiested  to  give  their  attendance  as  soon  as  possible, 

to  hold  a  Consultation  thereon  ;  in  which  Rr.  Wistar  is  requested  as  a  favour,  to 

assist  them. 

There  being  no  (|uorum.  it  was  decided  that 

.As  business  of  importance  requires  the  Karly  attendance  of  the  Managers, 
and  as  the  Yellow  Fever  is  much  abated,  and  the  house  is  clear  of   it,  th.at  this 
Soeciil    ^'f<-'t'"K  ''^  adjourned  tu  the  6th  day  of  the  nth  month,  at  11  o'clock  in  the  Morn- 
Meeting    '"S'  ^^'"S  .ve  fourth  day  of  the  week   and  that  the  Clerk  notify  the  Managers  to 
called     '"^^'  there  at  the  time  appointed. 

The  attending  Managers  borrowed  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds 
from  the  Treasurer,  for  the  use  of  the  house,  as  it  was  not  considered 
safe  for  the  Steward  to  go  into  the  town  to  collect  money.  It  is 
recorded  that  Dr.  l*"oulke 

Hath  only  appeared  three  times  in  the  course  of  the  month  ;  the  last  time  he 
was  here  he  excused  himself  by  saying,  it  was  improper  for  him  to  attend  the 
hospital  when  he  w.is  continually  amongst  the  infected  cases. 

On  November  25,  1793,  the  Managers  considered  it  their  duty  to 
record  their  reasons  for  not  meeting  for  three  months  and  apparent 
neglect  of  duty  : 

Reasons  .^  ^^^y  malignant  disorder,  commonly  called  the  Yellow  Fever,  hath  raged  with 

assigned  for    g^gj,(  Violence  from  the  early  part  of  the  8th  month  last,  to  the  9th  day  of  the  nth 
not  meeting.    ,„o„ti,  inclusive;  in  that  short  period  of  99  days  upwards  of  four  thousand  Per- 
sons have  died  in  the  City  and  Liberties. 

This  number  we  compute  to  be  nearly  equal  to  the  one  fifteenth  part  of  all 
the  Inhabitants  including  strangers.     A  c'alamity  so  great  involving  various  other 

70 


duties  to  ourselves,  our  families  and  friends  hath  prevented  many  of  the  members 
of  this  board,  from  attending  the  Services  of  the  house.  We  have  reason,  how- 
ever, to  be  thankful,  that  during  the  awful  visitation,  not  more  than  two  Persons 
in  the  fever  were  admitted  into  the  hospital,  who  died  therein,  without  spreading 
the  disease.  This  was  owing  through  divine  blessing  to  the  care  that  was  taken 
to  prevent  the  least  Communication  with  infected  Persons  for  whose  .Accommoda- 
tion the  Citizens  took  and  supported  a  separate  Building.  But  the  loss  we  £jj_,.,j|,  ^f  ^ 
lament  to  tliis  institution  in  particular,  is  the  death  of  Cornelius  Barnes,  a  very  Mana„er 
upright  and  faithful  Manager;  and  of  Dr.  James  Hutchinson,  a  very  able  and  3„j  ^ 
eminent  Physician  who  spent  many  of  his  Youthful  days  as  a  resident  .Apothecary  physic j^n 
of  the  house,  and  cheerfully  devoted  the  last  14  Years  of  his  valuable  time  in 
performing  successfully  the  most  difficult  and  disagreeable  duties  of  Surgery,  by 
which  he  was  made  through  the  blessing  of  Providence  the  Instrument  of  saving 
many  lives.  He  was,  moreover,  known  with  other  friends  of  this  Institution, 
effectually  to  advocate  its  Interest  with  the  Assembly  and  People  on  every 
Occasion  ;  whereby  many  additional  grants  and  Donations  were  secured  to  the 
house,  for  all  of  which  the  Managers  and  sick  poor  of  the  Institution,  will  hold 
him  in  grateful  Remembrance.  But  whilst  we  lament  the  Loss  of  our  valuable 
fellow  Citizens  and  friends,  let  us  remember  that  resignation  to  the  Sovereign  will 
of  the  Almighty  Disposer  of  human  Events,  is  our  indispensable  duty ;  and  being 
thankful  individually,  for  his  merciful  Preservation  of  us,  we  proceed  under  a 
due  sense  of  Sympathy  for  all  the  afflicted  and  distressed  to  the  other  business  of 
the  Meeting. 

In  1 798,  the  signs  of  the  approaching  epidemic  were  again  recog-   Yellow  Fever 
nized.     Past  experiences  had  so  thoroughly  terrorized  the  inhabitants  ''sam 
that  large  numbers  took  the   precaution  to  escape  danger  by  fleeing 
from  the  city. 

At  the  monthly  meeting,  August  27,  1798,  yellow  fever  then 
raging  in  the  city,  there  were  only  three  Managers  present,  whose 
minds  were  not  reassured  when  it  was  ascertained  that  a  patient  had 
died  recently  in  the  house  of  the  fever. 

Deeming  it  too  dangerous  to  hold  meetings  at  the  Hospital,  the  Meeti„gs  gj 
Managers  decided  to  temporarily  meet  and  transact  all  business  relat-  Middle  Ferry 
ing  to  the  Hospital,  at  Middle  Ferry  (Market  Street)  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill, until  the  epidemic  should  have  subsided.  At  the  meeting  held 
September  24,  1798,  at  "  the  Ferry,"  there  were  only  four  Managers 
present,  Samuel  Coates,  Robert  Wain,  Israel  Pleasants,  and  Robert 
Smith,  with  Mordecai  Lewis,  the  Treasurer.  An  assistant  female 
nurse  of  the  men's  ward  was  reported 

Sick  with  yellow  fever,  she  is  supposed  to  have  caught  it  by  going  for  clothes 
in  an  infected  house  in  the  city. 

Other  cases  of  the  same  disease  soon  developing  in  the  Hospital, 

measures  were  taken  to  have  them  removed  to  the  City  Hospital. 

The  following  note  e.xplains  the  failure  to  meet  July  13,  1805  : 

Five  of  the  Managers  beinc  out  of  town,  one  of  them  sick  and  the  Appear- 

prevents 
ance  of  a  heavy  Gust  rising  about  the  time  of  this  meeting,  a  Board  could  not  be      .      . 

obtained,  wherefore  adjourned  to  the  ne.\t  stated  meeting. 

7' 


The  Epidemic 


At  this  time  also  another  alarming  disease  in  the  community  was 
causing  grave  apprehensions.  On  September  30th,  the  minutes  state 
that 

Another  A  malignant  fever  prevailing  in  Soulliwark,  and  a  few  instances  have  occurred 

Epidemic,    in  some  parts  of  the  City  is  supposed  to  have  occasioned  the   absence   of  several 
members  for  which  reason  a  Board  cannot  be  made. 

The  following  contemporary  notes  by  Samuel  Coates,  one  of  the 
most  active  of  the  Managers,  are  sufficiently  curious  to  be  put  upon 
record.  They  are  taken  from  a  diary  which  he  liahitualiy  carried 
with  him,  and  in  whicli  were  found  many  interesting  observations 
relative  to  tlic  hosjiital,  some  of  which  appear  upon  other  pages  of 
this  history  : 
Interesting  "  This  year  (i  798)  the  yellow  fever  made  more  terrible  ravages 

Account  of  {]^j^j^  it  had  ever  before  done  in  Philada.  in  proportion  to   the  no.  of 
.  peojjle  who  remained  in   the  City  ;    it  is  conjectured   that   2/3rds  at 

least  of  all  the  Inhabitants  had  abandoned  it ;  I  cautioned  very 
strictly  the  family  of  one  Lightbody,  who  fled  to  Derby  for  safety, 
not  to  return  before  the  Committee  of  Health  invited  the  Citizens  to 
return  home,  but  he  was  too  bold,  &  returned,  notwithstanding  my 
earnest  remonstrance  against  it  in  one  or  2  days  after  I  saw  him,  with 
all  his  family  of  6  Persons  thinking  that  a  slight  frost  which  had  only 
checked  the  fever  had  stopt  it  ;  the  consequence  was  that  himself  I'i: 
his  Partner  in  business  with  3  out  of  their  four  children,  all  died  & 
were  buried  in  7  or  8  Days — Only  one  daughter  surviving  of  the 
whole  family  of  6  Persons. 

"  During  the  continuance,  of  the  fever  my  family  left  the  City  & 
I  took  up  my  abode  in  the  Penns'a  Hospital  from  which  I  came  almost 
daily  to  the  City  to  assist  the  Committee  of  Health  in  their  arduous 
duty  ;  while  I  was  at  the  Hospital  I  had  the  following  remarkable 
Dream  which  was  soon  realized. 
A  Manager's  "One   night   I   dreamed    the   Prisoners   would  make  a  violent 

Realistic  attempt  to  rush  out  of  Gaol  and  it  made  me  very  unhappy,  as  I  felt 
Dream.  ^  confident  assurance  it  would  come  to  pass  ;  accordingly  I  left  the 
Hosjjital  immediately  after  Breakfast  and  waited  on  Robert  Wharton, 
the  Mayor,  who  turned  Prison  Keeper  for  the  time  being  on  account 
of  the  sickness,  and  told  him  of  my  dream  &  how  unhapi>y  I  felt — 
and  that  I  thought  he  required  more  assistance  than  he  had — I 
mentioned  that  if  he  would  accept  my  offer  I  would  send  Francis 
Higgins  to  his  aid  who  was  Steward  of  the  Hospital,  it  had  formerly 
been  a  prison  keeper  &  used  to  their  schemes  &  knew  how  to 
counteract  them  ;  if  that  wo'd  not  answer  his  purpose  if  he  desired  it 
I  would  go  to  the  Governor  &  request  a  further  Guard  to  protect 

72 


him — he  told  me  he  was  much  obliged  to  me,  but  it  was  unnecessary 
— that  they  well  knew  he  was  well  provided  with  Arms  &  pointing  to  Samuel 
several  Musquets  in  the  room  he  took  up  one  with  the  bayonet  fixed  "^''^^  * 
&:  presented  it  towards  the  Wall  of  his  room  sang  '  I  am  ready  for 
them,  but  there  is  no  Danger ' — I  told  him  keep  a  good  lookout  for  I 
was  confident  they  would  try  to  escape,  &  left  him;  but  in  parting 
he  asked  me  if  I  would  go  in  the  yard  &  see  the  Prisoners  at  their 
work.  I  excused  myself  for  that  time,  &:  said  goodby,  perhaps  I 
may  come  another  time — from  the  Gaol  I  proceeded  immediately 
towards  my  own  house  to  enquire  how  matters  were  at  home,  having 
received  a  hint  that  some  thieves  had  entered  my  next  Neighbour's 
house  in  the  Night, — In  my  way  home,  in  less  than  5  minutes  as  I 
believe  after  I  left  Robert  &  when  I  had  just  reached  Friends' 
Almshouse,  I  heard  the  sound  of  a  Drum  ;  It  startled  me  very  much  for 
Drum  was  never  but  then  sounded  in  the  City  in  the  fever  of  1 798 — I 
instantly  turned  round,  knowing  there  must  be  trouble  in  the  Gaol — 
I  now  hurried  to  it,  &  found  Edw'd  before  the  Gaol  with  a  box  of 
cartridges  made  up,  &  a  number  of  People  running  to  it  from  the 
State  house  which  at  that  time  was  the  rendevous  of  the  Committee  of 
Health  with  all  their  attendants — and  just  before  we  got  to  the  Gaol 
steps  a  Musquet  was  fired. 

"On  entering  the   house   Robert  Wharton   accosted   me   thus: 
'  O  Samuel  \vhat  you  said  has  happened  already.'  " 

The  warning  which  Mr.  Coates  gave  to  Robert  Wharton  prepared 
him  to  arm  himself  and  run  to  the  rescue  of  a  keeper  named 
Evans,  just  in  time,  as  it  appeared,  to  save  his  life.  It  was  certainly 
an  odd  coincidence  that  Mr.  Coates  should  have  stopped  at  the 
prison  to  warn  his  friend  Wharton  of  the  threatened  outbreak,  as  a 
result  of  a  vivid  dream,  and  that  the  rising  of  the  prisoners  should 
have  taken  place  almost  immediately  afterward.^ 
I 

'  la  Scharf  and  Wcslcott's  History  of  Philadelphia  this  incident  of  the  epidemic  is  referred  to 
more  in  detail. 

"  The  fever  made  its  appearance  in  the  Walnut  Street  prison  on  the  13th  or  14th  of  September, 
and  its  mortality  was  severe.  There  were  then  three  hundred  persons  in  confinement,  including 
debtors.  This  disaster  rendered  it  necessary  to  remove  as  many  as  could  be  safely  taken  away. 
.  .  .  Some  of  those  who  remained  became  desperate  and  on  the  iSth  made  a  bold  attempt  to  escape. 
This  was  not  a  general  movement  on  the  part  of  the  prisoners.  Some  of  the  convicts  confined  in 
the  East  wing  took  advantage  of  the  visit  of  Dr.  Duffield  to  seize  the  key  and  make  an  effort  to 
escape.  They  knocked  down  Mr,  Evans,  a  constable,  who  was  acting  as  deputy  keeper,  and  then 
called  to  the  other  convicts  in  the  yard  to  aid  them.  Robert  Wharton,  then  an  alderman  of  the  city, 
who  was  in  another  part  of  the  jail,  ran  to  the  assistance  of  the  keeper.  When  he  arrived.  Miller, 
the  ringleader,  had  an  axe  raised  to  kill  Evans.  Wharton  and  G.  Gass,  an  assistant  keeper,  seeing 
this,  both  fired  their  muskets  at  the  same  time.  One  of  the  balls  (supposed  to  be  from  the  musket 
of  Gass)  broke  the  right  arm  of  Miller  and  entered  his  body.  Vaughan,  another  convict,  struck 
Evans  with  a  bar  of  iron,  and  retreated  into  his  apartment.  Evans  pursued  him,  and  fired  at  him, 
sending  a  ball  into  his  lungs.  Another  convict  was  wounded  by  a  bayonet  in  the  hands  of  a  prisoner, 
a  negro,  who  sided  with  the  keepers.  The  majority  of  the  convicts  had  nothing  to  do  with  this 
attempt.  It  commenced  and  ended  with  its  projectors.  Seven  prisoners  broke  out  afterwards  by 
undermining  the  prison  walls,  and  escaped."     Vol.  I.,  page  495. 

73 


In  I'hiladelphia,  during  the  summers  of  1794,  1795  ■'"'^  '79*^' 
Yellow  Fever  Yellow  Fever  was  epidemic,  with  an  average  mortality  of  about  800  per 
Ravages,  y^^^.^  j^  j^^^  the  deaths  were  1,292.  In  179.S  no  less  than  3,645 
persons  succumbed  to  the  iJesiilence.  Tiiis  ci)idemic  continued  for 
several  years.  In  1799  there  were  1,015,  '"1802,307;  in  1803,  199; 
in  1805,  400;  in  1819,  20;  in  1820,  93  deaths.  Then  followed  a 
period  of  immunity  for  thirty-three  years,  in  1853  there  were  12S 
deaths;  but  other  epidemics  prevailed.  Smallpox  claimed  485  victims 
during  the  season  of  1823-24;  427  deaths  in  1852;  75H  in  1861  ; 
524  in  1865,  and  4,464  in  1871-72.  Asiatic  cholera  carried  off  935 
of  the  citizens  in  1832,  and  1,012  in  1849.  Scarlet  fever  made  ravages 
during  the  years  1861,  1865  and  1870,  for  each  of  these  years  respec- 
tively, the  deaths  numbering:  1,190,  624,  799  and  956.  These 
figures  are  here  referred  to  in  order  to  explain  the  state  of  i>anic  which 
prevailed  at  times,  when  several  of  the  managers  and  ])hysicians 
temporarily  left  the  city. 

The  operations  of  the  Hospital  were  subsequently  interru])ted 
only  once  by  an  epidemic,  and  this  was  of  less  severity  tiian  those 
which  occurred  about  the  beginning  of  the  century. 

The  minutes  of  July  9,  1832,  state  that 

Cholera  The  Board  was  .issembled  in  consequence  of  the  apprehension  of  the  occur- 

Epidemic.    rence  of  pestilential  disease  of  the  character  which  has  made  its  appearance  in 

New  York,  and  wishing  to  l)e  informed  what  me.nsures  shall  be  adopted  10  provide 

for  surgical  and  other  cases  after  it  may  be  deemed   improper  to  receive  them 

into  the  apartments  of  the  Hospital. 

The  fear  of  the  ci)idemic  was  not   without  foundation,   although 

the  general  exodus  which  characterized   that  of  yellow  fever  did  not 

obtain  this  year.     The  first  case  of  cholera  occurred  on  July  5th,  the 

next  on  the  9th  :  these  were  followed   on  the  13th  and  14th  by  three 

deaths.     After  the  14th  the  epidemic  lingered.    There  were  only  three 

or  four  cases  a  day  until  about  the  27th  or  28th  of  July,  when  the 

.epidemic  fairly  set  in.    The  cholera  lasted  until  the  fourth  of  October. 

.-Vltogether  there  were  two  thousand  three  hundred  and  fourteen  cases 

reported  in  the  city  with  nine  hundred  and  thirty-five  deaths. 

Meeting  of  The  first  meeting  of  the  Contributors  was  held  on  July  1,   1751, 

Managers  at   the  State   House  on   Chestnut  Street,   when,  in   jjursuance  of  the 

_    [outside  of  Act  of  .\ssembly,  they  organized  and  elected  twelve  Managers  and  a 

the  Hospital,   treasurer.  > 


'  The  Legislative  body  first  occupied  the  Stale  House  in  October,  1735.  A  room  in  the  State 
House  was  appropriated  to  the  pubhc  library  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  in  1739.  On  March  17, 
i8o3,  the  Legislature  granted  permission  to  Charles  Wilson  Pcale  to  use  the  upper  story  and  the 
eastern  end  of  the  lower  story  of  the  State  House  for  his  Museum,  which  was,  in  February,  1821, 
incorporated  by  act  of  Legislature  mto  the  Philadelphia  Museum  Company.  Originally  Mr.  Peale 
had  opened  |hc  museum  at  his  residence,  comer  of  1'hird  and  Lombard  Streets. 

74 


The   Royal  Standard    Tavern,  a  famous  house,  was  located  on 

Market  Street  near  Second,  and  was  kept  by  Henry  Pratt.     After  his    Places  where 

decease  his  widow,  Rebecca  Pratt,  succeeded  to  the  proprietorship    Meetings 

were  held 
and    the   house    then    became    known  as  "Widow  Pratt's  Standard   outside  of  the 

Tavern."  The  first  meeting  of  the  recently  elected  Managers  was  Hospital, 
held  at  this  place  on  July  2,  1751.  There  were  no  meetings  of  the 
Managers  from  June  20th  until  September  5,  1751,  when  Dr.  Thomas 
Bond,  the  President,  Joshua  Crosby,  and  John  Smith,  met  here  to 
consider  the  "  beginning  of  the  Hospital  in  a  private  house  to  accom- 
modate a  few  patients,  until  the  Hospital  is  built,  also  the  rules  for 
the  admission  of  patients."  Another  meeting  was  held  here  on 
October  27,   1751. 

The  election  of  Managers  had  been  held  at  the  State  House  or 
Court  House  for  several  years,  until  .-^pril  i,  1756,  when  the  new 
Hospital  being  sufficiently  completed  to  afford  the  accommodations 
for  the  purpose,  the  Managers  decided  to  hold  all  future  meetings 
there.  This  was  not  strictly  adhered  to,  as  meetings  were  appointed 
to  be  held  elsewhere,  at  taverns  and  citizens'  houses.  On  November 
8,  1762,  a  meeting  of  the  Managers  and  Treasurer  was  held  in  the 
Warden's  Room  at  the  Court-House,  when  "  they  were  informed 
by  Dr.  Shippen,  Jr.,  lately  arrived  from  London,  that  seven  cases  con- 
taining anatomical  drawings,  etc.,  sent  by  Dr.  John  Fothergill,  had 
reached  this  port."  The  first  session  of  Congress  in  the  Court 
House  building  commenced  March  4,  1770;  and  the  last  session 
ended  May  14,  iSoo. 

The  Old  London  Coffee  House  was  more  generally  known  simply 
as  the  "  Coffee  House."  The  more  important  public  demonstrations 
in  Philadelphia  in  connection  with  political  and  other  events  for 
many  years  occurred  at  this  popular  hostelry,  which  was  located  at 
the  southwest  corner  of  Front  and  Market  Streets.  It  had  a  large 
shed  extending  over  the  entire  sidewalk  to  the  curbstone.  Watson's 
Annals  represents  the  old  building  with  the  addition  in  the  foreground 
of  a  group  of  negro  slaves  being  sold  at  auction  and  standing  on  a 
platform  made  of  boards  resting  on  two  barrels.  May  27,  1762,  a 
meeting  of  Managers  held  here  to  consider  the  sale  of  the  John  Jones 
house,  which  ])roperty  had  been  beijueathed  by  Jones,  a  cordwainer, 
to  the  Hospital.  .Another  meeting  was  held  on  .August  2,  1762,  to 
execute  a  power  of  attorney  to  James  Tilghman  to  enable  him  to 
collect  the  Christopher  Brown  legacy  in  Maryland,  and  still  another 
on  May  27,  1765,  when  the  Managers  met  to  approve  a  letter  to 
Dr.  John  Fothergill. 


There  was  another  "  London  CofTee  House,"  said  to  liave  been 
located  at  Carpenter's  Wharf,  on  Front  Street  below  Black  Horse 
Alley. 

Davenport's  Tavern,  or  "  The  Bunch  of  Grapes,"  was  formerl)- 
called  the  "  Bull's  Head  ;  "  it  was  situated  on  Third  below  Mulberry 
(now  Arch)  Street.  .August  28,  1769,  the  Managers  "  adjourned  to 
meet  at  Davenport's  Tavern,  to  consider  the  matter  of  employing  an 
.Vpothecary  and  Steward."  A  committee  was  also  appointed  at  this 
Meeting  to  purchase  material  and  employ  tradesmen  to  erect  the 
famous  building  afterwards  known  as  the  "  Elaboratory,"  whi(  h 
figures  consi)icuousiy  several  times   in  the  annals  of  the  Hospital. 

A  tavern  located  in  Bank  .Street  had  tor  its  sign  a  portrait  of 
Burns. 

A  meeting  was  held  May  14-15,  1770,  at  '•  ]!urns'  Tavern" 
to  discuss  the  preceding  measures,  and  "  the  result  submitted  to  the 
Physicians  who  agreed  to  meet  together  to  consider  the  same  and 
give  us  their  sentiments  thereon."  One  important  matter  brought  up 
was  the  excessive  rates  charged  by  the  apothecaries  of  the  town  for 
the  drugs  furnished  to  the  Hospital.  AH  further  supply  was  by  reso- 
lution agreed  to  be  ordered  from  London,  except  such  as  should  be 
wanted  in  cases  of  extreme  emergency. 

.•\t  the  same  meeting  the  Managers  and  Physicians  considered 
"  the  attendance  of  the  Students  who  have  not  paid  six  Pistoles  and 
their  improper  conduct  while  dissecting,  also  the  indiscriminate  jjur- 
chasing  of  drugs." 

There  were  several  taverns  with  the  name  of  "  Fleece,"  the  one 
on  Second  Street  opjjosite  Taylor's  Alley  was  the  "  Golden  Fleece  ;  " 
here  the  Managers  on  April  15,  1771,  met  to  consider  some  important 
matters  relating  to  the  Pennsylvania  Land  Company. 

"The  Conestoga  Waggon  "  was  located  on  Market  Street  above 
Fourth.  It  was  popular  with  tlie  Military  and  Western  men.  October 
29,  1771.  the  Managers  met  here  to  |)repare  an  address  to  Governor 
Richard  I'enn,  congratulating  him  on  his  arrival  and  accession  to  tiic 
Government  of  this  Province. 

Adjoining  Friends'  Meeting  House  on  Fourth  Street  was  a  Com- 
mittee Room  convenient  for  small  meetings.  October,  28,  1772,  the 
ALinagers  met  here  "  to  consider  the  offer  of  Thomas  Forrest  of  the 
undivided  fourth  part  of  a  lot,  in  right  of  his  wife,  to  sell  for  ^300, 
out  of  which  he  agrees  to  contribute  ;C2^,  said  lot  being  situated  in 
the  square  between  Seventh,  Eighth,  Sjjruce  and  Pine  Streets." 

Public  taverns  and  Ordinaries  were  not  the  only  places  where  the 
Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital   held  meetings.     Several  are 

76 


recorded  as  having  taken  place  also  at  the  houses  of  the  members  of 

the  Board  and  other  citizens.  Various' 

Anions;  these,  the  most   interestine;  is  the  meeting  of  the  Mana-   =P'^'^'=' 
°  so  Meeting 

gers  and  physicians  at  the  house  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  November  26,    |,,3^gj. 

1766,  to  hear  him  read  his  Introductory  Lecture  to  a  Course  of 
Clinical  Observations  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  which  was  after- 
wards delivered  to  the  students  at  the  Hospital  December  3,  1766. 
This  appears  in  full  in  the  section  on  Medical  Lectures. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of  Samuel  Coates,  on 
November  2d,  1786,  for  the  purpose  of  requesting  Reynold  Keen  to 
deliver  a  petition  (asking  for  the  exemption  from  militia  duty  of  the 
Steward,  Apothecary  and  cell  keeper)  to  one  of  the  city  members  to 
lay  before  the  Assembly.  Another  special  meeting  was  held  here 
.August  2S,  1793,  in  regard  to  the  Yellow  Fever,  and  again  September 
7,  1795.  During  the  epidemic  of  Yellow  Fever  in  1798,  the  Mana- 
gers held  meetings  for  the  transaction  of  business  at  the  Middle  I-'erry, 
■Market  Street  Schuylkill,  until  the  epidemic  subsided. 

By   Act  of  Assembly  of  April   11,  1793,  the  sum  of  Twenty-six 
thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty  six  dollars  and  sixty-seven  cents  were   Fvirther 
granted  the  Contributors  out  of  the  Arrears  due  to  the  Commonwealth   Grants  by 
under  the  Loan  Office  Act  of  February  26,  1773.   The  Managers  were   Assembly, 
directed  to  apply  the  money  granted  to  erect,  finish,  and  furnish  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  diseased   in  body  and  mind,  one  building 
(the  west  wing)  and  also  one  other  building  (centre  building),  the 
first  floor  being  for  the  accommodation  of  the  managers,  physicians, 
apothecary,   steward,  matron  and   other  officers  and  servants  of  the 
house,  the  upper  floors  to  be  used   for  patients.     By  the  same  Act, 
unclaimed  dividends  of  bankrupts'  estates  were  to  be  paid  to  them  by 
the  Commissioners  of  Bankrupts,  the  Contrilnitors  to  be  liable  there- 
for, when  claimed,   etc.  (which  yielded  in  the  end,  nineteen  thousand 
dollars  for  maintenance  of  the  Hospital). 

In  the  proceedings  of  December  10,  1795,  is  recorded  the  copy 
of  a  memorial,  which  was  sent  to  the  Legislature,  reciting  the  forego- 
ing facts,  and  requesting  an  additional  grant  in  order  to  complete  the 
centre  and  west  wing  of  the  Hospital.  It  concludes  with  this  power- 
ful appeal  to  the  members  of  the  Assembly  : 

That  unless  your  Memorialists  receive  an  additional  grant  it  will  be  impossible 
for  them  to  proceed  in  the  arduous  Duties  of  their  ajjpointment ;  of  course  they 
will  be  under  the  necessity  of  leaving  the  buildings  in  their  present  unfinished 
and  useless  State ;  an  event  which  the  friends  of  humanity  cannot  fail  to  deplore, 
who  feel  for  the  miseries  of  their  Poor  and  distressed  fellow  beings,  lingering  with 
sore  and  afflicting  Diseases  of  body  and  mind  and  ready  to  perish  for  want  of  the 
comforts  which  such  an  Institution  would  afford  tliem. 


Your  Mi-niorialists  acknuwkilm-  with  great  satisfaction,  those  liberal  uraiits 
of  former  assemblies  by  h  liich  their  Predecessors  have  been  assisted  to  lay  the 
foundation  of  this  noble  anil  useful  institution.  And  with  reverence  to  the  author 
of  all  good,  who  disposeth  the  minds  of  Men  to  acts  of  Charily  and  l.ove  they 
acknowledgetlial  they  owe  its  endowment  to  the  liberal  contriliutions  of  benevolent 
Individuals,  by  whose  voluntary  (iifts,  thro'  the  blessing  of  Providence,  they  have 
reason  to  believe,  many  thousand  Lives  have  been  saved,  whose  names  and  cases 
recor<ied  on  the  Hospital  Minutes  have  been  annually  submitted  to  the  l-egis- 
latures  of  Pennsylvania  for  more  than  forty  Years. 

That  your  Memorialists  conceive  these  advantages  can  only  be  e.vteiuk-d  b) 
an  additional  grant  to  finish  and  furnish  the  buildings.  How  much  it  may  retpiire 
to  accomplish  these  objects,  from  the  present  high  price  of  wages  and  materials, 
it  is  impossible  exactly  to  ascertain  : — but  from  the  estimates  they  have  formed, 
they  conceive  it  will  take  fifteen  thousand  pounds  more  than  is  already  granted. 

Yi  )rR  MEMORIALISTS  therefore  in  contemplating  the  necessity  of  finish- 
ing the  business  assigned  them,  look  up  with  confidence  to  the  Legislature,  the 
Patrons  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  for  such  further  aid  as  will  enable  them  to 
complete  the  original  Design  and  extend  its  advantages  to  countless  numbers  of 
sick  and  miserable  Beings,  whose  Blessings  will  descend  upon  the  founders  .V 
promoters  of  so  good  a  work. 

Signed  by  all  the  Managers,  and  Treasurer. 

This  appeal  was  not  without   result,  for  the  announcement  was 

made  at  the  meeting  of  April   4,  1796,   that  the  Assembly    had   just 

passed  an  Act  making  an  additional  grant  to  the  Hospital  of  ^£^25,000. 

I<"urther  appeals  to  the    Legislature    for  aid  will  be  referred   to  in  a 

subse<]uent  .section  especially  devoted  to  financial  aid. 

West  Wing  The  West  Wing  of  the  Hospital  was  completed   Novcmbir    28, 

completed.    1796.     The  lunatics  were  removed  from  the  old  apartments  December 

26,  1796.     In  consequence  of  the  suggestion  of  I)r.  R\isli,  respecting 

baths,  two  rooms  were  provided,  one  with  hot,  the  other  with  a  cold 

and  shower  bath  near  to  the  centre  of  the  West  Wing,  to  be  su])i)liecl 

with  water  from  a  reservoir  placed   beneath  the  ceiling  of  the  lower 

story.     They  were  completed  October  26,  1799.     On   December  26, 

iSoS,  a  warm  bath  machine  of  original  design  but  good  construction 

was  presented  by  Charles  Wilson  I'eale  for  the  use  of  the  ]jaticnts,  for 

which  the  Managers  returned  thanks. 

Stoves  for  On  May   30,    1802,  the    Committee  were  directed  to  erect  one 

Coal,   stove,  to  warm  the  cells   with  coal,  on   the  plan    suggested   by  John 

Dorsey,  and  to  have  the  experiment  made  how  far  it  will  save  fuel. 

Circular  It  was  originally  intended  that  the  "  Centre  "  Building  should  be 

Clinic  Room,    finished  with  a  Dome,  but  it  was  found  difficult   to  adapt   any   Dome 

to  the   present  Style  of  the  Front;  and    the  operating-room  being 

capable  of  so  good  a  light  from  the  Platform  of  the  Roof: 

On  July  9,  1798,  it  is  resolved,  that  the  Dome  be  omitted  and  the  Sky  Light  to 
enlighten  the  Theatre  for  surgical  operations  be  finished  with  a  light  railing. 

78 


Early  in   1804,  Lectures   were  given  and  Operations  performed 
therein,  which  were  so  continued  until  1868,  when  the   new   amphi-   Centre 
theatre  was  finished  and  when  the  circular  room    was   converted  into     "'    '"^' 
a  ward  dining-room  and  an  annex  to  the  library. 

The  Managers  having  considered    the   advanced    [(rice    of  every 
necessary  article  of  life,  found  themselves,  on    May   30,  1796,    under 


Hall  of  the  Centre  BuilHitiK,  looking  north. 


the  necessity  of  increasing  the  Board  of  pay  patients  and  limiting  the 
number  of  admissions  of  the  poor,  in  order  to  keep  within  their 
resources.     They  therefore  resolved  : 

That  until  further  order  is  taken  in  this  business,  not  more  than  thirty  poor 
shall  be  admitted  at  one  time  unless  'an  accident  or  some  verj-  particular  case 
should  require  it. 

The  French  Hospital  had  been  established  in  Philadelphia  some 
years  previously,  but  had  not  been  very  prosperous.  The  Managers 
received  a  communication,  dated  July  2,  1796,  stating  that  Dr. 
Colomb,  the  Inspector  General,  was  desirous  of  dissolving  that  organ- 
ization, and  proposed  to  transfer  all  the  ])atients  to  the   Pennsylvania 


Pay  Patients' 
Board 

Increased. 


Proposal 
from  French 
Hospital 
Declined. 


79 


Rules  for 
Admission. 


Domiciliary 

Visits  by 

Medical  Staff 


Pupils  of 
Physicians. 


Hospital.  On  July  4th,  the  Managers  assembled  at  the  house  ot 
Josiah  Hewes  at  9  o'clock  a.m.,  when  Dr.  Colomh's  |)r()|)osal  was 
considered  and  declined.  This  action  was  directed  to  he  conveyed 
to  the  French  Minister. 

On  February  26,  1798,  the  Managers  having  observed  that 

Several  Persons  had  been  admitted  into  the  House  last  Year,  and  some  lately, 
who  .It  the  time  of  their  admission  appeared  to  be  near  their  end  and  who  have  died 
shortly  after  they  were  taken  in,  and  bavins  also  observed  that  some  sick  Persons 
have  not  been  visited  previously  to  their  said  admission  by  any  one  of  the  Hospital 
Physicians,  it  is  agreed  to  recommend  to  all  the  said  Physicians  to  pay  strict  atten- 
tion to  those  rules  of  the  House  which  provi<le  that  no  incurable  case  except  Luna- 
tics shall  be  admitted,  nor  any  others,  without  such  previous  N'isitation  and,  as 
the  rules  further  require  that  two  Physicians  should  always  attend  on  every 
Managing  Day,  it  is  requested  that  Ihey  may  In  that  respect  be  strictly  complied 
with  and  if  by  sickness  or  Casualty  a  Physician  cannot  attend  at  the  time 
appointed,  it  is  recommended  that  he  procure  some  one  of  the  other  Physicians  of 
the  house  to  attend  for  him. 

At  a  meeting  held  September  1st,  iSoo,  a  letter  was  read  and  directed  to  be 
sent  to  Benjamin  West,  who  was  then  President  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Arts  in 
London,  soliciting  on  behalf  of  the  Contributors  a  painting,  ending  with  the 
complimentary  conclusion  "  The  works  of  an  artist  which  ornament  the  palace  of 
his  King  cannot  fail  to  honor  him  in  his  native  land."  The  request  was  favorably 
entertained  by  West,  who  some  years  later  presented  the  Hospital  with  the 
picture  of  "  Christ  Healing  the  Sick."'  A  building  was  erected  from  designs  fur- 
nished in  consultation  with  West.  The  picture  arrived  on  the  13th  of  October, 
1817.  It  was  exhibited  for  several  years  and  proved  a  source  of  considerable 
revenue  to  the  Hospital,  amounting  to  thousands  of  dollars. 

On  November  15,  1802,  the  following  communication  was  sent 

by  the  Physicians,  to  the  Board  of  Managers  : 

Whereas  delays  inconvenient  and  sometimes  dangerous  to  life  have  some- 
times occurred  or  may  occur  from  the  inability  of  the  Physicians  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital  to  Visit  the  Patients  previously  totheir  Admission  into  the  Hospital 
agreeably  to  a  rule  of  the  Managers,  on  Account  of  Numerous  and  prior  Engage- 
ments of  said  Physicians,  they  do  hereby  request  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital 
to  permit  them  to  employ  One  of  their  Pupils  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  &  exami- 
ning the  Sick  Applicants  (when  it  is  not  practicable  to  do  it  themselves)  they 
engaging  to  be  responsible  for  the  fidelity  and  Judgment  of  their  said  Pupils. 

Bk.vjami.s  RrsH, 
Phii-ip  Svng  Phvsick, 
John  Redman  Coxe, 
Benjamin  Smith  Barton, 
Caspar  Wistar,  Junior. 

The  following  reply  was  made  : 

The  Managers  are  all  of  opinion  that  they  cannot  dispense  with  any  part  of 
the  present  form  of  admission.  On  this  occasion,  the  Board  sincerely  regret  that 
the  Physicians  have  made  a  request  which  the  Managers  cannot  grant  without 
infringing  upon  the  duties  they  owe  the  institution. 


>  See  Works  of  Art  and  Memorial  Furniture. 

80 


At  a  meeting  lield  Oct.  29,  1804: 

Samuel  Coates  presents  to  the  Hospital  a   Gi-i man  Servant  C.irl,  aged  about    Domestic 

years  old,  named ,  to  remain  three  years,  which  the  Board    Servants 

accept  and    request  that   he  will  get  her   Indentures  executed.     He  also  offers    purchased. 

,  who  is  now  in  the  house,  for  Eighty  dollars,  for  the  same  time,  which  the 

Managers  agree  to  pay  she  consenting  thereto  ;  He  likewise  offers  Francis 

for  E;ighty  dollars  for  three  years,  which  the  Board  agree  to  give,  Francis  Con- 
senting to  Serve,  and  to  perform  every  duty  required  of  him  b)'  the  Steward  ;  but 
the  principal  Object  the  Managers  have  in  view,  in  buying  him,  is  to  employ  him 
in  the  Apothecary  Shop,  to  keep  it  in  good  order,  and  to  go  of  such  Errands  as 
may  be  thought  necessary  in  the  Medical  Department.' 

It  was  ascertained,  December  28,  1805,  that  in  virtue  of  the  ten   Schuylkill 
shares  owned  by  the  Hospital,  the  use  of  Schuylkill  water  should  be  ■*™''^''- 
gratis  for  three  years,  thereafter  at  the  rate  of  fifty  dollars  per  annum. 

The   committee    on    building   the   stable   and    wash-house  were   Cistern 
instructed  to  have  a  cistern  dug  to  contain  forty  hogsheads  for  the  water, 
purpose  of  washing.     Schuylkill  water  was  also  to  be  introduced  into 
the  stable  and  wash-house,  July  27,  1807.     On  May  nth,  a  permit 
was  obtained  for  the  introduction  of  a  pipe 

From  Spruce  street  under  the  wall  to  the  green  house,  the  watering  com- 
mittee having  consented  to  grant  one. 

August  21,  1807,  the  Steward   is  directed  to  read  in  every  Ward    Rules  as  to 

the  Rules  to   be  observed   by  the  Patients  once  in    every   Month    &    Patients  to 

to  inform  them  particularly  that  ^^  '^^'^'^ 

■'  monthly. 

If  anyone  of  them  persist  in  smoking  of  Pipes  or  Segars  after  being  cautioned 
by  him  to  desist,  such  Patients  on  complaint  to  the  Sitting  Managers  will  be  dis- 
charged for  irregular  behaviour. 

The  custom  of  leaving  the  city  during  the  summer  months  which 
began  when  epidemics  threatened  or  prevailed,  subsequently  became 
the  fashion.     August  25,  1806,  there  were  reported  as  absentees: 

Peter  Brown,  on  account  of  his  sickness,  Thomas  Morris  at  Long  Branch  for 
his  health,  and  Joseph  Saunders  Lewis,  Treasurer,  gone  to  Boston.  Pattison 
Hartshorne  and  Lawrence  Seckel  were  granted  leave  of  absence. 

May  27,  1809,  it  was  agreed  :  pj.^^ 

To  Advertize  the  Poor  from  the  City  or  County  to  come  to  the  Hospital  where    Vaccination, 
they  will  be  vaccinated  Gratis. 

On  l\Iay   13,    1811,   the  Managers'  fines  were   increased  to   fifty  pi-.g- 
cents  for  total  absence  and   to   twenty-five  cents  for  being  late  at  any   increased. 
meeting  and  no  e.xcuse  to  be  admitted  for  total  or  partial  absence. 

1  It  was  the  custom  in  the  early  part  of  last  century  for  immigrants  to  pay  for  their  passage 
by  personal  service,  and,  under  such  agreement,  many  were  sold  for  a  term  of  years,  by  vessel 
owners  to  work  out  their  indebtedness,  and,  hence,  were  known  as  "  Redemption  Servants.'" 
Some  o(  them  afterwards  acquired  wealth  and  became  influential  citizens.  (See  article  on 
Redemption  Servants,  in  "  Watson's  Annals  of  Philadelphia,"  p  266.) 

81 


A  Model  of  a  Bedstead  for  diseased  Persons  invented  by  John  Rhea  Barton, 
Model  of  a  appfC't'ce  of  the  House,  and  which  has  met  the  Approbation  of  the  Physicians 
Bedstead.  '"'^^  presented  (Sept.  26,  1814).  It  appears  that  the  Sitting  Maiiamers  have 
Ordered  seven  Bedsteads  on  this  plan  some  of  which  are  in  Use  and  have  been 
found  to  answer  better  than  any  heretofore  introduced  into  the  Hospital.  The 
Board  applaud  the  ingenuity  of  the  Inventor  and  return  him  their  thanks  for  the 
Model. 

Apprentices  Q„  j^j^y  ,(),  1815,  it  having  been  made  known  lo  ilie  Hoard  that 

the  Managers  of  the   Ahiishouse   had   invited  the  Apprentices  of  this 
House  to  attend  an  Operation  in  that  institution  : 

It  is  Resolved  to  permit  the  Medical  Apprentices  of  the  Almshouse  to  attend 
the  Surgical  Operations,  which  may  hereafter  be  performed  in  the  Pennsyl- 
Hospital. 

The  following  resolution,  dated  June  26.  I1S15,  from  tlie  Alms- 
house and  House  of  Em]>l()yniLiit,  was  directed,  July  31,  1S15,  to  he 
put  on  the  Minutes  : 

Rrsoli'id,  Tliaf  the  Medical  Students  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  be  per- 
mitteil  to  attend  the  Surgical  Operations  which  may  hereafter  be  performed  in 
this  House. 

Apprentices  November  27,  1815,  on  motion  it  was  agreed  : 

attend 
,      .  That  the  Apprentices  of  this  House  have  the  Libertv  of  attending  the  Lectures 

of  Physicians  belonging  to  the  University  other  than  those  connected  with  the 
Institution  and  the  expenses  thereof  be  defrayed  out  of  the  general  fund. 

Proposed  Correspondence    between    the    Trustees   of    the    University   of 

Clinic  for  the   l>ennsylvania  (regarding  teaching  in  the  Hospital)  and  the  Managers 

mverei  >  o    ^  j.  ^|^^^  Hospital  failed  to  lead  to  an\-  mutual  agreement. 
Pennsylvania  '  -  ° 

November  22,  1817. 
Gcnilcmen — The  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  being  desirous 
to  secure  to  the  Pupils  of  the  Medical  rJepartmeiit  the  advantages  of  a  clinical 
Establishment  in  which  the  Treatment  i>f  the  various  diseases  to  which  the  human 
Frame  is  liable  may  be  illustrated  under  the  direction  of  one  of  the  Professors  of 
the  University,  have  ajjpointed  a  Committee  with  power  to  make  the  arrange- 
ments requisite  for  the  Accomplishment  of  that  Object. 

Persuaded  that  your  Board  will  be  well  inclined  lo  cooperate  with  the  Trus- 
tees in  a  matter  so  highly  important  to  the  improvement  and  dissemination  of 
medical  Science,  we  ofTer  to  your  consideration  the  following  proposals  : 

1.  That  there  be  two  Wards  of  the  Hospital,  one  of  the  Males  the  other  ot 
Females,  appropriated  exclusively  to  the  Clinical  Teacher,  each  Ward  of  suffi- 
cient dimensions  to  accommodate  with  convenience  at  least  Fifteen  Patients — two 
apartments  are  of  course  required  in  order  that  the  Males  and  Females  may  be 
separated. 

2.  Besides  the  miscellaneous  Cases  in  these  Wards,  the  Managers  will  allot  a 
certain  number  or  portion  of  the  maniacal  and  Venereal  patients  to  be  under  the 
Care  of  the  Teacher. 

The  Hospital  will  as  usual  provide  competent  Nurses,  one  of  whom  to  be 
entitled  Matron  who  shall  exercise  a  Controul  over  the  whole.  The  Matron  and 
Nurses  to  act  under  the  direction  of  the  Teacher  in  their  care  of  the  Sick  subject 
to  the  regulations  of  the  Hospital. 

82 


4.  The  Prescriptions  of  the  Teacher  to  be  furnished  by  the  Hospital. 

5.  Tlie  Teacher  to  have  the  use  of  the  Lecture  Room  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  Class — the  necessary  Fuel  and  Attendants  to  be  supplied  by  the  Hospital. 

6.  Each  Student  in  the  Clinical  Establishment  shall  pay  to  the  Hospital  the 
Sum  of  Ten  dollars  for  every  course  of  Clinical  Lectures  he  may  attend  ;  and  no 
Candidate  shall  be  admitted  to  a  Degree  in  the  University  who  does  not  jjroduce 
a  Certificate  of  havinp;  attended  a  Course  of  such  Lectures  and  of  having  paid 
the  Fee  to  the  Institution. 

7.  The  Clinical  Teacher  to  be  responsible  for  the  Observance  of  such  Rules  as 
may  be  agreed  upon  with  your  Board,  as  to  the  Conduct  of  the  Pupils. 

We  beg  to  be  favor'd  with  an  answer  to  these  Proposals  as  soon  as  may  suit 
your  convenience,  and  should  a  Conference  be  deemed  advisable,  we  shall  be 
ready  to  meet  your  Board  for  the  furtherance  of  the  wished-for  Object 

With  much  Respect  We  Remain,  Gentlemen,  Your  Obed.  Servts., 

Benj.\min  Chew, 
W.  Meredith, 
Mos.  Cadwai,.\der. 

After  this  proposition  had  been  discussed,  it  was  referred  to  a 
Committee  which  reported  as  follows  : 

The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  communication  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  have  given  to  that  subject  all  the  attention  &  deliberation  to 
which,  from  its  interesting  complexion,  it  seemed  to  be  so  justly  entitled. 

The  interests  of  medical  science  are  so  intimately  interwoven  not  only  with 
the  original  design  but  present  economy  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  that  your 
Committee  would  cheerfully  advocate  any  plan,  having  for  its  object  the  more 
eflectual  cultivation  and  diffusion  of  that  important  branch  of  knowledge,  but 
which  should  not,  at  the  same  time,  essentially  interfere  with  the  long  established 
practice  and  wholesome  regulations  of  the  Hospital. 

Deeply  impressed  with  these  considerations,  your  Committee  convened  your 
Physicians  &  Surgeons,  the  Pliysicians  of  the  Lying-in  Departments  excepted,  on 
whose  duties  it  was  supposed  the  proposals  of  the  University  could  have  no  mate- 
rial bearing — They  all  attended — The  communication  from  the  Trustees  was 
placed  in  their  hands^They  have  since  returned  it,  with  their  written  opinion, 
which  for  your  information  is  herewith  submitted. 

Your  Committee  have  endeavoured  to  discover  whether  in  any  &  in  what 
manner  the  views  of  the  University  could  be  rendered  in  accordance  with  your 
rules,  but  they  have  been  unsuccessful  in  the  attempt — &  report  it  as  the  result 
of  their  judgment,  that  the  proposals  of  the  University  cannot  lie  carried  into 
effect  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

Samuel  Coaxes, 
Thomas  Stewakdsok, 
Thomas  P.  Cope. 

Philada.,  I2th  mo.  6th — 1817. 

The  following  formal  ojjinion  was  received  from  the  Medical 
Staff  in  relation  to  the  subject  : 

The  Subscribers  are  of  opinion  that  the  proposals  of  the  Trustees  of  the 

University  cannot  be  acceded  to  without  infringing  the  rights  of  your  physicians. 

All  the  patients  of  the  Hospital  have  heretofore  been  attended  exclusively  by 


Proposition 
Declined. 


83 


the  physicians  and  Surgeons  whom  tlie  Managers  havt-  cliosen — and   we  bt-lieve 

that  this  regulation  sliuiild  still  he  observed. 

Thomas  I'akke, 
JOSEI'H   Hahtshokne, 
John  C.  Otto, 
S.  Calhoun, 
Jos.  Pakrish. 
Pennsa.  Hosi'ITAI-,  Dec.  i,  1817. 

Female  At  a  meeting   of  the  Managers,  licld   September    14,   1824,  the 

Board  of  following  mintUe  was  made: 
Assistants 
Estiblished  Believing  that  it  may  tend  to  the  encouragement  of  the  Officers  and  servants 

of  this  Institution  in  the  diligent  and  faithful  discharge  of  their  duty  &  to  the 
comfort  and  itni)rovement  of  the  patients  were  we  assisted  in  the  internal  manage- 
ment of  the  House  by  some  of  our  discreet  and  e.\perienced  female  friends  and 
it  having  been  proposed  to  Amy  Coates,  Mary  Cope,  Catharine  W.  Morris  and 
Beulah  Sansom  to  join  us  in  this  interesting  work  S:  they  having  kindly  signified 
their  Assent;  the  Board,  September  14,  1)^24,  thankfully  Accejjt  their  Services 
and  Authorize  it  empower  them  either  jointly  or  separately  as  they  shall  see  fit 
at  all  times  convenient  to  themselves  to  visit  and  inspect  the  several  Wards  & 
apartments  of  the  Hospital  to  afTord  such  counsel  and  aid  to  all  who  are  in  our 
employment  S:  to  the  patients  as  they  may  find  occasion  for  and  deem  meet  and 
report  from  lime  to  time  t"  the  Managers  individually  or  Collectively  such  altera- 
tions and  improvements  in  the  internal  economy  of  the  House  as  they  may  judge 
salutary,  useful  or  needful. 
Report  from     To  the  Managers  : 

Board  of  Agreeably   to  your  Minute  of  Appointment  dated  9  mo.  last,  we    have  fre- 

Female    qently  visited  the  Hospital,  and  during  the  course  of  our  attention  to  the  AfTairs 
A.ssistants.    of  the  Household  in  its  various  departments,  we  are  encouraged  to  believe  our 
exertions  altogether  useless  ;  and  it  is  in  the  pleasing  hope  that  similar  appoint- 
ments in  succession  will  continue  to  be  advantageous  to  the  Institution,  that  we 
are  free  to  projiose  the  enlargement  of  our  number. 

Pursuant  to  these  views  of  the  subject,  we  take  the  liberty  of  naming  for 
your  consideration  the  election  of  Hannah  Lewis,  and  Mary  Hornor,  as  our 
coadjutors. 

As  descriptive  of  the  nature  of  our  engagement,  and  for  the  sake  of  con- 
venience, we  have  adopted  the  title  of  "  The  Board  of  Assistants  for  the  internal 
management  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital." 

With  sentiments  of  respect  we  remain  your  friends, 

Amy  Coates,  Mary  Cope,  Catharine  W'.  Morris  and  Beui.ah  Sansom. 
4  mo.  14,  1825. 

This  Board,  4  mo.  30,  1825,  being  well  satisfied  that  Considerable  benefit  has 

oara  of    fgsyitgj   jq   (^e   Institution   from   the   disinterested    services   of   these    Friends 

f  ema  e    appQJ„{  Hannah  Lewis  and  Mary  Mornor  to  be  Members  of  the  said  Board  of 

Assistants    Assistants.     Who  are  hereafter  to  be  designated,  "The  Board  of  Assistants  for 

Increased.    ^^^  internal  Management  of  the  Hospital  " 

At  the  annual  election,  held  May  9,  1825,  the  Board  of  Assistants 
for  the  Internal  Management  of  the  Hos])ital  were  re-elected. 

The  following  year,  Catharine  W.  Morris,  Hannah  Lewis  and 
Mary  Coi)e  resigned,  and  their  places  were  filled  by  the  election  of 
Hannah  Paul,  Martha  Johnson  and  Elizabeth  Archer. 

84 


On  December  31,  1827,  a  communication  was  received  from  the 

"Board  of   Female  Assistants,"  expressing  their  disapprobation  of  Board 

retaining  "a  certain  employee  in  the  Hospital,  in  any  capacitv  what-   "^  Female 

,,„,,,,  /        .  ...  '       ,         '  ,      .\ssistaiits 

ever.         1  he  Managers,  after  due  consideration,  refused  to  comply    au  i-  t,  j 

w  ith  the  request.     The  ladies  thereupon  tendered  their  resignations, 

and    the    Managers,    by   motion,   declared    the    organization    of    the 

Board  of  Female  .\ssistants  abolished. 

At  the  same  meeting  the  Managers  gave  consideration   to  the   End 

complaints  concerning  the  Committee  on  Economy,  which  had  been   "f  Committee 

in   operation   since  March    1786,    (see  page  67),   and   the  following  °°    conom) 

resolution  was  offered  : 

Resolved,  That  so  much  of  any  rule  of  this  Board  as  constitutes  a  Committee 
of  Economy  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  repealed. 

It  is  recorded  that  „    . 

Resignation 

The  votes  being  equally  divided,  the   motion   did   not  prevail.     Whereupon    of  Managers. 

Joseph   R.  Jenks,  resigned  his  seat  as  Member  of  the  Committee  of  Economy, 

"  but  not  as  Manager." 

Charles  Roberts  then  offered  the  following,  which  was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  Steward,  with  the  advice  of  the  attending  Managers  shall 
have  power  to  employ  and  discharge  the  servants  and  nurses  as  they  may  judge 
proper  and  the  first  Rule  respecting  Nurses  and  Servants  is  repealed. 

The  object,  evidently,  was  to  abolish  the  Committee  on  Economy, 
which  had,  according  to  some  of  the  Managers,  overstepped  the  bounds 
of  their  powers  in  deciding  questions  which  had  come  before  them. 
The  communication  from  the  Female  Assistants  brought  forward  the 
matter,  which  had  been  smouldering  for  some  time,  to  a  crisis.  The 
Committee  of  Economy  had  been  invested  with  great  powers  in  the 
control  of  the  internal  administration  of  the  affairs,  which  may  have 
engendered  some  want  of  harmony  among  the  other  members  of  the 
Board.  It  may  be  said,  however,  to  the  credit  of  the  management 
that  it  appears  to  be  the  only  instance  of  a  disagreement  of  any 
importance,  which  has  occurred  in  the  history  of  the  institution. 

On    February    25,     1828,    the    following    communication    was   Res|gn„,iop5 
presented : 

Sensible  that  under  existing  circumstances,  we  can  render  you  no  acceptable 
or  efficient  aid,  we  have  concluded  to  retire  and  j'ou  are  therefore  no  longer  to 
consider  us  as  Members  of  your  Board. 

Thom.^s  p.  Cope, 

Joseph  R.  Jenks, 

Joseph  Johnson, 

Israel  Cope, 

Matthew  L.  Bevan. 
Philadelphia,  February  Sjtli,  1S2S. 
To  the  Managers. 

8^ 


Roberts  \aux  was  rcciucsted  to  act  as  Secretary.   The  Board  being 
unable  to  transact  business,  there  being  no  quorum  : 

It  is  aKreed  that  Thomas  Slewardsoii,  the  President,  with  Thomas  Morris, 
be  requested  to  take  legal  advice  of  Charles  Chauncey  Ksquire,  and  report 
thereon. 

Opmionof  At   a  meeting  held   March   i,  iSiS,   the  following  opinion  was 

Charles  presented  : 

Chauncev,  ,  ,,,  ,-         /■■,.  r..r.  ,• 

P  ■  On  the  25th  of  the  present  month,  five  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 

Hospital  communicated  their  resignation,  in  writing,  to  the  Board  and  retired. 
The  number  of  the  Managers  remaining  is  seven  and  they  have  requested  legal 
advice  as  to  their  powers  and  as  to  the  Me.isures  proper  to  be  pursued  by 
them. 

On  the  whole  my  advice  is  that  the  remaining  Managers  proceed  without 
delay  to  fill  the  vacancies  which  have  occurred  in  the  Board,  by  the  nomination 
of  other  Contributors,  which  Measure,  I  think  is  to  be  preferred  to  their  under- 
taking to  act  witliout  a  full  Board,  because  neither  the  labor  nor  the  responsibility 
of  this  Trust,  ought  to  rest  upon  so  small  a  number  of  Managers. 

Ch.xkles  Chau.ncev. 
Philadelphia,  February  29th,  1828. 

Acting  on  The  following  resolution  was  then  unanimously  ado])ted  : 

Advice  of  Where.^s  by  the  resignation  of  Thomas  P.   Cope,  Joseph  Johnson,  Joseph  R. 

Counsel,  j^.^^jg^  Israel  Cope  and  Matthew  L.  Bevan  which  was  made  to  this  Board  on  the 
2,slh  instant,  the  said  i)ersons  having  refused  to  act  as  Managers  and  retired  from 
the  office  and  five  vancancies  thereby  exist,  the  rest  of  the  .Managers  think  fit  to 
nominate  others  of  the  Contributors  to  supply  the  place  of  said  persons;  and 
will  therefore  proceed  to  such  nomination  and  appointment. 

Joseph  Price,  Alexander  VV.  Johnston,  Mordecai  Lewis,  John  J.  Smith  and 
Bartholomew  WIstar  were  appointed  in  the  place  of  the  persons  resigned. 

Centennial  The  first  official  recognition  and  celebration  of  the  birthday  ot 

Celebration   Cen.  Washington,    occurred  during  his  lifetime,  in   1788,  when  the 

of  the  Birth  of  <^„|,reme    Executive   Council    of    Pennsylvania    ordered    salutes   of 

ing  on.  jj|.jj]|g|.y  fQ  jjg  jj^gj  jj,  |.,J5  honor,  but  his  friends  and  admirers  had, 

previously  to  this,  met  and  informally  established  a  custom,  which  was 

so  well  sustained  by  public  opinion  that  it  subsequently  received  the 

sanction  of  the  City  authorities.     After  his  death,  the  celebration  was 

distinguished    by   special  enactment   of   Congress,   then  holding  its 

closing  session  in  Philadelphia.     It  was  recommended  by  a|)propriaie 

resolutions,  that    the    2 2d    of    February,    1800,  should    be   observed 

throughout    the    United    States    as   a   day   set    apart    for    exercises 

manifesting  the  popular  esteem  for  the  character  of  Washington.      In 

Philadeli)hia,  there  was  a  public  procession  under  the  direction  of  the 

Society  of  the  Cincinnati  and  also  a  parade  of  the  Masonic  fraternity 

and  of  the  Military,  and  a])propriale  addresses  were  delivered. 

In  the  year  1S32,  occurred  the  centennial  anniversary  of  Wash- 
ington's birthday,  and  it  was  celebrated  with  special  distinction.     A 

86 


Urge  civic  parade  was  a  prominent  part  of  the  proceedings.      In  tiie 

ceremonies  the  Firemen's  and  Odd  Fellows'  organizations  appeared  for   Centennial 

the  first  time  in   public  procession.     Every  interest  in  the  city  was   Anniversary, 
,  ,  ,.,.,..  ,1  J      1  1       •         Washington's 

sought  to  be  enlisted  in  this  immense  display,  and  the  peace-loving   Bir.i,H„„ 

Managers  of  the  Hospital  were  even  invited  to  participate,  as  will  be 

seen  in  the  following  formal  invitation  which  was  inserted  in  the  minutes, 

but  the  action  taken  by  the  Board  u])on  the  matter  is  not  recorded. 


CE:VTE!VNUL  CEIiEBRATIOIV. 


Sib, — ^The  Committee  of  Arrangement,  appointed  by  the  Citi- 
zens of  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia,  beg  leave  to     ,■ 
address  you  as  Chief  Officer  of /<Z^<^^^^^«.^f^<2.'*uO(?^^'p 
They  respectfully  request,  that  upon  this  occasion,  in  the  appro-  ' 

priate  celebration  of  which,  the  honor  of  Philadelphia  is  con- 
cerned, the  body  over  which  you  preside,  will  heartily  unite  in  ' 
forming  a  pajt  of  the  Civic  Proccfsion  on  the  22d  of  February. 
An  early  Report  to  this  Committee  is  peculiarly  desirable. 

By  order  and  on  behalf  of  the  Committee,  , 

I 


The  Committee  some  time  ago  appointed  on  the  subject  of  the  opinion  of 

Mortgage  unacknowledged  against  the  Estate  of  the  Hospital  reported  Mr  Chauncey 

having   conferred    with    Charles    Chauncey    thereon    and    he    having  o"  State 
prepared  an  essay  of  a  memorial  to  the  Legislature  asking  relief  in  the       '""'"• 
premises,  it  was  read  February  25,  1833,  and  approved,  as  follows: 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 

of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, 

The  (leliiion  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 

Hospital  respectfully  shezveth. 

That  by  an  .'\ct  of  Assembly  passed  the  eleventh  day  of  April  one  thousand    Petition  for 

seven   hundred   and    ninety-three  entitled    "  An  Act  for  extending   the  benefits    Relief. 

experienced  from  the  institution  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  "  there  was  granted 

87 


to  the  CDiitribiitors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  the  sum  of  Twenty  six  thousand 
six  hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars  and  sixty-seven  Cents  out  of  the  principal  and 
interest  due  to  the  Commonwealth  in  pursuance  of  an  Act  passed  the  26th  of 
February,  1773.  And  by  the  said  Act  it  was  provided  that  such  suiriciciit  security 
as  should  be  approved  of  by  the  Governor  should  be  given  by  the  Managers  on 
behalf  of  the  institution  with  condition  that  they  and  their  successors  should  use 
their  utmost  endeavours  to  collect  the  Monies  due  on  the  securities  and  should 
within  three  years  pay  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Commonwealth  such  surplus  as 
might  remain  in  their  hands,  beyond  the  said  sum  of  twenty-six  thousand  six 
hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars  and  sixty-seven  cents,  together  with  interest  thereon 
from  the  time  of  their  receiving  the  same. 
Mortgage  on  That  in  conformity  with  the  provision  in  said  act  Security  was  given  with  the 

the  Hospital,    approbation  of  the  governor  by  a  Mortgage  of  the  Corporate  estates  to  Thomas 
Mifflin,  esquire.  Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  dated  May  7th,  1793. 

That  the  Managers  entered  upon  the  performance  of  their  duties  under  the 
said  Act  of  Assembly  and  recovered  and  received  the  sum  so  granted  by  the 
Legislature  and  applied  the  same  agreeably  to  the  directions  of  the  said  Act ;  and 
thereafter  applied  to  the  Legislature  to  be  discharged  from  the  other  duties 
assigned  to  them  by  the  said  Act ;  and  on  the  4th  day  of  April  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  five  an  Act  of  Assembly  entitled  "  A  supplement  to  the  Act  entitled 
an  Act  for  extending  the  benefits  experienced  from  the  institution  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital  was  passed  by  which  it  was  enacted  That  whenever  the  said 
Managers  should  transfer  and  deliver  to  the  State  Treasurer  all  the  Bonds, 
Mortgages  and  Securities  assigned  to  them  in  pursuance  of  the  Act  before 
mentioned  and  give  him  all  the  information  they  possessed,  all  the  Trusts  and 
duties  assigned  by  the  said  .Act  should  cease  and  determine — 

That  the  said  Managers  did  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  said  Act  transfer, 
assign  and  deliver  to  the  State  Treasurer  all  the  said  bonds,  mortgages  and 
securities  and  give  him  all  the  information  they  possessed  and  were  thus  by  virtue 
of  the  said  Act  discharged  from  the  said  trusts  &  duties. 

That  the  said  Mortgage  hereinbefore  mentioned  of  the  Corporate  estates  still 
remains  on  record  to  the  inconvenience  of  said  Institution,  satisfaction  thereof 
having  never  been  acknowledged  ;  as  the  same  of  right  should  have  been  when 
the  Managers  were  in  conformity  with  the  last  mentioned  Act  of  Assembly  dis- 
charged from  the  duties  and  trusts  aforesaid. 

Your  petitioners  therefore  respectfully  ask  that  authority  maybe  given  by  law 
to  the  Recorder  of  deeds  for  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia  or  to  some  other 
officer  of  the  State  to  acknowledge  satisfaction  on  the  record  of  said  Mortgages. 

Two  copies  of  the  above  memorial  were  ordered  to  made  signed  by  the  Presi- 
dent and  Secretary  on  behalf  of  the  Managers  and  forwarded  to  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  at  Harrisburg. 

The  Committee  appointed  for  the  purpose  reported  that : 

Hospital  An  Act  to  provide  for  entering  satisfaction  on  a  certain  Mortgage  against  the 

Released.    Pennsylvania  Hospital  has  passed  the  Legislature  and  become  a  law. 

The    following   is  an    Extract   from    this   law   relating   to    the 
Mortgage  : 

An  Act  Supplementary  to  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  enlarge  the  buildings  of  the  State 
Penitentiary  for  the  Eastern  District,  and  for  other  purposes,"  passed  the 
twenty-eighth  day  of  March,  Anno  Domini,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
thirty-one,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Satisfaction 

of  Mortgage 

not  Recorded. 


88 


Section  6.  And  be  it  furlher  enaclcd  by  lite  aiilliorilv  aforesaid,  That  the 
recorder  of  deeds  for  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia  be,  and  is  hereby  author- 
ized and  required  to  acknowledge  satisfaction  of  record  of  a  Mortgage  executed 
by  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  Thomas  Mifflin,  Esquire, 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  bearing  date  the  seventh  day  of  May,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-three,  recorded  in  the  office  fcjr  recording 
deeds,  &c.,  in  and  for  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia  in  Mortgage  book 
Number  nine,  page  three  hundred  and  thirty-five,  &c. 

Approved  the  ninth  day  of  April.  A.  D.  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
thirty-three. 

George  Wolf,  Governor. 

During  the  years  from    1S33   to    1840,  tlie  Managers  performed   Continued 
their  duties  regularly,  the  physicians  were  recorded  as  being  attentive   Growth  of 
to   the   patients,   and   the  routine   work  of   the   Hospital  continued      °^'" 
without  special  incident  and   without   interruption.     It    was    found, 
however,  that  the  reputation  of  the  institution  was  attracting  to  it  a 
constantly  increasing  number  of  patients,  making  it  necessary  to  pro- 
vide greater  accommodations,  especially  for  the  insane.     Accordingly 
the  Contributors  authorized  the  Managers  to  sell  some  of  the  lots  in 
the  city,  and  buy  ground  in  West  Philadelphia,  and  to  erect  thereon 
the  Department  for  the  Insane,  which  was  opened  in   1840.     As  the 
records  of  the  two   departments  thenceforward  became  distinct  and 
independent,  the  account  of  the  Insane  will  be  taken  up  for  consider- 
ation later  on. 

On  May  26,  1794,  the  Building  Committee  proposed  the  erection  ice  Houses, 
of  an  Ice  House  which  was  approved  and  they  were  instructed  to 
build  one  of  such  dimensions  as  they  deem  ])roi)er.  On  December  30, 
1811,  "  Sioo  was  paid  towards  building  a  New  Ice  House,  offered  by 
Robt.  Field."  December  17,  1819,  "  The  Steward  is  directed  to  fill 
the  old  Ice  House,  when  suitable  Ice  can  be  had,  but  to  omit  filling 
the  New  One.  It  is  understood  that  ice  is  not  to  be  as  heretofore 
supplied  from  this  Institution  to  the  citizens."  The  winter  of  1838, 
however,  was  of  such  unusual  mildness  that  very  few  ice  houses  were 
filled,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  again  sold  ice  to  its  neigh- 
bors. 

On  the  removal  of  the  Insane  patients  to  West  Philadelphia,   in    Extensive 
1841,  the  western  wingof  the  buildings,  and  two-thirds  of  the  groimds      ^P^"'^- 
which  had  been  tormerly  occupied  by  them  in  the  Hospital  at  Eighth 
and  Pine  Streets,  were  at  once  made   available    for    the    needs  of  the 
sick  and  injured,  but  quite  extensive  repairs  were  necessary  in  order 
to  adapt  the  building  for  the  purposes  of  a  (ieneral  Hospital. 

From  the  Minutes  it  is  learned  th;it  this  work    now    engaged  the 
attention  of  the  Managers. 

89 


On  May  lo,  1841,  the  best  manner  of  ini])roving  the  Hospital 
came  up  for  consideration,  but  it  was  not  until  December,  ICS44,  that 
action  was  taken  as  follows  : 

Plans  for  U'lifirai,  sincf  tlii;  Pcmisylvani.'i  Hospital  was freclc-d experience  lias  pointed 

Improvement  out  many  improvements  in  the  conslruclion  of  hospitals  whereby  the  comfort  of 
considered,  patients  is  increase<l  and  iheir  more  certain  and  speedy  lecovery  promoted  ;  and 
whereas  it  is  proper  tlial  such  iniproveinenls  should  l>e  imrtiduced  into  the  Hos- 
pitals so  far  as  circumstances  will  permit  and  a  prudent  and  economical  adminis- 
tration of  the  funds  of  the  Institution  will  warrant  it,  and  whereas  the  present 
Building  will  soon  retpiire  extensive  repairs  which  may  he  more  economically  and 
conveniently  efTected  in  conjunction  with  the  desired  improvements  than  if  both 
should  be  earned  on  separately  from  each  other :  and  where.as  it  is  presumed  that 


Ivihrary,  lookin>^  East. 

the  Pin sicians  and  surgeons  of  the  house  can  give  the  Managers  iinp(jrtai,t  and 
valued  advice  on  the  subject,  therefore. 

Kisiili'fil,  that  they  be  respectfully  requested  to  furnish  the  Board  as  soon 
as  they  can  conveniently  do  so,  with  a  detailed  plan  of  such  alterations  in 
the  Hospital  Buildings  as  in  their  oi)inion  will  best  i)romote  the  object  in  view- 
together  with  their  reasons  therefore. 

The  Medical  Staff  having  been  duly  consulted,  the  work  was 
commenced  early  in  1845.  In  March,  1S47,  the  Committee  reported 
completion  of  improvements  which  cost  515,500,  in  addition  an 
.  expense  of  $5,000  for  warming  the  house,  .\mong  the  many  changes 
made,  the  report  stated  that  there  ha  1  been  a  change  in  location  of 
the  Med  cal  l-ibrarv. 


90 


The  large  room  in  tlie  second  story  of  the  Centre  Building,'  formerly  used  as 
a  female  medical  ward,  has  been  handsomely  fitted  up  for  the  reception  of  the 
Library  ;  the  expense  has  been  defrayed  out  of  the  "  Medical  Fund." 

With  regard  to  the  alterations,  the  Btiilding  Committee  reported  :    Hospital 

,    ,     ,    ,.  ,       Remodelled. 

Little  more  than  the  old  walls  of  the  transverse  sections  and  the  belfry  on  the 

Tower  remain  to  remind  us  of  the  past. 

.-Vjjril  24,  1848,  the  following  appears  upon  the  minutes  : 
Several  gentlemen  having  contributed  the  sum   of   I510   for   the  purpose  of   Trees 
having  trees  jilanted  around  tlie  outside  of  the  Hospital  Square,  the  Treasurer  is    Planted, 
instructed  to  take  account  thereof  and  to  give  to  such  of  the  donors  as   were  not 
heretofore   contributors   and   have    in   this   case   made   the    legal     contribution, 
certificates  of  Contributionship.     He  is  also  requested  to  pay  the   money  over  to 
the  Steward   of  the   Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  the  City,  who  is  instructed  to  see 
to  the  application  of  the  fund  in  company  with  the  attending  Managers. 

The  exterior  of  the  Centre  Building  remains  to-day  very  much  as   Centre 
it  was  originally  in  1796,  but  the    interior  arrangements    have    been   Building- 
altered  materially.     On  the  third  floor  there  is  now  one  large  ward, 
extending  along  tlie  entire  south  front.      .-\n    improvement    was  also 
made  in  the  amphitheatre, 

'■  By  means  of  which  there  is  a  gain  of  about  fifty  seats,  making  accommo- 
dations for  about  three  hundred  students."  "  In  the  Hall  the  old  wooden  floors 
were  replaced  by  handsome  tiles." 

February  25,  1850,  the  Managers  Change  of 

Entrance. 
Hisolved,  That  it  is  expedient  that  the  entrance  on  Pine  Street  shall  be 

permanently  closed  for  the  admission  and  discharge  of  patients  within  eighteen 
months  from  the  present  time. 

January  27,  1851,  the  Managers  voted  : 
That  the  j)rincipal  entrance  to  the  Hospital  be  removed  to  Eighth  Street. 

The  building  at  the  Eighth  Street  entrance,  which  was  built  for 
the  gatekee[)er's  Lodge,  has  a  front  of  seventy  feet  on  Eighth  Street. 
In  the  centre  is  an  arched  gateway,  which  is  the  principal  carriage 
entrance  to  the  enclosure.     There  are  also  waiting-rooms  for  patients. 

The  Contributors,  at  a  meeting  held  May  14,  1855,  requested  the 
Managers  to  take  energetic  measures  to  obtain  such  an  amount  of 
subscriptions  as  would  enable  them  to  put  up  a  separate  building  to 
accommodate  the  male  patients  of  the  insane  department  in  West 
Philadelphia.  The  following  Contributors  were  appointed  to  assist 
the  Managers  :  Isaac  Collins,  Frederick  Fraley,  William  Bettle,  William 
Welsh,*  Wistar  Morris,  Samuel  Mason,  Thomas  Tasker,  Horatio  C. 
Wood. 

At  the  annual  meeting.  May,  1856,  the  Managers  state  that : 
It  has  not  been   customary  to  report  to  the  Contributors  the  state  of  the 
Hospital  in  the  city,  but  merely  to  submit  at  their  annual  meetings  a  condensed 


*  this  apartment  has  been  used,  since  that  time,  also  as  the  Managers'  Meeting  Room. 

91 


statement  of  the  accounts,  a  few  copies  of  which  have  l>eeii  subsequently  printed 
Annual  ^"''  circulated.  The  Board  deem  it  advisable,  as  well  as  due  to  those  who  arc 
Reports  '"'cesled  in  this  Charity,  to  maUe  them  more  fully  acquainted  with  its  peculiar 
Issued     situation  at  this  time. 

From  that  time  to  llic  present,  the  reports  of  all  the  departments, 
compiled  by  the  Managers  and  Stewards,  have  been  submitted  to  the 
Contributors  at  the  annual  meeting,  the  first  Monday  in  May  of  each 
year,  and  afterwards  published  in  ])amphlet  form  for  distribution  to 
the  friends  of  the  Hospital.  The  last  annual  reports  of  the  several 
departments  have  been  durably  bound  in  black  cloth,  making  a 
handsome  volume. 
Picture  Qf,  July   2(3^   1 85 4,   the   College   of  Physicians   of  Philadelphia 

ease     [g^g^j  ((.jg  i}„iiding  on  Spruce  Street  for  holding  its  meetings  and 
College  of  library  and  it  was  so  occupied   until    1870,  when  the   College  moved 
Physicians,   into  its  Own  commodious,   fireproof  building  at  the  corner  of  Thir- 
teenth and  Locust  Streets. 
Humane  An  unexpected  source  of  assistance  was  found  in   the  dissolution 

f"*^'h'^  of  the  Humane  Society  of  Philadelphia.  The  object  of  this  organi- 
zation was  the  recovery  of  drowned  persons,  the  giving  of  medals  for 
saving  hiunan  life,  also  to  offer  aid  to  those  suffering  from  ca.sualties. 
A  considerable  fund  having  accumulated  in  the  course  of  years,  which 
the  Society  found  difficult  to  expend  for  the  purjjoses  specified,  the 
Contributors  to  the  Hiunane  Society  concluded  to  petition  the  Legis- 
lature for  the  privilege  of  transferring  its  funds,  then  amounting  to 
§22,478.50,  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

On  September  29,  1856,  when  the  subject  of  the  transfer  of  the 
funds  of  this  Society  to  the  Hospital  was  submitted  to  the  Board,  the 
following  communication  was  sent  in  reply  : 

PiilLADELi'Hl.v,  gth  mo.  10th,  1S56. 
To  Ihe  PrcsidenI  and  Managers  of  the  Humane  Society  : 

I  hereby  certify  that  no  objection  has  been  made  to  me  by  any  of  the  Contri- 
butors to  the  funds  of  this  Society,  or  by  any  of  their  legal  representatives,  to 
the  transfer  of  the  said  funds  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

(Signed)        Alex.  J.  Derbvshirk,  .Sir. 

\\'hereu])on  the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  adopted 

by  the   Humane   Society,  and  a  copy  transmitted  to  the   Hoard  of 

Managers : 

VVIIKREAS,  by  an  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania  approved  on  the  17th  day  of  March,  18.56,  (a  copy  of  which  the 
Secretary  is  hereby  requested  to  enter  on  the  Minute  Book  after  the  record  of  the 
present  meeting),  the  Managers  of  the  Humane  Society  are  authorized,  on  com- 
plying with  the  directions  therein  contained,  to  transfer,  convey,  and  deliver  to 
the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  all  the  funds,  stocks,  money  and 
property  of  the  said  Humane  Society.     And   whereas  the  notice  prescribed  in 

92 


Section  I  of  said  Act  lias  been  published  In  the  "  North  American  and  United 
States  Gazette"  and  the  "  Daily  News,"  two  of  the  daily  newspapers  of  the  City 
of  Philadelphia,  twice  a  week  from  the  19th  day  of  Fourth  Month  to  the  19th  day 
of  Seventh  Month,  1S56.  And  whereas  the  Secretary  has  this  day  certified  that 
no  objection  has  been  made  to  him  by  any  of  the  Contributors  to  the  funds  of  the 
Humane  Society  or  by  any  of  their  legal  representatives  to  the  transfer  of  the 
said  funds  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital : 

Now  therefore  be  it  Kcsolfcd,  That  the  President  and  Secretary  be  and  they 
hereby  are,  authorized  and  instructed  to  transfer,  convey  and  hand  over  to  the 
Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  as  soon  as  they  conveniently  can,  all 
the  funds,  stocks,  money  and  property  of  this  Society,  and  receive  from  the 
said  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  an  acknowldgement  thereof. 
Resolved,  That  the  Treasurer  be  and  he  hereb)-  is,  directed  to  surrender  and  pay 
over  to  the  said  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  whenever  the 
President  and  Secretary  shall  direct  him  so  to  do,  all  the  cash,  stocks,  loans  and 
other  securities  belonging  to  this  Society  that  may  be  remaining  in  his  hands, 
after  the  payment  of  the  orders  authorized  to  be  drawn  upon  him.' 

(Signed  dy  Officers  of  Humane  Society.) 

The  money  was  accordingly  conveyed  to  the  treasury  of  the 
Hospital  to  be  used  for  charitable  purposes  in  caring  for  the  sick 
and  injured,  and  the  Humane  Society,  which  was  established  in  1780, 
dissolved  its  organization  and  passed  out  of  existence  after  an  honor- 
able and  useful  career  of  seventy-six  years. 

On   lanuary  28,  i8?6,  the  following  memorial  to  the  Legislature   ......       , 

-'  •         '        ^    '  "  o  Limitation  of 

applying  for  an  amendment  to  the  Charter  to  enable  the  Hosjjital  to   Estate  held 
receive  and  hold  contributions,  bequests,  etc.,  to  an  increased  amount   by  Hospital 
the  sum  of  which  shall  not  exceed  §50,000  annually,  was  read  and   E.xtended. 
directed  to  be  forwarded  to  Harrisburg  : 

To  the  Senate  and  Hoitsc  of  Representatives 
of  the  Commoiiweallh  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  memorial  of  the  Hoard  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  respectfully  represents 
That  in  the  year  1751  a  number  of  the  benevolent  Citizens  of  the  Common- 
wealth associated  together  to  establish  in  the  City  of   Philadelphia  a  Hospital  for 
the  relief  of  tiie  sick  poor  and  insane  of  the  Province,  that  a  Charter  was  soon 
after  granted  to  "The  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  "  and  that  since 
that  period  it  has  been  dispensing  its  benefits,  as  far  as  its  means  would  permit 
through  every  section  of  the  State.     Your  memorialists  would  further  represent  > 

that  with  the  e.xception  of  some  assistance  granted  by  the  Provincial  Assembly 
and  an  early  Legislature  towards  the  erection  of  the  original  Structure,  it  has 
always  depended  for  its  support  upon  the  Contributions  of  the  benevolent  and  the 
income  from  its  vested  funds  derived  from  the  same  source,  and  that  from  its 

^  The  following  is  a  list  of  securities  received  by  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  the  Humane 
Society:  Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Co.  Certificates,  ^,000:  City  Sixes,  five  Certificates,  ^5. 500  ; 
Insurance  Co.,  North  America,  no  shares :  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank,  112  shares  ;  Philadel- 
phia Banli,  seven  shares;  Philadelphia  and  Lancaster  Turnpike  Co.,  three  shares;  Mortgage, 
(Christopher  VV.  Wesselmann),  ^1,500;  Mortgage,  (Jesse  Williams),  $1,000;  Check  on  Philadelphia 
Bank,  $166.     Acknowledged  by  Treasurer  John  T.  Lewis. 

93 


Limiting  the 

Income  of 

certain 

Cliaritable 

Institutions. 


Sick  and 

■  Wounded 

Soldiers  and 

Sailors. 


Wounded 
Soldiers. 


openinj;  in  1752,  to  the  close  of  the  last  official  year  no  less  than  5S.749  patients 
were  received  and  treated  in  its  wards,  and  of  these  34,018  were  jioor  persons  who 
received  all  the  advantages  of  the  Institution  without  charge  of  any  kind:  With 
the  increased  demands  upon  the  two  branches  of  this  great  Charity,  your  memo- 
rialists have  steadily  endeavored  to  enlarge  their  accommodations  and  are  now 
engaged  in  securing  the  means  of  putting  up  a  large  building  for  the  insane,  which 
with  their  present  Hospital  in  the  City,  will  enable  them  to  add  largely  to  their 
means  of  usefulness  should  their  income  be  sufTicient  to  support  the  additional 
number  who  can  then  be  received. 

Your  memorialists  would  therefore  pray  your  honorable  bodies  that  "the 
Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  "  may  receive  and  hold  any  bequests 
or  contributions  made  Ihem  for  the  purpose  of  e.vtending  the  accommodations  of 
the  indigent  sick  and  insane  of  Pennsylvania,  and  that  they  may  hold  vested 
funds  devoted  to  this  olyect,  the  annual  income  of  which  does  not  e.vceed  Fifty 
thousand  dollars. 

The  appeal  proved  successful  and  the  following  was  enacted  : 

mereas.  The  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital  have  existed  as  a 
Corporation  for  upwards  of  a  century  to  the  great  benefit  and  relief  of  many 
thousanils  of  sick,  wounded  and  insane  persons  admitted  therein  for  treatment, 
and  has  been  wholly  sustained  by  private  charity  and  without  any  charge  upon 
the  public  treasury:  And  whereas,  The  said  corporation  has  now  two  large 
buildings,  and  the  inmates  thereof  to  sustain  by  the  income  of  its  invested  capital 
and  are  about  to  erect  another  that  the  se.\es  of  the  insane  department  may  be 
separately  accommodated,  which  will  require  an  increase  of  revenue  to  sustain  it ; 
be  it,  therefore,  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that  the  said  contribu- 
tors to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital  may  acquire  and  hold  for  the  maintenance  and 
support  of  the  several  departments,  and  the  inmates  thereof,  ground  rents,  bonds 
and  mortgages,  public  and  corporate  loans  and  Stocks,  to  produce  an  annual 
income,  together  with  such  investments  now  held,  not  exceeding  in  the  whole 
fifty  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

Approved,  The  Twenty-first  day  of  .March,  .\nno  Domini,  one  thousand  eight 

hundred  and  fifty-six. 

(Signed)        Jamks  Pollock,  GDvernor. 

The  Managers  in  their  annual  reijort  at  a  Contributors'  Meeting 
held  May,  1861,  made  mention  of  the  special  needs  of  the  Institu- 
tion, particularly  mentioning  the  prospective  demands  likely  to  be 
made  by  the  Civil  War,  which  had  just  begun  antl  wiiirli  is  referred 
to  in  the  following  terms  : 

At  the  present  time,  when  our  country  is  threatened  with  the  terrible  scourge, 
war,  it  behooves  us  to  endeavor  to  be  prepared  by  every  means  in  our  power,  to 
relitve  these  who  may  be  sufferers  from  the  insep:irable  ills  which  must  follow  in 
its  train,  and  that  not  one  applicant  should  be  allowed  to  leave  our  gate  while 
there  is  room  to  acconwnodate,  because  the  funds  adequate  to  relieve  are  wanted. 

The    following    communication    was    received    on    October   27, 

1861  : 

StJRGEON  General's  Office, 

State  of  Pennsvlvania. 
Mr.  Wm.  G.  Malin,  Steward. 

Dear  Sir. — I  have  been  requested  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  to  ask  how 
many  patients  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  will  offer  to  take  and  the  rate  of  board. 


94 


I  have  suggested  Jj  per  week,  and  said  I  had  been  informed  that  the  Hoard  had 
offered  at  least  loo  beds.  Will  yon  promptly  reply  as  I  have  promised  an  answer 
by  9.30  to-morrow  ?  Of  course  you  can  obtain  the  desired  information  either 
to-night  or  to-morrow  morning  as  it  is  an  emergency  and  I  think  the  acting 
Managers  will  and  can  promptly  res])ond.  Until  the  arrangement  is  completed 
let  this  application  be  confidential.  Send  word  by  bearer  what  you  can  do  to  aid 
me  in  the  matter  and  oblige, 

Yours  respectfully, 

Henrv  H.  Smith. 

It  was  found  that  the  Ho.spital  could  at  oiice  receive  si.\ty  jiatients   Accommo- 

and  be  |)repared  very  promptly  to  admit  eighty  additional.     A  com-   dation  for 

mittee  was  aijpointed  to  confer  with   Surgeon   General  Smith  and  to  ^ 

'  '  '^  Wounded 

prepare  at  once  for  ihe  reception  of  the  Soldiers  and  also   to   offer  to  soldiers 

the    Government   ground    for    tiie   erection    of  temporary   hospital  offered, 
accommodation. 

At  a  specitl  meeting  held  June  3,  1862,  to  consider   the   further  Sick  and 

accommodation  of  sick  and  wounded  soldiers,  it  was  :  Wounded 

Soldiers. 
Resolved,  That  all  the  accommodations  in  the  Institution  in  the  Medical  and 
Surgical  wards  are  again  ofiered  for  the  use  of  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  of 
our  army  who  may  be  brought  to  the  Hospital. 

On  June  23d,  an  agreement  was  made  with  reference  to  tlie 
admission  of  Sick  and  Wounded  Soldiers,  and  a  contract  was  signed 
with  R.  H.  Coolidge,  Medical  Inspector  U.  S.  Army. 

The  first  reception  of  wounded  soldiers  was  on  July  7th  and  all 
were  removed  by  October  t3th,  the  Government  having,  in  the  mean- 
time, erected  hoi|)itals  in  and  around  Philadelphia.  The  whole 
number  admitted  and  treated  in  the  Hospital  was  124.  Subsequently 
manv  sick  or  wounded  Soldiers  and  Sailors  ajjplied  for  treatment  as 
individuals  and  were  received  into  the  wards. 

In  I7S4,  Franklin  wrote  that  :  

' -^  Ministration 

The  kind  visits  and  conversation  of  some  serious  persons,  and  the  pious  books    to  the  Sick 

that  have  been  left  in  the  Hospital,  recommended  to   the  perusal    of  the   patients,    by  Visitors. 

have  been  attended  with  a  blessing  in  these  respects. 

It  would  therefore  seem  likelx'  tliat  ministrations  to  patients  were 
regularly  conducted,  but  no  further  mention  is  made  of  such  work  for 
many  years. 

In  1764,  a  number  of  Bibles,  Testaments  and  some  Sermons  were 
presented  to  the  Hospital  by  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Religious  Knowledge. 

One  of  the  most  attentive  and  interested  visitors  to  the   sick  was   Visitors. 
Mr.  Edmund  J.  Yard,  affectionately  known  as  Father  Yard.     He  was 
born  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  January' 19,  1792,  and  died   in    PhiLideljihia, 
December  5,  1876,  aged   nearly  eighty-five    years.      He   had    been  a 

95 


regular  worker  in  tlie  wards  of  the  Hospital  from  his  tweiitiuth  year  of 

age,  in  1812,   until  his  death,  in   1S75,  administering  for  sixty-three 

years  to  their  spiritual  wants  and  j,'iving  aid  and  comfort  to  the  patients. 

Religious  Soon  after  his  settlement  in  Phila(lel|ihia  it   became   his   habit   to 

Work  among  ^.^^j^^  Sunday   afternoons   at    the   Hosi)ital,    where   his  labors   were 

llie  Patients.      '  ,      .  ,  ,,.  ,  .     ,  ,  ,  ,     .    •. 

crowned  with  success.      His  manner  was  so  kind  and   tender  that  it 

seemed  like  soothing  balm  to  the  sick  and  wounded.      I'rom  many 

patients,  after  their  leaving  the  Hospital,  he  received  visits  at  his  own 

lionie,  and  letters,  after  their  removal  from   the  city,  affording;  rich 

testimonials  to  the  character  of  the  good  work  wrought. 

Mr.  Howard  Edwards  and  Mr.  Louis  L.  Forbes  have  been 
visitors  in  the  wards  for  about  thirty  years,  also  taking  part  in  the 
Sunday  services. 

For  the  i)ast  twenty-two  years,  Mr.  Charles  M.  Morton  hasdevoted 
much  of  his  time  and  energy  to  the  conducting  of  the  religious  services 
which  are  held  regularly  in  the  Library  apartment  of  the  Hospital, 
every  Sunday  afternoon  and  on  Wednesday  evenings.  These  services 
are  non-sectarian,  and  are  made  a.s  attractive  and  ])rofitable  as  possible. 
Some  of  the  lady  visitors  conduct  the  music,  with  the  assistance  of 
the  nurses  and  others  connected  with  the  Hospital.  Musical  and 
other  entertainments  are  also  given  several  times  during  the  winter, 
and  have  jjroved  occasions  of  much  enjoyment. 

The  value  of  these  benevolent  ministrations  among  the  jiatients  in 
the  wards,  which  for  so  many  years  have  been  so  regular  and  so  satis- 
factory, have  repeatedly  been  acknowledged  by  resolutions  of  thanks 
from  the  IJoard  of  Managers. 

Clergymen  of  every  denomination  are  fretpiently   in   attendance 

and  are  sent  for  when  desired  by  jxTtieiits. 

Coiurihutiiiii  On  February    22d,  1869,  a  welcome  contribution  of  $2,000  was 

from  U.  S.    received  from   the  United   States  Sanitary  (."ommission  .Association, 

anitary   ^^,.^j^    ^j^^  condition  that  it  should   be  aijplied  to   the  relief  of  sick 

Commission.  '  ■  z^,  ., 

or  wounded  United  States  Soldiers  or  Sailors,  or  the  Orphan  Chil- 
dren of  such  Soldiers  or  Sailors  who  have  lost  their  lives  in  the  United 
States  Service.  The  donation  was  received  with  a  vote  of  thanks,  and 
the  treasurer  was  directed  to  keep  the  money  in  a  separate  fund,  to  be 
expended  only  for  the  purposes  specified. 

At  an  annual  meeting  of  the  Contributors,  held  May  2,  1864, 
it  was 

Resolved,  That  tlic  Board  of  i\raiiagcrs  be  and  tliey  are  hereby  recjuested  to 
consider  the  propriety  of  selecting  and  organizing  a  few  Christian  women  to  serve 
as  stated  visitors  at  tlie  IVnnsylvania  Hospital,  to  aid  in  promoting  the  mental, 

96 


moral   and   s|)iriuial    svc-lfart-  of   tlK-   patients,    anil    lliat   llie   .Managers   have   the 
authority  to  carry  the  same  into  effect. 

In  February,  1S65,  the  Managers   recalling  the  valuable  services   Official 

of  the  former  Board  of   Visitors  (see  page  84),  voted  to  appoint  a   ^^°'"'"' 

^         '    °  -^  '  '  Visitors, 

committee  of 

Such  ladies  as  may  be  deemed  suitable  to  visit  the  wards  of  the  Hospital,  and 
read  and  converse  with  the  patients  from  time  to  time. 


'I'he  following  communication  was  received  from  the  Visitors, 
June  26,  1866,  as  their  first  annual  report : 

As  it  is  now  more  than  one  year  since  a  company  of  ladies  were  invited  by 
the  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  confer 
together  on  the  propriety  of  forming  a  committee  to  visit  the  patients. 

After  a  year's  experience  we  can  state  that  we  believe  our  labor  has  not  been 
in  vain. 

The  plan  of  organization  has  been  a  President,  Secretary  and  Committee  for 
the  several  wards  so  arranged  that  the  Hospital  has  been  visited  every  day  during 
the  two  summer  months. 

A  Bible  class  for  men  and  another  for  women  have  been  held  weekly  ;  and 
several  interesting  cases  of  a  religious  nature  have  claimed  our  attention,  whose 
advancement  has  been  promoted  we  believe  by  this  work,  giving  us  a  fresh 
assurance  of  the  truth;  "My  word  shall  not  return  unto  me  void,  but  it  shall 
accomplish  that  which  I  please  and  it  sliall  jjrosper  in  the  thing  whereto  I  send  it." 

The  number  of  our  working  members  is  very  small  and  we  trust  the  Man- 
agers w-ill  aid  us  by  inducing  such  of  their  friends  as  may  be  suitable  to  join  us  in 
this  interesting  field  of  labor. 

This  committee  has  continued  to  visit  to  the  present  time  and 
has  been  of  uncjuestionable  service  in  ameliorating  the  condition  of 
many  of  those  whose  sufferings  have  compelled  them  to  become 
Hospital  inmates. 

With  regard  to  the  care  of  firemen,  the  following  contract  with 
the  Philadelphia  Contributionship  was  approved,  July  29,  1867. 

This  Agreement  between  "The  Contributors  to  tlie  Pennsylvania  Hospital" 
of  the  first  part;  and  "  The  Philadelphia  Contril)utionship  for  the  Insurance  of 
Houses  from  Loss  by  Fire"  of  the  second  part ;  Witnesseth,  That  the  jiarty  of 
the  first  part,  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of  Five  Thousand  Dollars,  lawful 
money  of  the  United  States,  paid  to  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  by  the  said 
party  of  the  second  part,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  hath 
agreed,  and  by  these  Presents  doth  agree,  that  the  said  party  of  the  first  part, 
shall  and  will,  at  any,  and  all  times  hereafter  forever,  admit  and  receive  into  their 
Hospital,  for  medical,  surgical,  and  Hospital  care,  treatment,  and  maintenance, 
and  upon  such  admittance  and  reception,  shall  and  will  bestow  on  the  person  and 
persons  so  admitted  and  received,  such  care,  treatment  and  maintenance  as 
aforesaid,  without  further  compensation  or  payment,  either  by  the  said  party  of 
the  second  part,  or  by  the  person  or  persons,  so  admitted,  received,  treated,  and 
maintained  as  aforesaid,  than  the  sum  of  money  now  paid  as  aforesaid,  the 
number,  description,  and  condition  of  persons  hereinafter  set  forth,  whenever  the 
same  from  time  to  time,  shall  be  nominated  and  appointed  for  such  admittance, 


Report  of 

Woman 

Visitors. 


Injured 
Firemen. 


Free  Beds 
Established. 


97 


reception  and  treatment.  l>y  the  .Board  of  Directors  of  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part,  or  their  successors  in  office,  that  is  to  say,  two  persons,  and  not 
more  than  two  at  one  time,  hut  either  separately  at  difl'erent  times,  or  together  at 
Free  Beds  the  same  time,  beinj;  Firemen,  members  of  the  Fire  Companies  in  the  City  of 
for  Firemen.  Philadelpliia  in  active  service  for  the  e.\tinKuishment  of  Fires,  controlled  or 
regulated  by  ordinance  of  the  said  City,  and  conformint;  to  the  same,  and  which 
persons  shall  or  may  be  from  time  to  lime  hereafter,  disabled  or' hurt  in  the 
performance  of  active  service  and  duty  as  Firemen  as  aforesaid,  so  as  to  require 
or  need  such  medical  or  surgical  treatment,  care  and  maintenance.  It  being 
understood  and  provided  by  both  the  said  parties  hereto,  that  if  any  such  persons 
so  nomin.ited  and  appointed,  adniitteil  and  received  into  said  Hospital,  shall 
after  such  reception  and  treatment  be  adjudged  by  the  party  of  the  first  part, 
under  the  advice  of  the  surgeons  and  medical  advisers  of  the  said  Hospital,  to  be 
incurable  of  such  hurt  or  disability,  the  party  of  the  first  part,  shall  not  be 
required  to  continue  said  person  in  said  Hospital  under  this  agreement ;  But 
the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  by  their  Board  of  Directors,  shall  never- 
theless always  be  competent  to  require  that  such  person  shall  be  continued 
in  the  said  Hospital  under  this  agreement,  for  the  term  of  three  calendar  months 
from  and  after  his  or  their  first  recejnion  therein.  And  it  is  further  agreed  and 
provided  that  the  several  persons  admitted  and  received  in  the  said  Hospital 
under  this  agreement,  shall  in  all  respects  be  subject  to  the  same  rules  and 
regulations  of  (he  said  Hospital,  as  shall  or  may  from  time  to  time  be  in  force  for 
the  government  of  patients  in  the  said  Hospital. 

In  response  to  an  application,  the  Mutual  Association  made  a 
similar  agreement : 

November  14.  i,S67. 
To  Ibf  Managers ; — 

N'our  application  was  laid  before  our  board  yesterday  and  they  have  consented 
to  pay  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Five  Thousand  dollars  on  the  same  condi* 
tions  as  the  Philadelphia  Contributionship — they  will  re()uire  the  same  instrunieiils 
to  be  executed  by  the  Hospital. 

This  agreement  was   made   and    the    money   dul\    jiaid    to    the 
Treasurer. 
New  At  a  meeting  held    October   ii,    1867,    a   conference    wiih   the 

Clinical    Medical  Staff  was  held  in  reference  to  the  erection  of  the  new  operat- 

mpu-    j^       ^^j  lecture-room, 
theatre.        '^ 

On  A])ril  27,  1868,  the  minutes  state  that  : 

The  design  for  the  contemplated  building  met  with  the  approval  of  the  Sur- 
geons and  physicians  of  the  Hospital,  who  had  been  consulted.  The  plan  is  that 
of  an  Dctagonal  edifice  which  admits  of  its  being  brfiught  nearer  the  central  por- 
tion of  the  old  Hospital  building  than  was  thought  advisable  under  plans  previ-  ■ 
ously  considered.  The  difficult  question  of  locality  is  satisfactorily  answered  by 
this  plan  ;  and  every  objection  as  regards  light  and  air,  and  ingress  and  egress  in 
either  the  old  or  the  new  structures,  which  has  presented  itself  hitherto,  is  fully 
avoided  by  this  improved  design. 

The  amphitheatre  was  completed  and  formally  opened  January 
9,  1869,  by  an  address  delivered  by  Dr.  John  F.  Meigs,  of  the 
Medical  Staff,  to  the  Managers,  and  also  to  four  or  five  hundred 
physicians  and  students. 


Mutual 

Association 

Company. 


98 


By  tliL-  coniplftioii  of  tliis  building  greatly  iiicrfased  facilities  are  afforded  for 
the  performance  of  difficult  operations  requiring  a  proper  admission  of  light, 
which  will  remedy  an  inconvenience  seriously  felt  in  the  old  operating  room, 
situated  as  it  was  in  the  cupola  of  the  centre  of  the  main  building  and  ill  adapted 
for  accommodating  the  large  number  of  students. 

The  whole  cost  of  the  building  was  $27,072.08,  ^vhile  the  sub- 
scriptions received  from  friends  amounted  to  $12,742.82  ;  the  balance 
being  paid  from  the  Medical  Library  Fund. 

This  building  has  been  constantly  in  use  since  1868,  indeed  up  to 
the  present  time.  With  the  completion  of  the  New  Memorial  wards, 
a  new  operating  and  general  Lecture-room  will  be  required,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  three  small  operating  rooms  in  the  new  buildings,  so  that 
the  octagonal  amphitheatre  of  1868  is  doomed  soon  to  be  demol- 
ished. 

At  a  meeting  held  March  29,  1869,  at  the  request  of  the  Hos-  Microscopist. 
pital  Staff,  Joseph  G.  Richardson,  M.  D.,  was  elected  Microscopist 
to  the  Hospital.  He  was  succeeded  May  4,  1885,  by  Henry  M. 
Fisher,  M.  D.,  the  present  incumbent.  On  May  5,  1890,  the  office 
was  combined  with  others  and  Henry  M.  Fisher,  M.  D.,  was  desig- 
nated as  Pathologist,  Curator,  and  Microscopist. 

The  office  of  Pathological  Chemist  was  established  November  28,  Pathological 
1870,  at  the  request  of  the  Hospital  Staff,  to  make  such  chemical  "-''"'^  ■ 
examinations  as  may  be  required,  by  the  direction  of  the  Medical 
officers.  At  the  date  given,  Horace  Binney  Hare,  M.  D.,  was  elected 
the  Pathological  Chemist.  This  office  was  abolished  May  26,  1879. 
The  Managers,  having  recently  decided  to  equip  bacteriological  and 
chemical  laboratories,  will  probably,  in  the  near  future,  revive  the 
office  of  Pathological  Chemist. 

In  December,  1870,  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  made   Pennsylvania 
application  for  the  use  of  the  Picture   House  recently  vacated  by  the   Historical 
College  of  Physicians,  to  be  used  for  a  depository  of  their  collection,     "'^"'  '' 
and  as  a  place  for  meetings.     The  Society  made  some  additions,  by 
buildings,  which  included  an  extension  on  the  east  and  west  sides. 
The  Historical  Society  occupied  the  premises  until  it  decided  to  pur- 
chase the  properly  of  the  late  General  Patterson  at  the  south-west 
corner  of  Thirteenth   and   Locust   Streets,  to   which   it   removed  its 
large  and  valuable  collection  in  March,  1884. 

The  Legislature  in  1S71  passed  an  Act  to  set  back  the  south  line    Hospital 
of  Spruce  Street,  between  Eighth   and  Ninth   Streets  ;  which  would   \\''>ll- 
require  the  removal  of  the  Hospital  wall,  on  that  street,  about  ten  feet 
southward. 

99 


All  Act  DffiniiiK  llii-  liiii;  iif  Sprui'i'  Strict,  iRtwciii  H^iH'itli  and    Niiitli  Stricls,  in 

the  city  of  Pliiladclpliia. 

Section  I.  Bf  it  enacted  &c.  That  the  south  line  of  Spruce  Street,  between 
Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets,  shall  be  at  the  distance  of  four  hundred  and  sixty  feel, 
three  inches  (460  fl.  3  in.)  southward  from  the  south  side  of  Locust  Street. 

Approved.  The  tenth  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  seventy-one. 

J  NO.  \V.  Geary,  Governor. 

Widening  Ihe  Managers,  in  reference  to  this  Act  of  May  lo,  1871,  to  set 

of  Spruce  back  the  wall  on  Sjiruce  Street, 

Deem  its  necessity  and  propriety  somewhat  doubtful.  If  the  Hospital  is  to 
be  indemnified  for  the  property  thus  taken  from  it.  the  setting  back  of  the  houses 
between  Seventh  and  Kightli  Streets,  and  west  of  Ninth  Street,  the  widening  of 
Barclay  Street  to  si.\ty  feet,  all  improvements  gratuitously  contributed  by  the 
Hospital  to  the  city,  should  be  borne  in  mind  by  a  municipality  which  has  never 
afforded  aid  to  the  institution  although  receiving  inestimable  value  in  the  relief 
the  Hospital  has  afforded  to  the  helpless  in  its  charge. 

Subsequently,  in  the  case  of  the  petition  to  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Plea.s  to  secure  the  widening  of  Spruce  Street,  which  was 
opposed  by  the  Managers,  the  Court  dismissed  the  petition  and 
Mandamus  refused  the  writ  of  mandamus  apjjlied  for  by  the  petitioners.  The 
refused.  Managers  on  their  ])art  jjetitioned  the  Legislature  for  the  repeal  of 
the  Act  authorizing  the  mutilation  of  the  Hosjiital  property,  on  the 
ground  that  it  was  an  act  to  promote  private  interests,  and  not  for 
the  general  benefit  of  the  people.  Soon  afterwards  the  Legislature 
granted  relief  by  a  supplementary  act. 

The  carrying  out  of  this  Act  would  have  necessitated  the  destruc- 
tion of  many  fine  old  trees,'  which  the  managers  and  many  of  the 
citizens  of  the  neighborhood  were  desirous  of  having  preserved. 

A  Supplement  to  an  Act.  entitled  "  An   Act  defining  the  line  of  Spruce  Street 

between  Kighth  and  Ninth  Streets,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  approved  May 

tenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one." 

Relief  Whereas,  By  an  act  of  Assembly  of  this  Commonwealth,  approved  May  tenth, 

granted     ""''  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-one,  it  is  provided  that  the  s<iuth  line  of 

Spruce  Street  between  Kighth  and  Ninth  Streets,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  shall 

be  at  the  distance  of  four  hundred  and  si.vty  feet  and  three  inches  (460  ft.  3  in.) 

from  the  south  line  of  Locust  Street. 

And  whereas,  Certain  fine  old  buttoiiwood  trees,  which  the  managers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  other  citizens  are  desirous  to  preserve,  are  now 
standing  between  this  new  line  so  established  as  aforesaid  and  the  old  line  of  the 
street ;  therefore. 

Section  i.  Be  it  enacted,  &c.  That  the  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  in  their  new  structures  to  replace  the  walls  now  standing  on  the  afore- 
said line,  may,  in  order  to  preserve  the  aforesaid  trees,  place  iron  railing  at  the 

'  I'he&e  are  Buttonwood,  or  Occidental  Plane,  trees,  ihe  largest  growth  of  the  North  American 
forest;  they  were  planted  in  the  year  1756,  by  Hugh  Roberts,  one  of  the  first  Managers  of  the 
institution.  ("Some  Account  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  Phiht.,  1S30,  by  William  G.  Malin, 
Librarian.) 


distance  of  four  feet,  or  thereabouts,  iiortlnvard  of  the  line  estalilished  Ijy  the  act 
of  May  tenth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-one ;  but  any  new  walls 
of  brick  or  stone  to  be  erected  sliall  be  on  the  new  line,  as  established  by  that 
act  :  Provided  nevertheless,  That  the  said  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital shall,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  November,  one  thousand  eif^ht  hundred 
and  seventy-two,  have  completed  the  erection  of  their  new  walls  and  railing,  and 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania's  new-  front  wall,  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  said  act  of  May  tenth,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy- 
one,  and  of  this  supplementary  act ;  And  ])rovided  further  That  the  said  con- 
tributors to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
shall  not  be  deprived  of  any  of  their  proi)erty  without  just  compensation  being 
made  therefor. 

Sections.  If  the  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  the  Historical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania  shall  fail  or  neglect  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  and  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement,  by  setting  back  the  Hosjiital  wall 
and  the  walls  of  the  building  of  the  said  Historical  Society,  then  and  in  that  case, 
immediately  after  the  first  day  of  November,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-two,  the  chief  commissioners  of  highways  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
shall  forthwith  proceed  finally  to  widen  said  Spruce  Street,  agreeably  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement ;  and  the  city  solicitor  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  petition  the  court  of 
quarter  sessions  of  the  county  of  Philadelphia  for  the  appointment  of  a  jury  to 
assess  the  damages  caused  by  the  widening  of  said  Spruce  Street,  under  existing 
laws  for  the  assessment  of  damages  for  the  opening  and  widening  of  streets  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia. 

Approved.  Tiie  third  day  of  April,  Anno  Domini  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seventy-two. 

Jno.  \V.  Ge.\rv,  Governor. 

The  practice  of  keeping  notes  of  intere.sting  cases  and  surgical    Reports  ot 
operations  liad  been  introduced  very  early  in  the  history  of  the  Hospital.    Cases. 
The  Managers  passed  the  following  resolution,  October  29,  1836: 

This  Board  having  long  desired  to  have  the  Medical  and  Surgical  jjractice  of 
the  Hospital  recorded  and  preserved  for  public  use,  authorize  and  approve  of  the 
publication  of  such  parts  or  the  whole  of  it,  under  the  inspection  and  su])ervision 
of  the  attending  physicians  and  surgeons  for  the  time  being  (on  whom  only  the 
reponsibility  of  the  practice  of  the  house  rests)  as  they  may  approve  and  direct. 
And  a  copy  of  this  minute  is  directed  to  be  furnished  to  each  of  the  physicians  and 
surgeons  of  this  Institution. 

However,  it  was  not  until  1873,  'h^'  ^  systematic  method  of 
recording  all  cases  by  the  Resident  Physicians  was  begun  by  direction 
of  the  Managers,  and  has  since  been  maintained.  In  18S0,  the 
Managers,  at  the  suggestion  of  two  members  of  the  medical  staff, 
Urs.  T.  G.  Morton  and  William  Hinit,  issued  a  volume,  entitled 
"  Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  which  contained  an  epitome 
of  the  practice  of  the  Hospital  since  1756,  with  an  account  of  the 
more  interesting  cases,  and  also  some  statistical  tables.  Some  )ears 
previously,  in  186S,  publication  of  the  medical  and  surgical  reports  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  had  been  commenced,  but  they  were 
discontinued  at  the  termination  of  the  second  \olume. 


ReRistrars. 

Mintal 

and  NirvDUS 

Dispensary. 


Resimiatiiin 
t>f  Steward. 


I'oniplirnL-n- 
tary  Dinmr. 

Presentation 

ofMr.  Malin's 

Portrait. 


On  January  28,  1889,  it  wa.s  resolved,  "That  two  Registrars 
should  be  appointed,  whose  duty  it  will  be  to  pre])are  correct  tables 
of  all  cases  for  publication  in  the  Annual  Rejjort." 

The  Managers,  on  October  26,  1885,  took  the  following  action 
in  accordance  with  suggestions  made  in  a  communication  made  by 
Dr.  John  B.  Chapin  : 

The  proposition  to  enlarjji- tlu- uperations  of  the  ( )nt-l'atient  Department  of 
this  Hospital,  so  as  to  inchide  tile  service  for  the  medical  advice  and  treatment 
of  mental  disea.ses.  in  the  early  or  incipient  sta^e,  occurring  amonK  the  poor  and 
iiuiij;ent.  hut  nctt  requiring  custo<liaI  care,  which  was  consitiered  at  your  last 
meeting  and  laid  over,  was  sunKeste<l  by  the  nnmher  of  cases,  in  a  chronic  and 
incurable  state,  presenting  themselves  at  the  Hospital  fi>r  the  insane,  many  of 
whom,  it  is  believed,  might  have  been  relieved  by  prom|)t  anil  intelligent  advice. 

The  subject  of  the  prevention  of  insanity  and  its  increase  is  one  that  may 
always  eng.ige  our  serious  reflection.  It  is  believed  the  jiroposition  under 
advisement  is  in  the  direction  of  a  preventive  measure  and  therefore  worthy  of 
your  favorable  consider.ition  anil  adoption.  There  are  no  data  or  experience  to 
warrant  an  opinion  or  even  a  conjecture  as  to  the  extent  of  the  demands  for  the 
service  proposed,  or  even  whether  a  demand  exists,  that  will  justify  its  permanent 
establishment.  It  is  therefore  projjosed  that  the  step  taken  (if  it  shall  appear 
wise  to  take  any  action,  I  be  of  a  tentative  character;  that  public  annijuncement 
be  matle  that  a  Physician  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane  will  be  in  attentlance  at 
the  Out-Patient  Department,  .it  3  o'clock  on  Monday  and  Friday,  the  second  and 
sixth  days  of  each  week,  for  the  gratuitous  advice  and  treatment  of  the  indigent 
poor,  believed  to  be  suffering  from  the  incipient  symptoms  of  insanity,  but  not 
requiring  custodial  care.  As  the  proposed  service  will  be  wholly  experimental 
and  tentative  it  is  suggested  that  it  be  first  rendered  by  physicians  now  connected 
with  your  Department  for  the  Insane,  all  of  whom  will  volunteer  for  the  duty  ; 
one  to  be  designated  by  the  Managers  to  make  a  beginning  and  serve  two 
months.  If  the  public  offer  to  render  to  the  class  thus  designated,  this  additional 
charitable  and  professional  service,  after  a  fair  trial,  shall  demonstrate  that  no 
demand  for  its  continuance  exists,  it  can  be  abandoned  without  embarrassment, 
but  if  actual  trial  shall  show  that  it  meets  a  necessary  want,  and  to  be  in  the  line 
of  your  charitable  work,  a  staff  may  then  be  created,  as  the  judgment  ol  the 
Managers  may  di-lermine  with  the  experience  actually  gained. 

The  proposed  branch  was  established  and  public  clinics  api>ointi'd 
to  be  held  regularly  twice  a  week,  which  are  well  attended,  and  the 
service  has  been  made  permanent. 

At  a  mi-eting  <tf  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  PennsyKaiiia  Hospital,  held 
January  29,  i,*<H3,  the  resignation  of  Mr.  William  ('•.  Malin  was  i>resented  and 
accepted,  to  take  effect  April,  i.'fS^. 

The  Medical  staff  and  Resident  Physicians,  deeming  it  fitting  to 
take  some  public  notice  of  the  above  action  of  the  Hoard  of  Mana- 
gers, determined  to  tender  the  venerable  Steward  the  honor  of  a 
Complimentary  Dinner,  which  he  accepted.  The  dinner  was  given 
February  21,  1883,  at  the  Hospital,  in  the  large  library  room  on  the 
second  floor  of  Centre  building.  Dr.  H.  H.  Smith  presided,  and  Drs. 
Morton  and  Hunt  were  the  Committee  on  .Xrrangenients.     An  inter- 


Dr.  Morion  Mr.  Beni.  H.  Shoemaker    Dr.  CortWs    Dr.  ('..  KielHiiiK  Blandford 

Surg.  Geii'l  Marslon         Prof.  William  Lloyd 
Dr.  William  Anderson 
Dr.  Joseph  Recamier 

Prof.  Leon  Lefort 
Dr.  A.  L.  Gubb 
Dr.  Woodbury         Dr.  ChapJn 


Visitors. 


esting    feature   of  the  occasion    was    the   presentation   of  a   life-size 

portrait  in  oil  of  Mr.  Malin,  by  the  ex-Residents  and  Medical  staff  to 

the   Managers,  which   now  adorns   the   wall  just   outside  of  the  old 

steward's  room. 

In  1885,  the  "  Association  of  Resident  Physicians"  was  formed,    Association  of 

the  intention  being  to  meet  each  year  at  the  Hospital ;  the  first  meet-     ';     .  ". 

^  -'  '  ^  Physicians 

ing  was  held  in   the  Library  of  the   Hospital  on   Thursday  evening,    instituted. 
December  17,  1885;  dinner  was  served    at  6.30,   after  w^hich  several 
addresses   were    made ;    these   reunions   have   been    held    on    several 
occasions,  at  irregular  intervals,  since  that  time. 

The  Ninth  International  Medical  Congress  was  held  in  the  city  Foreign 
of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  the  Sessions  opened  on  Monday,  September  5, 
1887,  and  a  number  of  distinguished  medical  visitors  from  all 
parts  of  the  world  were  in  attendance  upon  its  deliberations,  during 
the  week  that  it  remained  in  session.  As  some  of  the  delegates  to  the 
Congress  stopped  in  Philadelphia  for  a  few  days  on  their  way  to 
Washington,  it  was  thought  that  they  might  well  be  entertained  by 
a  visit  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  Accordingly,  the  Board  of 
Managers  invited  them  to  pay  a  visit  to  the  Hospital,  and  arrangements 
were  made  to  hold  an  informal  Reception,  asking  some  Philadelphia 
physicians  to  meet  them,  and  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Morton,  of  the  Hospital 
Staff,  was  appointed  to  hold  a  surgical  clinic,  at  which  some  special 
cases  might  be  presented. 

The  reception  was  held  September  ist,  at  three  o'clock.  The 
visitors  were  received  by  Messrs.  Wistar  Morris,  Benj.  H.  Shoemaker, 
Alexander  Biddle,  and  John  B.  Garrett,  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
and  the  members  of  the  Medical  Staff  were  also  in  attendance,  con- 
sisting of  Drs.  William  Hunt,  Thomas  G.  Morton,  John  H.  Packard^ 
John  Ashhurst,  Jr.,  J.  M.  Da  Costa,  James  H.  Hutchinson,  Morris 
Longstreth,  and  Arthur  V.  Meigs.  Among  the  foreign  visitors  were 
Dr.  Jos.  Recamier,  of  Paris;  Dr.  Julius  Andeer,  of  Munich; 
Dr.  J.  S.  Grant  Bey,  of  Egypt ;  Dr.  Chas.  L.  Phillips,  of  Lon- 
don ;  Deputy  Surgeon  General  J.  A.  Marston,  England  ;  Prof 
Leon  Le  Fort,  Paris;  Dr.  Wm.  Anderson,  London,  England; 
Dr.  Wm.  Lloyd,  of  London  ;  Prof.  Wm.  Murrell  ;  Dr.  D.  Leopold 
Servais,  of  Belgium;  Dr.  J.  Cordes,  of  Geneva;  Dr.  G.  Fielding 
Blandford,  of  London,  and  Dr.  A.  L.  Gubb,  of  London. 

A  brief  address  of  welcome  was  then  delivered  by  John  B. 
Garrett,  Esq,,  representing  the  Board  of  Managers,  after  which  some 
clinical  cases  of  unusual  interest  were  shown,  illustrating  the  practice 
of  the  house,  by  Dr.  Morton,  and  the  guests  made  a  tour  of  inspection, 
ending  with  a  collation  in  the  Library  and  a  general  conversazione. 


The  visitors  departed,  highly  pleased  with  all  ihat  they  had  seen,  which 

had  evidently  made  a  very  favorable  impression  upon  them. 

The  Nurse  i.'or  many  years  previous  to  1875,  the  duty  of  nursing  the  sick 

r.iiniiiK  and  injured  in  the  Hospital,  as  was   generally  the  custom   in    all    hos- 

Honif    P't^'s.  was  entrusted   to  male   nurses  and   assistants   in   each   of  the 

men's  wards,  and  female  nurses  and  assistants  for  the  women's  wards. 

These  positions  were  given    to   trustworthy  and  experienced   nurses, 

although  they  had  no  special  training  in  the  technical  sense. 

.\bout  this  time  a  Committee  ajipointcd  to  establish  a  "  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  Training  School  for  Nurses,"  re|)orted  favorably 
upon  a  plan  which  was  ai^proved  and  a  System  of  Rules  for  Nurses  in 
Training  adopted. 

Applicants  for  the  benefits  of  the  School  were  recpiired  to  be 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  After  a  course  of  training  of  one  year  in 
the  wards,  both  Medical  and  Surgical,  the  candidate  having  the 
approval  of  the  Managers,  Medical  Staff  and  Matron,  wa.s  presented 
with  a  certificate  that  she  had  fulfilled  all  the  requirements  of  the 
course  and  approving  her  good  conduct  and  competency  in  nursing. 

In  1875,  Miss  Frances  Irwin  was  ajjpointed  the  Chief  Nurse  to 
supervise  all  the  wards  and  served  three  years.  In  1879  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  Nurses  was  created.  Miss  Rachel  A.  Hunting  was 
ap|)ointed,  who,  with  a  corps  of  women  trained  under  her  direction, 
had  the  entire  charge  of  the  nursing  in  the  female  wards.  At  the 
close  of  the  first  year  of  trial,  the  Managers  reported,  "we  believe 
we  can  with  jiropriety  say  that  in  cleanliness,  neatness  and  e.xactness 
of  attention  to  all  requirements  and  careful  tender  attention  to  their 
surgical  and  medical  patients,  the  duty  performed  is  all  that  can  be 
desired." 
Student  The  Managers  of  the   Woman's  Hospital  of  Philadelphia  being 

"u-*^^  '^"'"   desirous  that  the  female  nurses  in  training  in  that   Institution  should 
Hospital    ^^^'^  ''^e  advantages  of  at  least  one  year's  service  in  the  wards  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  application  was  made  to  the  Managers  early 
in  1879  and   after  several    conferences   with   a   Committee  from  the 
Woman's  Hospital,  this  privilege  was  granted. 

This  plan  of  introducing  woman  student  nurses  from  the  pupils 
of  the  Woman's  Hospital  was  [Jut  into  operation  October  27,  1879, 
and  until  1882  the  system  continued  in  efficient  o])eration,  being 
carefully  supervised  for  the  benefit  of  patients,  and  it  was  found  of 
great  value  as  a  practical  school  in  nursing. 

In  1883,  at  the  request  of  the  managers  of  the  Woman's  Hosjjital, 
who  felt  the  need  of  a  more  extended  service  from  the  nurses  in  ilieir 

104 


own  wards,  the  arrangement  which  had  been  in  force  for  four  years,  to 
the  mutual  advantage  of  both  institutions,  was  terminated. 

On  May  9,  1882,  the  following  communication  was  received  : 

To  THE  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  : 

Gentlemen. — A   resolution   was   jiassed   by   the  Board   of   Managers  of  the 

Woman's  Hospital,  at  a  meeting  held  4tli  mo.,  26th,  1882,  to  withdraw  our  nurses 

from  the  Pennsylvania  Hosiiital. 

Owing  to  the  length  of  service  required  by  your  worthy  management  being 

greater  than  we  can  afford  to  release  them   from  the  course  of  training  of  the 

Woman's  Hospital,  we  feel  obliged  to  <nake  this  change  in  consequence  of  the 

pressing  demand  constantly  made  on  us  for  our  nurse  pupils  for  private  nursing. 
We  hereby  tender  our  sincere  thanks  for  the  kindness  and   courtesy   shown 

us  during  the  e.xistence  of  the  contract  Ijetween  us. 

On  Tulv  26,  t886,  it  was  resolved  that   the  Picture  House  could    T'^'"l'orary 

■  .  /  ,  .  .      ,  Nurses' 

be  made,  after  some  alterations,  a  suitable  temporary  home  for  the  Home 
Nurses,  and  a  Committee  was  appointed  to  carry  out  the  plan,  which 
was  accomplished.  The  cost  of  the  necessary  alterations  and  furnish- 
ing, about  $4,500,  was  paid  by  the  individual  members  of  the  Board 
of  Managers ;  this  building  was  so  occupied  until  1893,  ""hen  the  new- 
building  for  the  Nurses'  Home  was  opened.     (See  page  106). 

The  late  Charles  J.  Harrah  presented  a  piano,  and  numerous 
engravings  to  adorn  the  walls. 

It  was  also  decided  to  provide  a  special  reference  library  and,  on 
August  29,  1887, 

It  was  resolved  to  purchase  such  medical  books  for  the  use  of  the  Nurses  as 
may  be  required. 

.\s  a  result,  and  with  the  donations  from  many  friends,  the  library 
of  the  Home  has  become  a  valuable  adjunct  to  the  teaching,  and  con- 
tains, at  present,  the  modern  text  books,  besides  many  volumes  upon 
miscellaneous  subjects,  making  a  useful  collection. 

Lectures  to  the  nurses  during  several  months  of  each  year  were   Lectures  to 
inaugurated  and  systematically  delivered  by  members  of  the  Medical  and    Nurses. 
Surgical  Staff  of  the  Hospital  and  Out-Patient  Staff,  in  1S86,  as  a  volun- 
tary aid  to  the  instruction  by  the  Superintendent,  and  these  have  been 
regularly  given  since  this  time.     Miss  Marion  E.  Smith  was  appointed 
Head  Xurse  in  1886,  and  in  June,  1888,  resigned  her  position,  having   Head  Nurse, 
received  a  more  remunerative  appointment  at  the  City  Almshouse  in 
West  Philadelphia.     In  accepting  her  resignation,  the  thanks  of  the 
Board  were  presented  to  her  for  the  faithful  and  efficient  manner  in 
which  she  had  performed  the  duties  of  her  jiosition  during  her  term  of 
service  in  their  employ.     Miss  Anna  A.  Hintze  was  elected  September 
ist.  1SS8.  who,  three  years  later,  was  succeeded  by  Miss  Rachel  Fletcher, 


whose  term,  however,  •  was  brief.  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Collier  was 
appointed  to  the  position  August  28,  1891,  and  has  since  discharged 
its  arduous  and  responsible  duties. 

An  event  occurred,  in  the  year  1892,  which  showed  the  efficiency 
of  medical  skill  and  nurse-training  in  the  Hospital  : 

On    April    27,    1892,    the  Grand   Central   Theatre,  on  Walnut 
Risoiirccs of  Street,  west  of  Eighth  Street  in  this  city,  was  destroyeji  by  fire.' 

Hospital  The  burned   victims    turned  instinctively  to  the  Hosjiital,  and 

M-vcrely  ^  ^j^^y  ^^^  along  the  streets  in  a  mad  rush  for  relief,  their  plaintive 
cries  of  distress  could  be  heard  at  the  Hospital,  thus  giving  notice  of 
their  coming.  Some  were  brought  in  carriages,  but  many  more  were 
on  foot.  They  found  the  gates  open,  the  Resident  Physicians  at 
their  posts,  and  the  Head  Nurse,  with  her  thirty-two  nurses,  all  on 
duty,  and  within  twenty  minutes  after  the  fire  had  started  everything 
was  prepared  for  their  reception  and  prompt  treatment. 

Within  forty  minutes  after  the  first  jtatient  from  the  fire  was 
received,  all  had  been  properly  cared  for,  forty-seven  severe  injuries 
were  dressed  in  the  wards,  and  those  able  to  walk  were  on  their 
way  home,  duly  relieved.  Meanwhile  the  Ambulance,  with  a  sui)i)ly 
of  dressing  material,  under  the  charge  of  a  physician,  had  gone  to 
the  ground,  and  twenty-two  cases  were  dressed  on  the  spot,  without 
coming  to  the  Hospital. 

Eight  of  the  cases  received  into  the  Hos])ital  were  so  badly 
injured  that  they  subsequently  died.  The  Hos])ital  staff  has  rarely 
been  so  suddenly  and  urgently  taxed  ;  but  it  nevertheless  resjjonded 
so  energetically  and  effectually  as  to  elicit  the  warmest  commendation 
of  their  service  and  the  humane  spirit  which  actuated  them. 

The  corps  of  nurses  responded  likewise  to  the  emergency  and 
were  deserving  of  high  ])raise  for  their  efficient  service. 

In  May,  1892,  the  new  building,  known  as  the  "  Nurses'  Home," 

was  commenced  ;    it  was  finished  the  following  year.     It  is  set  back 

■  "^^    twenty  feet  from  the  Spruce  Street  line,  near  the  northwest  corner  of 

furtlie   the  grounds.      It  extends  one  hundred  and  four  feet  southward  along 

Nursts'   Ninth  Street,  and  thirty-seven  feet  east  on  Spruce  Street.    It  contains 

Home,    forty-two  bed-rooms,   twelve  of  these  being    12x12;    twenty-four  of 

them  are  9x12,  and   the  remainder  about  12x14  feet.     There  is  a 

sitting-room  and  lecture-room  of  equal  size,  each  22x33  feet.     The 


*  The  only  calamity  in  the  history  of  the  Hospital  at  all  comparable  to  this,  had  happened 
thirty  years  previously.  On  Match  29,  1863,  an  explosion  had  occurred  at  Tenth  and  Keed  Street.*:, 
at  the  factory  of  Samuel  Jackson,  a  maker  of  pyrotechnics,  who  at  the  time  had  a  large  order 
for  the  manufacture  of  cartridges  for  the  Government.  In  this  explosion  and  subsequent  fire,  many 
persons  were  killed  or  horribly  mutilated  or  burned— of  tho<^e  thus  injured,  twenty  fema'es  and  eight 
mates  were  admitted  to  the  Hospital. 

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building  is  three  stories  in  height,  with  basement  and  attic.     The  latter 

is  reserved  for  unexpected  occasions,  or  isolation  in  case  of  emergency.    Nurses' 

The    Misses    Blanchard,   of   Philadelphia,  in    1892,   with   large-   Training 
minded    liberality,  supplied    the   means    for   the   entire    cost   of   the 
building  and  its  furnishing,  by  a  gift  of  $50,000. 

A  tablet  of  Caen  stone,  inserted  in  the  hallway  just  at  the 
entrance,  records  that, 

THIS  BUILDING  IS  ERECTED  IN   LOVING  MEMORY  OF 

WILLIAM    A.   BLANCHARD  AND  MARIA  E.    BLANCHARD 

BY  THEIR  CHILDREN. 

In  May,  1893,  the  first  public  commencement  of  the  Training 
School  was  held,  and  at  tliis  time,  a  class  decoration  in  the  shape  of  a 
pin  bearing  the  design  of  the  Hospital  seal  was  first  used.  This  has 
since  been  adopted  as  a  badge  and  will  be  worn  by  the  graduates. 

There  are  now  thirty-four  female  nurses,  and  twelve  male  nurses 
in  the  Training  School.  There  have  been  sixty-four  graduates  from 
the  Nurse  Training  School  during  the  time  it  has  been  in  operation. 

The  nurses  for  two  years  ]5ast,  in  addition  to  the  regular  duties  in 
the  wards,  have  been  thoroughly  taught  cooking  and  massage,  besides 
the  systematic  instruction  by  lectures  given  by  the  medical  and 
surgical  staff,  the  resident  physicians  and  the  physicians  connected 
with  the  Out  Department,  as  in  former  years. 

The  Dispensary  service  of  the  Hospital  was  inaugurated  December  ,  im  i>atitiu 
13,  1752,  soon  after  the  Hospital  was  opened.  The  minutes  of  Dcp.iitmcnt. 
January  2,  1753,  record  that  on  the  above  date  John  Small  was 
admitted  to  be  treated  as  an  Out-Patient  ;  "a  case  of  periodical 
Madness."  Subsequently  the  records  state  "  that  several  out-patients 
had  received  the  advice  of  the  physicians  and  the  use  of  the  medi- 
cines received  from  T.ondon." 

Medical  attendance  in  the  early  days  of  the  Hospital  was  also 
given  the  indigent  at  their  own  homes,  the  Apprentices  being  required 
"  to  visit  the  poor  sick  in  the  City."  Occasionally  the  members  of 
the  Medical  Staff  were  also  called  upon  to  perform  this  duty.  The 
Hospital  then  being  some  distance  from  the  built-up  part  of  the  City, 
a  horse  was  kept  for  this  service. 

In  1807  the  Medical  Staff  recommended  the  appointment  of 

Two  Medical  Gentlemen  to  visit  all  pcmr  patients  laboring  under  disease 
who  may  ap|ily  for  assistanre,  and  that  llu-ir  prescriptions  he  made  up  at  the 
Hospital. 

This  plan  was  adopted  and  Dr.  John  Syng  Dorsey  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  Northern,  and  Dr.  Nathaniel  Chapman  of  the  Southern, 
district  of  the  City. 

107 


Under    this  arrangement    Drs.    Hartshorne,    Hryant,    Hojikins, 
Extra-Miiral   Betton,  Calhoun,  Moore,  and  others  subsequently  rendered  efficient 

In  1818,  when  two  new  dispensaries  were  established  by  the  City, 

one  in  the  Northern  Liberties,  and  the  other  in  Southwark,  visitation  of 

the  poor  at  their  homes  and  the  Out- Patient  service  of  the  Hospital 

were  discontinued.     There  is  at  present  no  record  of  the  number  of 

Out-Patients  attended  before   1797,  but  from   1797  to   1818,  15,258 

persons  had  been  charitably  attended  and  furnished  with  medicine  at 

the  expense  of  the  Hosjjital. 

Re-ofKan  The  object  in  re-organizing  this  department  in  1S72  was  in  i)art 

ization  of  the  jq  prevent  the  available  means  for  the  relief  of  recent  accidents  Jrom 

tpar  -  ijgjjjg  restricted,  and  this,  it  was  believed,  could  be  accomplished  by 

relieving  the  wards  of  such  convalescents  as  could  be  safely  returned 

to  their  homes,  and  be  as  well  cared   for  by  occasionally  presenting 

themselves  at  the  Out-Department. 

From    1872    until    1879  ^^^  rooms  in   the    Eighth   Street  Gate 

House  were  used  for  this  service.     In  1879  the  building  known  as  the 

"  Retreat,"'  (also  sometimes  called  "  the  Lodge")   was  so  occupied, 

but  the  numbers  applying  for  relief  increased  to  such  an  extent,   that 

larger  accommodations  were  demanded.     Accordingly,  in  1892,  a  lot 

of  ground   38x100   feet   was   ])urchased   on  Spruce  Street,  directly 

opposite  the   Hospital,  upon  which  a  building  was  erected,  especially 

\i.„    designed    for   the    Out-Patient    Department,    and    presented    to    the 

Building  Hospital  by  Mr.  Garrett,  one  of  the  contributors  (see  illustration). 

prtsuiuid.    ij^  {jjg  ygg^^  qC  jj^jj.  ]„|jiding  an  Ambulance  House  was  built. 

In  regard  to  the  plan  of  the  new  Out-Department,  the  minutes 
state  that 

The  Committee  is  iiiuier  obligations  to  Dr.  Thomas  C;.  Morton  for  many 
valuable  suKKcstions.  and  for  assistance  in  planning  the  buildinK  :  so  arranging 
the  rooms  and  windows  as  to  secure  the  best  accommodations  and  light  for 
surgical  work,  as  well  as  l)right,  well  ventilated  rooms  for  patients  while  waiting. 

A  memorial  tablet  records  the  gift  of  the  building  (which,  with 
the  ground,  cost  about  $50,000)  to  the  Contributors  of  the  Hospital, 
as  follows  : 

'  In  order  to  afford  increased  accommodation  for  the  insane  women,  and  to  provide  rooms  for 
exercise  and  amu>ement,  the  Managers,  with  the  consent  of  the  Contributors,  in  1825,  built  a  two- 
story  brick  structure  near  the  northwest  corner  of  the  lot,  on  Spruce  Street  below  Ninth.  On  several 
occasions  the  neighbors  complained  of  the  noises  of  the  insane  during  their  periods  of  recreation  and 
at  other  times.  In  1S40  the  new  buildings  in  West  Philadelphia  were  erected  and  all  the  insane  patients 
were  taken  across  the  river.  Subsequently  the  Retreat  was  used  as  an  isolating  ward  during  an 
epidemic  of  cholera  and  for  cases  of  other  infectious  diseases  at  various  times.  On  several  occasions, 
while  the  surgical  wards  were  being  repaired  or  cleaned,  the  patients  were  temporarily  transferred 
to  the  Retreat.     It  was  torn  down  when  the  new  Out-Patient   Department  was  built  in  1893. 

108 


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THIS   DKI'ARTMENT  OF  THE 
PENNSYLVANIA   HOSPITAL 

HAS  BEEN    ERECTEO  BY 

WM.    E;VAXS  f.ARRETT,  JR. 

IN   MEMORY  OF  HIS  FATHER 

WM.   EVANS  OARRETT 

BORN   1798.  DIED   KS65. 


The  daily  clinical  service  for  the  patients  who  apply  at  the  Out- 
Patient  Department  is  now  divided  into  Medical,  Surgical,  Mental  and 


The  "  Retreat,"  or  "  Lodge,"  also  used  for  Out-Patient  Department.    Torn  down  in  1S93. 


Nervous.  Eye  and  Ear,  Throat  and  Nose,  and  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children.  The  details  of  the  service  will  be  mentioned  hereafter  in 
considering  the  present  administration  of  tlie  Hospital,  and  appoint- 
ments for  the  different  departments 

About  1873,  ^^^  necessity  of  ])roviding  in<  reased  accommodation, 
in  the  wards,  especially  for  surgical  cases,  was  frequently  discussed  by 
the  Board,  and  each  year  the  need  became  more  urgent.  The  ques- 
tion   was   referred,    from    time    to    time,    to   various  committees   of 


Memorial 
Pavilions. 


109 


conference  and  was  carefully  considered.    The  necessity  for  the  erection 

Enlargcniciit  of  new  buildings  attracted  the  attention  not  only  of  the  Managers  but 

of  the-  Hos-   jjI^q  jjC  jj^^,  ii^ejicai  staff  of  the  Hospital.       Modern  surgical  progress 

pit.-it  ri-ciini-  ,     .     ■  ...  ,  .        ,  ,  ,  ,      ,  , 

nu-iulid    '"^de  It  impossible  to  continue  any  longer   in   the  old   methods,  and 

this  fact  being  fully  recognized,  this  subject  was  finally  brought 
before  the  contributors  at  the  annual  meeting,  May  4,  1891,  when  the 
Managers  reported  in  the  following  forcible  terms,  the  great  needs  of 
the  Hosjjital  : 

The  reasons,  which  but  faintly  set  forth  the  necessity  which  exists,  have  been 
fre<|uently  i)laced  before  you,  they  are  now  forcibly  pressed  upon  us  by  a  direct 
appeal  from  tlie  whole  of  the  medical  and  sur);ical  staff,  asking  for  more  beds, 
more  rooms,  more  means  of  relief  and  cure,  if  we  wish  to  do  the  work  presenting 
itself  at  our  doors,  and  to  keep  in  the  front  rank  of  Hospital  service.  They 
declare  the  work  done  in  our  field  of  usefulness  as  unsurpassed  if  equalled  by 
any  other  institution — but  what  has  been  done,  is  not  equal  to  what  may  be  done, 
and  the  power  for  greater  work  they  ask  us  at  any  risk  and  effort  to  ^ive  them. 

We  propose  to  meet  them  in  the  humane,  energetic  spirit  which  governs  their 
appeal  to  us,  and  we  would  be  recreant  to  our  trust  if  we  did  not  meet  the 
urgent  demands  for  increased  and  improved  accommodation. 

We  propose  this  year  to  construct  a  buildinji  or  buildings,  with  such  additions 
as  we  are  atlvisetl  are  necessary  to  place  the  Hospital  on  an  etpiality  with  the 
best  modern  improvements  for  work  and  administrative  capacity,  and  to  this  end 
ask  your  formal  approval  of  the  proposetl  action  for  the  incoming  Board  of 
Managers. 

The    Contributors    promptly    and    unanimously    approved    the 

proposition,  and  directed  the  Managers  to  proceed  with  the  work. 

New  The  consideration   of   various  plans  immediately  followed,  and 

Buildmgs  after   numerous   meetings  and    much  discussion,  the    Medical   Staff 

cted    recommended  to  the  Managers,  that  Dr.  Edward  Cowles,  of  Boston, 

whose    scientific   and    thoroughly    practical    knowledge    of    modern 

hospital  construction  was  generally  recognized,  should  be  asked  to 

present   a    plan    for   the   new   buildings.      This  was   agreed    to   and 

Dr.  Cowles  jjtepared  a  plan,  which   was  approved,  and   work    was 

commenced  in  November,  1892,  under  the  su]3ervision  of  Architect 

Addison  Hutton,  and  John  Sunderland  as  superintendent. 

Ceremonv  of  ^"  ^^J'  ''  '^93'  ^''-  Benjamin  H.  Shoemaker,  President  of  the 

laying  Cor-   Board  of   Managers,  being  absent  on  account  of  sickness,  Jose|ih  B. 

ner-Stone.   Townsend,  Es(j.,  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  New  Pavilions.      The 

oration   was   delivered   by   George   W.    Biddle,    Esq.,    from    whose 

interesting  and  elo(juent  address  the  following  extracts  are  made; 

The  family  of  the  late  Wistar  Morris,  a  former  President  of  the  Board  of 
Managers,  h.iving  made  a  munificent  contribution  (Si,So,ooo),  for  the  erection  of  a 
Memorial  House  in  honor  of  their  deceased  relative,  upon  the  plot  of  ground 
within  the  present  enclosure,  which  should  place  the  Pine  Street  Hospital  on  an 
equality  with  the  best  modern  improvenients  for  work  and  administrative 
capacity,  the  formal  approval  of  the  Contributors  to  the  proposed  action  of  the 


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Managers  in  accepting  tliis  silt  was  asked  and  ot)tained.     A  year  ago.  the  report 
of    the    Managers   to   the    Contributors   exhibited    a   pretty    full    outline   of    the    Pvtncts 
character   and   style  of   the   new   constructions,    their    probable    cost   and    the    f^„„. 
changes  made  necessary  for  their  erection  by  the  removal   of  certain   existing    «.      RjfiHI ''  - 
buildings  upon  the  proposed  site.     One  of  these  changes  required  the  building  of    a  j.i 
a  new  Out-Patient   Department,  which   is  now  finished,   and   in  use,  upon  the 
north  side  of  Spruce  Street,  opposite  the  Hospital  lot.     The  Nurses'  House,  also 
begun  in  January,  1892.  and  finished  at  the  close  of  the  same  year,  gives  accom- 
modation,   in   single   rooms,    for   forty-two   nurses,    and   thus    provides   for  the 
eflicient   working  of  this  valuable  staff  of  officers.      To-day,  you  are  asked  to 
participate  in  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  Memorial  Buildings,  which, 
under  Providence,  it  is  hoped  will  be  the  means  of  maintaining  and  of  greatly 
e.xtending  the  good  work  of  this  venerable  Institution. 

The  citizens  of  Philadelphia  scarcely  need  to  be  reminded  of  the  history  and 
work  of  this  Hospital,  devoted  to  the  relief  of  pain  and  of  sickness,  which  seems 
to  be  as  much  a  part  of  their  civic  heritage  as  that  other  historic  building  within 
the  sound  of  whose  bell  we  now  are,  where  over  a  century  ago  the  Declaration  of 
this  Country's  Independence  was  proclaimed  to  the  nations  of  the  world.  Ante- 
dating that  event  by  a  score  of  years,  the  stream  of  beneficent  usefulness  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  has  flowed  steadily  and  fully  during  all  this  space  of 
nearly  a  century  and  a  half. 

But  little  remains  to  be  said  except  to  express  the  hope  that  this  old  Institu- 
tion, surrounded  as  it  now  is  with  so  many  fellow-workers  in  the  same  cause,  may 
continue  w  ith  them  to  pour  out  upon  the  afflicted,  in  greater  abundance  than  ever, 
the  benefits  which  it  has  heretofore  scattered  so  liberally  and  indiscriminately 
upon  all  :  and  that  the  rearing  of  this  new  building,  the  corner-stone  of  which  we 
are  planting  to-day,  may  fructify  to  the  same  deeds  of  beneficence,  which  have 
just  been  so  imperfectly  referred  to,  as  the  original  purpose  and  design  of  this 
ancient  foundation. 

It  is  in  place  to  say  here,  that  the  external  features  of  the  new  constructions 
will  be  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  existing  buildings,  themselves  a  model  of 
excellence,  in  the  style  of  the  architecture  of  the  beginning  of  the  last  century. 
The  new  buildings  have  been  designed  in  the  same  spirit,  and  will  be  character- 
ized by  the  same  refined  taste,  and  when  finished,  will  be  a  great  adornment  to 
this  part  of  our  city. 

A  great,  classical  author  has  said  in  beginning  an  account  of  the  life  of  a  dis- 
tinguished relative,  that  it  is  an  ancient  and  honorable  custom  to  describe  the 
actions  and  character  of  the  mighty  dead  for  the  instruction  of  those  coming  after 
them  :  and  that  it  has  ever  been  permitted  to  some  of  them  to  speak,  without 
arrogance,  of  their  own  career  of  departed  glory,  for  the  same  purpose. 

Let  us  close  by  saying,  how  much  more  applicable  is  this  language  to  the 
history  of  an  institution,  founded  in  benevolence  and  good  will  to  all.  which  for 
nearly  a  century  and  a  half  has  been  daily  and  actively  dispensing  its  advantages 
to  the  afflicted  in  mind  and  body,  and  which  is  continuing,  and  we  trust  will  still 
continue  in  the  future,  its  labors  of  charity,  with  increased  strength  and  renewed 
vigor,  to  countless  generations  to  come. 

The  new  buildings  face  Spruce  Street  and  extend  220  feet   east    Description 
and  west  and  124  feet  north  and  south,  but,  owing  to  the  broken  out-   "f  '''e 
line,  these  figures  exaggerate  the  area  covered.  Memorial 

The  ultimate  total  capacity  of  these  pavilions  will  be  about   150 
beds,  of  which  eighty  will  be  in    the    four    large   wards,    ten    in   the 


women's  special  ward,  twenty   in  the   two   children's  wards  and  liie 

rest  in  the  recovery  and  ])rivate  wards. 

The  cost  of  the  buildings,  complete  and  furnished,  will  be  about 

$300,000.     The    basement  walls  are  of    Jonesborough    granite,  the 

superstructure  Philadelphia  red  brick,  with  granite  trimmings,  and 

roof  of  slate. 

New  Among  the  improvements  contemplated  in  the  near  future  are  a 

tiiiiical   new  Clinical  Operating  Room  and  Amphitheatre,  and  also  isolating 

■  '"'"'■   pavilion  wards  for  infectious  diseases.      It  is  proposed,  also,  to  erect  a 
theatre.  11 

new  reception  ward  building  for  men  and   women,   for  which   plans 

will  shortly  be  presented,  in  relationship  with  the  new  operating-room 

and  connected  by  a  corridor  with  the  main  buildings. 


DEPARTMENTS  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

The  ]jrincipal   motive   which  had   inspired  the  founders  of   the   Care  of  the 

Pennsylvania  Hospital  as  well  as  the  main  argument  expressed  in  the   Insane  an 

petition  to  the  Provincial  Assembly,  afterwards  embodied  in  the  Act  of  ""P^'lln'S 

Mav  II,  I7SI,  was  "  the  cure  and  treatment   of  lunaticks,"  in  order   ,       .. 

'     '  •>    '  foundins  the 

that  "  they  may  be  restored  to  reason  and  become  useful  members  of  Hospital, 
the  community."  It  was  principally  out  of  consideration  for  those 
unfortunate  beings,  who  through  loss  of  reason  had  become  "  a 
terrour  to  their  neighbours,"  and  for  whom  no  adequate  provision  had 
hitherto  been  made,  that  the  Managers  felt  the  necessity  of  providing 
immediate  accommodations.  They  accordingly  decided  to  occupy, 
temporarily,  the  building  known  as  Judge  Kinsey's  Mansion,  for 
hospital  purposes.  Of  the  two  patients  who  were  admitted  on  the 
first  day  after  the  doors  were  open,  February  ii,  1752,  one  was  a 
'Mimatick"  recommended  by  the  Visitors  of  the  Poor  of  the  city. 

It  was  very  soon   apparent  that  neither  the  house  which  they  had 
adapted,  nor  indeed  "any   other  that   could  be  hired  "  at  that  time,    .\  special 
had  what   the   Managers  were  willing  to  consider  as  "  any  convenient   huildin.n 
apartments"  for  the  proper  custodial  care  and  treatment  of  the  luna-   ""I""'"- 
tics.     This,   in    their  judgment,  made    it  obligatory  upon  them,  at 
the  earliest  possible  moment,  to  construct  a  special  Hospital,  which 
should   contain   the  desired  conveniences.     Plans   were   accordingly 
drawn,  and,  being  duly  considered  and  approved,  building  operations 
were  begun  in  May  1755.     The  construction  proceeded  slowly,  but 
steadily,  until  the  Fast  wing  of  the  Pine  Street  Hospital  was  at  length 

113 


so    far  completed    lliat  ])atients  could  be  transferred.     This  was  ac- 

Ncw  buiidinK  complished  on  December  17,   1756,  as  already  stated.     The  insane 

occupud.   ^vgre  at  tiiat  ti,,ie  accommodated  on  the  ground  floor  of  the  building, 

which  had  been  especially  constructed  for  their  use.     Proper  regard 

was  shown  for  exercise,  because  in  addition  to  the  extensive  grounds, 

there  was  on    the  first  story  of  each   ward  "a  gallery  eighty  feet  in 

length    for  such  of  them  as  may  be  trusted   to  walk  about,   with   a 

place  for  bathing,"  etc. 

KniarKiiiuiit  By  1 792.  the  demands  ujion  the  Hospital  had  very  much  increased 

iKccssarv.   and  the  number  of  lunatics  had  become  so  large  as  to  call   for  even 

greater  ward  accommodations,  and  to  make  it  necessary,  as  speedily  as 

possible,  to  complete  the  Hospital,  according  to  the  original   plan, 

which  has  been  referred  to  previously.' 

Petition  for  '^°  carry  out  still  further  the  intention  of  the  Founders,  a  |)etition, 

mure  funds,   signed  by  the  Managers,  Treasurer,  and  Physicians,  was  directed  to  be 

presented  to  the  .Assembly,  on  January  18,  1792,  asking   for  another 

appropriation    of  some   of  the   public   funds  for  this  purpose.     The 

minute  read  as  follows  : 

The  Lunatics  in  tlie  House  being  greatly  multiplied  by  llie  Incre.ise  of 
Inhabitants  in  the  State,  since  the  Hospital  was  built,  as  well  as  by  many  other 
Causes,  it  is  found  by  Kxperience  that  a  proper  Separ,ition  of  the  Patients  cannot 
be  made;  neither  can  the  Necessities  of  others  be  relieved,  whose  Cases  require  the 
aid  of  the  Institution,  iS:  for  whom  .Applications  are  continually  made,  unless  a 
Building  more  adequate  to  their  Numbers  is  provided  to  receive  them.  The 
Managers  &  Physicians  are  therefore  of  Opinion  ;  that  an  K.xtensionof  the  House 
as  nearly  as  Possible  to  agree  with  the  original  Plan,  admitting  only  of  such 
alterations  as  will  more  conveniently  .iccommodate  the  Lunatics  is  indispensably 
needful  ;  for  these  Reasons  they  Resolve  that  a  Remonstrance  or  Petition  be 
presented  to  the  general  .Assemblj-  setting  forth  the  Necessity  of  complcating  the 
Hospital  &  requesting  Assistance  to  enable  the  Contributors  to  do  it  in  such 
manner  as  to  answer  the  humane  Intentions  of  its  original  Founders. 

Appropria-  The    ])etition    was   duly  sent,   and    was    favorably  received  ;  ten 

tion  of  thousand  potmds  and  the   unclaimed   dividends  of  bankrupts'   effects 

/.lo.ooo.    ,ygre  ordered  to  be  ajjprojiriated  to  the  use  of  the  Hospital,  by  Act  of 

April  II,  1793. 
Western  On  November  28,  1796,  the  western  addition  to  the  new  building 

Wing   was  reported  by  the  Committee  as  ready  for  the  reception  of  patients, 
completed.   ^^^  ^^  ^^.^  accordingly  directed  to  be  opened  for  immediate  use. 

Tin;  On  May  9,  1825,  it  was  "  Resolved,  That  the  .Apartments  in  the 

"  Lodge."   New  Building  lie  called  the  Lodge  and  be  rtcclusively  Appro])riated  to 

Female  Lunatic  Patients  to  be   under  the  care  of  female   Attendants 

only."     This   building   was   also  known    as    "  the    Retreat."     (See 

illustration  p.  109.) 

'  Page  36. 

114 


On   June   30,  1829,  it   was  strongly   insisted   by   the  attending 
Managers  that  the  present  crowded  state  of  the  Institution  and  the   Separation 
prospect  of  abundance  of  funds  made  it  incumbent  upon  the  Board   "f  Sexes  and 
to  take  measures  more  effectually  to  separate  the  sexes,  classify  the       ^''*'  '^''"°"- 
diflerent  grides  of  lunatics,  and  provide  more  ample  space  for  their 
recreation. 

The  needs  of  the  insane  at    length  became  so  urgent  that  action    Extension 
could  no  longer  be  dela)ed.     It  is  recorded,  January  31,  1831 :  Deemed 

The  great  increase  of  the  number  of  insane  patients  wliich  claim  the  care  of   '  '    '' 

this  Institution  and  for  whose  suitable  accommodation  and  means  of  relief  and 
restoration  the  Managers  feel  deeply  concerned  has  been  a  subject  of  frequent 
consultation.  The  Board  believes  it  to  be  a  duty  to  record  its  sense  on  this 
interesting  concern  and  to  express  its  o{}inion  that  when  sufficient  funds  can  be 
procured  by  the  contributions  of  the  benevolent,  it  will  be  proper  to  afi'ord 
adequate  space  for  that  description  of  patients,  the  present  building  having 
become  crowded. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Managers,  held  April  the  25th,  it  was 
resolved  that  a  copy  of  the  foregoing  minute  be  laid  before  the 
Contributors  at  their  next  meeting. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Contributors,  held  May  the  2d,  the  further   Separate 
association  of  Lunatics  and  Sick  patients  under  the  same  roof,  after   Building  for 
due  consideration,  was  deemed  inconvenient  and  not  conducive  to   '  "^  insane 

1-1/-  Tirii-  ..  ,  1       proposed. 

their  weltare,  and  the  following  appropriate  resolutions  were  adopted: 

Whereas  from  the  great  increase  of  Insane  patients  under  the  care  of  this 
Institution,  that  portion  of  the  Hospital  appropriated  to  the  reception  of  such 
cases  is  no  longer  adequate  to  their  proper  accommodation.  And  Whereas  it  is 
evident  that  an  .•\ssemblage  of  Lunatics  and  Sick  patients  under  the  Same  Roof 
is  inconvenient  and  unfavorable  to  the  seclusion  and  mental  discipline  essential 
in  cases  of  Insanity  :  therefore 

Resolved,  That  we  consider  it  necessary  to  the  interests  of  this  institution 
and  the  furtherance  of  its  humane  design  that  a  separate  Asylum  be  provided  for 
our  Insane  patients  with  ample  space  for  their  proper  seclusion,  classification  & 
employment. 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Managers  be  and  they  are  hereby  directed  to 
propose  at  a  future  meeting  of  the  Contributors  to  be  called  by  the  Managers 
when  prepared,  a  suitable  site  for  such  an  .\sylum  and  the  ways  and  means  for 
carrying  into  effect  the  foregoing  Resolutions. 

The  Managers  evidently  did   not  feel  able   to   take   immediate 
action,    for  we  read  that,  at  the  Contributors'   Meeting,  held  June   Removal  of 
loth,  1835,  Horace  Binney,  Esq.,  submitted  the  following  resolutions,    Lmiatic 
which  were  adopted :         '  Department 

to  the 

Resolved,   That  in  tlie  opinion  of  this  meeting  it  is  expedient  that  the  Lunatic    Country 
department  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  should  be  removed  from  the  City  of  approved  bv 
Philadelphia  to  the  country  in  its  vicinity,   provided   that   the   removal    can   be    Contributors 
elTected  upon  such  a  plan  as  will  promote  the  comfort  and  improve  the  health  of 
the  patients  and  admit  of  the  superintendence   and   control  essential  to  a  good 
administration  ot  the  institution. 

"5 


Rfsolffd ,  That  the  ManaKcrs  of  the  Huspilal  he,  and  they  are  lierel>y 
requested  to  prepare  and  report  to  the  Contrilmlors  at  their  next  nieetiiiK  a  plan 
of  removal  agreeably  to  the  preiXMUnj;  resoUition  :  embracing  in  their  report  the 
location  in  point  of  distance  from  the  City,  the  general  structure  of  the  buildings 
to  be  erected,  the  details  of  the  orj;anization  for  sui)erintendence  and  control,  the 
funils  and  resources  of  the  Corporation  available  for  this  object,  and  the  probable 
cost ;  with  such  facts  and  remarks  as  they  may  think  it  expedient  to  communicate 
for  the  information  of  the  Contributors. 

A  Committee  was  appointed  by  the  Hoard  of  Managers  to  con- 
sider the  above  resolution  and  to  report  upon   locality  and   plans  for 
the  proposed  new  buildings. 
Rcportof  August  4th,  1835.  the  Committee  appointed  to  prepare  "a  plan 

Committee.   qJ-  ^  Building  for  an  Insane  Hospital,"  etc.,  rei)(]rted  : 

Your  Conunittee  dee])ly  impressed  with  the  magnitude  of  the  subject  referred 
to  them  and  sensible  that  the  Kreatest  caution  should  be  exercised  in  preparing  a 
plan  involviuK  the  comfort  of  many  unfortunate  human  lieinRS,  and  the  expendi- 
ture of  an  immense  sum  of  money,  have  called  in  all  the  light  within  their  reach, 
and  given  to  it  all  the  consideration  of  which  they  were  capable.  That  an  insane 
Hospital  can  be  best  managed  within  the  limits  of  the  City,  and  but  a  few  minutes 
walk  of  all  its  Managers  and  Markets  for  every  article  of  provision,  Clothing,  etc., 
which  it  may  need,  they  have  no  doubt ;  but  as  the  popular  opinion  appears  to 
be  against  a  longer  continuance  of  your  insane  department  in  the  City,  and  your 
Contributors  appear  disposed  to  yield  thereto,  they  confined  themselves  to  such 
a  view  of  the  Subject.— The  first  question  then  to  be  decided  was  within  what 
distance  from  the  City,  could  such  an  Kstablishmeut  be  well  managed  :  anil  deter- 
mined, that  it  .should  not  exceed  two  miles  from  the  limits  of  the  City. 

The  next  and  most  difficult  subject  for  consideration  was,  the  whole  i)lan  for 
the  Buildings,  recpiiring  arrangements  for  the  comfort,  security,  classification  and 
proper  management  of  the  patients  and  also  the  best  and  safest  method  of  warm- 
ing and  ventilating,  and  distributing  a  supply  of  water  throughout  the  House, 
both  for  domestic  purposes  and  to  be  available  in  the  event  of  Fire  to  the 
Premises. 

They  Inunil  that  the  scheme  of  detached  Rulldings  wnuld  be  very  costly, 
dilTicult  of  arrangement  and  very  inconvenient  in  the  management.  That,  also, 
for  a  single  row  of  Cells  on  each  Floor,  or  double  rows  but  one  story  high,  would 
cover  a  large  space  of  (Iround  and  cost  an  innnense  sum  of  Money  and  although 
■desirable  for  some  Classes  of  Patients,  not  needed  by  all.  But  as  each  has  its 
advantages,  they  have,  as  yon  perceive,  embraced  the  whole  of  these  views  in  the 
jilan  now  laid  before  you. 
Hlar  for  New  The  principal  Building  has  double  tiers  of  Cells,  is  two  stories  in  height  and 

Buildings  for  may  be  occupied  by  the  quiet,  chronic  cases  of  Insanity  enjoying  bodily  health 
the  Jnsane.  and  be  sufficiently  airy  for  that  class  of  Patients — the  two  stories  furnish  the 
means  of  dividing  them  if  needed  into  two  Classes;  this  main  Building  will 
accommodate  150  <iv  160  Patients,  besides  ample  Room  for  Kitchen,  Bake  Ovens. 
Dining  Rooms,  washing  and  drying  rooms,  etc.,  etc.,  the  Centre  Building  in 
addition  to  space  for  the  Superinten<lent's  Family,  Managers'  &  Apothecary's 
Room,  will  have  in  the  front  of  the  2nd  story  a  large  Room  suitable  for  a  place  of 
Worship.  For  the  noisy  and  those  of  unclean  habits,  are  two,  one  Story  Build- 
ings detached  from  the  former  125  feet  capable  of  receiving  48  Patients  (the  Cells 
erroneously  placed  in  the  plan,  on  the  inner  sides  are  to  be  put  at  the  extreme 
ends  to  open  on    the  country)    they  are    connected    to  the   principal    Hospital  by 

1x6 


covered  Ways,  but,  as  tlit-se  were  fouiul  In  1r-  tiio  lostly  fur  the  siiixle  jjiirpnse  of 
a  passage,  and  a  verj'  important  class  of  Insane,  requiring  a  quiet  location  was 
still  to  be  provided  for,  it  was  concluded  to  place  a  single  row  of  Cells  in  them 
looking  out  into  the  Country  ;  and  to  insure  still  greater  quiet  a  jiassage  way  to 
be  constructed  in  the  Basement — these  will  accommodate  thirty  patients.  The 
objection  which  has  been  made  to  wings  at  right  angles  to  the  main  Building  on 
account  of  cross  sounds  will  not  hold  good  here,  as  these  passages  will  be  420  feet 
apart  &  but  one  Story  high. 

The  cost  of  the  Buildings  as  per  the  estimate  01  Isaac  Holden  an  Architect    Estimated 
who  drew  the  plan,  and  to  whom  your  Committee  are  indebted  for  a  considerable    cost  of 
part  of  it,  will  be |i63,ooo  Improve- 

Ground 20,000  ments. 

Machinery  and  pipes  for  elevating  and  conveying  water  through- 
out the  House 5,000 

Furniture,  Beds,  Beddings,    Linen,  etc.,  etc 15,000 

$203,000 
MORDECAI  Lewis, 
John  Paul, 
John  J.  Smith, 
Barthw.  Wistar, 

Commillef. 
Phii.aijeli'HIA,  July  27,  1835. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  Contributors,  lield  September  the  14th, 
the  above  report  and  plan  were  submitted  and  discussed.  It  was 
thereupon 

Resolz't'd,   That  the  Managers  be  authorized  to  purchase  a  projjer  site  and    Contributors 
adjacent  grounds  for  the  erection  and  accommodation  of  the  said  Hospital.  authorize 

It  was  a\so  "  Resolved,  TXvAl  the  report  from  the  Board  be  recommitted  to  Purchase  of 
the  Managers,  to  make  further  report  thereupon  and  specially  to  report  whether  Real  Estate, 
it  is  not  practicable  and  expedient  to  adopt  such  plan  of  building  as  will  immedi- 
ately accommodate  160  patients,  and  may  from  time  to  time  be  extended  as  the 
number  of  patients  shall  increase.  And  also  to  report  what  are  the  funds  avail- 
able for  the  purpose  of  the  proposed  Hospital  and  what  will  remain  for  the  City 
Hospital  (8th  &  Pine  Sts.)  after  that  in  the  country  shall  be  completed. 

A  Committee  was  appointed  to  look  out  for  a  suitable  site  for  the 
new  establishment,  and  to  prepare  a  plan  and  estimate  for  new  build- 
ings, etc. 

January  14,  1836,  the  Committee  reported: 
That  after  taking  into  deliberate  consideration  the  various  subjects  referred 
to  them,  they  proceeded  to  seek  out  a  site  suited  to  the  object  in  view. — And 
after   having   visited   a  number  of  Farms,   some  of  which,  tho'  affording   lofty 
situations,  commanding  picturesque  views  of  the  adjacent  country  were  found  to 
be  destitute  of  Health,  and  (particularly  the  last  Autumn)  subject  to  the  Fevers, 
of  latter  years  so  prevalent  in  the  environs  of  the  City — while  others,  tho'  com- 
paratively healthy,  were  not  furnished  with  a  requisite  supply  of    wholesome 
water,  their  attention  was  directed  to  that  of  Matthew  Arrison  ;  containing  about    Arrison 
one  hundred  &  one  acres  of  Land,  situated  on  the  Western  side  of  the  Schuylkill    Estate  re- 
in Blockley  township  lying  between  the  Westchester  and  Haverford  Roads,  and    connnended 
within  two  miles  of  the  permanent   Bridge  ;     which,   after  careful  inquiry  they    3^  ;,  ^j^^. 


117 


Building 

sitv 

selected. 


fimiul  to  sustain  a  cliaracti-r  aliimst  iiiuxaTiiplLil  lur  iKaltlifiiliu-ss.  and  to  combine 
more  than  any  otlK-r,  tlie  requisites  for  the  establishment  in  view.  On  examininK 
they  appear  to  afford,  a  fine  Kravelly  soil  on  the  spot  best  suited  to  erect  the 
Buildings,  a  good  stone  quarry  capable  of  furnishing  all  the  stone  which  may  be 
required  for  the  proposed  Buildings  and,  a  supply  sufficient  for  tile  wants  of  the 
establishment  of  good  and  wholesome  water — The  Improvements  consists  of  a 
very  capacious  and  well  built  Mansion  House,  good  stabling,  a  farm  House,  Ice 
House,  etc. 

This  property,  which  had  forniL-rly  belonged  to  Mr.  Paul  Rusii,  a 
well-known  Philadelphia  merchant,  was  purchased  bv  the  Cciminittee. 


,    //^     //'tff.lf/        c/v/. 

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■f //,',/     "ii    niiiii-'ii   r'ltinty   y 

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^<iiii-{<r.,-,'r  ■  ■^f  f     tr-Yiri-'/-'    u/>-"n      --. ,  ,  '  ' '      j.       i 

Z,//a,i^.,,i/  .^€»    ,.„i/  y.^'/'-/''^/'/    ■•'"  .■0^.yr''.^y^  ^-i    iii'/>^rt''"^ 

C  />ri.l/rfr/n 


.'infllll-'"^'   /•fr.ii"''-l  ■  ''•    "•■»-'    I'.rf'f^/^ 


r  r  rr        ft  t  rt  r   r  r  f  t         •    ■  -  • r.y  j 

/,  ,  //.^  •Sy,y/i//i.U«y.  .^^11  f-^"  /  C;>^/ / 

f,,,,      a,c     £„.,/,  I/,  y,>./f,ir>i"'    .""-^      ,,  ,„... vV   A  -/^"-^'»" 
.  .j,,i,K''^,/.,f >.>/./ ./'.^- 1.     /Kit-  J>"i/     /,.>>/  rr.r   c/^-yJ'Wrf'' 
'  .//'Mi,.l/.       '-..r.r,/      A.    ^/W/r      ■'>.•<'■    r^^^i/i-'"'    <*'/    '" 


/ 


//»-      //,,      kJ,..i..hi 


y 


Portrait  of  Mr.  Paul  Busli. 
Il8 


In  the  suggestion  of  a  Plan,  your  Committee  fiiul  it  a  very  difficult  matter  to 
accommodate  i6o  Patients  in  a  single  Edifice  capable  of  being  from  time  to  time    Bi|jidj„u- 
extended,  and  to  contain  all  the  recent   improvements  of  classification,  with  any    Committee's 
regard   to   Architectural   proportions.     For   the   purpose  of    classification    they    Report 
recommend  the  adoption  of  the  plan  of  small  buildings  detached  from  the  main 
Asylum,  one  of  which  will  be  sufficient  at  the  outset.     A  plan  for  which  together 
with  one  of  the  principal  Asylum  they  now  lay  before  you. 

The  large  Building  will  accommodate  170  patients  together  with  the  Family 
of  the  Superintendent,  Domestics,  Nurses,  Cell  Keepers,  etc.  and  it  is  estimated 
will  cost  5126,000.  The  small  one  is  designed  for  the  noisy  and  unclean,  it  is 
represented  in  the  plan  but  one  story  high,  will  furnish  room  for  twenty  patients 
and  their  attendants,  and  is  estimated  to  cost  519,000.  With  an  additional  story 
in  height  it  would  accommodate  double  the  number  of  patients  at  an  additional 
cost  of  but  S8,ooo. 

The  Mansion  House  now  on  the  Farm  ma\-  be  advantageously  appropriated 
to  the  use  of  the  Resident  Physician  and  a  few  of  the  convalescent  patients,  for  a 
time,  before  they  return  into  general  Society. 


riK  R..■-i^iLnce  ul  th'j  McJi'.al  Siiperiiilcndt;iit  ui  tlic  Dcp.aLni'.iu  101  the  lusnite; 
formerh-  the  M;uision  House  of  Mr.  Busll,  built  in  1794. 


119 


At  a  meeting  of  Contril)utc)rs  hekl   February  8,    1S36,  a  report 
(iroiuul   was   submitted    with    the    plan    referred    to  by   the    Committee,  the 
..riKinaliy   \ianagers  recommending  the  erection  of  buildings  upon  the  farm  in 
.i-ciiKit    o   j.|     j^j    .    recently    purchased  for  this  purpose  of  Matthew  Arrison, 
whicli  had  i)reviously  belonged  to  Paul  Busti.and  which  the  Managers 
acquired  at  the  cost  of  twenty-eight  thousand  dollars.     The  illustra- 
tion, containing  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Busti,  is  a  photograph  from  a  small 
engraving  made  in   1801,  now  to  be  seen  in  the  hall  of  Mr.  Busti's 
former  residence,  at  jjresent  occupied  by  the  Medical  Superintendent. 
(Illustration  on  preceding  page). 

The  Contributors,  at  this  meeting,  adopted  the  following  resolu- 
tion : 

Rtsolved,  Tlial  tliL-  Ripurt  is  lieri.t)y  appnivcd  ;  and  tlu'  Maiiajjirs  l)c-  aiitlmr- 
izcd  to  carry  into  ffl't-ct,  with  as  little  delay  as  practicable,  the  plan  of  l)uilclinn;s 
and  improvements  reported  for  a  Lunatic  Hospital,  with  such  alterations  in  point 
of  detail  as  they  may  deem  e.\pedient,  as  well  in  regard  to  the  main  asylum  as  to 
the  detached  building  referred  to  in  the  Report. 

Bnildinjj  The  following  Building  Committee  of  the  Managers  was  appointed 

("..nnnittee.    I'ebruarv  the  29th,  to  carrv  the  above  resolutions  into  effect,  viz., 
Mordecai  Lewis,  Alexander  W.  Johnston,  John  J.  Smith,  Bartholomew 
Wistar,  John  Paul,  and  William  W.  Fisher. 
Architect  On  March  the   12th.  the   Committee  having  satisfied   themselves 

Selected,    ^ith   respect  to  the  (|ualificati()ns  of  Isaac  Holden,  he  was  ajjpointed 
.\rchitect  and   mechanic   for  the  construction  of  the    new   buildings 
under  the  direction  of  the  Committee  and  sanction  of  the  Board. 
HnildiiiK  '"  ^  minute  entered  April  the  25th,  it  is  recorded  : 

located.  That  the  Board  ol  Managers  will  meet  .it  the   Farm  with  a  view  to  locate  the 

building  the  day  after  to-morrow  at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

The  location  having  been  decided  upon,  the  work  was  carried  on 
rapidly.     On  Jmie  the  21st,  the  Committee  met 

To  seal  the  Jar  to  be  deposited  in  the  Corner  Stone.  The  address  to  be 
delivered  on  laying  the  Corner  Stone  not  being  yet  copied,  it  was  concluded  to 
entrust  the  putting  of  it,  and  other  documents  into  the  Jar.  and  scaling  the  same 
to  Bartholomew  Wistar,  who  reported  on  the  25tli  that  he  had  sealed  the  Jar.  after 
duly  depositing  therein  the  various  articles. 

Corner-  The  Corner-Stone  of  the  building  was  laid  at  5   o'clock  on  the 

Stone  afternoon  of  4th  day,  June  22,  1836,  by  Mordecai  Lewis,  the  Chair- 

■^"'   man.     It  is  a  large  piece  of  Granite,  ([uarried  on  the  premises,  and 

was  laid  in  the  South  E^ast  corner  of  the  Centre  building.     In  a  cavity 

made  in   the  stone  was  deposited  a  large  glass  jar,  or  bottle,  closed, 

containing  coins  of  the  United  States  currency  as  follows: 

One  half  eagle,  one  quarter  eagle,  gold  ;  one  half  dollar,  one  quarter  dollar, 
one  dime,  one  half  dime,  silver  ;  one  cent,  one  half  cent,  one  medal  cent,  copper  ; 
"  The  National  Gazette  "  of  the  Eveningof  the  21st  and  "  Poulson's  American  Daily 
Advertiser  "  of  the  morning  of  the  22d  Inst.     "  Some  Account  of  the  Pennsylvania 


Hospital,  containing  a  copy  of  its  charter  &  and  otiicr  documents  connected  with 

the  early  history  of  the  Institution  ;"  published  in   the  year   1754.     "An   account    (Contents  of 

of  the  origin,  objects,  and  present  state  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  by  \Vm.    Comer- 

('•.  Malin.  Clerk.  &c.,  pub'd.  in  1832.     "The  .■\nnual  Account"  or  Report  of  the    5,0,,^ 

Board  of  Managers  laid  before  the  Contributors  May  2nd,  1836.    Two  impressions 

of  the  Corporate  Seal,  one  the  original,  and  the  other  recently  made.     A  copy  of 

iJr.  Benjamin  H.  Coates'  Oration. 

With  the  following  brief  explanatory  note  : 

The  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  having  deemed  it  necessary 
to  extend  the  Insane  department  thereof,  and  to  change  its  location,  by  reason  of 
the  increased  population  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  erection  of  dwelling  houses 
near  to  and  on  all  sides  of  the  Hospital  in  the  City  : — this  Corner  Stone  of  a  build- 
ing to  be  appropriated  to  the  insane  patients  of  the  Institution  is  laid  this  22nd 
day  of  the  .Si.vth  month  (June)  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  thousand  Eight  hun- 
dred and  thirty-si.x. 

Dr.  Benjamin  H.  Coates  then  delivered,  before  a  large  assembly, 

an  address,  which  was  chiefly  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  the  Institution. 

The  following  extracts  from  this  Address  are  of  special  interest : 

To  found  public  institutions  of  an  enduring  character  is  acting  for  the  benefit  .Address  of 
of  future  generations.  The  labor  is  one  of  dignity  :  dignified  far  beyond  anything  Dr.  Coates. 
that  occurs  amid  the  ordinary  turmoil  of  daily  passions  and  interests  and  looking 
to  the  welfare  of  men  who  are  to  inhabit  this  earth  long  after  each  head  that  now 
attends  with  anxious  interest  to  the  philanthropic  labor  shall  rest  beneath  the 
clods  of  the  valley.  Long  after  the  few  years  allotted  to  these  vain  and  bustling 
scenes  shall  have  elapsed,  when  time  and  death  shall  have  settled  the  puny 
effervescence  of  emotions  that  now  fret  in  the  pursuit  of  fortune  or  of  fame,  shall 
other  men  seek  these  shades  for  the  relief  of  wretchedness  and  disease.  Their 
bosoms  will  be  distracted  with  the  same  feelings  which  at  this  moment  agitate 
ourselves.  Little  will  they  reck  of  the  ambitions,  the  hopes,  and  the  fears  which 
now  occupy  our  minds.  Their  own  will  be  sufficient  for  them  ;  and  the  only 
questions  they  will  ask  will  relate  to  the  fitness  of  the  means  we  have  employed 
to  the  ends  for  which  they  are  designed,  the  relief  and  service  of  unfortunate 
human  nature.  Tasks  of  this  kind  do  not  belong  to  any  age  or  country  :  they 
connect  antiquity  and  posterity,  and  they  unite  remote  and  hostile  empires  in  the 
common  bond  of  usefulness  and  charity.  We  benefit  by  the  cares,  the  studies 
and  the  munificence  of  our  predecessors,  and  we  are  bound  in  our  turn  to  imitate 
their  example.  From  the  days  of  Fabiola.  the  Christian  lady  who  founded  the 
first  lunatic  asylum,  to  an  indefinite  posterity,  there  is  a  continuous  series  of 
necessity  and  beneficence  which  knows  not  the  distinction  of  race  or  generation. 
By  far  the  smallest  good  effected  in  the  erection  of  a  great  hospital  is  achieved 
during  the  lifetime  of  the  founders.  The  great  institutions  of  London  and  Paris 
continue  from  age  to  age  to  alleviate  human  suffering  and  administer  to  human 
welfare  while  the  inquiring  stranger  asks  who  were  the  pious  individuals  whose 
splendid  munificence  has  endowed  these  buildings,  or  whether  they  were  indeed 
the  offspring  of  the  charity  of  nations.  In  the  course  of  human  events,  results 
arise  different  from  those  originally  contemplated  by  the  founder  ;  benefits  are 
achieved  in  new  and  unexpected  directions  ;  and  the  institution  which  continues 
to  fulfil  with  unabated  scrupulousness  its  primitive  office  of  protecting  and 
relieving  misery,  acquires  in  addition  the  still  greater  usefulness  of  diffusing  and 
improving  the  most  important  and  valuable  part  of  medical  science. 


Oil  the  bi'.iiitiful  spot  whicli  ymi  now  lii'liold.  they  (the  Managers)  purchased, 
in  the  loth  month  last,  one  hundred  and  one  acres  of  land.  Possession  was 
deferred  ;  but  they  acceler<'ile<l  the  performance  of  tlieir  task  l>y  comniencinK  ill 
pursuance  of  an  agreement  the  preparation  of  materials  during  the  interval. 
They  have  obtained  ill  a  district  proverbially  healthy,  a  fine  gravelly  soil,  a 
beautiful  and  convenient  situation  within  view  of  the  great  artery  of  our  inland 
communication,  the  Columljia  railroad,  a  sulBcient  supply  of  water,  and  a  quarry 
capable  of  furnishing  all  the  ordinary  stone  which  will  be  required  fur  the  com- 
pletion of  the  buildings.  The  valuable  erections  within  your  view  will  be 
generally  retained  as  suited  to  the  wants  of  the  establishment.  In  this  situation, 
with  abundant  room,  convenient  access,  pro.\iniity  to  a  large  and  benevolent 
city,  with  the  e.vperience  of  almost  a  century  and  the  criticism  of  enlightened 
visitors,  we  may  reasonably  hope  for  a  high  state  of  perfection  in  our  new  insti- 
tution, and  for  a  long  series  of  progressive  inii)rovemeiit  and  refinement.  Here 
never,  certainly,  shall  be  heard  the  lash  or  the  chain.  We  may  hope  that  here 
the  violent  and  ferocious  shall  be  restrained  from  mischief  or  protected  from 
injury  by  methods  the  mildest  and  most  humane — that  the  temporary  ebullition 
of  an  inflamed  brain  shall  be  allowed  to  expend  itself  in  harmless  noise  or 
motion — that  the  helpless  shall  enjoy  relief  for  his  wants  and  preservation  from 
indignity  and  disgust,  unconscious  of  the  kindness  that  protects  him.  Here 
shall  the  mind,  enfeebled  by  long-continued  disease,  by  the  grin<ling  inflictions 
of  the  world,  or  by  the  stormy  struggles  of  unbridled  passions,  be  permitted  to 
waste  in  peace  the  remaining  years  of  a  shortened  life.  The  blessing  of  the 
Author  of  nature,  shall  hallow  the  scene,  and  the  tortured  soul  shall  enjoy  the 
soothing  quiet  which  is  ever  felt  in  contemplating  the  works  of  eternal  benefi- 
I'eiice. 

\\.„  The  new  building  for  the  Insane   was   finally  completed,    fully 

Building  e(|uipped,  and  opened  for  admission  of  patients  on  January  i,  1841. 
opened.  i.YQf,i  February  11,  1752.  when  the  sick  and  insane  were  first  received 
into  the  Pine  Street  Hospital,  to  date  above  given,  when  the  new 
department  was  opened,  a  period  of  eighty-nine  years,  38,400 
patients  altoi,'ether  had  been  received.  4360  of  which  were  insane. 
Of  the  latter,  1493  were  discharged  cured,  913  were  improved,  995 
were  removed  without  material  improvement,  246  eloped  (in  the  early 
(lays  of  the  Hospital,  the  square  was  imperfectly  enclosed)  and  610 
died.  Of  the  number  remaining,  93  only  were  transferred  to  the  new 
department  January  i,  1841,  leaving  ten  i)atients  in  the  old  Hospital 
awaiting  the  completion  of  a  detached  building. 
Advantage  tif  It  is  noteworthy  in  considering  the  history  of   the  Hospital,  that 

Separation  of  (he  early  movements  to  establish  it,  the  ])etitions,  the  appeals  to  the 
Pepartments.  p„jj]j^,^  jj^g  charter  and  the  laws,  all  make  special  reference  to  the  care 
of  the  insane.  One-half  of  the  buildings  at  the  Pine  Street  Hosjjital 
and  two-thirds  of  the  adjacent  grounds  were  a])pro|)riated  to  the 
insane,  and  when  they  were  removed  to  West  Philadeli)hia,  they 
vacated  to  the  Pine  Street  Hospital  for  the  sick  and  injured,  one- 
half  of  all  the  Hospital  buildings,  and  two-thirds  of  the  entire  square 
of  ground  upon  which  they  stand. 

122 


Thus  the  transfer  of  the  Insane  to  their  new  abode  in  every  way 
tended  to  increase  the  prosperity  of  the  Pine  Street  Hospital,  and  the 
resources  applicable  to  the  relief  of  the  sick  and  hurt,  and  furnished  a 
full  equivalent  for  any  benefit  received  from  the  common  fund  by  the 
Department  for  the  Insane. 

On  October  31,  1842,  the  Committee  appointed  February  29, 
1836,  with  power  to  erect  suitable  buildings  for  the  Department  for 
the  Insane,  having  fulfilled  their  duties  reported,  as  follows  : 

On  causing  a  survey  of  the  farm  to  be  made,  they  found  that  the  lines  on  the    Survey 
Haverford  Road  did  not  correspond  with  the  enclosures  ;  a  part  of  the  property    of  site 
lying  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Road,  and  a  part  of  the  line  being  considerably    necessarv 
inside  of  the  fencing  on  the  South  side  corresponding  with  a  road  directed  to  be    {„  locate  line 
laid  out  by  order  of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  for  the  County  of  Phila.  dated    gf  property, 
in  1738  but  which  was  never  so  laid  out.     The  present  location  being  considered 
the  most  convenient  therefore  before  your  Committee  could  with  propriety  incur 
the  e.xpense  of  erecting  an  e.xpensive  wall  it  became  necessary  either  to  cause  the 
old  regulation  to  be  carried  into  effect  or  the  present  road  to  he  confirmed. 
Having  informed  you  of  this  difficulty  they  by  your  direction  per  minutes  on 
your  books  dated  loth  mo.  29th,  183S,  made  application  to  the  Court  of  Quarter 
Sessions  for  the  County  which  appointed  a  Jury  and  confirmed  the  road  as  it  now 
.stands  on  the  25th  of  the  3rd  mo.  1S39. 

With  the  view  to  make  straighter  lines  in  the  wall  and  to  have  control  of  all 
the  springs  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  pump-house  there  was  purchased  from  the 
executors  of  the  Estate  of  Henry  Pratt,  9  acres  and  92  perches  of  land,  from 
Henry  Connelly  12"^  perches,  both  immediateh-  adjoining. 

The  Buildings  which  had  been  erected  were  as  follows  :  The  Principal — has  a  Buildings 
front  of  435  ft.  6  in.  a  basement  and  two  upper  stories  all  of  stone,  and  it  is  com-  erected, 
posed  of  a  centre  building  63  ft.  on  the  Eastern  front,  67  ft.  on  the  Western,  96 
ft.  deep  and  85  ft.  from  the  basement  floor  to  the  top  of  the  dome-arched  corridors 
north  and  south  ;  12  ft.  wide  and  East  and  West  14  ft.  wide  and  a  cellar  under 
the  basement — on  the  East  front  which  is  of  cut  stone  is  a  handsome  Doric  portico 
with  four  columns  and  on  the  West  side  a  portico  of  the  same  stone  as  the  front 
with  four  square  pillars.  This  Building  contains  a  kitchen,  store  rooms.  Mana- 
gers' room,  parlor,  lodging  rooms  for  the  Steward's  family,  Apothecary  shop  and 
library,  four  large  parlors  for  the  use  of  the  patients,  a  large  iron  staircase  and 
two  rooms  in  which  ijatients  may  receive  their  friends  without  e.xposing  those  in 
the  wards  to  the  view  of  visitors. 

Two  wings  each  142  ft.  by  38  ft.,  a  basement  and  two  upper  stories  containing 
together  120  rooms  8  by  10  ft.  for  patients  and  attendants  disposed  on  both  sides 
of  corridors  12  ft.  wide,  an  iron  staircase  in  each  and  also  communicating  with 
each  story  a  tunnel  by  which  soiled  clothes  are  discharged  into  closets  for  their 
reception  in  the  basement. 

Two  end-buildings  or  return  wings,  a  basement  and  two  upper  stories  each 
116  ft.  by  44  ft.  an  iron  staircase  in  each  and  having  together  32  rooms  8  by  11  ft. 
and  12  rooms  13  by  17  ft.  for  patients,  four  bathing  rooms,  four  water  closets  and 
four  large  parlors  for  the  patients.  On  each  is  a  neat  belvidere  ranging  with  the 
dome  on  the  centre  Building.  In  the  basement  of  the  four  last  described  build- 
ings are  the  furnaces  for  warming  the  house,  bath,  boiler,  coal  room,  servants' 
lodging  rooms,  laundry,  two  bakers'  ovens,  flour  and  bread  rooms  and  four 
refectories.     The  whole  is  warmed  bv  26   warm  air   furnaces  which  draw  their 


'23 


supply  of  fri-sli  air  frmn  thi'  oiitskli'  of  tlu'  liuust',   S   urates  and  6  slovi'S  ami  is 

Final    '•"""s'^'"-'''"^''  nearly  fireproof  the  corridors  and  every  room  bcinnarelied  alK>ve  and 

Report  of    '^^''**"'  »itl'  ll'<-'  exception  of  the  day-rooms  ami  the  rooms  in  the  Centre  ImildinK 

Committee     '''"^^  '^""'^  ''*  covered  with  zinc  and  copper  and  the  cornice  all  of  stone,  the  patients' 

rooms  have  iron  sashes  in  the  windows  and  over  the  tloors,  aiul  each  room  has  a 

ventilating  flue  reaching  to  the  attic  from  whence  the   foul  air  is  discharned  into 

the  atmosphere  through  ventilators  turned  by  the  w  ind,  there  are  three   liKhtniu); 

rods,  one  on  the  dome  is  curved  into  the  three  in.  pipe  (iron)  by  which  the  water 

is  conveyed  into  the  tanks  from  the  force  pumps.  S45  ft.  distant  on  each  belvidere 

extendinj;  down  to  the  bathing  rooms  and    connected   to  the    lar^e    wastewater 

pipes  which    discharge   into  culverts — an  area   seven    feet    wide   at  the   bottom 

encompasses  the  whole,  it  is  si.x  ft.  below  the  surface  of  the  uround   the   rise  to 

which  is  a  handsome  sodded  slope  of  30  degrees  from  horizon. 

Two  detached  Buildings  which  are  hollow  squares  95  x  7,^  ft.  one  story  high, 
three  sides  of  each  contains  20  dormitories,  dining  and  bathing  rooms,  water- 
closets  and  passages  8  ft.  wide,  the  fourth  sides  are  open  walls  the  interstices 
guarded  by  iron  rods,  enclosing  the  yard  for  the  use  of  the  patients,  they  are 
warmed  by  four  furnaces  each,  the  cellars  are  arched,  the  roofs  covered  with  slate 
and  each  room  is  well  ventilated. 

One  workshop  20  .\  40  ft.,  for  the  employment  of  the  patients,  with  a  handsome 
l>lastered  room  in  the  2nd  story  to  be  used  as  an  infirmary  in  the  event  of  an 
epidemic  in  the  main  buildings. 

t)ne  stone  wash-house  and  mill-house  1 1  .\  25  ft.,  one  story  high,  containing 
the  washing  apparatus,  horse  mill  and  forcing  pump. 

The   following    contingent    and  unadvoidable  works  have  l)een  done  : 

An  oval  culvert  42.\3o  in.  e.vtending  from  a  drain  in  the  meadow  west  of  the 
house  350  ft.  to  the  centre  building  having  branches  of  the  same  size  each  176  ft. 
to  the  Northwest  and  Southwest  angles  of  the  area  from  »  hich  ])oints  smaller 
ones  20  X  24  in.  each  270  ft.  in  length,  connect  with  the  yards  i>f  the  two  detached 
buildings.  All  the  openings  are  provided  with  cess-pools  to  prevent  the  escape 
of  effluvia. 

Water-works — a  circular  cistern  walled  and  llooreil  with  bricks,  with 
hydraulic  cement,  12  ft.  deep  and  12  ft.  diameter  often  thousand  gallons  capacity 
is  supplied  from  the  fish-pond  from  a  creek  and  from  a  strong  spring  within  itself. 

A  wall  5483  ft.  in  extent,  lo'/i  ft.  high,  enclosing  forty-one  acres,  with  which 
are  the  foregoing  described  buildings,  the  Physician's  mansion,  a  large  vegetable 
garden  and  pleasure  grounds  for  the  patients  including  two  handsome  woods  of 
forest  trees. 

The  responsibility  and  labor  of  your  C'onnnittce  were  nnicli  increased  by  the 
loss  of  the  services  of  the  Architect,  Isaac  Holden,  who  was  compelled  by  ill 
health  to  leave  the  country  in  1839,  the  work  being  but  about  half  accomplished. 

They  have  had  to  deplore  the  loss  by  death  of  three  of  their  members,  viz.: 
John  J.  Smith,  \Vm.  W.  Fisher  and  Bartholomew  Wistar,  the  want  of  whose  valu- 
able assistance  was  seriously  felt  by  them. 

MoRDECAi  Lewis,  Chairtiian. 

loth  mo,  19th,  1S42. 

The  report  \vas  accepted  and  the  Committee  discharged. 

The  opening  of  the  new  Department  for  the  Insane  suggests  a 
brief  review  of  their  treatment  up  to  this  time. 

124 


The  Medical  treatment  appears  to  have  been  directed  principally 
to    the   acute   or   sthenic  forms   of    lunacy,    or    cases    of    so-called   Tnatment  of 
"  Phrenzy."     These  were  douched  or  played  upon,  alternately  with   the  Insane, 
warm  and  cold  water,  (which   may  have  accounted  for  some  of  the 
pulmonary    fatalities    elsewhere    mentioned.)        Their    scalps    were 
shaved  and  blistered  ;  they  were  bled  to  the  point  of  syncope  ;  purged 

ouiK  /s  r/f/  '■ 


— ^  '^.   —       ^';^^».-^tin7< 


Prescription,  written  in  1791  hy  Dr.  Fouike,  for  bleeding  a  lunatic  patient. 

until  the  alimentary  canal  failed  to  yield  anything  but  mucus,  and,  in 
the  intervals,  they  were  chained  by  the  waist,  or  the  ankle,  to  the  cell 
wall.  Under  this  heroic  regimen,  some,  probably  the  most  "sthenic." 
recovered  their  reason.  This  general  plan  of  treatment  survived  the 
removal  of  the  patients  to  the  Pine  Street  Hospital.     There  appears 


•25 


nothing  in  the  records  to  indicate  any  special  mode  of  treatment   lor 

TlK'raitfutic   melanciiolia,  or  for  the  stuporous   forms  of  mental  disorder.      Later 

Appliaiu-c-s  there  were  mentioned  certain  special  appliances  for  "rousing"   such 

,   ,,        patients,  which,  judging  from  the  description,  must  have,  temporarily, 

at  least,  effected  the  desired  object. 

There  was  connected  with  the  Market  Street  Hospital  a  large 
garden,  containing  many  trees.  This  was  surrounded  by  a  tightly 
boarded  high  fence  upon  the  side  of  Market  Street,  the  enclosed 
ground  being  used  as  an  exercising  ])lace  for  the  quieter  cases. 

The  following  brief  and  interesting  memoranda,  appearing  on  the 
minutes  at  this  time,  afford  some  light  as  to  the  supposed  therapeutic 


ffi~ 


Bill  for  Chains  for  the  Lunatics,  1751. 

requirements  in  treating  the  insane.      Here,  for  instance,  is  a  black- 
smith's account  of  March  7th,  1752: 

John  Crcsson,  blacksmith,  against  yv  hospital,  i  pair  of  haiKlcufls,  2  legR 
locks.  2  large  rings  and  2  large  staples,  5  links  and  2  larjje  rings  and  2  swifc-lls  for 
Ugg  chains. 

Similar  accounts  appear  later  : 

To  3  locks,  13  keys,  chains  and  staples  for  cells,  /"i.  10.  3.  5th  Mo.  25th,  1752. 
On  sth  Mo.  2><th,  1754,  Paid  for  7  yds.  of  Ticken  for  mad  Shirts,  /'o.  16.  ^'A  . 

9th  Mo.  I4lh,  1754.  Received  of  Elizabeth  Gardner  Seventeen  Shillings  for 
drave  and  Coping  for  patrick  MacDuel  a  lunatick,  per  me. 

J.\c<>B  Shoemaker. 

126 


In  the  earlier  days'  of  tlie  Hospital,  even  down  to  quite  recent 
times,  the  mode  of  commitment  of  the  insane  was  so  easy  and  free  Hhysical 
from  formality  that  a  few  words  hastily  scribbled  upon  a  chance  scrap  ■'''*"'''"'»• 
of  paper  was  sufficient  to  place  a  supposed  insane  patient  in  the  Hos- 
pital and  deprive  him  of  personal  liberty.  If  he  did  not  remain 
passive,  chains  or  some  other  form  of  mechanical  restraint  were  used. 
A  sufficient  number  of  such  scraps  of  paper  have  survived  to  show  the 
astonishing  informality  of  the  lunacy  proceedings.  The  friend  (or  it 
may  in  some  instances  have  been  the  enemy)  of  an  alleged  lunatic, 
applied  to  the  Managers,  or  to  one  of  the  physicians,  for  an  order  of 
admission.  If,  as  now,  the  friends  or  custodians  were  able  to  pay 
board,  bond  was  taken  for  its  regular  settlement  and,  in  the  earlier 
years  of  the  Hospital,  this  obligation  contained  a  provision  covering 
the  funeral  e.'cpenses  of  the  patient  if  he  died  while  under  treatment. 
If  the  jiatient  was  indigent  he  was  admitted  as  a  free  case,  after  being    In'omiul 

seen  bv  one  of  the  physicians  and  upon   his  report  to  the  Managers   •■^''""ssi"" 
11  ■  V  1  ■         r         1  ^  1  11        "'  I'atients. 

that  the  patient  was  a  fit   subject  for  detention.     Once  in  the  cells, 

or  quarters  for  insane,  the  patient  had  no  appeal  from  the  opinion  of 

the  attending  physician. 

The  following  are  the  very  brief  records  on  the  minutes  of  some 

of  the  early  admissions  and  discharges. 

Dr.  Moore's  Negro  man,  a  Lunatick,  was  received  3rd  Mo.  25tli,   1753.     His    Kxlracts 
master  promised  payment.     4th  Mo.  5tli,  1753.    The  Doctors  gave  due  attendance    from  the 
and  are  of  opinion  that  Isabel   Charlton,  a  Lunatick,  is  not  likely  to  receive  any    Minutes, 
further  Benefit  in  ye  Hospital,  untill  there  are  more  convenient  appartments  and 
therefore  ye  Committee  think  it  advisable  to  cause  her  to  be  removed.     They 
were  directed  to  notify  ye  Overseers  of  ye  Poor  of  this  City  to  receive  ye  said 
Isabel  Charlton,     ist.  Mo.  23d.  1754.    Admitted  Negro  Adam,  a  Lunatick  and  pay 
patient  belonging  to  Mrs.  Margaret  Clymer,  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Thos.   Bond. 
2nd.  Mo.  i6th,  1754.     Black  Adam,  at  ye  request  of  his  Mistress  Margaret  Clymer, 
was  this   day   discharged.     6th   Mo.    26th,    1754.     Admitted   Negro    George,    a 
Lunatick  belonging  to  Mr.  Carrington  of  Barbadoes,  a  pay  patient  at  los  a  week, 
under  ye  particular  care  of  Doctor  Sliipjien  who  engages  for  his  board. 

The  "Temporary  Hospital"  was  in  charge  of  a  matron.  .\ 
"  male  Keeper  of  lunaticks  "  was  employed  to  guard  the  cells  for  men. 
The  females  were  attended  by  the  matron,  assisted  by  such  help  from 
sane  inmates  as  their  condition  permitted. 

Relatively  little  survives  in  the  way  of  available  records  illustrative 
of  the  daily  routine  of  the  Temporary  Hospital,  but  it  is  known, 
however,  that  the  house  was  shortly  afterwards  found  unfit  for  the  care 

'  In  the  provincial  history  of  our  State,  no  general  law  was  enacted  for  the  commitment  of 
insane  to  places  of  detention ;  whatever  legal  proceedings  were  requisite  for  their  guardianship, 
estates,  etc.,  were  derived  from  the  English  statutes.  The  charter  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
conferred  power  upon  the  Contributors  to  make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  for  the  government 
of  the  Hospital  and  admission  of  patients. 

127 


of  lunatics.      Special    efforts    were    tiierefore  made  to  complete  the 

Hospital  then  building,  with  the  object  of  transferring  them  to  better 

(|uarters. 
I'licr  an.mi-  While  at  the  Temporary   Hospital  the   insane   were  confined   in 

iniiclMii.iii  III    (j,g  cellar,  in  cells  "  under  the  wards  for  the  sick."  which  was  the  only 
i-iiilH.r.ir>  .    jj^gij    available.     These   cells    were    known    to   be   damp   and 

unwholesome,  and  a  number  of  the  patients  died  there  from  pulmonary 

disease. 

To  make  the  apartments  habitable,  it  was  ordered 

C  iistrucliiiii  That    tlic    Ci-lls   under    the   VVarils,  should    be    imiiRdiaUly  fiiiishtd,  Ici    bc- 

f  111  Cells  planked  FWiurs,  under  which  to  be  arched  to  prevent  the  damage  of  the  Rats 
and  the  Walls  to  be  plaistered.  The  Kntry  before  the  Cells  may,  for  the 
present  remain  unpaved  and  only  be  plaistered  all  round,  witlumt  any  Carpen- 
ters' work  above  the  Floor,  e.xcept  a  plain  Washboard  and  I'asin^s  tor  the  sides 
of  the  Windows,  fitted  for  Inside  Shutters  to  be  hereafter  made. 

l.ii;ht  in  'fhere  could   have  been  no  way  of  warming  the  "cells,"  and  as 

'"^•"s.  the  only  possible  means  of  ventilation  would  have  been  by  opening 
the  windows,  the  i)atients  must  have  often  suffered  from  dampness, 
cold,  and  insufficient  light.  The  Hospital  wards,  as  in  most  private 
houses  at  this  time,  were  more  or  less  warmed  by  log-fires  and  feebly 
illuminated  by  a  candle  or  two.  Poor  as  such  accommodations  now 
a|)pear,  it  was  the  best  the  times  afforded,  and  far  better  than  was 
experienced  in  the  existence  of  the  average  lunatic  prior  to  its  establish- 
ment. The  insane  were  not  supjiosed  to  require,  nor  to  quite  deserve, 
the  usual  comforts  of  life  at  this  period,  when  even  the  sane  dwelt  in 
cold  houses,  slept  in  cold  apartments,  and  sat  through  the  long  winter 
evenings  by  candle-  or  fire-light. 
New  Cells  I"  •  Ts^-  t'lc  '^'^"s  for  lunatics,  in  the  basement  of  the  Pine  Street 

completed.  Hospital,  were  so  nearly  completed  that  on  December  17  the  insane 
were  transferred  to  their  new  quarters.  The  cells  in  this  building 
had  ])lank  floors,  arched  below  so  as  to  prevent  dampness  and  preclude 
association  with  rats.  They  were  now  very  much  more  comfortable  than 
in  their  former  (juarters ;  but  notwithstanding  the  then  prevalent 
theory,  that  the  insane  could  not  appreciate  differences  of  tempera- 
ture, the  long  winter  nights  must  have  brought  them  much  suffering 
from  cold.  Wood  fires  in  cells  were  impossible,  and  C(|ually  so  the 
attempt  to  warm  them  tVom  fire-places  in  the  corridor  upon  which 
they  opened. 

The  minutes  of  January  25,  1762,  record: 

It  beint;  observed  some  time  p.ist  that  the  Cells  for  the  Lunaticks  are  rcn<lered 
very  damp  by  the  droppings  of   the  Eaves  of  the  Roof,  to  remedy   which  it  is 

iz8 


proposrd  lluit  :i  I'latfunn  raised  a  proper  licitjhtli  alxjvc  tiie  CVIl  Wiiuliius,  Id  stand 
upon  Brick  Pillars,  should  be  Iniilt  as  soon  as  the  Season  will  admit,  which  i)nj     improve- 
posal  being  approved,  Saml.  Rhoads,  Jacob  Lewis  &the  Treasurer  are  appointed    „n.„ts 
to  consider  in  what  manner  such   a  Convenience  may  be  best  made,  to  estimate    jpiitimn.d 
the  Cost,  provide  Materials  &  employ  Workmen  to  do  it. 

In  1767,  "  the  Sitting  Managers  are  desired  to  employ  Workmen 
to  build  Pillars  for  supporting  the  Floor  of  the  Piazza  over  Cell  Win- 
dows."      Nineteen  years  later,  on  May  29,  17S6  :    "  The  Committee 


Cells  as  originally  coiislruLled  in  Basement  of  Pine  Street  Hospital. 

appointed  to  get  ye  Shed  built  over  the  Cells"  reported,  "  the  Work 
is  begun,  but  the  late  rains  prevented  it  being  finished,"  it  was 
reported  as  completed  in  June,  1786. 

It  is  not  reiTiarkable  that  the  cells  for  insane  remained  without 
adequate  heat  from  the  opening  of  the  institution  until  about  1S33, 
when  the  sole  reliance  for   the    jiroduction    of  artificial    warmth   was 


129 


warm  tin- 
Cells. 


wood,  which  could  not  be  made  available  for  tliis  special  imrpose,  since 
with  wood  fires  a  large  proportion  of  the  heat  went  uj)  the  chimney, 
while  the  remainder  furiously  heated  only  a  limited  area  a  few  yards 
distant.  'l"he  best  and  only  known  means  for  warmth  were  provided, 
and,  inadequate  as  they  were,  the  Managers  themselves  enjoyed  no 
better  in  their  own  homes. 
E.vpedlents  In  I  794,  some  of  the  Managers  thought  that  the  cells  should  be 

Di-visotl  ti>  made  warmer.  As  no  other  means  were  available,  it  was  decided  to 
adopt  the  expedient  commonly  em])loyed  in  Europe,  of  setting  a  char- 
coal brazier  or  furnace  in  the  corridors,  outside  the  cells.  Unfortu- 
nately this  device,  though  promi)tcd  by  the  most  humane  motives, 
was  found  not  to  work  very  well.  Everybody,  even  the  Keepers,  who 
could  stand  almost  anything,  nearly  ])erished  in  the  atmosphere  of 
carbonic  acid  gas,  and  such  a  remonstrance  arose  from  the  lower  floor 
of  the  house  as  to  cause  these  deadly  gas  generators  to  be  speedily 
removed.  Hut  the  Managers  were  not  discouraged  ;  the  same  year. 
1794,  the  building  committee  were  instructed  to  devise  a  ])lan  "by 
which  the  ceils  could  be  safely  and  ])roperly  warmed  by  burning  wood 
in  stoves  or  otherwise."  The  stove  of  that  period  was  an  iron  box, 
four  feet  long  by  two  and  a  half  feet  wide.  It  is  not  probable  that 
the  cells  were  heated  to  any  great  degree  by  these  wood-burning 
stoves,  but  it  is  likely  that  being  i)laced  in  the  corridor  they  may  have 
tem|)ered  somewhat  the  bitter  cold  in  the  rooms. 

From  minutes  and  memoranda  that  have  survived,  it  is  ajiparent 
that  these  cells  were  not  entirely  satisfactory,  for  on  April  24,  1758, 
occurs  the  following  : 

Si'vcrall  lunaticks  haviiiK  made  thiir  escape  from  ye  I-los|)ital  owiii);  to  ye 
Iron  Barrs  of  the  Cells  beiiin  too  slender,  the  Monthly  Committee  w.as  instructed 
to  employ  the  same  Smith  that  ni.ade  them  to  make  them  Stron.i;  and  more  secure. 

Protection  As  the  Hospital  stood  on  open  ground,  without  fence  or    wall 

of  P.atients  around  it,  idle,  curious,  and  thoughtless  persons  often  assembled  at  the 

irom   windows  of  the  cells,  which  were  level  with  the  ground,  to  look  at  the 
Intrusion.    ,  .  ■    /-      ,,        ,  1  .  j  1  'i-l- 

lunatics,  and   finally  they  began    to  tease  and   annoy   them.       Ihis 

finally  developed  into  such  a  nuisance  that,  on  .Vjjril  8,  1760,  it  was 

proposed  : 

Tli.it  a  suitable  P.allisade  Fence,  either  of  Iron  ur  Wood,  the  Iron  hein^  pre- 
ferr'd,  should  be  erected  in  Order  to  prevent  the  Disturbance  which  is  given  to 
the  Liniatics  confin'd  in  the  Cells  by  the  gre.it  Numbers  of  people  who  frequently 
resort  and  converse  with  them.  It  was  also  agreed  to  hire  Two  Constables,  or 
other  proper  Persons  to  attend  at  such  Times  .is  are  necessary  to  prevent  this 
Inconvenience  untill  ye  Fence  Is  erecte<l 

On  May  12,  1760,  a  committee  was  a])pointed  to  procure 
materials  and  erect  this  "  Pallisade  Fence  before  the  Windows  of  the 

130 


Cells,  to  prevent  the  Disturbance  given  to  Lunaticks."  I*"rom  an 
account  rendered  for  materials  this  fence  was  probably  of  iron  bars 
resting  on  a  brick  foundation.  This  kept  the  populace  from  the 
windows,  but  apparently  did  not  abate  the  nuisance  as  it  was  noted  : 

May  lotli,   1762,  The  Kfat  crowds   that   invaded  the  Hospital  give  trouble  Curious 

and   create   so   much   disturbance,   that  Samuel    Rhuads   and  Jacob   Lewis  are  Visitors  made 

directed  to  employ  a  workman  to  make  a  suitable  hatch  door  and  get  an  inscrip-  to  pay  for 

lion  thereon  notifying  that  such  "  persons  who  come  out  of  curiosity  to  visit  the  Admittance, 
house  should  pay  a  sum  of  money,  a  Groat  at  least,  for  admittance." 

Later,  this  rule  seems  to  have  fallen  into  disuse,  as,   on  April   27, 
1767: 

Orders  were  renewed  that  the  Hatch  door  be  kept  carefully  slnit  and  that  no 
Person  be  admitted  into  the  House  without  paying  the  gratuity  of  Four  Pence 
formerly  agreed  upcin,  and  that  care  Ije  taken  to  prevent  the  Throng  of  people 
who  are  led  by  Curiosity  to  frequent  the  House  on  the  first  day  of  the  week,  to 
the  great  disturbance  of  the  Patients. 

From  time  to  time  other  measures  had   tu   be  taken  to  preserve 
order.     On  .August  30,  1784: 

Dr.  Foulkc  recommended  that  some  regulations  may  be  made  in  respect  to 
persons  visiting  the  Hospital,  particularly  in  adopting  such  Rules  as  would  tend 
to  preserve  the  Lunatic  Patients  from  being  interrupted  and  disturbed  in  their 
course  of  Medicine.  Ordered  that  the  Sitting  Managers  consult  with  as  many  of 
the  Physicians  as  they  conveniently  can  and  report  such  rules  and  regulations  at 
our  next  Stated  Meeting  as  will  be  most  conducive  to  remedy  any  present  Evil 
on  that  head  which  may  now  e.xist. 

Whereufjon,  on  October  4,  1784: 

They  Reported  that  they  had  found  it  useful  in  adopting  the  following  regu-    Xumber 
lations  respecting  the  Lunatic  Patients :  viz :  The  putting  up  an  .\dvertisement    ^f  visitors 
or  Rule  forbidding  more  than  two  Persons  at  one  time  to  be  permitted  to  go  into    Restricted, 
the  Cells  and  those  Persons  to  be  attended  by  the  Cell-Keeper  and  not  suffered  to 
speak  to  such  Patients. 

In  1 791,  as  complaints   had   been  made   by  the   Physicians  that 

company  was  too   freely  admitted,  to   the  great  injury  of  lunatics,  it 

was  resolved  : 

That  no  Person  whatever  should  be  hereafter  allowed  to  enter  the  Grounds,  or 
Cells  inclosed  for  their  Accommodation,  unless  introduced  or  allowed  by  one  of 
the  Managers,  Physicians  or  by  the  Steward,  to  which  resolution  the  Cell-Keeper 
was  strictly  to  .Attend,  and  to  keep  the  Gates  and  Wards  locked  in  future,  to 
prevent  all  Intruders  who  might  attempt  to  enter  therein,  without  such  permission 
being  first  obtained. 

Slaves  were  sometimes  admitted  at  the  request  of  their  owners, 

who  arranged  for  the  payment  of  their  board. 

July  20th,  1757.  Admitted  Cato,  a  black  slave,  on  i.Sth  inst.,  a  Lunr.tick 
belonging  to  Oswald  Peel,  at  los.  Per  Week. 

Counties,  townships,  hundreds  and   boroughs  arranged   to   have 
their  insane  admitted,  as  vacancies  occurred  in  the  cells  by  discharge 

131 


or  death  of  patients.     Sonic  ol  these  cases  gave  great  trouble  and  did 
more  damage  to  the  i)roi)erty  than  tlieir  friends  could  i)ay  for.     On 
April  9,  1757, 
A  Troubli--  Admitted  Cli.-irli-s  Ji-nkins,  a  liiiiatick  ;   He  escaped  in  July  nf  the  same  year, 

some  Patient,  but  was  captured  and  l>ri>iinlit  hark,  .^pril  gtli,  175!*.  Charles  Jenkins  made  his 
escape  at  ni)»ht  out  of  ye  Cell  Window  ;  but  was  soon  returned.  On  July  .^1,  175H  ; 
lie  again  escapeil  from  the  Window  in  ye  lonn  Aisle:  and  was  not  recaptured.  (In 
February  26,  1759,  reathnitted  "at  the  request  of  Thos.  Laurence,  ye  Mayor,  to 
be  confined  untill  it  shall  be  thought  prudent  anil  safe  to  release  him.  It  appear- 
ing to  ye  Mayor  that  C.  Jenkins  was  become  allusive  and  Outragious  ;  that  bis 
Wife  &  family  were  In  great  Hanger  of  their  lives,"  a  warrant  was  directed  to 
John  Mitdiell,  Constable,  for  apprending  it  Committing  him  to  ye  Hospital,  by 
wliom  he  was  brought  here  last  night,  at  ten  Sliillings  I'.  Week.  Three  months 
later  he  got  away  again: — by  breaking  out  the  Iron  Harrs  of  ye  Cell  Window, 
over  the  door  last  night. 

Although  one  of  the  cells  was  especially  fitted  up  to  prevent  ii. 
he  escaped  several  limes  afterward.  In  the  interim  he  probaMy 
enjoyed  himself,  as  he  was  invariably  returned  "  ina  State  of  l>riinken 
madness." 

Some  May  aSth,  175S.      .Admitted  Martin  Iliggins,  a  Mad  person,  who  having,  as 

unpleasant  many  others  do  without  Leave,  gone  thro'  the  House  to  (he  Top,  S:  there  Care- 
experiences.  Itssly  and  Imprudently  running  about,  fell  thence  to  the  ground  iS:  was  so  much 
Hurt  that  his  recovery  was  doubtful. 

July  28,  1758.  Escaped  Jacob  Ashton  by  boring  thro'  the  Hoor  of  his  Cell  & 
forcing  out  the  Steeples  of  ye  Iron  Bolls. 

August  28tli,  1758.  Admitted  A.  I).,  a  pay  patient,  an  Outragious  person. 
D.  I),  security,  who  desires  that  he  may  not  bee  Discharged  without  his 
Knowledge. 

January  27th,  17,59.  Discharged — the  lunatick  Jane  Hughes  at  the  Re(|uest 
of  her  husband  who  paid  /"^  to  the  Matron  in  full  for  her  .-Vccommodatitin.  The 
Damage  done  to  the  Cells  &c.  is  Forgiven  in  Consideration  of  her  Poverty. 

January  27th,  1759.  Kscaped  Jno.  Jones,  a  Lunatick  :  he  forced  the  Harrs  o( 
his  Cell  in  ye  night  and  fled  without  Notice. 

November  26,  1759.  .■\dniitted  Harriott  Hamilton,  a  Lunatick,  reputed 
Daughter  of  the  late  Duke  Hamilton,  to  bee  in  ye  Hospital  till  a  Vessel  sails. 
On  May  28th,  1760,  the  vessel  sailed  and  took  her  to  Kngland. 

December  .^ist,  1759.  Admitted  Solomon  C,  a  Drunken  Mad  Man,  at  the 
Request  of  his  Brother,  &  by  Desire  of  T.  Stampe,  ye  Mayor,  the  former  agreed 
with  ye  Board  of  Man.agers  for  his  Maintainance. 

In  the  same  year,  Admitted  Mark  Kidil,  junr..  an  Irregular  Person,  on  Pay  fn; 
Ten  Shillings  P.  Week,  (his  Father  will  pay).  Afterward  He  left  the  cells 
Irregularly,  i.  e.,  broke  the  window  and  ran  away. 

.Admitted  Joseph  Wolf  a  Jew  from  Lanca.ster  County,  who  is  quite  Distracted. 
Mathi.is  Bush  promises  to  be  his  Security  as  far  as  the  Effects  of  said  Wolf  now 
'n  his  bands  will  go. 

Probably  the  first  instance  of  a  jiatient  having  a  private  attend- 
ant occurred  in  this  year  : 

William,  son  of  Joseph  Hart,  a  Lunatick  an<l  pay  Patient.  He  is  also  to  pay 
for  a  Negro  man  he  has  to  tend  him. 


'32 


concerning 
admission 
of  Lunatics. 


Alexander  McCurdy — pay  patient,  bro't  down  by  ye  Overseers  of  ye  Poor  of 
tile  Townships  of  New  Gulfhahoppen  Alias  Upper  Hanover. 

Thomas  Dougan,  a  Lunatick,  taken  upon  the  Streets  naked  the  20th  inst. 
Said  to  come  from  ye  East  Jerseys. 

These   quaint    entries   illustrate   the   kind   of   cases   commonly   g.  . 
received  and   the  mode  by  which   they  were  admitted,  as  does  also   from  Minutes 
the  following  ancient  manuscript  order: 

CiTV  OF  Phil.\delphi.\,  ss.  : 

Several  Persons  of  good  Reputation  having  appeared  before  me  ye  Subscriber 
one  of  ye  Justices  of  ye  Peace  for  ye  City  of  Philada..  &  complayned  that 
Thomas  Ackley,  Chairmaker,  hath  frequently  behaved  in  a  very  disorderly 
manner  to  ye  great  Terror  of  his  Family  &  Annoyance  of  his  neighbours, 
Wherefore,  Apprehend  ye  sd.  Thomas  &  take  him  to  ye  Workhouse  of  this 
City,  the  Keeper  whereof  is  hereby  required  to  receive  &  Employ  him  in  ye 
Common  Labour  of  the  House,  till  further  orders. 

But  if  ye  sd.  Thomas  or  his  Wife  shall  when  he  is  arrested,  request  that  his 
Confinement  may  be  at  ye  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  that  case  deliver  him  to  ye 
Steward  of  ye  sd.  Hospital,  or  to  ye  Keeper  of  Lunatics  there,  who  shall  then 
receive  and  safely  keep  him  till  he  is  discharged  by  proper  .\uthority. 

Given  under  my  Hand  &  Seal  December  ye  22d,  1763. 

To  .-Vny  Constable.  S.^miei,  Rho.\ds. 

The  follow  ing  are  copies  of  manuscripts  addressed  to  the  Man- 
agers on  behalf  of  the  reception  of  two  insane  patients.  The  first  one 
cited  shows  that  the  question  of  the  legal  settlement  of  a  patient  was 
then  as  much  considered  as  at  present : 

We  whose  Xames  are  underwritten,  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  New  Castle, 
do  hereby  certify  to  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  that  Sarah  the 
wife  of  the  Revd.  ^Eneas  Ross  the  Society's  Missionary  here,  of  the  age  of  thirty- 
nine  years  or  thereabouts,  hath  during  her  residence  in  this  place,  for  near  five 
years  past,  been  Lunatick,  bereaved  of  her  understanding  and  wholly  disquali- 
fietl  to  manage  her  Household  affairs.  Therefore,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  Ross  we 
recommend  her  to  you  as  a  patient  proper  to  be  admitted  into  your  Charitable 
Institution. 

Dated  at  New  Castle  this  Twenty  Eighth  day  of  September  .Anno  Domini  1763. 

(Here  follow  Signatures.) 

Richard  McWilliam.  Esquire,  one  of  his  .Majesties  Justices  of  the  Peace  for 
the  County  of  New  Castle  and  William  Clark  one  of  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor  for 
the  Hundred  of  New  Castle  in  the  County  aforesaid  Do  Certify  to  the  Managers 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  that  the  Revd.  .Kneas  Ross,  the  Society's  missionary 
above  named  hath  procured  a  legal  Settlement  in  the  Hundred  of  New  Castle 
aforesaid.  Given  under  our  Hands  at  New  Castle  this  Twenty-eighth  day  of 
September,  .\nno  Domini  1763. 

These  are  to  certify  to  whom  it  may  concern  that  Ernst  Gottlieb  Law,  a  Brother 
of  the  Bearer  of  These,  is  in  a  bad  and  pityfull  Condition  of  his  mind,  at  present 
not  able  to  be  in  any  Society  of  sound  Men,  which  irregularitys  have  been  brought 
upon  him  by  many  thousand  Accidents  and  .Adventures  of  his  former  Life.  Con- 
sequently he  wants  to  be  pityed  on  and  put  in  the  Hospital  again. 
As  Witness  my  Hand,  Philadelphia  the  17th  of  September  1763. 
John  Frederick  Harushch, 

l.ulher:  Afhiisl.  {Lullicran  Minisler.) 


I.« 


The  IoHowhil;  is  a  to«nslii|>  uliligation  or  buiul : 

ToWNSHIl"   <)|-    NoKTHAMPTDN,    BlRMNCTtlX  CofNTV. 

I  uiulcrwittcii  OviTsci-r  of  the  Poor,  Uo  Promise  to  Satisfy  and  Pay  lint"  the 
Managers  of  the  Hospital  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  their  full  Demands  for 
takiii);  in  &  keeping  one  James  Holland  a  Lunatic  belonninK  to  our  Said  Town- 
ship until  he  shall  be  from  thence  removed.  Witness  my  hand  this  loth  Day  ol 
June  1762 

Signed,  Jons  Wkst,  0:Sret: 

At  the  foot  of  this  paper   the  visiting   physician  writes  wliat  was 
Certificate   then  e<iuivalent  to  a  medical  certificate  of  insanit)' : 
of  Insanity.  |  t|,j|,k  the  above  iianied  Janus  Holland  is  a  proper  subject  for  the  Hospital. 

\Vm.   SlIll'I'K.N. 

A  case  which  about  this  time  attacted  miicli  attention  in  the 
Hospital  and  in  the  City,  was  that  of  Thomas  Perrine,  a  remarkably 
neat  and  tidy  Sailor,  who  was  admitted  as  an  insane  patient  in  March, 
1765,  and  died  in  1774.  For  a  brief  jieriod  lie  lived  in  the  cells, 
where  he  ])roved  very  troublesome,  quarrelling  with  the  Keeper  and 
with  the  other  patients.  He  finally  escaped  from  the  basement  and 
ran  through  the  house,  reaching  the  cupola  of  the  East  wing,  from 
which  he  successfully  resisted  all  efforts  to  dislodge  him.  Attempts 
to  do  so  being  abandoned,  bedding  was  j)laced  in  the  cupola  and 
there  he  lived  and  died.     It  is  recorded  that 

.\  Lunatic  He  never  left  these  cramped  tpiarters  for  any  purpose ;    he  was  also  noted 

Hermit,    for  his  long  nails,  matted  beard  and  hair  and  for  his  insensibility  to  cold,  since  he 
never,  in  the  coldest  weather  of  nine  winters,  came  near  to  a  fire. 

There  survives  a  beautifully  written  and  most  pathetic  petition 
which  illustrates  the  curious  custom,  which  jirevailcd  for  many  years, 
in  the  infant  commonwealth  of  selling  poor  white  jjcrsons,  or  entire 
families,  into  virtual  slavery  for  a  [leriod  of  years  to  satisfy  indebted- 
ness. 

To  THK  M.\N.V<;HRS  OF  THK  PKN  NSVI-VANI A   HoSI'ITAI.. 

The  Petition  of  Conrad  I.  Doer  the  Father  of  Mary  Elizabeth  IWnr.  .1  Chilrl  about 

13  years  of  Age,  a  Convalescent  in  your  Hospital. 
Pathetic  CJive  me  leave  Gentlemen  to  lay  before  you  a  true  State  oi  my  C.is,-. 

Petition  to  To  represent  to  you  my  deep  Concern  for  my  said  Daughter  and  that  I  may 

the  Managers  endeavour  to  move  your  goodness  to  gratify  the  natural  desire  of  a  Father  by 
restoring  to  him  his  darling  Child  which  is  now  in  a  better  Condition  than  when 
she  was  committed  to  your  Charitable  Care. 

I  embarked  on  board  the  Ship  Hero  with  my  late  dear  Wile  and  four 
Children.  My  said  Wife  and  one  Child  died  when  we  were  in  the  .Mouth  of  the 
River  Maase  and  my  unhappy  Daughter  was  at  the  moment  of  her  parting  with 
her  dear  Mother  seized  with  so  violent  a  flrief  as  would  not  yield  to  any  Comfort, 
her  Mind  was  disturbed  and  she  cried  Day  and  Night  etc. 

In  this  Condition  we  arrived  in  the  Port  of  Philadel|>hia,  when  Ralph  Foster 
the  Commander  of  the  Ship  tokl  me  she  must  be  brought  to  the  Hospital  and 
that  her  Cure  and   Maintenance  should  not  cost  me  a  I'eiiny.  In  whi<h  particular 


I  never  mistrusted  tile  Captain  As  tlie   Cleneral  notion  we  entertain  of  Hospitals 
in  Germany  is  tliat  tliey  are  foundeci  by  public  or  private  Benevolence  for  the    .^pppa]  ,jf  a„ 
relief  of  the   poor   unhappy   sick   and   that   never  anything  is  charged  to  their    unfortunate 
Account,  Except  in  the  Case  of  Rich  Pensioners  whose  relations  sometimes  agree    immigrant, 
with  the  Governors  of  such  Hos|)itals  for  a  better  accommodation  than  common. 

I  then  settled  with  the  ()w  ners  of  the  Ship,  all  the  Freight  money  for  my  poor 
Family  was  paid  to  them  So  that  the  Contract  between  the  Owners  of  the  Ship 
and  me  is  entirely  ended.     I  was  hound  a  Servant  for  the  Term  of  3  years  to 

Patten  Escj.  but  I  agreed  with  m\-  Master  tliat  I  would  Serve  him  one 

Year  longer  in  Case  he  would  suffer  a  little  Child  of  mine  3  years  Old  to  live  with 
his  Family  during  the  Term  of  my  Servitude. 

When  I  lately  had  an  Account  from  Philadelphia  that  my  Daughter  in  the 
Hospital  was  pretty  well  again,  I  addressed  my  kind  Master  to  give  me  leave  to 
fetch  my  Child  up  to  his  House  and  he  gave  me  leave  that  she  might  stay  si.>: 
Months  at  his  House  and  I  agreed  with  a  Neighbour  of  my  Master  to  maintain 
her  till  I  was  free.  So  having  provided  every  thing  for  the  reception  of  my 
Daughter  and  flattering  myself  how  soon  I  would  have  her  near  me  and  see  her 
daily,  I  came  to  the  Philadelphia  Hospital  and  was  told  that  the  Managers  would 
deliver  up  the  Girl  to  the  Owners  of  the  Ship  who  had  assumed  to  pay  for  her 
cure  and  Accommodation  and  that  these  Merchants  would  sell  her  for  the  Charges 
of  the  Hospital.  As  I  e.vpect  that  the  Captain  will  have  forgot  his  Word  he  gave 
me  when  I  gave  up  my  Daughter  to  the  Hospital,  or  put  me  off  with  an  Equivoca- 
tion that  it  will  not  cost  me  Money  but  that  it  must  cost  me  my  Daughter  who  is 
as  dear  to  me  as  my  own  Life,  As  I  expect  no  Mercy  from  the  Merchants,  who 
look  upon  poor  Germans  as  upon  other  Merchandize  and  as  the  obtaining  of 
Justice  against  them  if  they  should  attempt  to  sell  my  Child  against  my  will  is 
too  expensive  for  a  poor  Stranger,  .\11  My  hopes  is  in  you  Gentlemen  w  ho  preside 
over  the  Contributions  of  a  Wealthy  and  charitable  people  in  this  and  the 
neighbouring  Provinces. 

And  your  petitioner  humbly  prayeth  that  you  will  be  pleased  to  forgive  the 
Cost  of  Curing  and  Maintaining  my  poor  Child  and  not  to  commit  me  to  an 
Argument  with  Merchants  in  which  they  might  get  the  better  of  me  when  I  being 
a  poor  Servent  myself  may  be  unable  to  support  my  natural  Right  to  my 
Daughter 

.•\nd  your  Petitioner  shall  ever  pray. 

CoNR.\t)  I.   DiiKR. 

Phil.^delphi.a,  March  23.  1765. 

Altliougli  no  action  appears  upon  the  minutes,  it  is  reasonable  to 
suppose  from  their  previous  acts  of  kindness  towards  ])atients.  that 
the  Managers  did  not  refuse  to  grant  tiiis  pathetic  appeal  of  a  father 
for  his  child. 

Annuitants  have  always  been  noted  for  longevity  :  and  the  records    Longevity 
furnish  such   an    instance  of  tenacity   to  life   in   the  case  of  Josejjh    Illustrated. 
Mountz,  or  Maunz,  who  appears  to  have  been  mildly  insane.      Under 
the  plea  of  furnishing  him  with  a  comfortable  home  for  the  remain- 
der of  his  declining  years,  the  Managers  were  induced  to  consider  his 
admission  into  the  Hospital  as  a  boarder. 

The  first  entry  upon  the  minutes  relative  to  his  case  occurs  on 
November  26,  1764,  when 

135 


Aiiplycatioii  was  niadi-  l)y  C'hrisliaii  Rori'liaik,  on  bi-half  of  Josi-'pli  Mount/,  or 

A  I'aliinl    ^''""">  •''  'Vrson  livinj!  near   Kphrata,   or   Dnncan   Town,  aged  alxiut  Siviiily 

niakis  a  I  ifr    ^  '^'"''"'  ''"'''  '"  '">ve  tlirti'  or  four  liiindri-d  I'onnds  ;  hi-  desires  to  be  admitted  into 

Contract  for    V*^  Hospital  during  the  Reniaynder  of  liis  Life,  on  his  securing  to  the  fse  thereof 

llosi)ital    •'"  '"'*  '■-^'•"«^  which  shall  remain  after  his  Death— the  Settlement  of  which  applica- 

C"are     ''"'"  '''  recommended  to  the  Managers  for  the  tyme  being. 

On  .\pril  29tli,  1765.  Joseph  .Mount/,  having  visited  ye  Hospital  the  preceed- 
ing  week.  Renew  ing  his  application  to  agree  with  the  Managers  to  supply  him 
with  Competent  Support,  during  his  life  (he  now  being  about  Seventy  years  of 
age),  in  consequence  of  which  he  olVers  to  give  to  ye  Hospital  the  Sum  of  Three 
Hundred  Pounds  in  Cash  and  an  .^tnuiity  of  Si.\  INuinds  payable  every  \'e.'ir 
during  his  Lyfe.  it  is  now  .\greed  that  the  Monthly  Conunittee  should  .\dniit  him 
and  at  the  same  time  enter  into  an  .Agreement  with  him  in  writing,  expressing  the 
Terms  of  his  admission. 

Having  made  all  arrangcnient.s  lie  departed;  but  reappeared    at 

the   Hospital   on   June   24th,  about  two   months  afterward,  with  the 

))ro|)osition  that  he  he  allowed  to  enter  and  to  remain,   "  For  three  or 

four  Weeks,  in  order  to  try  if  ye  House  will  prove  Agreeable   to  him 

to  resyde  the  remainder  of  his  Days  in."     'i'his  was  also  granted  and 

his  exi)erience  having   proved  agreeable,   on   July   29.    1765,  it  was 

reported  that 

Joseph  Mouiitz  had  assyned  to  ye  Treasurer,  for  the  use  of  ye  Hospital,  a 
mortgage  and  Bond  from  one  David  Shark,  of  East  township,  Lancaster  County, 
for  the  payment  of /'iso,  date<i  ye  first  Day  of  May,  i~S9,  also  a  Bond  of  ye  s'd 
Shark  and  Henry  Huber  for  the  payment  of  ye  further  Sum  of  ^150,  dated 
ye  first  Day  of  May,  1764. 

On  August  26,  1765,  Joseph  Mountz  was  admitted.  In  17.SJ,  lie 
addressed  the  Managers  as  follows  : 

lUnllemeii. — I  have  been  in  this  Hospital  ever  sriice  May.  1765,  and  assigned 
for  the  fse  of  the  Institution  three  Hundred  Pounds  secured  to  me  by  Special- 
ties, which  Sum  the  Treasurer  has  undoubtedly  received,  and  Moreover  I  have 
also  transfered  to  the  same  Institution  an  .Annuity  of  Si.v  Pounds  which  is  due  to 
me  during  my  naturall  I^ife.  as  appears  by  the  Papers  in  your  Hands.  In  Consid- 
Comolainint!  c-ration  whereof  the  Managers  agreed  to  provide  for  me  a  Room,  Stove,  Wood, 
I  etter  to  the  Wearing  .Apparall  of  all  Sorts,  Meat,  Drink,  Washing,  Diet,  Medecincs  and  all 
M-micers  "t'"^""  Necessaries  during  the  term  of  my  naturall  Life.  Part  of  your  Kngagements 
you  have  comi)lied  with  and  others  Kntirely  neglected,  as  for  Cloaths  you  never 
found  me  any  one  Article.  I  am  now  95  years  of  Age  and  as  I  am  treated  with 
no  more  Respect  than  the  poor  ( )bjects  that  are  taken  into  the  Hospital  out  of 
Charity,  and  having  often  Complayned  and  my  Griviances  have  never  been 
redressed,  I  come  to  the  Resolution  to  leave  you  .And  beg  you  will  pay  me  yearly 
during  the  Term  of  my  Naturall  Life  the  Sum  of  twenty  Pounds.  I  beg  you  will 
favour  me  with  an  -Answer.  .And  if  you  will  grant  me  my  Request  I  will  go  into 
the  Country  in  about  two  Months  hence. 

Joseph  did  not  get  into  the  country  in  two  months,  as  he  did 
not  receive  an  answer  to  his  proposition  imtil  five  months  after  its 
receipt.     It  is  likdy  that  the  Managers  were  as   weary  of  Mountz's 

•36 


Annuitant 
Dies  a 
Centenarian. 


presence  in  the  Hospital  as  they  must  have  been  of  the  original  agree- 
ment made  with  him,  as  their  tardy  reply  was  in  these  terms : 

The  Managers  of  the  Hospital  are  Willing  that  Jos:  Mountz  may  };o  and  live    Ann\iity 
amonjj  his  Friends  and  they  will  engage  to  pay  Twenty  pounds  per  Annum,  dur-    ('.ranted, 
ing  the  Remainder  of  his  Life,  Provided  he  with  his  Friends  will  Indemnify  the 
Hospital  from  any  Claims  which  may  arise  by  reason  of  the  Contract  they  enter 
into  with  him,  when  he  first  ajiplied  to  be  admitted  into  the  Hospital. 

The  Treasurer  reports,  November  5,  1789,  that 

He  has  paid  since  last  Meeting,  thirty-four  Pounds,  14s  6d,  being  the 
balance  due  on  the  Life  Annuity  of  Twenty  Pounds  for  the  Support  of  Joseph 
Mountz,  who  entered  the  House  the  14th  Day  of  August  1765,  as  a  Patient  and 
was  afterwards  Boarded  Out  pursuant  to  agreement  made  the  27th  of  Xovember 
1783,  and  Died  on  the  22nd  Day  of  August  last,  1789,  at  Tulpehocken.  in  the 
County  of  Berks,  aged  about  One  hundred  Years. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  very  numerous  instances 
illustrating  the  generous  spirit  of  the  Managers  in  dealing  witli  poor 
])atients  : 

These  being  a  Charge  against  the  Security  of  Catherine  Eshrick  of  17  Beds,    Poor 
12  Blankets  and  some  window  Glass  which  she  Destroyed,  it  is  agreed  on  Account    Patients' 
of  her  inability  to  pay  the  debt  without  Distressing  her  very  much,  to  forgive  her    Debts 
the  charge  for  these  Articles.  Cancelled. 

The  Board  in  consideration  of  the  Poverty  of  the  Party  consents  to  Forgive 
the  Debt  due  for  the  support  of  George  Helmbold  late  an  Insane  Patient  of  this 
House. 

The  following  official  request  from  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor  of 
lower  Chester  County  was  granted  : 

Marcis  Hook,  Dec.  10,  1792. 

To  THE  MaN.AGERS  of  THE  HOSPITAL  AT  PHILADELPHIA. 

(iiii/lfinen. — As  the    Inhabitants  of    Lower   Chichester  have    by    an    act    of    patient 
Humanity  taken  an  L'nknown   Person   who  Appears  to  be  very   Insane  in  mind    Admitted 
who  has  been   travelling   up  and   down  the  road  in   this   neighbourhood   since    from  Chester 
Tuesday  last  and  has  severall  times  attempted  to  destroy  himself,  therefore  as  the    Countv. 
Inhabitants   have   applyd   to   me   as   a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  County  of 
Delaware  for  the   Relief  of  Said  unknown  Person,  think  it  most  .^dviseable  (as 
there  is  no  Conveniency  to  .\ccommodate  such  a  Person  in  the  town-ship,  where 
Humanity  has  Induced  them  to  receive  him,  to  prevent  the  Horrid  Idea  of  Self 
Destruction)  to  Recommend  him  to  the  Hospitality  of  the  Gentlemen  Managers 
of  the  Hospital  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  Hoping  that  the  same  principle  of 
Humanity  that  has  Induced  those  people  to  preserve  life,  may  also  Induce  the 
Managers  to  receive  such  a  Person  in  the  Hospital  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  as 
it  is  a  Convenient  Place  for  that  Purpose. 

The  Pa])ers  he  has  with  him  will  be  Delivered  you  b\'  the  bearer  Mr.  Charles 
Afflick.  We  have  been  Informed  that  he  was  not  long  since  a  liver  at  fort  Pitt, 
by  the  Name  of  Robert  Riddle,  as  his  Papers  seems  to  .-Appear. 

The  subject  was  admitted  December  12th  as  a  pay  patient,  but 
charges  for  board  and  funeral  expenses  were  abated.  The  poor  man 
died  December  29,  1792. 


Com|)aratively  few  citizens  of  Philatlclphia  are  aware  that  the 
A  I'rnmliicnt  wife  of  Stephen  Girard  resided  for  many  years  as  an  insane  patient  in 
I'aiiint.  fi^g  Pennsylvania  Hospital ;  that  she  gave  birth  to  a  daughter  while 
there,  shortly  after  admission ;  the  latter  died  in  infancy.  The 
mother  also  died  there  and  was  buried  on  the  grounds  at  the  back  of 
the  Hospital  building  at  Eighth  and  Fine  Streets,  where  her  remains 
still  rest,  the  spot  being  unmarked  by  monument  or  stone.  On 
December  31,  1790,  the  record  states  that  Mary  Girard,  a  lunatic, 
wife  of  Stephen  Girard  was  admitted  as  a  Paying  Patient, 
at  25.f  per  week.  In  January,  1791,  the  sitting  Managers  reported 
to  the  Hoard  their  apprehension  that  she  was  enceinte  and  they 
accordingly  reipiested  Mr.  Girard  to  remove  her  to  his  own  home; 
but  at  his  earnest  recniest,  she  wa.s  retained  in  the  Hospital.  On 
March  28,  1791,  the  minutes  state,  that 

Steptuii  On   the   jril    Instant,   Mary  tlu-  WilV  •>(  Sleplicn   Girard  was  delivered  liy 

Girard's    Dr.  Hutchinson   and   William    Gardner  of   a   Child,   named,  in  the  presence  of 
only  Child.    Edward  Cuthush  an<l  others,  Mary,  whicli  on  tlu-  7tli  Instant  was  put  out  to  Nurse 
with  John  Ilatiher's  Wife,  at  lov  I'er  Week. 

This  infant,  which  was  the  only  child  of  Philadelphia's  great 
benefactor,  died  August  26,  1791,  aged  5  months  and  23  days. 
The  funeral  expenses,  which  were  paid  by  the  Steward  of  the 
Hospital,  are  recorded  as  follows  : 

.•\u>;nst  27th.  1791. 
Mr.  Joseph  Henszey  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Dr. 
To  Joseph  Dolliy  fur  ye  Bnriel  of  Mary  Girard's  Child 

To  Gownd ,^,"2.    5.  o 

To  Minister's  .Attendance o.    6.  o 

To  Clark's            do.             o.    4.  6 

To  Bell o.    5.  o 

To  Grave o.    7.  6 

To  Invitations  o.  10.  o 

/',!•  ■■"'•  o 

Mrs   Mary  Girard  remained    a    patient,    until   her   death,  which 

occurred  September  13th,  1815,  after  she  had  dwelt  continuously   in 

Interments   the  Hospital  for  twenty-five  years.     .\t  the  request  of  Stephen  Girard 

in  the  g],g  ^^.j^5  |ji,|-ied  in  the  Hospital  enclosure.       Girard  gave  the  Hos|)ital 

Ground's    $^°°°  o"  October  30th,  1815,  and  bequeathed  the  Institution  $30,000 

by  his  will. 

Xear  the  resting  place  of  this  afflicted  woman  there  is  a  block 
of  marble,  surmounted  by  an  urn,  which  marks  the  grave  of  Charles 
Xicholes,  who  gave  the  Hospital  $5,000  with  the  express  condition 
that  he  should  be  buried  in  the  Hosijital  grounds.  The  marble  has 
engraved  ui)on  it  the  following  inscription  : 


SAMUEL  COATES. 


tat  r     MTtCUHST  «.,  FHflA. 


rX    MEMORY 

CHARLES  XICHOLES, 

born  in  the  Island  o(  Jfisry,  Nov.  1759  and  dk-d  in  Pliilailfiphia  liic.  31st,  1807. 

By  great  industry,  tecononiy  and  intejjrity  he  acquired  a  considerable  estate. 

FIVE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS 

of  which 

he  bequeathed  to  the 

PENNSYl^VANIA  HOSPITAL, 

and  the  residue  in  other  charities 

and  legacies  to  his  friends. 

His  body  is  interred 

In  compliance  with  his  request 

in  this  place. 

.\nd  this  monument  is  erected  over  it, 

by  permission  of  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital, 

in  order  to  perpetuate  his  name, 

by  one  of  his  E.vecutors. 

Samuel  Coates,  who  was  a  Manager  from  1785  to  1825,  always  .^  Manager's 
carried  with  him  a  rather  large,  leather-bound  memorandum  book,  f'i^'iy- 
in  which  he  noted,  in  ink,  his  reflections  upon  madness  and  his 
deductions  drawn  from  his  observations,  with  notes  of  the  histories  of 
especially  interesting  cases  and  incidents,  which  came  under  his  notice 
in  the  cells,  and  the  wards  for  the  insane.  Mr.  Coates  presented  this 
book  to  his  son,  Benjamin  H.  Coates,  who  was  one  of  the  attending 
])hysicians  from  1S2S  to  1841.  Some  of  these  annotations  are  of 
unusual  interest  and  show  marked  ability  in  Mr.  Coates  as  an  acute 
observer.     (See  also  page  72  for  other  Extracts.) 

Hannah  Lewis  was  born  on  the  west  side  of  ye  Schu\'lkill,  S  miles  from  Record  of 
rhiladeljihia.  Her  Parents  came  from  Wales,  among  the  first  Settlers  of  Pennsyl-  a  Case, 
vania  and  were  respectable  Friends.  Their  Children  lived  to  be  97,  95  &  SS 
years  of  age  re.spectively.  Her  Lunacy  was  attributed  to  Grief  at  the  death  of 
her  husband  and  became  apparent  by  her  preaching  in  Friends  Meeting  ;  on  the 
Court  House  Steps  &  other  public  Places.  Being  asked  why  her  Ministry  was 
not  acceptable  ?  She  replied  because  she  si)oke  through  a  trumpet  so  powerfully 
that  the  vulgar  herd  could  not  comprehend  her. 

When  the  late  Owen  Jones  by  Appointment  of  the  inontlily  Meeting  went  to 
dissuade  her  from  preaching,  she  Received  him  politely,  invited  him  to  set  down  & 
handed  him  a  glass  of  wine  with  a  biscuit.  She  then  made  a  prayer,  which 
being  finish'd,  She  immediately  reproved  him  as  an  unfit  person  to  treat  with  her, 
because  he  had  just  taken  the  Sacrament,  against  the  principles  which  he  i)ro- 
fessed  as  a  Quaker. 

She  w'd  neither  acknowledge  her  Fatlier  nor  Mother  &  denied  her  own 
Children.  She  called  herself  the  eldest  daughter  of  King  George  the  second  and 
made  severall  .'\ttem])ts  to  visit  him,  but  was  prevented  by  her  friends.  At  length 
slie  escaped  to  N.  York  with  her  jjlate  &  /*3oo  in  Cash.  There  she  concealed 
herself  in  a  Shiii.  and  was  not  discover'd  till  the  Vessel  was  several  Leagues  from 
the  Land. 

In  London  She  staid  a  few  Years,  confining  her  Visits  chiefly  to  the  (Jueen's 
Garden,  in  which  she  was  permitted  to  walk  6t  finally  her  Plate  and  the  Money 
spent,  &  debts  contracted  which  she  was  unable  to  pay,  she  Return'd  to  Philadel- 
phia ;  but  previous  to  embarking,  she  settled,  as  she   said,   her   Tribute  Money 

139 


with  liir  Katliir  tin.-  King  of  Gnat  Britain,  at  tin-  rate  of  3   half  picks  of  (lokl,  3 

Observations    ''•''"^   ptcks  of    Silsxr,    and   3   half  pecks   of  Copper   heaped    measure.     To   be 

upon  a  Case    rt^mitted    to   her   Annually,    free  of    Commissions,    from   every   Coinage  of  the 

of  Insanitv      Kingdoni.     This  she  applied   to  support   the    Pennsylvania    Hospital,  which  she 

called  her  Palace.      Here  she  allowed  her  domestics  to   live    in    S|ilendour,  equal 

to  the  rank  which  She,  their  Royal  Sovereinn.  held  in  the  World. 

Soon  after  Hannah  landed  from  Kngland,  she  took  possession  of  a  small  tene- 
ment in  VVillinn's  Alley,  a  Stone  building,  one  Story  high,  alxmt  12  feet  Square 
and  appear'd  to  have  been  raised  as  a  Summer  house  only  :  in  this  she  lived 
alone,  calling  it  her  Castle,  &  defen<linK  it  valiantly  against  the  rude  Ixjys.  The 
Antique  appearance  of  this  little  homestead  attracted  the  Notice  of  those  who 
approache<l  it,  being  Shrouded  over  its  one  window  and  the  Stoop,  with  Ivy  & 
creeping  Vynes — From  this  place  She  would  sally  forth  into  the  Streets,  brand- 
ishing her  wood  Sword,  on  many  Occasions. 

At  this  time  She  would  Attack  the  boys,  with  a  Silver  headed  Cane  which 
She  had  Imt.  of  the  late  Philip  Syng.  From  this  Castle  she  was  removed  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital.  Here  she  made  her  own  Cloaths,  selecting  scarlet 
or  some  bright  colour  for  a  border  to  her  Gowns  &  Pettiecoats,  which  She  cut  in 
Scollups,  half  up  to  her  Knees,  to  look  grand  and  be  distinguished  from  her 
Subjects. 

Hannah  could  eat  almost  anything  &  I  once  caught  her  eating  Mice. 

She  formerly  took  snufl'.  but  latterly  gave  it  up  for  the  tine  ground  Ginger, 
which  w'd  not  soil  her  Cloaths,  &  when  She  could  pass  a  pinch  to  a  Stranger 
under  Cover  of  the  dark,  she  wou'd  laugh  heartily  at  the  Notion  of  taking  them 
so  handsomely  by  the  Nose. 

The  infirmities  she  laboured  under  required  a  daily  .Allowance  of  Rum,  for 
the  last  twelve  years,  which  She  received  till  within  a  few  days  of  her  death  ;  her 
rations  was  one  Gill  of  Rum  p.  Diem,  |)ure,  which  She  mix'd  with  her  Tea.  CoflTee 
and  Gravy  at  dinner. 

From  her  Father  she  receive<l  a  good  Estate,  which  She  reduced  to  fifteen 
pounds  p.  .Annum  by  her  E.xpenses  to  England  &  by  her  Roving  about,  until  she 
was  sent  to  the  Hospital,  which  Sum  was  accepted  for  her  maintenance  Sc  where 
She  was  comfortably  supported  for  17  years,  or  until  the  89th  year  of  her  age, 
when  She  Died,  being  Confined  to  her  bed  only  3  or  4  days,  but  She  Never 
recover'd  her  Reason. 

On  e.xamining  her  Chest,  nothing  was  found,  e.\cept  her  Cloaths,  very  Clean  and 
carefully  put  up,  &  a  few  pieces  of  glass,  pebbles,  &c.,  which  She  Valued  as 
Jewells,  with  the  heads  (for  what  I  know)  of  One  hundred  thousand  Musquitoes 
and  Flies,  which  She  had  Decapitated  for  their  Presumption  in  daring  to  bite  the 
King's  Daughter.  S.  CoATKs. 

Another  patient  named  "  I'oUy"  Mr.  Coates  considered  one  of 
the  most  interesting  cases  of  insanity  in  the  Hospital : 

.Another  Polly — I  believe  it  is  forty  years  since  this  beautiful  Girl  first  was  brought  to 

interesting    the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.     Her  insanity  was  attributed  to  disappointment  in 
Case.    i,ove. 

One  Night  She  was  chained  to  the  floor  and  to  her  .Ancle  in  bed  :  in  this 
situation  with  a  saw  or  file.  She  separated  the  link  ne.xt  to  her  skin.  This  Secret 
She  kept  to  herself,  and  continued  in  bed,  holding  in  her  hands  the  Ends  of  her 
chains. 

In  the  morning  Doctor  Hutchinson,  passing  her  Cell  door.  She  called  to  him 
&  requested  a  favour,  that  heKould  shut  the  Window,  fgr.She  was  chilly  The 
Doctor  immcdiatelv  mounted  a  chair  it  drew    the  Sash  down;  but,  turning  his 


140 


Back  instead  of  his  face  to  the  patient.  Slie  slyly  Slipt  out  of  bed,  &,  before  he 
could  dismount  from  his  high  Station,  She  was  out,  &  bolting  him  in,  escaped  :    Escapades 
there  he  was  detained  the  best  part  of  an  hour,  calling  on  Dirk,  Tom  or  Harry,    ^f  ^  patient, 
any  one  he  cou'd  see  to  deliver  him  from  Prison. 

The  hue  and  Cry  for  Polly  was  soon  made ;  at  length  she  was  found,  wading 
up  to  her  knees  in  Mud  &  water,  thro'  the  mouth  of  the  Culvert  or  common 
Sewer,  into  the  Dock,  nearly  opposite  to  Joshua  Gilpin's  house.  Where  She  first 
entered  into  this  Subterraneous  passage,  I  do  not  remember,  tho'  I  recollect  her 
returning  in  high  Glee  to  her  old  quarters,  E.vulting  in  the  trick  she  had  played 
upon  the  doctor. 

The  apparently  mild  and  attractive  Charms  of  this  beautiful  Woman  were 
apt  to  lure  young  &  Old  into  long  &  familiar  Conversations  with  her.  She 
was  often  treacherous,  tho'  She  seemed  so  Agreeable — The  following  is  an 
Instance. 

One  day,  in  the  line  of  his  duty,  Dr.  Parke  paid  her  a  Visit — She  was  then  Dr.  Parke's 
rather  High — the  Doctor  view'd  her  with  Interest  &  continued  talking  with  her  K.tiierience. 
some  time,  during  this  interview,  which  seem'd  on  both  sides  agreeable,  I  have 
no  Doubt  but  Polly  was  preparing  to  finish  ;  for,  having  her  hand  in  her  pocket, 
while  he  was  speaking  to  her,  she  suddenly  thrusted  a  long  Knife  at  his  body 
which  She  pulled  out  unobserved  &  pierced  thro'  his  Coat  and  Jackett ;  and 
entering  the  Wall,  it  drew  from  it  a  triangular  plug  of  Mortar,  about  an  inch  in 
length  on  every  side  &  even  scraped  the  very  brick,  leaving  the  marks  of  the 
Knife  upon  it  for  severall  years  till  the  Chasm  w-as  filled.  The  Doctor,  I  e.xpect 
will  remember  this  freak,  which  cost  Polly  a  few  ounces  of  Blood. 

Many  Years  since,  I  was  walking  on  the  Commons  it  heard  a  great  Noise.    Interesting 
VV'here  it  came  from  I  could  not  tell,  but  list'ning  Attentively,  I  discovered  it  was    Case  Related 
from  the  blue  house,  and  directing  my  course  there,  I  found  it  to  be  the  Shouting    to  Mr.  Coates 
of  a  great  number  of  people.     The\'  were  Assembled  to  a  Bull  baiting,  which  in    by  Timothy 
those  days,  was  a  common  practice.  Matlacke. 

The  Animal  appeared  to  be  in  a  great  rage,  tho'  much  exhausted  by  the 
Dogs,  before  I  reached  the  Scene  of  Action.  Soon  after  I  got  there,  a  Small 
Mastiff  was  sett  on,  which  he  threw  about  ten  feet  high,  &  he  fell  to  the  Ground 
with  his  upper  Jaw  broke  &  Every  tooth  Out. 

A  short  rest  was  now  again  given  to  the  Bull,  when  a  i)resumptious  little 
Man,  to  shew  what  he  cou'd  do,  run  towards  the  Animal,  but  Returned  faster 
than  he  went,  for  the  creature  took  him  under  his  breech  &  tossed  him  about  12 
feet  from  the  end  of  the  Rope. 

A  New  pack  of  dogs  being  procured  to  renew  the  fight,  every  Eye  was  turned 
to  the  Onset. 

At  this  moment,  Polly  scaled  the  high  fence,  thro'  the  Cracks  of  which  she 
saw  the  battle  &  pitying  the  Bull,  She  pierced  unseen  thro'  the  Circle  &  ran  U|) 
directly  to  the  Ring  ;  and  w  ithout  Shoes  or  Stockings  on  ;  with  her  Bosom  all 
open;  her  neck  bare  And  her  beautiful  Ringlets  wildly  dangling  over  her 
Shoulders — her  other  Cloathing  was  her  Shift  only  and  a  white  pettycoat ;  so 
that  she  Appear'd  more  like  a  Ghost  than  a  human  Creature.  When  She  reached 
the  Bull,  Itho'  previously  &  almost  immediately  before,  he  was  in  a  Rage)  She 
Accosted  him  thus — "  Poor  Bully  !  have  they  hurt  you?  they  shall  not  hurt  you 
any  more,"  &  stroking  his  forehead  &  his  face  She  repeated  "they  shall  not. 
They  shall  not  hurt  thee."  This  was  indeed  Wonderful;  but  the  .■Vnimal's 
behavior  was  not  less  so,  for  he  no  Sooner  saw  her  approaching  him,  than  he 
dropt  his  Head  &  became  Mild  &  gentle,  As  tho'  he  knew  She  was  sent  to 
deliver  him. 


141 


Tlu-  wliolf  Conccjurst;  of  Spectators  saw  it,  aii<i  wi-re  Struck  with  Astoiiisli- 

Clinical    "'^"' — ""'  o"*^  "f  whom  tiari-d  to  enter  into  the  Ring  to  save  her  :  Init  Stood 

Histories.    fcinblinK  for  Polly's  Life,  afraid  to  stir  a  Step  and  even  to  follow  her  on  the 

Return,    when    she   darted    thro'   the    Rinj;,    thro'   Midst   of   the   dumb   Struck 

Company,  like  an  Arrow  from  the  Bow,  Over  the  hiyh  fence  aKain  to  the  Hospital 

from  which  She  elopeil. 

Saimiel  Coates  illustrated  his  "  i6th  Cause  of  Lunacy — Disap- 
IJointment,"  by  the  following  narrative  of  continuous  misfortune: 

Richard  Nesbitt  of  I.nndiin,  born  in  KuKland,  educated  at  Oxford  Collidge — 
From  London  he  went  to  the  Island  of  St.  Kitts  and  married  the  beautiful 
Frances  Clifton,  who  was  tho't  equal  if  not  Superior  to  any  lady  on  the  Island. 

Here  the  talents  of  younR  Nesbitt  soon  commanded  Attention.  The  house  of 
Frazer  and  Balentine  took  him  in  as  a  |)arlner  in  trade  aiifl  transacted  business 
for  some  Time  ;  but  met  with  Misfortunes  and  ]>roved  insolvent.  Thus  Richard 
lost  all  but  his  (jood  character. 

He  now  became  very  Serious,  and  made  preparations  for  the  (".own,  by 
advice  of  his  friends,  who  encouraged  him  to  K.vpect  by  it  three  or  four  thousand 
dollars  a  year  ;  With  this  View  he  sailed  for  London,  but,  when  he  was  on  the 
jjoint  of  taking  Orders,  he  was  Required  to  Subscribe  the  thirty-nine  Articles  ; 
but  in  Kood  Conscience  he  could  not  do  it.  .Vnd  therefore  he  Withdrew  his 
.Application  &  returned  to  St.  Kitts. 

Here  he  commenced  study  to  be  a  Lawyer,  >S:  was  well  instructed  in  it, 
under  the  celebrated  James  Stephens,  a  <listinj;uishecl  ( )rator  in  the  British  House 
of  Commons.  He  practiced  the  Law  for  some  time  on  correct  princi|)lts,  and 
acquired  Credit,  particularly  so  as  an  .Able  advocate  for  the  poor  and  oppressed 
.African  Slaves,  whom  he  often  Assembled,  and  ^ave  them  freely  his  Counsel  & 
advice.  Whether,  by  this  Conduct  he  e.'icited  the  Jealousy  of  the  rich  Planters, 
and  became  unpopular,  I  cannot  say,  but  he  grew  Weary  of  the  Law,  and 
declining  it,  left  the  Island  and  came  to  Philadelphia.  He  ne.xt  turned  Con- 
veyancer and  was  remarkably  distinguished  for  the  Neatness  and  Correctness  of 
his  Deeds,  but  growing  a  little  unsettled  in  his  mind,  he  quitted  this  Occupaliiin 
and  concluded  to  open  Store  at  Wilmington  on  the  Delaware. 

To  this  ])lace  his  Wife  Frances  followd  him  with  six  Children,  but  the  Store 
at  Wilmington  not  Answering  his  Expectations,  he  became  again  insolvent  and 
gave  it  uj). 

Disappointed  a  fourth  time,  he  turned  his  .Attention  to  Farming,  and  bought 
or  rented  a  Tract  at  Caltawissy,  in  the  Woods  of  Pennsylvania,  here  he  worked 
at  Manual  Labour,  but  the  hardships  he  endured  in  Clearing  and  cultivating 
New  Land,  did  not  accord  with  his  Constitution  ;  the  Consequence  was.  he 
failed  here  also. 

To  be  disappointed  Five  times  was  more  than  he  could  Well  bear  ;  he  became 
low  spirited  and  to  cut  the  Climax  short,  he  became  crazy,  &  is  Noir  a  poor 
Lunatick  In  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  Which  It  is  expected  he  Will  Kn<l 
his  Days. 

Poem  by  an  Soon    after  he   was  admitted,  he    wrote  the  following  touching 

Insane   \\^^^  {0  his  wife  : 
Patient.  RuiiAKi)  TO  Fr.\.ncks. 

Depriv'd  of  Liberty,  and  left  to  prove. 

The  bitter  want  of  Frances  &  her  love, 

( That  love,  which  wert  thou  present  to  bestow, 

Wou'd  sweetly  sooth  thine  hapless  Richard's  Woe,) 


142 


As  burdeii'd  witli  my  (jric-f,  I  sat  to  moiirii, 

Thy  Letter  came — Ah  why  not  thy  Return? 

Why  shon'd  the  fold,  which  pleas'd  I  took,  contain. 

The  Tale  of  Absence,  which  encreas'd  my  pain. 

While  I  a  double  weight  of  Sorrows  bear, 

Sever'd  from  thee,  and  kept  a  Pris'ner  here! 

Yet  if  Through  Anguish  of  a  tortur'd  mind. 

My  thoughts,  my  Acts  were  faulty  or  unkind. 

Though  great  my  errors,  great  has  been  tny  (Irief, 

And  Richard  looks  to  Frances  for  Relief. 

Think  then  in  Pity,  Love  and  tender  care, 

Upon  the  sufferings  I  am  left  to  bear 

And  seek  to  set  a  wretched  husband  free, 

Who  loses  but  too  much,  in  losing  thee. 

To  our  Dear  Children  now  let  me  return. 

To  use  a  Parents  labour  and  Concern, 

Long  have  I  felt  both  able  and  inclined, 

To  try  the  powers  of  Body  and  of  Mind, 

In  fit  employ  to  |)ass  thy  tedious  stay, 

Til  hap'ly  I  may  see  the  favor'd  day, 

Wlien  I  may  weep  for  Joy  it  own  me  bles't. 

To  hide  my  .\nguish,  Frances,  on  tliy  Breast. 

Many  other  extracts  from  Mr.  Coates'  note-book  might  be 
made,  but  the  above  will  be  sufficient  to  show  his  great  interest  in 
the  patients  and  in  the  study  of  insanity. 

Any  account  of  work  among  the  insane  would  be  of  little  value    ihunane 
if  it  failed  to  record  the  earnest,  zealous  efforts  in   their  behalf  made   W"'"'^"'^ 

bv   the  eminent  alienist,    Dr.    I5eniamin    Rush.     This   distintriiished    „'^',  '■"-'■'""" 

°  Rush. 

philanthropist  entered  the  service  ot  the  Hos]}ital,  as  attending  physi- 
cian, in  17S3,  and  served  the  institution  for  twenty-nine  years  and  ten 
months  continuously,  during  which,  under  his  personal  effort,  e.xample 
and  influence,  the  humane  and  judicious  treatment  of  the  insane 
received  an  impetus  which  unquestionably  prepared  the  way  for  the 
adoption  of  that  high  standard  of  care  which  now  prevails. 

Upon  entering  the  service  of  the  Hospital,  his  philosophical 
mind  was  attracted  toward  the  practical  study  of  insanity  and  his 
advanced  ideas  upon  this  subject  impelled  him  to  protest  forcibly 
against  the  many  prevalent  abuses  and  obstacles  in  the  way  of  rational 
modes  of  treatment.  In  this  connection,  the  following  extract  is 
worth  quoting. 

On  November  11,  1789,  a  communication  was  received  from 
Dr.  Rush  complaining  of  the  Cells  as  improper  places  in  which  to 
confine  the  Insane.      It  was  addressed  to  the  Board  of  Managers  : 

Genflemcn. — Under  the  conviction  that  the  patients  afflicted  by  Madness, 
should  be  the  first  objects  of  the  care  of  a  physician  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
I  liave  attempted  to  relieve  them,  but  I  am  Sorry  to  add  that  my  attempts  which 

>4,; 


at  lirsl  proniisi'il  simu-  linpnivtimnt  win-  simii  alurwards  riiidiTi'd  AlH>rlivi.-  liy 

Api.^^al  t..  tin-    ""••  C«;"«  "f  ">^-  •'•"^I'it""- 

.,  Thtst  apartnu-iUs  an-  (lamp  in  Winter  «:  luo  warm   in   Snmmir.     Tliiy  an- 

mori-ovcr  so  i-onslituted,  as  not  to  admit  readily  of  a  chanKe  of  air ;  lii-nce  tlit- 

sniell  of  thcni  is  both  oflcnsivi-  and  unwholcsonif. 

Few  patients  have  ever  l)een  confined  in  these  Cells  who  have  not  been 
affected  by  a  cold  in  two  or  three  weeks  after  their  confinement,  and  several  have 
died  of  C'onsumpticm  in  consequence  of  this  cold. 

These  facts  beinn  clearly  establishefl,  I  conceive  that  the  appropriatinj;  of  the 
Cells  any  longer  for  the  reception  of  mad  people  will  be  dishonourable  both  to 
the  Science  and  Humanity  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

Should  more  wholesome  apartments  be  provided  for  them,  it  is  more  than 
probable  that  many  of  them  minht  be  Relieved  by  the  use  of  remedies  which  have 
lately  been  discovered  to  be  effectual  in  their  disorder. 

With  Kreat  respect,  I  am,  (".enllemeii,  your  friend  and  humble  servant, 

Bknj.vmin   Risii. 

On  Jantiary  7,  1792,  it  was  resolved 

To  I'etition,  or  remonstrate  the  deneral  .Assembly,  settinK  forth,  the  necessity 
of  completing  the  Hospital  and  re<|UestinK  Assistance  to  enable  the  Contributors 
to  accomplish  it  in  such  a  manner  as  to  answer  the  humane  intentions  of  the 
original  Founders. 

Ilie  favorable  action  of  the  Assembly  lias  already  been  men- 
tioned.     (See  page  66. ) 

An  obligation,  in  the  form   re(|iiire(l   liy  (he  (Governor,   and   fur- 
nishing the  required  security  was  prepared,  and  was  read  and  approved, 
at  the  Contributors'   Meeting,  May  13,  1793.     The  Treasurer  having 
Appro    reported  later  that  he  had  secured  from  the  State  Treasurer  the  sum  of 
liri.ation   ^10,000  ;  this  with  other  sums,  which  had  been  contributed  and  paid. 
Received,    ^ere  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Building   Committee   for   the   "  E.\- 

tended  Buildings." 

Kpidemic  The  routine  service  of  the  Hospital   was  very  much   interrupted 

of  Yellow   about  this  time  by  the  presence  of  an  epidemic  in  the  city,  which 

Fever,   obliged  many  of  the   Managers   and    physicians   to    leave  the  city. 

Business   was   in    great    measure   suspended    owing   to    the   breaking 

out  of  yellow  fever,  which  prevailed  from  August,  1793,  to  the  9th  of 

September,  during    which   "  upwards  of  4,000  persons  died    in  the 

City  and  Liberties."     (See  account  of  Yellow  Fever,  p.  69.) 

December  30,  1793,  the  subject  of  building  the  west  wing  was 
resumed,  and  the  committee  was  instructed  to  complete  as  soon  as 
Ijossible  an  estimate  of  a  plan  "which  will  include  a  double  range  of 
Cells  underground,  and  on  the  two  first  floors  above,  in  the  western 
division,  with  an  area  on  the  north  and  south  sides." 

On  February  27,  1797,  Drs.  Rush  and  Physick,  in  addition  to 
their  usual  duties,  offered  to  take  under  their  own  care  every  lunatic  in 
the  Hospital  who  was  not  the  jjarticular  patient  of  any  other  physician 

144 


of  the  house,  for  one  year,  "provided  it  meets  with  the  approbation 

of  the  managers  and  physicians."  TiL-atment 

A  copy  of  this  proposal  was  handed  to  each   of  the  physicians,   <jf  t'li^  l"sane. 
"  who,  if  they  approve  thereof,  are  desired  to  signify  their  assent  by 
subscribing  their  names  to  it,"   which  was  accordingly  done. 

For  the  period,  these  were  most  excellent  accommodations  for 
the  insane;  but  the  more  turbulent  were  kept  in  the  basement  cells, 
directly  underneath ;  which,  however,  were  superior  to  the  cells  in 
the  eastern  basement. 

Until  towards  the  close  of  the  last  century  the  same  simple  and  ininrmal 
informal  mode  of  commitment  of  insane  to  the  Hospital  prevailed  as  Comniitinent. 
during  the  earlier  years.  The  Managers  were  authorized  to  receive 
patients,  after  reading  a  line  of  opinion  from  one  of  the  attending 
physicians  tliat  the  subject  was  a  proper  one  for  admission,  and, 
a  bond  was  required  of  the  patient's  next  friend,  as  in  the  form 
hereafter  to  be  quoted.  No  comprehensive  lunacy  law  appeared  on  the 
Statute  Book  until  1869.  The  common  law  and  the  unwritten  laws 
of  necessity  and  humanity  regulated  admissions  ;  while  the  word  of 
the  attending  physician  afforded  the  only  means  of  discharge,  save  by 
death,  or,  exceptionally,  by  escape. 

Hastily  written  upon  a  little  piece  of  chance  paper  is  the  follow- 
ing commitment  : 

Jas.  Sproul  is  a  proper  patient  for  tlu-  Peiitis\'lvaiiia  Hospital. 

Bkn),  Rush. 
Very  little  survives  concerning  the  treatment  of  the  insane  during 
the  stormy  period  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution  and  especially  during 
the  time  when  the  British  soldiers  occupied  the  Hospital  with  their 
sick  and  wounded.  The  insane  remained  in  the  cells,  and  were  cared 
for  in  some  fashion,  under  great  difficulties,  by  Dr.  George  Weed,  the 
Steward  and  Apothecary.  How  nearly  the  Hospital  approached 
absolute  ruin  and  dissolution  at  this  time,  and  how  heroically  the 
Managers  behaved  under  the  infliction,  and  how  courageously  they 
carried  out  the  work  of  restoration,  is  elsewhere  recounted. 

In  179S,  Dr.  Rush,  in  pursuance  of  his  plans  for  the  amelioration    pr.  Rush 
of  the  insane,  again  addressed  the  Board  of  Managers  upon  the  subject   recommends 
which  lay  so  near  his  heart  :  Improve- 

April  30tl),  179s.  »"?'"s  in 

Mr.  Coates  will  please  to  recollect  the  following  Propositions  to  be  laid  before    Treatment 
the  Managers  for  the  Benefit  of  the  .'Asylum  for  Mad  people,  viz  :   ist.  Two  Warm    '^"''  Occupa- 
and  two  Cold  Bath  rooms  in  the  lowest  floor — all  to  be  Connected  ;    also  a  jmmp    "°"  '"r  the 
in  the  Area  to  supply  the  Baths  with  Water.  Insane. 

2nd.  Certain  Employments  to  be  devised  for  such  of  the  deranged  people  as 
are  Capable  of  Working,  spinning,  sewing,  churning,  &c.  might  be  contrived  for 
the  Women  :  Turning  a  Wheel,  particularly  grinding  Indian  Corn  in  a  Hand  Mill, 

145 


for  food  for  llu-  Horse  or  Cows  of  the  Hospital,  ciitlinK  Straw,  wcaviiiR,  diKRing 
in  the  Garden,  sawing  or  plaining  hoards  See.  &c.  would  he  Useful  for  the  Men. 

Hknj.  RlSH. 

Trivial  as  such  an  entry  may  read  in  a  historical  work,  these 
propositions,  as  to  sanitary  cleanliness,  bath-treatnicnt,  and  congenial 
employment,  were  steps  in  a  great,  and  until  then,  almost  unheard  of 
reform  in  the  care  of  the  insane.  I'ersonal  cleanliness  and  daily 
occupation  for  the  insane,  as  a  class,  had  not  been  attempted  in  this 
country  i)reviously,  although  now  the  rule  in  all  reputable  institu- 
tions for  the  insane. 

The  character  of  the  attendants  upon  the  insane  at  the  period 
now  under  consideration,  was  quite  in  keeping  with  the  class  of  accom- 
modations provided.     The  following  minute  gives  an  ai)t  illustration 
of  the  demands  made  upon  the  time  of  the  nurse  in  charge  of  the  ward. 
Diverse  In    1 757,    the   Managers   appeared    to    be   impressed    with    the 

Services  necessity  of  selecting  a  man  as  Cell-Keeper  with  some  reference  to  his 
f^''"  ti     special  fitness  and  to  define  his  duties,  as  the  following  minute  records  : 

.Attendants.  Oct.  6,  1757. 

.\fter  some  Conversation  with  Jona.  Norton  (he  being  willing  to  take  Care  of 
ye  Lunaticks)  to  use  his  Endeavours  to  oblige  the  Patients,  to  observe  the  Rules 
of  the  House,  to  assist  the  Matron  in  the  general!  Care  of  the  Patients,  &  in 
Marketing,  to  keep  ye  Garden  &  Lotts  in  Order,  &  Diverse  other  Services  now 
mentioned  to  him,  agreed  with  him  for  the  Term  of  one  Year  Certain,  from  the 
13th  of  this  Month  at  the  Rate  of  thirty  pounds  Per  Annum  Wages,  &  in  case  of 
any  Dissatisfaction  on  either  Side  to  give  three  Months  Notice,  before  he  shall  be 
at  Liberty  to  (juitt  the  Service,  or  the  Hoard  to  discharge  him. 

Norton  found  these  "Diverse  Services"  wearing,  and,  on  July 
3:,  1758,  demanded  an  increase  of  wages  to  ^£50  per  year,  otherwise 
he  would  "quitt."  His  reipiest  was  complied  with.  What  the 
insane  patients  were  doing,  or  who  minded  them,  while  he  was 
assisting  the  Matron,  going  to  market,  digging  in  the  garden,  etc.,  is 
not  stated. 
Servant  In  the  year  1775,  it  apjjears  that  an   indentured  servant  acted  as 

employed  as  thg  Cell-Keeper  for  some  time,  before  the  Managers  discovered  it. 

...itiiL.f  T'"^  Managers  being  informed  that  the  Steward,  John  Saxton,  alx)ut  a  Month 

since  Bought  a  Servant,  who  has  since  been  employed  as  a  Cell-Keeper,  without 


the  knowledge  of  the  Managers  :— the  Steward  was  acquainted  that  under  these 
Circumstances  they  did  not  think  him  Entitled  to  any  Wages  for  the  time  passed, 
but  that  they  would  Allow  him  at  the  Rate  of  .^20.  in  future  Per  Annum  :  untill 
his  time  is  out,  which  he  agreed  to. 

The  salaries  paid  certainly  were  not  extravagant.     On  April  26th, 
1779: 

.\n  applic.-ition  in  Writing  from  Ale.Nander  Long,  the  Cell- Keeper,  was  laid 
before  the  Board  requesting  an  .Addition  to  his  Salary.  It  was  agreed  to  Allow 
him  eighteen  Dollars  Per  month  from  this  Date. 

146 


Mr.  Long  soon  after  this  advancement  resigned  and  was  succeeded 
by  Thomas  Little  and  his  wife.    The  term  "  Keeper  "  perhaps  exactly    nuties  of 
described  the  function  of  persons  then  employed  to  attend  the  insane.    '^'^'^P'^''  °' 
They  were  hired  to  keep  the  patients  and  their  cells  clean,  to  perform 
all  the  menial  drudgery  which    that    involved,  to   watch    the  lunatics 
when  they  exercised   in   the  yard  and   keep  those   who  worked  about 
the  garden  and    lots    from  running  away.     One  of  their  chief  duties 
was  to    preserve   discipline  and    order  among    the  unruly,  which  was 
done  with  a  strong   hand  and  in  a  punitive  spirit.     The  insane  were   Various 
chained  to  rings  of  iron,  let  into  the  floor  or  wall  of  the  cell,  or  were   ^"'"^^  of 
restrained  in  hand-cuffs  or  ankle-irons ;  and  the  straight-waistcoat,  or  ..     , 
"  Madd-Shirt,"  was  in  frequent  requisition.     This  was  a  close-fitting, 
cylindrical    garment   of  ticking,    canvas,    or  other   strong    material, 
without   sleeves,    which,    drawn    over   the   head,  reached   below  the 
knees,  and  left  the  patient  an  impotent  bundle  of  wrath,  deprived  of 
effective  motion.      In  the  earlier  years,  it  was  not  considered  improper 
or  unusual  for  the  keeper  to  carry  a  whip  and  to  use  it  freely.     These 
methods  begat  violence  and    disorder  in    the  insane,  who  were  then, 
for  that  reason,  a  much  more  violent   and    dangerous  class  than  they 
now  are,  and  the  keeper's  life  was  neither   an   idle   nor  a  happy  one. 
From  the  number  of  his  duties,  about  the  house  and  grounds,  uncon- 
nected with  the  care  of  the  insane,  it  is  evident  that  the  patients  must 
have  passed  the  greater  part  of  their  time  locked  up  in  the  cells. 

In  1782,  a  patient,  in   a  letter   addressed  to  the  Mapagers,  says:    illustrations 
"  I  am  Confined  here  in  Chains   at    the    instance  of  a  Relative  of  my   of  Treatment 
Wife's — I  hope  you  will  Desire  the  Steward   to  unchain  me  ;  but,  as   ^  Century 
his  Duty,  he  could   do   no    Less."     Later    he    writes — "  The  present 
serves  to  Inform  you  that  pursuant  to  your  Orders,  I  am  Unchained." 
The  spirit  of  humanity  was  doubtless  as  strong  in    those  early  days  as 
it  is  with  us;   but  the  ideas  as  to  what  constituted  humane  care  were 
very  different ;  they  were  in  process  of  gradual  evolution  from  primi- 
tive modes  of  life  and  crude  social  customs  to  the  advanced   ideas  of 
non-restraint  and  kind  treatment  which  now  prevail.      Some  curious 
old  hospital  bills   that  have  been   preserved,  throw   a  side-light  upon 
the  methods  of  management  of  insane  patients  at  that  time  in  use  : 
Mr.  HiGGiNS  (tlie  Steward) 

Noveml)cr  iSth. 

To  Peter  Field,                        Dr.  /■  s.  d. 

To  making  a  strait  Jackcoat o  11  3 

To  i'/i  yd.  ol  Ticken,  at  6i.  6rf.  yd i  2  9 


1     14 

This  is  endorsed  "  Straight  Jacket  for  Bowey." 


147 


April  27tli.  1705.     l'ai<l  I'l-ttr  Kii-lil  for  7  StniiKlit  Waislmats  £•,      J    (> 

Jiiiu-  29tli.               To  ultitiwashiiig  ye  Wards 0146 

Til  a  Spinning  Whi-rl o     14 

To  WcaviiiK  60  ytls.     Linni-n  Cloth  .    ...  i     '5 

Hiimaniiy <>!'  Ii  is  intere>ting  to  note  how  leniently  disjjosed  were  the  early 

the  Judiciary   j„ji(-iary  toward  insane  persons  who  were  charged  with  crime. 

shown  in  «■>..-    ,^      >  ■     ■     ^ 

Commitment  "    '7°^'    "•  ''■  '"    Bucks    Lounty,    was    tried    for   murder   and 

of  an  Insane  acquitted  on  the  ground  of  insanity.     Chief  Justices   McKean,  Atlee 

Person,   and  Bryan  wrote  to  ihe  Managers  in  relation  to  this  case  : 

As  his  insanity  still  continues  and  he  is  not  eijihteen  years  of  age,  and  has 
frequent  lucid  intervals,  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  he  may  be  restored  to  his 
reason  bv^jroper  nianaj;eineiu. 

He  was  received  into  the  Hos|)ital. 

First  The  records  do  not  indicate  that  suicide  among   llie  insane  was 

instaiite  ^j-  ,„Qf^.  frequent  occurrence  in  these  earlier  davs  than  at  the  present 

of  Suicide        .  ^  r    ■,  .■         •  '        •       TT         •      1  1  • 

time.     One  of  the  earliest  instances,  however,  in   the  Hospital  history 
was  on  April  29,  1765  .- 

Died — Paul  Harbyson,  a  I.unatick.  who  handed  himself  this  day. 

Copy  of  Commitment  by  Judge  McKean,  written  on  the  back 
of  the  usual  certificate  of  insanit\ . 

Pennsylvania  : 

It  appcarinji  to  me  from  inspectit>n,  e.\amination  &  other  evidence,  that 
Mr.  W.  John  Leonard  Deneufville  is  by  the  visitation  of  God  in  a  state  of  lunacy  & 
derangement,  and  that  it  is  dangerous  as  well  for  himself  as  others  that  he  shouhl 
in  his  present  state  of  mind  be  at  large,  I  do  hereby  authorize  &  empower  any 
Constable,  or  other  discreet  Citizen  to  take  him  the  said  John  Leonard  Deneuf- 
ville anil  him  convey  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  wKere  he  is  to  be  delivered  to 
the  Steward  thereof  and  treated  with  humanity  and  as  other  Lunatics  are,  until 
he  shall  be  thence  legally  discharged  by  due  course  of  Law.  Given  under  my 
hand  &  Seal  at  Philadelphia  the  i.^th  day  of  January  1797. 

Thos.    M'Kkan. 

'l"he  above  is  the  endorsement  on  the  back  of  the  admission 
paper  signed  by  Rush,  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 

The  guiding  spirit  of  Dr.  Rush  was  fretpiently  manifested  in 
initiating  reforms,  as  will  be  noted  in  his  suggestion  to  the  other 
members  of  the  staff  to  unite  with  him  in  the  following  : 

Reforms  First  Month   3rd.  1803 — The   Physicians   recommend   that   a   Well  qualified 

suggested.  Person  be  employed  as  a  Frieinl  and  Companion  to  the  Lunatics,  whose  business 
it  shall  be  to  attend  them  and  when  the  Pliysirians  direct  their  Fnlargement,  to 
see  them  safe  to  their  Apartments. 

The  Managers  acceded  to  this  reasonable  request  and  the  Steward 
was  directed  to  hire  such  a  person.  Again,  on  September  24,  1810, 
he  addressed  the  following  letter  to  the  Board  : 

148 


JPWadtlphia^  J^  ,^yj.  /Ty.  ^ 

being  al; 
a  a  proper  Pitlent  for  t?i«  Pennfylva/iia  HofpitaK 


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,<::x,,,-^  :  Jt^i  L^v^^l/£e.  being  affliaed  wIA   f-i--^^e.<^^9ij^M    ^-''|j 

tient  for  tlia  PcnnrTlTaBJfi  Hr.ff,;«i  .  *^  v  ,' 


T>    /iAv^. 


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...   „  ^.    .                                       being  admitted  a  Patjent  into  the  Pem». 
J^tvam»Hofp.(aI  at  my       Requeft.  y      do  hereby  promif?  to  provide  Z^^ 
/      V,r      .  ,           ^'^^^'      ^^-^  °^^'-  Clo'hing.  fdfficfent  and  faitabte  for 
.     o  "  ^  ^  ""'* '  '"  P'^  'o/"-^'"^  H'gg'"-".  Steward  of  the  faid  Hoftihf, 
or. to  hjs  Succeflbr  in  Office,    ^^^  r?f^  -^iC-^^/^ .__ 

per  Week  for  Board,  during    ^>     Contin'uance  there ;  to  caufe  yi^^  to  b<, 
WITNESS  /«^    Ha„d,tha   ;^^^^^     Day  of^_^  /^^^ 


Rofpitah      ^^^^i^^^y  ^^^^^Pa..eDt.nto.hePennfyIvvia 


Ti 


X-'. 


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A  CERTIFICATE  OF  INSANITY,  OF  1797, 

Signed  by  Dr.  Benj.  Rush,  with  obligation  by  a  friend  of  the  Patient,  and  an  orde'  for 

admission,  directed  to  the  Steward  from  a  Manager. 

On  the  reverse  side  of  this  page  is  the  Endorsement  and  Order  of  tne  Court, 

With  signature  of  Judge  McKean. 


.  avtiUBst  CO..  rHim. 


J     i^ftn^^{i^ji^^A.iY 


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t.J  ^j 


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K^/ /'^  >-^  >     -"/J    ^^-^^      ^,/'-   -^  /^  \ 

) 


Genllemcn  : — When  our  late  illustrious  fellow  Citizen  Dr.    Franklin  walked 
out  from  his  house  to  lay  the  foundation  stone  of  the   Pennsylvania   Hospital,  he    j  ^tter  from 
was  accompanied  by  the  late  Dr.  Bond  and  the  Managers  and  Physicians  of  the    jj^    Rush 
Hospital.     On  their    way    Dr.    Bond    lamented    that    the    Hospital    would    allure    j„  jj,^ 
strangers  from  all  the  then  provinces  in  America.      Then  (said  Dr.  Franklin)  our    ji;,iia<rers 
institution  will  be  more   useful  than  we  intended  it  to  be. — This  answer  has  been    ^^.jj], 
verified  in  a  remarkable  manner,  and  particularly  in  the  relief  our   Hospital   has    j,„|,(,riant 
afforded   to    persons   de]>rived  of  their    reason    from    nearly    all  the  States  in  the    SuKKestions. 
Union.     As  great  ini|)rovements    have  taken  place  in  the  treatment  of  persons  in 
that    melancholy    situation,  within   the  last  thirty  years,  I  beg   leave   to    lay    an 
account  of  them  before  you,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  obtain  them,  from  the 
histories  of  Asylums  for  mad  people  in  foreign  countries,  as  well  as  from  my  own 
e.vperience  during  five  and  twenty  years  attendance  upon  that  class  of  |>atients  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

By  adopting  them,  we  may  e.xtend  tlu-  usefulness  and  reputation  of  the 
hospital,  and  thus  contribute  to  add  to  the  high  character  our  city  has  long 
sustained  for  wise  and  benevolent  institutions. 

The  improvements  which  I  wish  respectfully  tcj  submit  to  your  consideration 
are  as  follow  : 

1.  That  small  and  solitary  buildings  be  erected  at  a  convenient  distance  from 
the  west  wing  of  the  hospital,  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  the  high  and  dis- 
tracted state  of  madness,  in  order  to  prevent  the  injuries  done  by  the  noises  to 
persons  in  the  recent,  or  convalescent  state  of  that  disease,  and  to  patients  in 
other  diseases,  by  depriving  them  of  sleep,  or  by  inducing  distress  from  sympathy 
with  their  sufferings. 

2.  That  separate  floors  be  approjiriated  for  each  of  the  se.\es. 

3.  That  certain  kinds  of  labour,  e.xercise  and  amusements  be  contrived  for 
them,  which  shall  act  at  the  same  time  u])on  their  b<xliesand  minds.  The  advan- 
tages of  labour  have  been  evinced  in  foreign  hospitals  as  well  as  our  own,  in  a 
greater  number  of  recoveries  taking  place,  among  that  class  of  people  who  are 
employed  in  the  ordinary  work  of  the  hospital,  than  in  persons  elevated  by  their 
rank  in  life  above  the  obligations  or  necessity  of  labour.  E.\ercise  and  amuse- 
ments should  be  the  substitutes  for  labor  in  such  persons.  The  amusements 
should  be  Swinging,  Seesaw,  riding  a  hobby  horse,  or  in  what  are  called  flying 
Coaches,  playing  at  Chess  and  checkers,  listening  to  the  music  of  a  flute,  or 
violin  and  in  making  short  excursions  into  the  City,  or  Country.  Perhaps  kinds 
of  labor  might  be  discovered  for  every  class  of  mad  i)eople,  of  such  a  nature  as 
to  afford  a  small  addition  to  the  funds  of  the  hospital. 

4.  That  an  intelligent  man  and  woman  be  employed  to  attend  the  diflTerent 
sexes,  whose  business  shall  be  to  direct  and  share  in  their  amusements  and  to 
divert  their  minds  by  conversation,  reading,  and  obliging  them  to  read  and  write 
upon  subjects  suggested  from  time  to  time  by  the  attending  i)hysicians.  While 
we  admit  Madness  to  be  seated  in  the  mind,  by  a  strange  obliquity  of  conduct, 
we  atteni))!  to  cure  it  only  by  corporeal  remedies. — The  disease  affects  both 
the  body  and  mind,  and  can  be  cured  only  by  remedies  applied  to  each  of 
them. 

5.  That  no  visitor  be  i>ermitted  to  converse  with  or  even  to  see  the  mad 
people  (the  Managers  and  oflJicers  of  the  hospital  excepted),  without  an  order 
from  the  attending  jihysicians  unless  he  de])ute  that  power  to  one  of  the  resident 
.\pothecaries.  Many  evils  arise  from  an  indiscriminate  intercourse  of  mad  people 
with  visitors,  whether  members  of  their  own  families,  or  strangers.  They  often 
complain  to  them  of  the  Managers,  officers  and  physicians  of  the  hospital,  and  at 

149 


Reforms 
iirgcU  by 
Dr.  Rush. 


times,  in  so  rational  a  manner  as  to  induct;  a  belief  that   their   tales  of  injustice 
and  oppression  are  true. 

Madness  moreover  which  nii^ht  have  been  concealed  in  individuals  and  in 
families,  is  thereby  made  public.  Nor  is  this  all.  The  anticipation  of  being 
exposed  as  a  spectacle  to  idle  and  sometimes  to  impertinent  visitors  is  the  chief 
reason  why  our  hospital  is  often  the  last,  instead  of  the  first  retreat  of  persons 
affected  by  Madness.  I  would  rather  die  (said  a  young  Rentleman  of  respectable 
connections  in  our  City,  a  few  years  ago,  who  felt  the  premonitory  signs  of  that 
disease)  than  to  be  gazed  at  and  pitied,  in  the  cell  of  a  hospital.  To  prevent  this 
poignant  evil  he  discharged  a  musquet  ball  thro'  his  head,  a  few  days  after- 
wards. 

6.  That  a  number  of  feather  beds  and  hair  matrasses,  with  an  arm  chair  be 
provided  for  the  use  of  the  cells  of  all  those  persons  who  pay  a  liberal  price  for 
their  board,  and  whose  grade  of  madness  is  such  as  not  to  endanger  any  injury 
being  done  to  those  articles. 

7.  That  each  of  the  cells  be  provided  with  a  dose  Stool  with  a  pan  half  filled 
with  water,  in  order  to  absorb  the  fcetor  from  their  evacuations.  The  inventor  of 
this  delicate  and  healthful  contrivance  (Dr.  Clark  of  New  Castle,  in  England) 
deserves  more  from  humanity  and  Science,  than  if  he  had  discovered  a  new 
planet.  Figure  to  yourselves,  (Jentlemen,  the  sufferings  of  persons  in  a  small 
room  from  inhaling  the  factor  of  their  stools  for  hours  after  they  have  been  dis- 
charged into  a  Chamber  Pot !  Contrast  the  difference  of  this  situation  w  ith  that 
in  which  those  persons  passed  days  and  nights  of  sickness  and  imifinement  in 
their  own  houses ! 

But  other  and  greater  evils  have  followed  the  use  of  Chamber  Pots  in  the 
cells  of  our  hospital.  A.  VV.  Searle,  in  Salem  in  Massachusetts,  lost  his  life,  in 
1794  in  consequence  of  the  mortification  of  a  wound  upon  his  buttock  brought  on 
by  one  of  them  breaking  under  him,  and  there  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  the 
malignant  fever  of  which  George  Campbell  died  in  the  month  of  August  last,  was 
induced  by  his  being  constantly  exposed  to  the  exhalations  from  the  fa:ces  of 
mad  people,  in  emptying  their  chamber  pots  and  cleaning  their  cells.  lam  aware 
that  it  would  be  impracticable  to  carry  into  effect  all  the  matters  suggested  in 
this  letter,  in  the  Present  State  of  the  funds  of  our  hospital,  but  the  comfort  of 
the  mad  |)eople,  and  the  reputation  of  the  institution  are  inseparably  connected 
with  the  immediate  adoption  of  Some  of  them.  There  is  a  great  pleasure  in 
combatting  with  success  a  violent  bodily  disease,  but  what  is  this  pleasure  com- 
pared with  th.at  of  restoring  a  fellow  creature  from  the  anguish  and  folly  of  mad- 
ness, and  of  reviving  within  him  the  knowledgeof  himself,  his  family,  his  friends 
and  his  God  !  But  where  this  cannot  be  done,  how  delightful  the  consideration  of 
suspending  by  our  humanity,  their  mental  and  bodily  misery. 

Degraded  as  they  are  by  their  disease,  a  sense  of  corporeal  pleasure,  of  joy, 
of  gratitude,  of  neglect,  and  of  injustice  is  seldom  totally  obliterated  from  their 
minds. 

I  shall  conclude  this  letter  by  an  appeal  to  several  members  of  your  board  to 
vouch  for  my  having  more  than  once  suggested  most  of  the  above  means  for  the 
recovery  and  comfort  of  the  deranged  persons  under  your  care,  long  before  it 
pleased  God  to  interest  me  in  their  adoption,  by  rendering  one  of  my  family  an 
object  of  them. 

I  am,  Gentlemen,  with  great  respect  and  esteem 

Your  sincere  friend  and  Servant, 

Benj.  Rush. 
September  24th,  1810. 


150 


A  committee  was  immediately  appointed  to  consider  this  com- 
munication and  report  to  the  Board.       On  October  lo,  1810,  their    Report  on 
report  was  made,  as  follows  :  ^^-  ^^^^  ^ 

Recommen- 

Your   Committee  appointed  to  report  on  a  Communication  from  Dr.   Benj.    dations. 
Rush  feel   a   Satisfaction  in  having  to  state  that  many  of  the  subjects  therein 
enumerated  appear  for  a  long  time  past  to  have  claimed  the  attention  of  the 
Managers. 

As  We  find  them  Classed  under  seven  distinct  heads,  our  Report  is  in  like 
Order. 

ist.  Small  solitary  Buildings  at  a  convenient  distance  from  the  West  Wing  of 
the  Hospital  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  the  high  and  distracted  state  of  Mad- 
ness, in  order  to  prevent  the  injuries  done  by  their  noises. 

W'e  understand  that  many  of  the  Contributors  have  for  Years  past  thought  a 
separate  Building  would  add  greatly  to  the  general  comfort  of  the  patients  in  the 
Hospital,  but  the  funds  of  the  institution  not  being  adequate  to  such  an  expendi- 
ture, has  prevented  their  bringing  the  subject  forward  for  consideration. 

When  there  are  funds  and  such  an  Appropriation  is  agreed  upon,  it  may  be  a 
more  proper  time  than  now  to  consider  whether  One  building  could  not  be 
constructed  to  answer  every  purpose  in  preference  to  a  number  of  small  solitary 
buildings. 

2.  Separate  floors  for  each  sex  in  the  present  House.  , 
We  recommend  this  for  adoption  as  far  as  practicable. 

3.  Relates  to  Labour,  Exercise,  and  .■\musement. 

These  are  already  practiced  as  far  as  we  believe  consistent  with  the  Well 
ordering  of  such  an  Institution. 

4.  An  Intelligent  Man  and  Woman  to  attend  the  different  Sexes  to  direct  and 
show  in  their  Amusements  to  divert  their  minds  by  Conversation,  Reading,  and 
obliging  them  to  write  upon  subjects  suggested  to  them  by  the  Physicians. 

A  Man  is  already  engaged  for  this  Service  as  far  as  to  direct  and  share  in 
their  Amusements,  And  as  a  separate  enclosure  is  now  paled  in  for  the  Women  it 
no  doubt  will  claim  the  Consideration  of  the  managers  whether  a  Female  may 
not  be  usefully  engaged  to  superintend  the  Women  Patients.  Both  Sexes  are 
allowed  Books  to  read  and  the  means  of  writing  when  they  are  believed  to  be  in 
such  a  state  of  mind  as  to  render  them  proper. 

5.  That  no  Visitor  be  permitted  to  converse  with  or  even  to  see  the  Mad 
People,  the  Managers  and  Officers  of  the  Hospital  e.xcepted,  without  an  Order 
from  the  attending  Physicians. 

Except  very  near  Connections,  Visitors  are  not  permitted  to  see  or  converse 
with  such  Patients. 

6.  That  a  number  of  feather  Beds  and  hair  matrasses  with  an  .Arm  Chair  be 
provided  for  the  use  of  the  cells  of  all  those  who  pay  a  liberal  price  and  whose 
grade  of  Madness  is  such  as  not  to  endanger  any  Injury  being  done  to  these 
Articles. 

We  do  not  understand  that  Objections  were  ever  made  to  the  Patients 
having  feather  beds  and  Matrasses,  in  proper  Cases,  but  Greater  Objections  some- 
times occur  to  such  a  regulation  than  the  Injury  which  might  be  done  to  the 
Articles,  such  as  furnishing  them  with  the  means  of  injuring  themselves  or  others. 

7.  That  each  Cell  be  furnished  with  a  Pan  half  filled  with  Water  in  order  to 
absorb  the  foetor  iVom  the  Evacuations. 

This  is  in  part  carried  into  effect  and  we  suggest  the  propriety  of  furnishing 
each  Cell  in  like  Manner  where  it  can  be  done  with  safety  to  the  Patients. 

151 


The   last  and   touching    paragraph  of    Dr.    Rii>h's  letter   to   the 
Sad  Case  of    Board,  just  quoted,  in  which  he  alludes  to  the  fact  thai  it  had  pleased 
ail  Insane   (j^^  j^  interest  him  personally  in  this  subject,  referred  to  the  case  of 
'^"■ii  r.  ,     .  ,  ,.,',..•     , 

a  relative,  who  was  admitted  to  the  Hospital  on  i^eptember  7,  1810, 

and  died  there  on  August  9,  1837,  after  a  continuous  hospital  residence 
of  twenty-seven  years. 

He  had  been  a  talented  and  poi)ular  lieutenant  in  the  United 
States  Navy.  While  stationed  at  New  Orleans  he  fought  a  duel  with 
his  intimate  friend,  a  brother  officer,  whom  he  killed.  It  is  said  the 
affair  was  caused  by  a  light  and  thoughtless  remark  ;  that  the  speaker  was 
really  not  to  blame  ;  but  that  the  point  of  honor  compelled  him  to 
meet  his  friend.  From  that  time  forward  he  was  a  case  of  melan- 
cholia; rejecting  all  companionship,  and  all  friendsliij),  and  was,  at 
times,  very  morose.  He  was  a  most  confirmed  peripatetic,  walking 
the  floor,  to  and  fro,  every  day  and  almost  all  day,  until  the  jilanks  of 
the  ward  flooring  and  of  a  certain  i)lace  u])on  the  board-walk  of  the 
yard  were  worn  into  deep  gutters;  these  were  always  called  "  Rush's 
Walk."  Samuel  Coates,  in  his  manuscript  book  of  hosjjital  occur- 
rences and  philosophic  memoranda  as  to  the  causes  of  insanity,  tells 
the  following  anecdote : 

The  Barber  on  conibing  his  hair  pleasantly  remarked  li>  liim  that  it 
was  becominK  quite  Grey,  "  but  never  Min<l :  "  added  he,  "  Grey  hairs  are  hi)ninir- 
able,  you  know."  "Yes,"  replied  the  patient  emphatically,  ".And  sometimes 
Honour  makes  Grey  hairs." 

Samuel  Coates  innocently  writes  down  "  Duelling  "  among  his 

"Causes  of  Insanity"   and  cites   the  above  case  as  a  satisfying  proof 

of  his  theory. 

Anecdote  by  One  of  the  ipiaintest  anecdotes  told   by  Samuel   Coates  relates 

Mr.  Coates.    j^Q^y    j^j^    father  rescued  him,   in   infancy,   from  his   nurse,  who   had 

suddenly  gone  mad : 

Tabitha  (Joforth  was  a  Servant  Maid  in  my  father's  family,  for  some  time 
previous  to  his  Death.  She  discovered  symptoms  of  Derangement  which  made 
my  father  and  Mother  very  uneasy.  When  I  w.as  not  Si.\  Weeks  old,  she  took 
me  in  her  .Arms  one  morning,  unobserved  by  them  and  Walked  Off.  I  was  soon 
Missed  and  the  Bell  Man  was  employ'd  to  cry  her  and  me  thro'  I'liilada.  the  whole 
Day,  to  no  purpose.  After  Night  my  father  received  information  that  a  Woman 
was  seen  i^aing  to  a  house,  with  a  younj;  child,  above  Pool's  Bridge.  To  this 
house  he  Went  and  findinf!  the  family  in  bed,  he  knocked  at  the  Door,  which 
wak'd  them  .All  Up — among  the  rest  Tabitha  who  opened  the  Garret  Window, 
where  she  was  To  Sleep.  She  call'd  out — Who's  there?  My  Father  answe'd  T'is 
me,  wheres  the  child?  Here  he  is  (say'd  Tabitha,  reaching  me  thro'  the  open 
Window)  Catch  him  I — My  Father  was  very  much  frightened  and  yet  possessed 
enough  Presence  of  Mind  to  tell  her  she  had  better  drop  me  out  of  the  back 
Window,  which  she  attempted  ;  but  was  Met  in  crossing  the  Stair  Case  by  one  of 
the  family,  who  removed  me  out  of  her  hands  and  delivered  me  to  my  father. 

■52 


Insane. 


Tims  my  Life  was  saved  in  my  infancy.  Within  tlie  year  they  put  her  in  the 
hospital  in  Market  Street— the  house  of  the  late  John  Kinscy,  ne.xt  to  the  Corner 
of  6th  Street,  which  was  the  first  hospital  in  Phila.  opened  for  Maniacs— from 
thence  she  was  remov'd  to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital,  as  soon  as  it  was  erected, 
and  Died  in  it. 

On  March  25,  1822,  a  plan  for  an  improved  method  of  warming   .Vn 
the  Limatic   Cells   having   been   submitted,   it  was  ordered   that  the   '^■"■''^'■iment 
Committee  make  the  ex[)eriment.      "And  as  the  late  Josiah  Hewes   I,"  more*'^'' 
bequeathed  four  hundred  dollars   to  this   Instittition  for  the  express   effectually 
purpose  of  making  solid   improvements    in    the   house,  it  is  ftirther   »•'"""' cells  of 
ordered  that  the  amount  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Committee  of 
Economy    to    be    expended    in    the    more   effectual    warming   of  the 
apartments." 

How  this  was  accomplished  is  not  now  known  ;  but  eleven  years 
afterward,  on  January  28,  1833,  it  is  recorded  that  an  experiment  was 
to  be  made  of  heating  six  of  the  cells  by  a  continuous  flue  and  pipe 
from  the  basement  to  the  upper  story. 

From  this  period  the  Hospital  was  doubtless  comfortably  heated 
in  all  the  departments. 

On  June  24,  1822,  when 

A  written  report  was  received   from  the  Committee  appointed  on  the  suljject    '."  !^"'"^  ", 
of  the  indiscriminate  visitation  of  the  House,  which  after   deliberation  was  post-      "^'^"''   ''""' 
poned  for  further  Consideration.     The  Committee  of  Economy  are  in  the  interim    strangers 
charged  to  have  a  Venitian  Door  fi.xed  at  the  entrance  of  the  Cells  on  the  Ground 
Floor  of  the  Hospital.     .\nd  another  at  the  entrance  to  the  Cells  on  the  Second 
story  at  the  Northern  side  of  the  Western  Wing,  for  the  purpose  of  secluding  from 
the  view  of  Strangers. 

This  was  done  ;  the  employees  were  directed  to  keep  these  doors 
closed  and  it  was  ordered  that  no  visitor  should  enter  the  department 
for  insane,  unless  accompanied  by  a  Manager,  a  physician  of  the 
house,  treasurer  of  the  same,  or  by  the  steward. 

In   order   to   further  check   the  curious  visitation   of  the  insane    .Admission 
patients,  the  rule  was  adopted  to  increase  the  fee  for  admission  to  the   '"'^  increased 
house  from  twelve  and  a  half  to  twenty-five  cents,  and  the  gate-keei)er   ',"  '*''''^'*""' 
to  inform  visitors  that  they  were  not   permitted    to  enter  the  insane    \isitation 
departments.  of  insane 

These  extracts  from  the  records  are  evidence  of  the  fact  that  the    ''"'"'""'■ 
Managers  adopted   every  expedient  and   used  all   possible   effort   to 
render  the   institution  as  comfortable   for  the  patients  as  the  circum- 
stances of  these  early  periods  would  admit. 


.Measures 
to  e.xclude 


153 


Communica' 

tion  from 

VVm.  G.  Malin 

on  the  Treat 

nient  of  the 

Insane. 


A  communication  addressed  to  the  Managers  in  1828,  entitled 
"Remarks  on  the  present  state  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  a 
plea  for  the  necessity  of  providing  a  separate  asylum  for  the  insane," 
by  the  Clerk  and  Librarian,  William  G.  Malin,  is  interesting  as  illus- 
trating the  advanced  ideas  on  the  subject  of  treatment  of  the  insane, 
at  the  Pennsylvania  Hosjjital.  On  account  of  its  historical  value  it 
was  republished  in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  State  Hoard  of  Public 
Charities  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1884.  The  following  extracts  will  give 
the  tenor  of  the  article  : 

"  The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  was  founded  at  a  period  when  the 
cure  of  insanity  and  the  comfort  of  its  irrecoverable  victims  were  less 
studied  than  they  have  since  been,  and  its  arrangements  were  far  from 
perfect ;  yet,  if  we  take  into  consideration  the  models  offered  by  the 
then  existing  institutions  and  the  general  state  of  knowledge  on  the 
treatment  and  cure  of  insanity,  we  must  admit,  in  justice  to  the  worthy 
founders  of  the  Hospital,  that  it  was  constructed  and  regulated  on 
the  best  known  principles.  A  reference  to  its  subsefjuent  history  will 
prove  that  its  Managers  have  endeavored  to  keep  pace  with  the  ])rogress 
of  modern  imiirovement.  Humanity  has  ever  pervaded  their  counsels. 
The  comfort  of  the  unfortunate  beings  committed  to  their  care  has 
been  regarded  by  them  with  deep  interest,  and  they  have  always  been 
disposed  to  listen  to  any  practical  suggestion  for  its  increase.  Neither 
has  this  interesting  portion  of  their  charge  been  neglected  by  the 
distinguished  men  who  have  filled,  with  so  much  credit,  the  medical 
offices  of  the  institution.  In  particular,  the  philosophic  mind  of  the 
veneral)le  Rush,  powerfully  attracted  by  domestic  misfortune,  was 
long  and  anxiously  devoted  to  the  consideration  and  improvement  of 
the  moral  and  medical  treatment  of  the  insane.  Thus,  for  a  long 
series  of  years,  have  the  Managers  and  Physicians  of  this  Hos])ital 
successfully  labored  to  deserve  that  praise  whose  public  expression 
they  have  never  courted.  There  are,  however,  disadvantages,  not, 
we  believe,  unconsidered  or  unestimated  in  aught  excejjt  their  urgency, 
connected  with  the  public  situation  and  contracted  s])ace  occui)ied  by 
their  buildings  which  no  system  of  management  may  hope  to  obviate, 
which  ])reclude  the  possibility  of  keeping  up  asalutary  discipline,  and 
which  have  long  pointed  out  the  ultimate  necessity  of  removing  the 
insane  patients  to  a  more  favorable  situation.     *     *     ^ 

"  Exercise  of  the  body  is  universally  allowed  to  be  necessary  to  its 
health,  and  will,  no  less  generally,  be  admitted  to  have  also  a  salutary 
influence  upon  the  mind.  We  have  daily  opportunities  of  observing 
how  much  it  conduces  to  mental  tranquillity.  But  labor,  to  be  bene- 
ficial, must  be  in  some  measure  suited  to  the  rank  and   prejudices  of 


154 


the  patient.  Insanity  whicli  admits  of  cure  is  seldom  more  than 
partial  and,  while  some  of  your  patient's  faculties  are  disengaged 
from  the  grasp  of  his  judgment  and  incapaljle  of  their  legitimate 
application,  he  retains  the  full  command  of  others  ;  it  will  not,  there- 
fore, be  proper  to  treat  such  an  individual  as  though  he  were  totally 
irrational.  Servile  domestic  offices  are  usually  considered  degrading, 
and  are  calculated,  in  a  majority  of  instances,  to  do  more  injury,  by 
wounding  the  feelings  of  the  individual,  than  any  advantage  to  the 
bodily  health  can  overbalance. 

"  Agricultural  labors,  on  the  contrary,  are  associated  with  indepen- 
dent and  ennobling  ideas,  and  are  considered  as  reflecting  honor, 
rather  than  disgrace,  even  upon  the  man  of  fortune.  Such  a  distinction 
ought  not  to  be  lightly  treated,  as  everything  which  encourages  a 
projier  self-respect  is  useful  in  promoting,  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
whatever  unnecessarily  attacks  even  the  prejudices  of  your  patient 
tends  to  diminish,  his  chance  of  recovery.  Some  persons  may,  indeed, 
argue  that  madmen  ought  to  be  subdued  ;  that  their  high  spirit  should 
be  broken  ;  and  it  is  certainly  possible,  in  many  instances,  to  coerce 
a  very  insane  man  into  a  state  of  quiescent  obedience,  and  make  him 
almost  as  subservient  as  a  piece  of  machinery  ;  but  such  a  man  is  not 
cured;  on  the  contrary,  the  few  faculties  left  him  are  depraved;  the 
whole  man  is  degraded,  and  his  restoration  rendered  tenfold  more 
[irolilematical  by  the  process.  Before  subjecting  a  human  being  to 
such  discipline,  try  it  upon  a  spirited  horse  ;  break  his  spirit — inspire 
him  wiih  fear — subdue  him  thoroughly — and  who  would  wish  to 
possess  so  dogged  an  animal  ? 

"  It  may  be  asked,  why  not  employ  the  insane  in  some  species  of 
manufacture?  Now,  it  is  much  easier  to  ask  the  question  than  it 
would  be  found  to  devise  any  employment  of  this  nature  at  once 
proper,  healthful,  and  safe.  Supposing,  however,  for  a  moment,  the 
possibility  of  employing  these  patients  in  some  other  than  field  labor ; 
let  us  inquire  what  facilities  the  Hospital  presents  for  their  recreation 
and  proper  separation  into  classes. 

"  In  the  country,  the  excursions  of  patients,  in  a  jiroper  state, 
need  not  be  bounded  by  the  extent  of  the  premises,  but  small  parties, 
under  the  guidance  of  an  attendant,  might  walk  into  the  surrounding 
country  ;  in  such  excursions,  a  variety  of  objects  would  tend  to  awaken 
attention,  and  engage,  at  least,  the  observing  faculties,  while  the  exercise 
and  fresh  air  contributed  to  refresh  and  invigorate  the  body.  *   *  * 

"  Is  classification  desirable?  How  can  it  be  effected  while  more 
than  IOC  persons  of  both  se.\es,  and  every  grade  of  insanity,  are 
crowded  into  the  west  wing  of  the  Hospital,  and  while  the  space  they 


occupy,  incliiiling  their  airing-grounds,  is  less  than  three-quarters  of 
an  acre  ?     *     *     * 

"The  great  publicity  of  the  Hospital  is,  also,  an  evil  of  no  small 
magnitude;  its  situation,  independently  of  its  connection  with  a 
Hos])ital  for  the  sick,  is  such  as  must  defeat  all  attempts  at  a  proper 
seclusion  of  its  unfortunate  inmates.  The  morbid  curiosity  dis|)layed 
by  a  majority  of  the  visitors  to  the  Hospital  is  astonishing,  and  their 
pertinacity  in  alteni])ting,  and  fertility  in  pretexts  and  expedients,  to 
gain  admission  to  the  '  mad  i)eople '  is  no  less  so.  Even  females  who 
have  tears  to  bestow  on  tales  of  imaginary  distress,  are  importunate 
to  see  a  raving  madman,  and  do  not  hesitate  to  wound  the  diseased 
mind  by  the  gaze  of  idle  curiosity,  by  impertinent  cpiestions,  and 
thoughtless  remarks,  forgetting  that  alienation  of  mind  is  seldom  more 
than  ])artial,  and  that  many  of  these  unfortunates  may  be  as  keenly 
sensible  to  insult  or  exposure  as  the  most  perfectly  sane  individuals. 
N'isitors  whose  only  pretext  is  curiosity,  if  strangers  to  the  house,  do 
not  so  frequently  gain  admission  into  the  insane  department  of  the 
Hospital,  unaccompanied  by  some  of  its  residents,  as  formerly  ;  but 
when  it  is  considered  that  every  person  in  any  way  connected  with 
the  institution,  from  its  cellar  to  its  cupola,  has  friends  or  acquaint- 
ances whose  visits  cannot  but  be  injurious  or  improper,  at  any  time, 
or  to  any  patient ;  it  may  be  well  conceived  that  the  total  amount  of 
inconvenience  from  this  source  is  considerable.     *     *     * 

"An  asylum  situated  a  few  miles  from  the  city  would  not  be  a 
convenient  lounge  for  idlers.  It  would  only  be  resorted  to  by  those 
who  really  felt  an  interest  for  its  inmates,  and  this  is  a  class  who  might 
substitute  weeks  of  absence  for  days,  with  advantage  to  all  parties. 

"  The  admission  of  ca.ses  of  mania  from  intemperance  has  a  mis- 
chievous effect  upon  the  insane,  and  ought  to  be  discontinued  in  a 
new  asylum.  In  their  delirium,  their  cries  alarm  and  excite  other 
patients  until  the  house  resounds  with  noise.  In  a  state  of  convales- 
cence, their  im])atience  of  restraint  furnishes  frequent  examples  of 
insubordination  to  add  to  the  effect  of  their  precepts,  and  their 
hospital  career  is  often  closed  by  a  practical  exemplification  of  the 
means  of  elopement.  This  is,  in  fact,  a  class  giving  and  exciting 
more  trouble  than  the  really  insane — a  class  requiring  active  medical 
treatment  alone,  and  which  ought  never  to  be  admitted  into  an 
asylum  for  the  insane,  except  only,  when  confirmed  idiocy  or 
insanity  has  supervened.  To  expect  a  radical  cure  of  habits  of 
intemperance  to  result  from  mere  confinement  is  vain  and  hopeless. 
All  experience  jjroves  that  this  is  a  field  in  which  the  laborer  can  only 
reap  disappointment.     *    *    * 

■56 


"  Having  slioun  that  the  present  situation  of  the  insane  is  rejilete 
with  inconvenience  and  evil,  and  that  the  vacuum  occasioned  by  their 
removal  from  the  Hospital  may  be  readily  and  profitably  occupied,  let 
us  proceed  to  in(|uire  what  are  the  principal  objections  which  may  be 
urged  against  that  measure.  And  here  it  may  be  ])ermitted  us  to 
observe  that  a  confined  situation  in  a  city  is  so  manifestly  improper 
for  a  lunatic  asylum  that  few  would  argue  in  its  favor  was  it  not 
already  occupied.  Many,  however,  will  assist  in  the  support  of  an 
existing  evil  who  would  have  recoiled  from  its  creation.  Such  may 
contend  that  the  Hospital,  situated  in  a  large  open  space,  unites  the 
advantages  of  a  country  atmosphere  with  the  peculiar  conveniences  of 
the  city.     *     *     * 

"  The  founders  of  existing  asylums  for  those  afflicted  with  mental 
maladies  do  not  appear  to  have  been  sufficiently  impressed  with  the 
importance  of  providing  for  their  aire.  Unfortimately  to  secure  seems 
to  have  been,  in  most  instances,  a  paramount  consideration.  A  proper 
classification  of  the  patients  is  everywhere  admitted  to  be  of  the  first 
importance,  yet  nowhere  has  sufficient  provision  been  made  for  effect- 
ing it.  Other  radical  defects  exist  in  nearly  all  institutions  of  this  kind. 
In  fact,  it  is  not  too  much  to  assert  that  no  existing  asylum  is  worthy 
to  be  received  as  a  complete  model.  Circumstances,  therefore,  invite 
the  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  place  themselves 
upon  a  [jroud  eminence  by  achieving  a  glorious  advance  in  the  sacred 
cause  of  humanity.  The  reflections  which  a  review  of  the  errors  of 
their  predecessors  and  contemporaries  will  suggest  to  their  enlightened 
minds  will  enable  them  to  found  an  asylum  for  the  cure  of  insanity  in 
which  this  great  object  shall  not  succumb  to  splendid  ostentation  or 
sordid  economy — an  asylum  which  shall  prove  a  lasting  monument  of 
their  wisdom,  benevolence,  and  public  spirit." 

In  a  subsequent  communication  on  the  subject  of  the  employ- 
ment of  the  insane,  sixty  years  ago,  Mr.  Malin,  shows  the  same  broad 
view  of  the  subject,  and  from  this  we  quote  the  following  paragraphs. 
It  was  sent  to  the  Managers  December,  1834  : 

"  The  employment  of  the  male  insane  patients   has  never   been    .Mi.  Malin's 
general,  although  attempts  have  frequently  been   made  to  introduce   Suvjscstions 
some  species  ot  useful  industries,  which,   for  a   time,   and  with   mdi-    jr,„  ,]o.-,„  „t 
vidual    patients,   have   been   partially  successful,   and,  apparently  at   of  tlu- Insane, 
least,  useful.     But   nothing   has    yet    been  introduced   in   which  the 
patients  could  be  generally,  usefully,  and  continuously  occupied. 

"  The  following  are  occupations  which  have  been  attempted  : 

"  Making  straw  or  sea-grass  hats — several  patients  became  toler- 
ably expert  in  plaiting,  and  <?//(■  succeeded  in  making  hats.     This  bade 

157 


fair  to  be  useful,  but  was  not  fostered.     The  material  was  furnished  at 
Occupations   individual  expense,  and  with  its  sup])ly  the  manufacture  also  ceased, 
for  till-  "Silk-culture  was  tried  one  season.     Very   few  of  the  patients 

would  handle  the  caterpillar,  but  many  assisted  in  gathering  and  pre- 
paring the  leaves  and  in  feeding  the  insect.  This  occupation  would 
have  been  continued,  but  we  had  to  go  nearly  two  miles  for  mulberry 
leaves,  we  found  that  the  patients  had  not  sufficient  steadiness  for 
reeling  silk,  and,  at  that  time,  there  was  no  market  for  the  cocoons. 

"  Shoe-makingandsegar-making  have  been  practiced,  occasionally, 
when  we  have  had  shoemakers  or  tobacconists  in  the  house  who  have 
been  willing  to  work. 

"  Weaving  has  been  attempted,  but  not  very  successfully,  with 
the  large  loom.  The  weaving  of  fringe,  however,  still  continues  in 
our  list  of  employments,  and  a  little  is  occasionally  produced. 

"  Cutting  and  sewing  rags  for  rag  carpets  is  a  standing  occupa- 
tion. Sometimes  tow  has  been  spun  for  chain,  (by  the  women),  but 
not  lately. 

"  Formerly,  several  respectable-looking  carpets  were  prepared  in 
the  house.  A  quantity  of  low-priced  wool  was  purchased,  which  was 
cleaned,  picked,  carded,  and  spun,  and  the  yarn  dyed  in  the  house. 
But  nothing  of  the  kind  has  been  done  for  some  years. 

"  Sawing  and  si)Iitting  wood,  when  600  to  700  cords  per  year  were 
used,  gave  employment  chiefly  to  old,  permanent  patients;  benefiting 
them  merely  as  far  as  appetite  and  rest  were  concerned.  This  has  not 
a  very  good  substitute  in  the  necessary  labor  amongst  the  coal,  which 
is  dirty  and  disagreeable. 

"House-work,  such  as  scrubbing  floors,  assisting  the  nurses, 
cooks,  and  other  domestics  in  their  work,  cleaning  knives,  etc.,  fur- 
nishes steady  occupation  to  a  few  patients  of  both  sexes. 

"The  hair  mattresses  used  in  the  house  are  made  by  one  of  the 
keepers.  The  hair,  being  bought  on  the  rope,  is  picked  and  prepared 
for  use  by  patients. 

"The  filling-up  of  the  yards  in  the  west  portion  of  the  square — 
some  years  since — furnished  occupation,  in  wheeling  the  earth  some 
distance,  to  several  patients ;  two  ajjpeared  to  be  very  much  benefited 
by  this  species  of  labor,  which  has  also  been  strongly  recommended 
by  Dr.  Knight,  who  has  charge  of  an  asylum  near  Lancaster,  in 
England.  In  general,  we  have  no  means  of  employing  our  patients 
in  out-door  labors. 

"  The  women  are  chiefly  occupied  in  sewing  ;  occasionally  a  little 
spinning  and  knitting  is  done  by  them.  And  a  few,  as  already  men- 
tioned, are  employed  in  house-work. 

158 


"A  principal  reason  why  some  of  the  above-named  occupations 
have  been  abandoned  has  been  the  want  of  some  person  of  intelligence 
and  ingenuity  to  take  an  interest  in  and  direct  the  labors  of  the 
patients.  Under  present  arrangements,  this  cannot  be  expected,  as 
the  superintendents  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  have  so  many  other 
duties  to  attend  to  (and  it  is  the  same  with  the  physicians)  that  they 
can  give  little  more  to  this  department  than  such  a  general  supervision 
as  is  absolutely  necessary  to  secure  proper  treatment  and  attention  on 
the  part  of  the  attendants.     *     *     ;}: 

"  With  regard  to  amusements,  we  have  had  in-doors,  books.  Amusements 
chess,  draughts,  backgammon,  battledores,  the  graces,  dumb-bells,  of  the  insane, 
and  music.  Of  the  latter  we  hav^,  at  present,  a  piano,  harmonicon, 
flutes,  and  a  violin.  Out  of  doors  we  have  had  nine-pins,  quoits,  and 
velocipede.  The  two  former  are  still  in  use.  The  quoits  afford  a 
good  means  of  exercise,  but  require  to  be  used  with  caution,  and 
ought  not  to  be  lying  around  when  not  in  use.  It  is  very  seldom, 
indeed,  that  one  of  the  patients  will  designedly  injure  another,  but 
accidents  from  carelessness  may  easily  happen  with  quoits.  Nine-pins 
afford  an  excellent  e.xercise,  which,  with  a  set  of  smaller  balls,  may  be 
enjoyed  by  females  also,  and,  in  a  properly  constructed  alley,  acci- 
dents can  very  rarely  occur.  We  have  tried  a  set  of  nine-pins  and 
balls  of  stuffed  leather,  but  found  playing  with  them  a  dull  affair ;  it 
is  true,  there  was  no  danger  attending  their  use,  but  then  there  was  no 
noise  of  the  rolling  ball  and  rattling  pin,  not  much  e-xercise,  and  no 
fun.  The  patients  were  consequently  very  soon  tired  of  them.  The 
velocipedes  being  worn  out,  were  abandoned  here,  as  elsewhere,  like 
the  kaleidoscope,  and  yet  one  of  the  former  might  be  occasionally 
useful  for  exercise,  and  one  of  the  latter  for  amusement.  Do  they 
deserve  to  be  entirely  forgotten  ? 

"  The  amusements  of  patients,  equally  with  their  employments, 
require  the  regulation  and  encouragement  of  a  superintendent.  Left 
with  the  patients  and  servants  merely,  amusements  of  almost  any  kind 
become,  for  a  time,  a  business,  one  might  say  a  rage ;  they  are 
followed  up  unreasonably,  until,  after  a  while,  satiety  follows,  and  all 
parties  subside  into  downright  indolence.  This  has  been  the  case  here, 
almost  invariably,  and  particularly  with  regard  to  in-door  amusements. 

"  With  respect  to  carriage  riding,  I  have  seen  no  very  special 
effects  from  it ;  it  is,  however,  very  agreeable  to  many  of  the  patients, 
and  is  so  far  useful  that  it  gratifies  them,  and  promotes  cheerfulness. 
As  an  exercise  or  remedial  means,  I  am  disposed  to  think  much  more 
highly  of  riding  on  horseback,  which  has  certainly  been  of  service  in 
the  few  instances  in  which  it  has  been  tried  at  the  hospital. 

•59 


"Of  the  nine-pin  alley  and  i|iioits.  a  favorable  opinion  has 
already  been  expressed. 

"  The  graces  afford  a  gentle,  salutary  exercise,  which  battledores, 
to  beginners  especially,  afford  in  a  somewhat  greater  degree. 

"  I'oot-ball  would,  I  should  judge  from  old  experience,  be  a  dan- 
gerous game  ;  far  too  exciting  for  those  patients  who  might  be  induced 
to  engage  in  it. 

"  Archery  also  appears  as  though  it  might  be  safe.  At  any  rate, 
it  would  require  to  be  permitted  with  much  caution. 

"  As  to  the  keeping  of  poultry,  ])igeons,  etc.,  it  seems  to  me  that 
there  can  be  but  one  o])inion.  I  love  to  see  a  patient  adopt  some 
animate  i)et,  if  it  be  but  a  mouse  ;  it  appears  to  have  a  humanizing  and 
happy  influence ;  attention  gives  to  the  insane  an  occupation  and 
interest  in  something  out  of  themselves  and  tiieir  delusions,  while,  in 
their  isolated  situation,  it  is  a  source  of  ])leasure  to  feel  that  some 
creature  is  dependent  ui)on  them  for  its  comfort,  and  ])erhaps,  in 
return,  loves  them. 

"  With  regard  to  a  gymnasium,  I  can  only  say  that  it  appears  as 
though  such  a  means  of  exercise,  so  arranged  as  to  preserve  patients 
from  dangerous  positions  or  elevations,  must  prove  highly  useful. 
That  properly  indulged  in,  as  they  would  be  under  the  direction  of  a 
physician,  gymnastic  exercLses  are  highly  conducive  to  the  health  and 
vigor  of  the  body  there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  that  a  sound  state  of 
mind  is  often,  in  a  very  great  degree,  dependent  upon  a  sound  state 
of  the  body,  is  equally  unquestionable." 

Evoliitioii  Modern  reform '  in  the  care  of  the  insane  in  England  began  at 

in  tlu-    The  York   Retreat   in    1792,  under   the  leadership  of  William  Tuke, 

Cari' ,-in<l   m^d  was  initiated   in   France  by  Pinel   in   the  year  1795.     Although 
Tre.itnu-m      ,  ,  ■,,■■•,  -i      ^1 

J-  .      there    is   a  correspondence   in   the  direction    in    which    these   great 

Insane,   reformers  labored,  it  does  not  appear  that  either  was  acquainted  with 

the  work  of  the  other.     The  essentials  of  the  great  reforms  proi)Osed 

were  based  u])on  the  recognition  of  insanity  as  a  disease  to  be  treated 

and    managed    by   physicians ;    the   prominent   changes    being    the 

adoption  of  humane    measures,  the  abolition   of  abuses  and  of  all 

harsh  measures  of  restraint ;  the  employment  of  attendants,  and  the 

erection  of  improved  accommodation.     This  movement  may  be  said 

to   have   indicated   the  earliest  beginnings  of   the  study  of   mental 

disease  in  England  and  France. 


'  Obligations  are  due  to  Dr.  John  B.  Chapin,  Physidan-in-Chief  and  Superintendent  of  the 
Department  for  the  Insane,  for  contributing  a  review  of  the  work  of  the  Insane  Department,  from 
1840  to  the  present  date,  which  constitutes  the  remaining  portion  of  this  section. 

160 


Forty-one  years  jirior  to  the  great  work  undertaken  l>y  Tuke  and 
Pinel,  or  in  the  year  1751,  the  Petition  was  presented,   to  the  Pro- 
vincial   Legislature    of    Pennsylvania,    representing   "that   with    the   The 
numbers  of  people   the  number  of   lunatics  or  j^ersons  distempered    '^•^""sylvama 
in  mind"   had  increased,  also  affirming  the  great  need  existing  for  .1  ^^  p 
the  proper  care  of  the  insane,  and  that  many   people  of  this  class 
might  be  cured  and  restored  to  usefulness. 

The  law  creating  the  Pennsylvania  Hos])ital  was  the  pioneer 
attempt  in  America  to  create  a  hospital  for  the  care  and  treatment  of 
the  insane,  and  it  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  at  that  early  date — forty- 
one  years  before  the  reform  was  begun  by  Tuke  and  Pinel — -its 
founders  recognized  that  insanity  was  a  disease,  and  proposed  to 
establish  an  institution,  to  be  in  fact,  as  well  as  in  name,  a  hospital 
where  the  insane  should  be  treated  by  physicians. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  such  insane  persons  as  were  committed 
to  the  care  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  from  its  opening  in  1751  to 
1841 — a  period  of  ninety  years — were  received  at  first  in  temporary 
quarters  at  the  Hospital  on  Market  Street,  and  subsequently  in  wards  in 
the  Pine  Street  Hospital  building,  standing  in  the  square  bounded  by 
Spruce  and  Pine,  and  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets.  During  the  latter 
portion  of  this  period  the  insane  were  cared  for  in  the  west  wing, 
which  was  specially  prepared  and  assigned  to  this  class  of  patients. 
Here  they  were  attended  by  the  resident  house-staff  and  by  physicians 
residing  outside  of  the  Hospital.  Of  the  many  distinguished  physi- 
cians, who  in  various  ways  rendered  valued  medical  and  surgical 
services  to  the  Hospital  during  this  early  period  of  its  history,  one 
stands  out  preeminently  as  an  alienist  and  author.  The  name  of 
Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  must  always  be  held  in  grateful  remembrance  for  Dr.  Rush's 
the  signal  service  he  performed  for  the  insane  during  his  connection  K'"i"ent 
with  the  Hospital,  which  lasted  twenty-nine  years.  In  the  year  1S12, 
while  attending  upon  the  wards  devoted  to  the  insane.  Dr.  Rush 
published  his  work,  entitled  "  Medical  Inquiries  and  Observations 
upon  the  Diseases  of  the  Mind."  Many  of  the  principles  and 
suggestions  it  contains  for  the  moral  management  of  the  insane  were 
far  in  advance  of  the  practice  of  his  day,  and  are  worthy  of  com- 
mendation in  the  present  age.  He  announced  his  belief  that 
"diseases  of  the  mind  can  be  brought  under  the  dominion  of  medi- 
cine by  just  theories  of  their  seats  and  proximate  causes."  Although 
the  principles  of  general  medical  practice  then  prevalent  were 
a])plied  to  the  treatment  of  the  insane,  and  have  been  since  much 
modified,  he  is  justly  and  properly  regarded  as  the  father  of  psycho- 
logical medicine  in  America.   As  professor  of  the  practice  of  medicine 

161 


Services. 


in  the  Medical  Departmeni  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  he 
imparted  freely  of  his  knowledge  and  experience  acquired  in  the 
wards  of  the  Hospital,  to  the  students  who  attended  his  lectures,  and 
made  many  valuable  contributions  and  suggestions  calculated  to 
promote  the  interests  of  the  insane  during  his  long  term  of  service. 
The  A  visitor  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1787,  who  accom[)anied 

Hospital    Dr.  Rush  in  his  regular  visit  through  the  wards,  furnished  the  follow- 
in  17S7.    jfig  account*  of  what  he  saw  in  the  house,  es|)ecially  that  part  devoted 
to  the  insane,  whicii  has  an  interest  at  the  present  period  : 

"When  we  came  to  the  Hospital,  Dr.  Clarkson  left  nic,  and  went  into  the 
cit)'  on  his  son's  horse.  YounK  Mr.  Chirkson  condncted  me  into  tlie  hospital. 
Dr.  Rush  arrived  in  a  few  minutes  after.  This  huiUlinK  is  in  the  form,  as  you 
approach  it  from  the  city,  of  an  inverted  J..  It  is  surrounded  « itli  a  hi);h  wall, 
and  has  back  of  it  a  very  large  kitchen-garden.  The  door  in  the  center  opens 
into  a  large  hall.  On  each  end  are  apartments  for  the  nurses,  cooks,  etc.  We 
ascended  the  stairway  out  of  this  hall  into  another  hall  in  the  second  story,  at 
one  end  of  which  is  a  large  room,  which  contains  a  fine  medical  library,  where 
the  Directors  were  sitting,  and  a  smaller  room,  where  the  medicine  is  placed. 
On  the  opposite  end  are  the  apartments  for  the  attending  Physicians.  The  thir<l 
story  is  formed  in  the  same  manner.  On  one  side  of  this  hall  is  the  Museum, 
where   there   is  a   collection   of  skeletons  and  anatomies.  It   is  also 

furnished  with  a  number  of  preparations  and  jjreservatinns  relating  to  Physics 
and  Surgery. 

"After  we  had  taken  a  view  of  the  Museum,  we  returned  to  the  upper  Hall, 
where  several  Physicians  and  all  the  young  students  in  Physic  in  the  City  were 
waiting.  Dr.  Rush  then  began  his  examination  of  the  sick,  attended  by  these 
gentlemen,  which  I  judged  to  be  between  twenty  and  thirty.  We  entered  the 
upper  chamber  of  the  sick,  which  is  the  leg  of  the  X.  It  is  a  spacious  room, 
finely  ventilated  with  numerous  large  windows  on  both  sides.  There  were  two 
tiers  of  beds,  with  their  heads  toward  the  walls,  and  a  chair  and  small  table 
between  them.  The  room  was  exceedingly  clean  and  nice,  the  beds  and  l>c<lding 
appeared  to  be  of  a  good  cpiality,  and  the  most  profound  silence  and  order  were 
preserved  upon  the  Doctor's  entering  the  room.  There  were  only  women  and 
about  forty  in  number.  Dr.  Rush  makes  his  visits  with  a  great  deal  of  formality. 
He  is  attended  by  the  Physician  who  gives  him  an  account  of  every  thing 
material  since  he  saw  them  last,  and  by  the  Ajjothecary  of  the  Hospital,  who 
minutes  his  Prescriptions.  In  every  case  worthy  of  notice,  he  addresses  the 
young  Physicians,  points  out  its  nature,  the  probable  tendency,  and  the  reason 
for  the  mode  of  treatment  which  he  pursues.  On  this  occasion  the  Doctor  was 
])articularly  attentive  and  complaisant  ttt  me,  antl  seemed  to  consitler  me  as  a 
Physician. 

"  From  this  room  we  went  to  the  next  below  it,  which  is  in  every  respect 
similar.  It  is  appropriated  to  the  men.  He  began,  as  before,  on  one  side,  and 
went  around  the  room.  Evi^y  patient  is  on  his  own  bed  or  chair.  Most  of  the 
cases  were  chronic,  many  of  them  swellings  and  ulcerations,  and  some  of  them 
very  singular  ;  but  I  have  not  time  to  describe  them.  Their  dressings  were  all 
ready  to  be  taken  olf  and  exjjosed  to  view  the  instant  the  Doctor  came  to  them. 


*  From  the  Journal  of  Rev.  Mana^feh  Cutler,  Philadelphia  in  1787,  Vol.  I,  p.  353.     Memoirs 
of  Matthew  Clarkson,  1735-1800.     Phil.  1890. 

162 


Thts'^'  ht-  imputfd  to  ihcir  driiikinj^  spiritimus  Ikiuors,  and  did  not  fail  to  rt-niind 
them  of  it.  He  told  me  the  greater  proportion  of  his  patients  in  the  city  were 
similar  cases,  and  originated  from  the  same  cause.  There  were  between  forty 
and  fifty  in  this  room.  We  next  took  a  view  of  the  Maniacs.  Their  cells  are 
in  the  lower  story,  which  is  partly  underground.  These  cells  are  about 
ten  feet  square,  made  as  strong  as  a  prison.  On  the  back  part  is  a  long 
entry,  from  wiiich  a  door  opens  into  each  of  them  ;  in  each  door  is  a  hole,  large 
enough  to  give  them  food,  etc.,  which  is  closed  with  a  little  door  secured  with 
strong  bolts.  On  the  opposite  side  is  a  window,  and  large  iron  grates  within  to 
prevent  their  breaking  the  glass.  They  can  be  darkened  at  pleasure.  Here 
were  both  men  and  women,  between  twenty  and  thirty  in  number.  Some  of 
them  have  beds;  most  of  them  clean  straw.  Some  of  them  were  e.\tremely 
fierce  and  raving,  nearly  or  quite  naked ;  some  singing  and  dancing ;  some  in 
despair;  some  were  dumb  and  would  not  open  their  mouths  ;  others  incessantly 
talking.  It  was  curious  indeed  to  see  in  what  different  strains  their  distraction 
raged.  This  would  have  been  a  melancholy  scene  indeed,  had  it  not  been  that 
there  was  every  possible  relief  afforded  them  in  the  power  of  man.  Every  thing 
about  tliem,  notwithstanding  the  labor  and  trouble  it  must  have  required,  was 
neat  and  clean.  From  this  distressing  view  of  what  human  nature  is  liable  to, 
and  the  pleasing  evidence  of  what  humanity  and  benevolence  can  do,  we  returned 
to  the  room  where  the  Directors  were.  .  .  .  Such  is  the  elegance  of  these 
buildings,  the  care  and  attention  to  the  sick,  the  spacious  and  clean  apartments, 
and  the  perfect  order  in  every  thing,  that  it  seemed  more  like  a  palace  than  a 
hospital,  and  one  would  almost  be  tempted  to  be  sick,  if  they  could  be  so  w^ell 
provided  for." 

In  a  book  on  '■  Diseases  of  the  Mind,"  by  Dr.  Rush,  containing   Treatment 
also  some  fugitive  contributions  from  other  physicians,  are  references   ^nd 
to  the  medical  treatment  and  management   of  the   insane  in  private   '  ""agement 
practice  and  in  the  Hospital,  to  which  a  brief  reference  may  be  made 
since  it  serves  to  show  the  practice   of  that   day.     In    his   view   the 
remedies  for  general  mania  should  be  : 

"  I.   Such  as  should  be  applied  to  the  mind  through  the  medium  of  the  body, 
and 

"II.  Such  as  should  be  applied  to  the  body  through  the  metliutn  of  the  mind." 

The  first  remedy,  he  thought,  should  be  blood-letting,  and 
among  the  reasons  given  for  this  practice  were  that  this  "grade  of 
madness"  is  an  arterial  disease,  a  great  morbid  excitement  or  inflam- 
mation of  the  brain  ;  that  an  unrestrained  appetite  caused  the  blood 
vessels  to  be  overcharged  with  blood  ;  that  it  is  important  to  relieve 
the  congested  brain  before  obstruction  and  disorganization  takes 
place  ;  and  that  experience  has  shown  blood-letting  to  be  attended 
with  extraordinary  success.  Rules  for  blood-letting  are  given  accord- 
ing to  which  twenty  to  forty  ounces  may  be  taken  at  once.  Five  cases 
are  mentioned  terminating  favorably,  from  one  of  which  two  hundred 
ounces  were  taken  during  a  period  of  two  months,  and  from  the 
other  four  hundred  and  seventy  ounces  by  forty-seven  bleedings, 
between  June  and  .\[)ril.     Two  mechanical  contrivances  were  intro- 

163 


duced,  one  called  a  "gyrator,"  or  revolving  machine,  to  be  used  in 
Dr.  Rush's  "  torpid  madness."  The  head  was  placed  at  the  greatest  distance 
SngK<stions,  f^Qf,-,  ty,g  centre  of  motion  and  on  revolving  the  "  gyrator  "  the  blood, 
by  the  centrifugal  action  was  caused  to  go  to  the  head  and  accelerate 
the  action  of  the  heart  from  seventy  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  beats 
in  a  minute.  A  chair  called  a  "  tranquiliser  "  was  devised  in  which 
a  patient  might  be  confined.  It  was  supposed  to  control  the  inii)etus 
of  the  blood  toward  the  brain  and,  by  lessening  muscular  action  or 
reducing  motor  activity,  to  reduce  the  force  and  frequency  of  the 
pulse.  A  low  diet,  purges,  emetics,  cold  and  shower  baths  were  also 
prescribed. 


Dr.  Rush's  TranquUising  Chair. 

All  of  these  measures  were  supposed  to  exert  an  influence  in 
some  way  upon  the  arterial  circulation,  and  were  directed  with  this 
sole  object,  which  was  believed  to  be  essential  to  the  successful  treat- 
ment of  the  insane.  It  is  easy  at  this  day  to  understand  how  such 
means  of  treatment,  even  if  sanctioned  by  the  weight  of  professional 
authority,  might  become,  as  they  actually  did,  in  the  hands  of  unskilled 
and  unsym])athetic  keepers,  a  source  of  abuse  and  were  therefore 
finally  abandoned  and  prohibited. 

All  influences  which  could  be  e.xerted  upon  the  body  through  the 
medium  of  the  mind,  by  means  of  occupation,  amusements,  the 
excitement  of  the  emotions,  and  those  measures  which  in  more  recent 
times  are  embraced  under  the  term  of  moral  means  in  the  treatment 
of  the  insane,  received  the  consideration  and  approval  of  Dr.  Rush. 

164 


< 

en 
z 

LLJ 

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en 
O 


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UJ 


His  recorded  views  and  recommendations  were  not  only  far  in  advance 

of  his  contemporaries,  but  they  contain  the  earlier  thoughts  expressed   Dr.  Rush's 

upon  a  branch  of  the  subject,  which  were  destined  to  have  a  prominent   Trcitnit-nt  o 

,,...,    tile  Insane. 

and  enduring  place  in  modern  treatment  and  in  the  administration  of 
hospitals  for  the  insane. 

While  the  depleting  practice,  such  as  was  followed  by  Rush  and  his 
contemporaries,  has  long  since  been  abandoned,  it  must  be  remembered 
that  he  had  received  instruction  in  the  school  of  Edinburgh  and 
imbibed  there,  and  elsewhere,  the  principles  which  then  governed 
physicians  in  their  general  practice  and  which  he  mainly  followed  in 
the  treatment  of  the  insane. 

The  plans  of  the  Hospital  were  prepared  by  Isaac  Holden,  an   Ardilteci 

architect  who  came  from  Manchester,  England,  in  1823,  and  practiced        "^"^ 

.  .  ,   ,  .    1  r  r.    ^    Hospital 

as  an  architect  and  builder  in  Philadelphia  with  his  brother,  from  1826   Byii(]jn<, 

to  1S38,  when  they  returned  to  England. '  for  the 

'I'he  new  building  in  West  Philadelphia  was  so  far  completed  as  to  Insane, 
be  ready  for  occupation  on  the  first  day  of  the  year,  1841.  The  period 
of  construction  had  extended  over  four  )'ears  and  six  months.  The 
amount  expended  was  $265,000.  During  1841,  the  Contributors 
authorized  the  further  erection  of  detached  buildings — two  for  each 
sex — thirty-one  feet  north  and  south  of  the  main  hospital,  and  nearly 
on  the  line  of  its  eastern  front.  These  detached  buildings  were  sub- 
sequently connected  with  the  main  hospital  by  an  intervening  ward 
and  a  connecting  corridor.  They  were  intended  for  patients  who 
might  be  noisy  or  turbulent — no  suitable  provision  having  been  made 
for  the  proper  classification  of  this  class  in  the  original  plan. 

The    first    patients    were  received  January  9th,  1S41.     Between    Transfer 

that   date   and    the    20th   of  the    third    month,    ninetv-three  of  the   ^ 

from 
insane  in  the  city  were  transferred  to  the  new   Hospital.     Of  all  the   pine  Street 

officers  of  the  Hospital  of  that  year  not  one   now  survives  and  of  Hospital  to 

the  patients  then  transferred,  only  one  is  still  living,  having  been  con-   Department 

for  Insane. 

*  For  ihe  purpose  of  obtaining  some  information  of  the  history  of  the  plan  made  by  Isaac 
Holden,  a  letter  of  inquiry  in  relation  to  it  was  addressed  to  his  son,  John  Holden,  of  Manchester, 
who  stated  in  reply  :  "  As  to  the  Hospital  referred  to  I  have  always  understood  that  the  plan  was 
obtained  on  a  limited  competition,  one  of  the  competitors  being  the  late  John  Haviland  and  one 
other  I  believe  named  Strickland.  I  have  a  strong  idea  that  the  windows  were  made  with  iron  sash 
bars  instead  of  as  was  usual  at  that  time — wood  bars  and  iron  outside  bars  in  addition.  I  do  not 
remember  ever  hearing  what  model  or  system  he  studied,  but  I  should  hardly  think  he  had  any 
information  beyond  what  he  could  gather  m  America.  I  have  compared  the  view  ol  the  old  part  of 
the  Hospital  with  a  drawing  in  my  possession  and  they  agree,  and  1  assure  you  it  is  a  great  satis- 
faction to  me  to  know  that  a  building  designed  and  Icrected?)  by  my  father  so  long  since  is  in 
existence  and  still  doing  good  work.  1  may  say  that  alter  returning  to  England  in  183S  the  two 
brothers  commenced  practice  In  Manchester  and  one  of  their  earliest  works  was  the  county  lunatic 
asylum  at  PrestwicU,  near  Manchester.  1  would  have  been  much  pleased  could  1  have  given  you 
further  information  but  unfortunately  your  request  comes  too  late,  as  my  faiher  ^Isaac)  died  in  1884, 
and  my  uncle  in  1890." 

16^ 


tiiuioiisly  under  care  for  a  period  of  fifty-three  years.      Until  tiie  year 

1841,  no  extended  report  of  the  o|)erations  or  manner  of  treatment 

of  tlie  insane  in  this  Hospital  had  been  made,  nor   had    any   attempt 

Ripiiits  sliow   been  made  to  collect   facts  and   statistics.     The  usual   annual   re])ort 

Kcsiiit  oi   which  had  been  published  and  presented  to  the  Contributors   at  their 

Trcatniciit.  .  1,1  1  1-       1      •     •  11  1 

meetings,    showed    the    number   ol  admissions  and   results,   togetlier 

Financial   with  a  financial  statement  of  receipts   and    disbursements,  the   whole 

siatiiiKiu.    jjgjpg  spread  upon  a  single  printed  sheet.     At  this   period   there  was 

but  a  limited  experience  in  the  medical  treatment  of  the  insane,  and 

the  public  generally  had  such  knowledge  of  the  subject  only  as  might 

be  gained  by  visits  to  jails  and  almshouses  where   the    insane    were 

MaiiaKirs  detained.     Prejudices  were  to  be  combatted   and  overcome;  medical 

object  in   skjn   and  thought,  combined    with    the   exercise  and    apjjlication  of 

'"' '  '*"""*!  human  sympathy,  were  to  be  concentrated   upon  a  special  class  of 

cases ;  medical  experience  was  to  be  accumulated  ;  the  public  mind 

I'lihiic  was  to  be  ediicated  and  a  humane  sentiment  was  to  be  created  in 

to  l)C'   behalf  of  the  insane.     The    Managers  wisely   considered    that   all  of 

I'.iliicated.   (i^gjjg  objects  might  be   (promoted    by    the   ])ublicati()n  of  an    annual 

rei)ort  which  would  show  the  operations  of  the  year,  present  statistics 

Treatment   and  results,  and  disciKss  questions  of  treatment,  management,  ])lans 

of  the   of  construction  and  the  various  problems  that  would  arise  from  time 

I1S.1IU-.    j^  tiiiie  in  a  field  as  yet  comparatively  unexplored.      .\s   these  rei)orts 

were  issued  annually,  and  were  prepared  by  Dr.  Kirkbride,  from  1841 

to  1883,   they    furnish  the  principal    material  for   any   history  of  its 

operations  during  this  period. 

The  first  report  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane  was  issued  at 

the  close  of  184 1.      It   is  devoted    to   a  brief  sketch    of  its    history, 

buildings,  and  operations.      From  this  we  learn  that  the  government 

of  the  Hosijital    was    vested    in    the    Managers  of  the    Pennsylvania 

Hospital,  elected  annually  by  the  Contributors.     To   this   IJoard  was 

entrusted  the  general  management  of  its   concerns  ;   the  selection  of 

its  officers   and    the  regulation   of  the   admission    and   discharge  of 

patients.      At  the  organization  of  the  Hospital,  the  Managers  elected 

a   physician,  an   assistant  physician,    a    steward,     and    a    matron — 

assigning  to  each  the  duties  usually  |)erformed  by  such  officers.     This 

basis  of  an  organization  has  been  followed  to   the   jjresent  time,   the 

staff  being  enlarged  as  the  exigencies  of  the  service  required. 

Hiiiir  results  The  exi)ectations  that  the  opening  of  the  new  Hospital  wonld  be 

from   followed  by  an    increase  of  admissions,    by   an   improvement    in  the 

improvec    condition  of  the  patients,  with  better  results  than  had  been  attained 
condition  ,.       , 

of  Insane    under  the  iirevioiis  system  of  care,  began  to  be  realized  at  an  early 

date.     For  a  period  of  five  years    prior    to    the    opening  of  the  new 

166 


Department  of  the  Hospital,  the  average  annual  number  of  admissions 

was  sixty-six.     At  the  end  of  the  second  year  after  opening  the  new 

Hospital,  the  admissions  for  the  year  amounted  to  one  hundred  and 

twenty-three.     For  corresponding   periods  there  was  an    increase  of 

sixty-four  in  the  average  number   under    care  ;  and  an   increase  of 

thirty-nine  in   the  number  of  recoveries.     These   results   are    to    be 

fairly  attributed  to   the  extension   of  th'e  means   of  usefulness  of  the 

corporation,  by  the  erection  of  a  distinct  hospital  for  the  insane  and 

an  enlargement  of  the  means  of  relieving   an    increased    amount  of 

human  suffering. 

As  the  time  lengthens  since  the  opening  of  the  new   wards,  it  is   Priuciiiles 

a  subject  of  increasing  interest  so  ascertain  the  nature  of  some  of  the   ""  «h"-li 

earlier  questions   that    presented    themselves    to    the    Managers  and    .  '^i'"'' '""-" 

'  '  °  IS  conducted, 

the    Physician    and  superintendent      The    second   annual  report  is 

devoted  to  the  removal  of  erroneous  views  upon  the  whole  subject  of 

insanity,  and  gross  and  prejudiced  opinions  regarding  the  treatment 

pursued,  as  well  as  to  the  following  topics  :     The  Importance  of  Early 

Treatment,  which  is  stated  to  be  well  understood  by  professional  men, 

but  not  fully  appreciated  by  the  friends  of  patients;  The  Economy  of 

Treatment  in  the  First  Stage  ;  The  Visits  of  Friends  and  general  ^'isita- 

tion  ;  Avoidance  of  Dece|jtion  in  Treating  the  Insane ;    Outline  of  .Medical 

Treatment   pursued;    The   use    of   Restraint;    the  Qualifications  of  and 

Attendants;    Charity  Patients  received.     These  various  topics  were   ^^°'^^' 

fully  discussed  in  this  and  succeeding   reports.     They  embodied  the   ^^f  j„saiK. 

principles  upon  which  the  Hospital  was  to  be  managed  and  were  the 

means  of  laying  the  broad  and  humane   foundations  upon  which  its 

internal  administration  was  to  be  conducted  and  the  public  confidence 

assured.      The  subjects  of  the  treatment  of  insanity  and  the  use  of 

mechanical  restraint,    are    given  a  proper  prominence.     Insanity  is 

recognized  as  a  disea.se  due  to  physical  derangement,   which  may  be 

removed  by  medical  treatment,  although  no   specifics  for   the  disease      ,^'.     -^ 

are  known.    General  depletion  by  bleeding  might  be  considered  neces-   anienabie 

sary  in  the  commencement  of  a  case,  but  it  has  rarely  been  resorted   to  Medical 

to  because  it  had  been  amply  employed  before  the  patient  reached  the   Treatment. 

hospital.     A  note  of  warning  occurs,  that  medical  men  would  do  well 

to  prevent  the  prejudices  of  friends  from    leading    them   to  pursue  a 

course  of  treatment  by  bleeding,  a  treatment  that  might  be  proper  for 

inflammation  of  the  brain,  but  which,  if  long  persisted  in,    in  cases 

of  insanity,  can  hardly  fail  to  produce  serious  and  irreparable   injury. 

A  low  diet  is  reciuired  onlv  for  states  of  physical  disease  ;  but  for  the   i,.'   '. 

'  -  '      •*  '  I  realm  ent 

majority  an  invigorating  one  has  been  found  most  advantageous.     No   uf  the 
less  stress  is  laid  upon  the  w^'Vf?/ treatment  of  the  insane.      It  embraces   Insane. 

.67 


an  extensive  range  and  in  every  case  is  advantageous,  while  in  some 
it  is  sufficient  alone  to  effect  a  cure.  The  construction  and  archi- 
tectural arrangements — the  furniture — the  number  and  kind  of  per- 
sons employed — minutest  details  in  the  regulations — exercise  in  the 
open  air — occupation  and  amusements — all  have  something  to  do  with 
it.  The  moral  treatment,  or  management,  of  the  insane  embraces  all 
means  calculated  to  substitute' mild  measures,  kindness  and  sympathy, 
in  place  of  an  inflexible,  rigid  system  of  internal  discipline  to  which 
all  are  expected  to  strictly  conform,  which  so  often  prevails  in  public 
institutions.  It  was  with  this  object  in  view  that  the  interior  of  the 
Hospital  wa.s  made  as  attractive  as  its  means  would  permit — that  trees 
were  planted  about  the  grounds,  pleasant  walks  and  roads  laid  out; 
walks  to  the  country  and  to  places  of  interest  in  the  city  jjlanned — all 
of  which  were  in  the  direction  of  increased  personal  liberty  and  cal- 
culated to  convert  the  thoughts  of  patients  from  their  distracting 
delusions  into  healthy  channels  of  action. 
.Attfiulaiits  It  was  urged  that  attendants  should  not  be  "  kee|)ers  "  only,  in 

should    their  relations  to  the  insane,  but  attendants  and  companions.     Much 

be  the  stress  wa.s  laid  ujjon  the  importance  of  mildness  and  kindness  in  the 
Companions  ...  ,.  ,         ,  rii  ■. 

f  Insme    ''^''^        ^      insane  as  substitutes  for  the  use  of  mechanical  restraints 

and  confinement  in  strong  rooms.     The  year  1792,  which  witnessed 

the  noble  labors  of  Pinel  in  striking  off  the  chains  of  maniacs  and 

abolishing  the  abuses  which  existed  in   the  French  asylums,  was  also 

the  i)eriod  at  which  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends  in  England, 

united  in  establishing  the  "  Retreat"  at  \'ork,  which  has  since  been 

so  justly  distinguished,  and   from  which,  soon  after  its  foundation, 

emanated  a  code  of  moral  treatment  and  mildness  which  even  at  this 

day  can  hardly  be  surpassed.     F'rom  the  active  interest  felt  in  tlie 

Pennsylvania  Hos])ital  by  members  of  the  same  religious  body — the 

MikI  ami   mild  and  rational  system  pursued  at  the  Retreat  was  soon  adopted  in 

Rational   this  institution — long,  indeed,  before  a  radical  reform  was  more  than 

System   thought  of  in  many  of  the  establishments  of  a  similar  kind  in  other 
followed  in  ^     „  t>   ■      •  ,ir,  •,  •       , 

„     ,    , •      i)aris   of   Great    Britain.       Wlule    absolute    non-restraint    was    not 

rennsj  ivaniti     * 

Hospital,  announced  as  a  dogma,  actual  restraint  was  seldom  resorted  to  ;  and, 
indeed,  several  patients  who  had  been  restrained  for  years  before  their 
admission  to  the  Hospital,  were,  under  the  new  system,  with  its  better 
facilities  for  classification,  cared  for,  without  a  resort  to  such  severe 
measures,  and  wholly  cured. 
Tabulated  Another  feature  of   the  earliest   report  was   the   preparation  of 

Statistics   tables  of  statistics  which  were  likely  to  have  an  importance  in  ascer- 
taining definite  results  and  facts.   .Mthough  additional  tables  have  been 

Reports.  °  ° 

prepared,  the  original  tables  have  been  carried  forward  Ironiyearto  year. 

16S 


The  various  topics  that  are  presented  and  discussed  in  the  earliest 
reports  with  such  candor  and   assurance,   convey   to   the   minds  of  Amuial 
readers  of  the  present  day,  the  impression  that  the  gravity  of  the    '^"-i""''*- 
responsibility  was  appreciated  to  a  degree  that  may  well  excite  surprise 
and  admiration.     They  contained  a  code  of  principles  which  were  to   princinij-s 
become  a  guide  in  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  Hospital  in  later  which  soveni 
years   and  were  calculated   to    bring    the    treatment    of    the    insane  the  Hospital, 
within  the  domain  of  medical  science,  and  to  elevate  the  standard  of 
custodial  care  to  a  higher  plane.     They  have  to-day  a  recognized 
jjlace  and  force  in  the  administration  of  every  hospital  throughout 
the  country.     So  important  were  these  principles  regarded  that  they 
were  reiterated  in  succeeding  reports  in  order  that  the  community,  in 
which  tiie  Hosjjital  was  located,  might  be  thoroughly  impressed  and    I'dpuiar 
assured.     Popular  errors  respecting  insanity  were  also  met  and  com-   delusions 
batted.     The  doctrine  that  insanity  was  a  visitation   of  wrath  and   .' 

Insanity. 

vengeance,  or  a  reproach,  was  opposed.     It  was  urged  that  the  brain, 

like  the  lungs  or  other  organs  of  the  body,  was  liable  to  disease. 

.\s  it  was  a  common  thing,  for  the  treatment  of  various  accidents   insanity  a 

and  ills  of  life,  to  create  hospitals,  involving  the  erection  of  costly   Dise.-isc, 

buildings  and  the  employment  of  expensive  means  of  treatment,  it   requinns 

was  especially  proper  that  disorders  of  the  brain  should  be  so  treated,    treitnu-nt 

A  special  plea  was  made  that  such  institutions  be  called  hospitals, 

and  the  name  Hospital  was  properly  affi.xed  to  the  new  institution,  for 

the  second  time  in  this  country,  in  order  that  a  name,  familiar  to  alias 

a  place  for  healing,  might  popularly  designate  its  character  and  purpose. 

.\t  an   early  period   in   the   history  of  the   Department  for  the   Amusc-mcnt 
Insane,  the  diversion  of   patients  by  various   methods   received   the   Hall  for 
attention  of  Dr.  Kirkbride.      In   1845,  ^  systematic  effort  was  made     ''">^'"^- 
to  add,  to  the  diversions  they  already  enjoyed,  a  course  of  instruction 
by  means  of  lectures.      For  this  purpose  a  room  was  pre])ared  with  a 
stage,  seats,  and  other  fi.vtures  for  a  lecture-room,  and  a  beginning 
was  made  toward  a  collection  of  apparatus  and  illustrations.     On  two 
evenings  of  every  week  an  audience  of  about  one  hundred  jiatients 
assembled,  listening  with  marked  propriety  to  the  different  subjects 
brought  to  their  notice. 

Not  only  the  selection  of  attendants  had  received  attention,  but   xursc- 
their  regular  instruction  was  now  proposed  upon  the  nature  of  their  Training 
duties — embracing  some  general  views  of  the  nature  of  insanity — the  School, 
principles    which    should    regulate    their    intercourse    with    patients 
and  each  other — the  proper  mode  of  proceeding  in  difficult  cases, 
and  such  other  matters  as  would  be  likely  to  give  them  a  just  sense  of 
the  importance  and  responsibility  of  their  calling. 

169 


During  tlie  first  live  years  succeeding  the  opening  of  this  depart- 
ment, the  annual  admissions  had  increased  from  83  to  177;  and  the 
Iiicri-asecl   whole   number   treated   in   one   year   from    176   to   328.      While    the 
appreciation   recoveries  during  the  last  twelve  years,  previous  to  the  removal  of  the 
,,      .,  ,       insane  from  the  city,  had  been  three  hundred,  the  number  of  rerover- 

llospital  as  -^ '  * 

shown  in   ies,  during  the  five  years  succeeding  the  removal,  was  three  hundred 

annual  and  thirteen.  These  results  were  regarded  as  extremely  gratifying, 
admissions,  as  showing  an  increasing  appreciation  of  the  work  of  the  institution, 
the  results  every  year  confirming  the  wisdom  of  the  change  that  had 
been  made.  A  glance  at  the  financial  results  for  the  same  period 
show  that  this  part  of  the  administration  had  prospered  as  well  as 
its  departments  for  the  sick  and  injured. 

The  expenditures  from  1841  to  1845  "'ce  $128,908.09.  and  the 
receipts  during  the  same  period  were  5105, 752. 89. 
Krc-e  The  amount  expended  on  free  patients  during  the  first  period  of 

Patients,   five  years  after  1841,  was  §28,621.06.     The  amount  expended  during 
the  same  period  by  the  Hospital  in  the  city  on  free  patients  was  at 
least  $55,000 — the  total  amount  expended  on  the  indigent  patients 
in  the  two  departments  was  §83,621.06. 
Adfliiional  On    May    II,    1846,    a    Committee    on    .\dditional     Buildings, 

BuiltliiiKs  appointed  to  take  in  consideration  a  communication  from   Dr.  Kirk- 
anth„ri..<l.   ^^-^^^  reported  : 

Tliat  tlity  a]>provf  of  the  plans  recently  laid  before  the  Board  by  Dr.  Kirkbride 
and  consider  Ins  reasoninj;,  as  to  tlie  im|)ortance  of  this  addition  to  the  Insane 
Institution  as  a  proper  appointnunt  of  wards  aiiionf;  the  difTerent  i  lasses  of  its 
inmates,  as  conclusive. 

The  North  wing,  devoted  to  men,  was  so  overcrowded  in  1.S46, 
that  the  Managers  authorized  additions  to  be  made  on  the  north  and 
south  sides  of  the  north,  or  men's,  lodge,  as  being  the  most  convenient 
position  for  the  jmrpose.  This  additional  accommodation  was  com- 
pleted and  occu])ied  in  1847.  It  united  the  North  lodge  with  the 
main  hos|)ital  structure. 
North  Occasional  requests   had    been    made    for  separate   and    private 

Willi;  accommodation    for  a   single  jiatient,    somewhat  detached    from  the 
e.xtended.    ,,,.,jj,  edifice.     The  proposition  was  approved   by  the   Managers  and 
fottaire  ^"  enlightened  and  liberal  gentleman,  from  another  State,  participating 
Built,    in  some  of  these  views  and    anxious  that  a  friend  might    have    the 
benefit  of  such  a  residence  during  the  existence  of  her  mental  disorder, 
cont»ibuted  the  sum  of  five  hundred  dollars  towards  the  construction 
of  such  a  structure.     This  liberal   act    led    to    the   construction  of  a 
cottage,  which  for  many  years  was  devoted  to  the  use  of  one,  or  two 
patients. 


The  crowded  state  of  the  wards  for  women,  a  steady  increase  in 

the  demands  for  admission,  the  want  of  iiroper  means  of  classification,  ^ 

'      '  Tuo 

and  the  great  convenience  which  had  followed  the  additions  made  to  atlditional 

the  men's  lodge,  led  the  Managers  to  authorize  the  construction  of  Wards 

two  wards,  one  south  and  one  north  of  the  women's  lodge,  to  conform  t-rfi^ted 

in  all  respects  to  the  plan  that  had  been  carried  out  at  the  north  end  "  .  *"    ' 

'^  "^  patients. 

of  the  men's  wards.     This  addition  was  occupied  in  the  year  1849, 

and  with  the  other  parts  of  the  Department,  furnished  accornmodation  n;,,,.^, 

in  the  aggregate  for  two  hundred   and    twenty    patients,  and  this  was  Musi-umaiul 

looked  upon  at  the  time  as  the  completion  of  the  whole  plan.  Keadins- 

This  formative  period  of  the  Department  is  notable  also  for  the  """"    ,  , 

erection  of  a  museum  building  and   reading-room,   the  gift  of  inter-  private  Con- 

esied  friends.     This  building  became  the  repository  of  specimens  of  tributions. 


keacliiig-K»Kiiii. 

natural  history,  minerals,  shells,  etc. ,  and  was  also  intended  as  a  reading- 
room  and  place  for  retirement.  Other  suggestions  for  adding  to 
the  contentment  and  mental  occupation  were  put  in  practical  opera- 
tion. Reading  and  sewing  classes  were  formed  and  persons  employed 
to  lead  them.  Books,  to  the  number  of  eleven  hundred  volumes,  had 
been  collected  and  placed  on  shelves  accessible  to  patients.  All  of 
these  means  were  properly  regarded  as  progressive  steps  in  the  treat- 
ment of  the  insane. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1851,  the  Pine  Street  Hosjntal  had  com- 
pleted its  first  century  of  charitable  work,  and  the  department   for  the   Cliaiitablf 
insane  the  first  decennial  period  of  its   history.     The   Managers  were   W^rk 


Hospital 
Oiinpleti.'S 
its  First 
Century  of 


171 


Impressions 
derived  from 
a  Visit  to  tile 

Department 
for  Insane. 


now  able  to  congratulate  themselves  upon  llie  successful  completion 
of  their  original  plans,  the  organization  and  successful  admin- 
istration of  this  De|)artment,  its  gratifying  results,  and  the  public  con- 
fidence it  enjoyed.  It  was  already  making  its  influence  felt  in  behalf 
of  the  interests  of  the  insane  throughout  the  State  and  from  beyond 
the  borders  of  the  Commonwealth  came  frequent  visitors  and  officials 
anxious  to  study  its  operations.  Principles  of  medical  treatment  and 
administration,  which  had  been  adopted  after  being  tried  and  found  to 
be  excellent,  were  returning  good  fruit.  Of  the  Managers  who  were 
connected  with  the  Pine  Street  Hospital  in  1X36,  when  the  corner- 
stone of  the  new  Department  was  laid,  but  a  single  one  was  still  con- 
nected with  the  institution.  Ivven  of  all  the  members  of  the  board, 
which  acted  at  the  organization  of  the  Department,  there  were  but  two 
remaining  in  connection  therewith  at  the  ex]iiration  of  ten  years. 
Amid  all  the  changes  in  the  lioard  of  Managers,  however,  there  had 
been  no  change  in  the  excellent  principles  and  purposes  that  were 
sought  to  be  established,  nor  in  the  hearty  interest  felt  by  its  members, 
nor  in  the  enlightened  spirit  with  which  every  suggestion  had  been 
met  and  carried  out. 

It  was  a  fitting  period  to  survey  and  note  the  good  work  of  a 
hundred  years.  The  founding  of  the  Hospital  was  suitably  commem- 
orated by  a  centennial  address  delivered  by  Dr.  George  B.  Wood, 
June  10,  1851.  In  this  address  there  was  presented  a  history  of  the 
Hospital  to  this  date,  with  an  allusion  to  the  events  leading  to  the 
creation  of  a  separate  department  for  the  insane.  As  an  extract  has 
already  been  taken  from  the  notes  of  a  traveller  and  inserted  in  a 
|>revious  jjage  of  this  historical  account,  of  what  he  observed  of  the 
state  of  the  wards  of  the  Hospital  in  1787  on  the  occasion  of  a  visit 
in  company  with  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  so  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  quote 
from  the  addre.ss  of  Dr.  Wood  his  impressions  derived  from  a  visit  to 
the  new  De])artment  sixty-four  years  later. 

A  visit  ti)  the  Department  for  the  insane  will  amply  repay  any  one  who  either 
loves  the  heaiilies  of  natureor  the  still  greater  beauties  of  beneficence  in  orderly, 
efficient,  and  e.\tensive  action,  .Ground  the  house  are  |>leasure  grounds,  of  more 
than  forty  acres  in  e.vtent.  of  finely  diversified  surface,  adorned  with  gr-iiis,  shrub- 
ber)'  and  trees  \\  ith  a  small  w<n>ti  enclosed,  and  from  various  points  connnanfiinj; 
agreeable  views.  Neat,  isolated  buildings  are  seen  here  and  there,  inten<lcd  for 
the  amusement  or  employment  of  the  inmates  or  for  other  purposes  connected 
with  their  well-beinsj.  In  the  midst  arises  a  mible  edifice,  imposing;  by  its  magni- 
tude, striking  by  its  architectural  character,  arranged  internally  with  every 
attention  to  healihfulness  and  comfort,  where  everything  is  e.vi|uisitely  clean, 
everylhinji  in  or<ler.  ami  a  refreshing;  atmosphere  of  kindliness,  cheerfulness  and 
all  the  gentler  virtues  seem  to  breathe  peacefully  Ihrounh  hall,  saloon,  and 
chamber.  Scalteretl  about  the  ground,  in  the  dilVerenl  apartments  of  the  main 
building,  or  in  the  outhouses,  you  encimnter  persons  walking,  conversing,  read- 
ing or  variously  occupied,  neatly  and  often  handsomely  dressed,  to  whom  as  you 
pass  you  receive  an  introduction  as  in  onlinary  social  life;  and  you  find  yourself 
not  unfrequently  c|uite  at  a  loss  to  determine   whether  the  persons   met  with  are 


172 


really  the  insane,  or  wlietlier  tliey  may  ni»t  be  visitors  ur  ofTicials  in  the  establish- 
ment. From  tliis  scene  of  comfort,  of  amending  health,  of  cheerful  hopefulness, 
your  niinds  wander  hack  to  the  (lays  of  cells,  jjrisons,  chains  and  the  lash  :  when 
the  eye  was  ofi'ended  with  ra^s  antl  filth,  the  ear  wounded  by  yells,  screams  and 
imprecations,  and  the  heart  pained  by  the  images  of  despair  around  it  :  and  you 
thank  Heaven  that  you  have  been  permitted  to  live  in  these  times  :  you  bless  the 
hearts,  the  hea<ls  and  the  hands  which  sujJKested,  conceived  and  executed  all 
this  glorious  w Drk  of  beneficence  ;  and  you  feel  your  own  hearts  swelling  with  a 
consciousness  of  the  increased  elevation  and  dignity  of  human  nature  itself. 
Surely  no  outlay  of  money  is  to  be  regretted  which  has  led  to  such  results. 

Evidence  of  the  interest  felt  by  friends  in  promoting  the  comfort   Gifts  of 

of  patients,  and  in  supplementing  the  means  designed  for  the  enter-   Friends 

tainment  and  moral  treatment  of  patients,  appear   in  all    the  yearly   =»o° '» the 
.111  1     1  1  Entertain- 

reports.     Acknowledgments  were  regularly  made  to  numerous  persons  . 

for  thoughtful  gifts,   concerts,   lectures,   readings,  etc.,  which  could   Moral 

not  have  been  provided  from  its  own  resources.     They  had  a  secondary   Treatment  of 

effect  of  exciting  in  the  minds  of  many  persons  a  sympathetic  and   ''"-'  '"^^ne. 

intelligent  interest. 

There  was  no  abatement  of  improvements  and  minor  additions   improve- 
as  the  means  permitted.     New  walks   and    roads   were    planned   and    ments,  etc.. 
made  ;  summer-houses  were  located    and  erected  to  afford  rest  and    "'""' 
shelter,    as    well    as    permit  of  views    beyond    the   grounds.     The   f-     /■    ,  ^^f 
extension  of  the  city  gas  mains  led  to  the  introduction  of  gas  as  a   Patients, 
substitute  for  oil  lamps  in  1852  ;  and  in  1854,  the  steam-heating  plant 
was  so  extended  that    this  method  of  warming  buildings,   then  but 
seldom    resorted  to,  became  a   substitute    for    the    hot-air   furnaces. 
These  important  changes  tended  to  add  much  to   the  safety  of  the 
buildings  from  fire  and  materially  increased  the  comfort  of  the  patients. 

The  range  of  lectures,    with    lantern    slides,    held    three    times   i^ectures 
weekly,  was  extended  and  Sunday  was  observed  by  a  suspension  of  with 
unnecessary    labor    and    the    assembly   of   patients    to   attend    some   l-T'tern 
religious  exercises  deemed  appropriate  to  the  day  and  place.  '  '  '^^' 

Notwithstanding  the  addition  to  the  original  plan  that  had  been    w.,rc)s  Over- 
made   by   the   erection  of  four    wards — two    for    men    and    two    for   crowded- 
women — the  added  accommodation  was  fully  occupied  during  185 1.    E.xpected 
For    several    months  of   this    year    the    wards    were    inconveniently   ^^^"^^  ""^' 
cro\vded.     During  the  year   1S52  the  daily   average    number  under 
treatment   was    224.      The  relief  which    had    been   expected    to    be 
afforded  from  the  opening  of  the  new  State  Asylum  at  Harrisburg, 
during  this  year,  was  not  realized.     In  1853,  the  daily  average  was  229, 
and  applications  fur  admission,  to  the  number  of  fifty,  were  declined. 

In  his  report  for  1853,  D""-  K.irkbride  wrote  as  follows:  Separate 

All  our  experience  goes  to  show  that  any  materi.al  extension  of  the  buildings    Building  for 
of  the  present  Hospital  is  undesirable ;  but  at  this  time,  I  deem  it  important  for    Male  Patients 
the  best  interests  of  the  afflicted,  that  the  increased  acconunod.ations  that  are    Suggested, 
required   for   the   insane  should   be  provided   under  the  auspices  of  that   noble 

»73 


Association  of 

Sexi-s  not  an 

A<lvanta>;e. 


Additional 
Provision 
Required 
to  Accom- 
modate the 
Insane. 


Erection 

of  a  New 

Building,  and 

Separation 

of  Sexes 

approved  l>y 

Managers. 


charity,  which,  more  titan  a  centur\"  ajjo,  l>ejian  the  ^;re;it  \vi»rk  in  .America,  and 
which  has  ever  since  conducted  its  iniporlant  trust  in  a  manner  to  command  tlie 
confidence  of  the  entire  community. 

The  plan  for  effecting  this  ohject  which  has  long  since  been  suggested  to  my 
own  mind,  and  which  I  now  desire  to  place  on  record,  for  the  consideration  of 
others,  is.  that  a  new  hospital,  replete  with  every  modern  tliscovery,  and  all  the 
improvements  suggested  I)\'  a  large  experience,  and  capable  of  acconinuxlating 
two  hundred  male  |)atients.  should  be  erected  on  the  seventy  acres  of  land  now 
comprising  the  farm  of  this  institution,  and  directly  west  of  the  present  inclosed 
pleasure  grounds  ;  while  the  present  buildings,  with  everything  included  within 
our  external  wall,  should  be  given  up  for  the  exclusive  use  of  a  similar  mimber 
of  females. 

It  was  urged  that  no  special  advantage  e.xisted  in  the  association 
of  the  sexes  in  the  same  building,  hut  that  there  were  many  actual 
disadvantages.  The  separation  would  give  to  each  sex  enlarged 
liberty,  freedom  of  movement  with  greater  privacy,  while  the  grounds 
furnished  an  tme.xceptional  site  for  the  new  structure.  For  several 
years  the  wards  had  been  crowded  and  apjilications  had  been  declined. 
There  was  not  in  the  city  or  Stale  sufficient  provision  for  the  number 
of  insane  then  out  of  hospitals,  without  taking  into  consideration 
the  expected  requirements  incident  to  the  annual  increase  of  popu- 
lation. It  had  been  the  broad  and  liberal  policy  of  the  Managers 
not  only  to  conduct  a  hospital  for  the  sick  and  injured,  but  to 
receive  for  care  and  treatment  the  insane  at  a  time  when  no  other 
provision  was  made  for  them  by  the  city  or  State.  On  accoimt  of 
the  limited  facilities  of  the  parent  institution,  a  separate  department 
had  been  created  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city,  and  now  (1854)  at 
another  ])eriod  of  its  history,  it  was  again  confronted  with  the 
embarrassments  of  over-crowded  wards  and  the  necessity  of  turning 
from  its  doors  many  worthy  persons  for  whom  admission  was  sought. 
It  was  not  i)robable  that  any  other  organization  or  institution  would 
come  forward  to  undertake  to  supply  their  needs. 

It  is  truly  a  scheme  of  benevolence,  which  interferes  with  no  existing  charity. 
It  provides  for  a  form  of  human  suffering,  which  can  in  no  other  mode  be  properly 
treated.  It  is  looked  tt)  for  relief  l>>'  every  class  and  calling  when  mental 
disease  occurs. 

The  plan  of  |nitting  up  an  entirely  new  building,  and  then  separating  the 
sexes,  received  at  once  the  approbation  of  the  Managers  and  subse<piently  of  the 
large  body  of  Contributors  who  attended  their  annual  meeting  a  few  months 
after  (1853)  and  under  whose  authority  a  committee  was  appointed  to  aid  in 
procuring  the  necessary  subscriptions.  An  appeal  to  the  public,  urging  the 
importance  of  the  new  hospital  building,  and  soliciting  aid  to  secure  its  early 
accomplishment,  was  soon  after  issued,  and  liberal  subscriptions  from  many  of 
our  best  and  most  charitable  citizens  were  promptly  received.  Although  circum- 
stances prevented  any  general  call  being  made  at  that  time,  there  was  every  indi- 
cation that  the  object  woulii  be  liberally  responded  to,  and  that  the  community 
full>'  sympathized  with  the  movement. 


174 


The  amount  of  money  required  to  complete  the  new  wards  was 
e-itimated  at  $250,000,  and  it  was  resolved  to  commence  the  building 
as  soon  as  $150,000  were  subscribed. 

Although  but  a  comparatively  small  number  of  citizens  had  been    Liberal 
called  upon  during  the  year,  it  is  gratifying  to  be  able  to  state  that  at   Subscriptions 

,  ,      .    ,  „  ,  r  1,1  L        -i-    J    'or  Erection 

the  end  of  the  year  1854,  the  sum  of  $127,000  had    been    subscribed   ^^  guildin" 

by  two  hundred  and  sixty-nine  individuals — a  fact  that  was  considered 
most  honorable  to  the  community  and  encouraging  to  the  Managers 
and  to  all  concerned. 

The  printed  "  Appeal  to  the  Citizens  of  Pennsylvania  for  Means 
to  Provide  Additional  Accommodations  for  the  Insane,"  may  be 
found  as  an  Appendix  to  the  annual  report  of  the  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  for  1855.  In  the  same  report  is  printed  a  copy  of  a  "  Cir- 
cular," with  a  list  of  269  subscribers  and  the  amounts  contributed  by 
each. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  held  March  3d,  1856,    corner-stone 
the  following  preamble  and  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted  :       Laid  of  Xew 

Whereas,  from  a  report  made  this  day  to  the   Board,   it  appears  that  there    Building, 
has  been  subscribed  towards  the  fund  for  erecting  new  buildings  for  the  insane    "ow  the 
department  of  the  Hospital,  the  sum  of  one  hundred   and   forty-four  thousand    Department 
dollars,  &  <'"■  Males. 

Whereas,  it  is  important  that  preliminary  arrangements  should  be  made, 
to  enable  the  work  to  be  commenced  when  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars  has  been  subscribed. 

Therefore,  Resolved,  that  a  Building  Committee  of  Five  members  be  now 
appointed,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  superintend  the  construction  of  the  Building 
and  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be  requisite  to  liave  the  work  faithfully 
e.\ecuted. 

Whereupon,  the  following  Committee  was  appointed,  viz.  : 
James  R.  Greaves,  Samuel  Welsh,  John  M.  Whitall,  Alexander  J. 
Derbyshire  and  Wm.  Biddle.  It  was  further  "Resolved,  that  Dr. 
Kirkbride  be  requested  to  co-operate  with  the  Committee." 

On  motion,  "  the  President,  Mordecai  L.  Dawson  was  added  to 
the  Committee." 

It  was  also  further  "Resolved,  that  the  Committee  above  named 
have  no  atithority  to  enter  into  any  contracts  until  the  sum  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  has  been  subscribed. 

Samuel  Sloan  was  elected  as  Architect,  and  John  Sunderland  as 
Superintendent  of  Construction. 

The  first  foundation  stone  was  set  in  position  July  yth,  by 
Dr.  Joseph  J.  Kirkbride,  and  the  corner-stone  was  laid  October  ist, 
by  Richard  Vaux,  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  presence  of  a  large 
number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  when  addresses  were  delivered  by 
George  B.  Wood,  M.  D.,  and  others. 

175 


The  following  articles  were  placed  in  a  glass  jar  with  ground  glass 

nfiiartiiKiit   stopper,  which  was  deposited  in  the  cavity  of  the  granite  block,  of 

'      Miiiis   \vj,j(.ii  jhj;  corner-stone  is  made.     The  opening  in  the  stone  is  covered 

by  a  piece  of  marble  carefully  cemented,  and  on  this  a  heavy  piece  of 

granite  is  laid.      'I'he  corner-stone  is  placed  in  the  southeast  corner 

of  the  centre  building  and  about  four  feet  below  the  surface. 

Articles  deposited  in  the  corner-stone  : 


OiK' half  euKlc,  )  I  )iie  dollar. 

One- iiiiarter  ea);lc,    ,^  tlolil.  <  )ir' half  dollar, 

One  dollar,  )  Oiifciuarter  dollar, 


<  »1K'  <M 

( )IK-  d 


imc, 


One  cent,  '  ronncr  Oni.- half  dime, 

( )n<.- half  cent,  (  i-oppcr.         ( )iic  three  tint  piece. 


Silver. 


All  beinj;  conis  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Coinage  of  1856. 

2.  Copies  of  the  newspapers  of  the  day. 

3.  Some  account  of  the   Pennsylvania   Hospital,   containinn   a   copy  of  its 

Charter,  and  other  documents  connected  with  its  early  history. 

4.  Reports  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane  for  the  years  i.Sjj,  i.Sj^  and  1S5S. 

by  Thomas  S.  Kirkhride,  M.  I). 

5.  The  last  .Annual  Report  and  Statement  of  the  accounts  of  the  I'ennsylv.inia 

Hospital,  as  laid  before  the  Contributors,  stli  Mo.  1856. 

6.  An  appeal  to  the  Citizens  (»f  Peinisylvania  for  means  to  provide  additional 

acconuuodalions  for  the  Insane.      Philadelphia,  1856. 

7.  The  last  Circular  issued  by  the  Hoard  of  Manaj;ers  with  a  list  of  the  sub- 

scribers to  the  New  Building  Fund. 

8.  A  certified  imjiression  of  the  Corporate  Seal,  the  ;;ood  .Samaritan  liandini; 

over  the  sick  man  to  the  Inn-Keeper,  with  the  Motto,  "  Take  care  of  him 
and  I  will  repay  thee." 

9.  A  copy  of  the  oration  of  Dr.  fleo.  B.  Wood,  delivered   on   the  occasion  of 

laying  the  corner-Stone. 

10.  A  paper  containing  a  list  of  the  olTuers  of  the  Institution. 
Franklin  Pierce  beinj;  President  of  the  United  States. 
James  Pollock        "      Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 

Richard  Vaux        "      Mayor  of  Philadeli)hia. 
Final  The  undersigned,  comprising  the  BuildiuK  Committee  oi    "the   Department 

Keiiort    ^''r  Males,"  respectfully  submit  the  following  as  their  final  report : 
of  the  T"'  Committee  organized  on  the  evening  of  their  appointment,  and  at  once 

Building    entered  on  the  preliminary  arrangements  for  an  early  and  vigorous  prosecuti<in 
Committee    "f  *'"■'  «f'rk.  which  from  its  commencement  to  its  completion,  has  been  urged  >iu 
to  the    ^s  rapidly  as  the  means  at  the  disposal  of  the  Committee  and  a  just  regard  to 
Board  of   economy,  wouUi  permit. 
Managers  The  first  stone  of  the  "  New  BuiUling  for  Males  "  w.as  laid  on  the  7tli  of  July, 

1856,  and  it  w.is  opened  for  the  reception  of  Patients  on  the  27th  of  October,  1859. 
It  is  situated  in  full  view  and  on  the  western  side  of  the  building  previously  in 
use,  at  a  distance  in  a  right  line  of  648  yards,  and  in  the  midst  of  fifty  acres  of 
pleasure  grounds  and  gardens,  the  whole  of  which  are  surrounded  by  a  substan- 
tial stone  wall,  covered  with  flagging,  and  of  an  average  height  of  ten  and  a  half 
feet.  The  gate  of  entrance  is  on  Forty-ninth  Street  (an  avenue  intended  to  be 
100  feet  wide),  between  Market  and  Haverford  Streets,  and  by  each  of  which,  by 
means  of  horse-railroads,  easy  access  to  Forty-ninth  Street  may  be  had  at  all 
seasons. 

176 


D 

m 
> 

H 
m 


O 

33 

-\ 
X 

m 


en 
> 


Notwithstanding  tile  financial  depression  of  1S57-58,  the  work 


Department 


of  building  was  prosecuted  with  so   little  interruption,  that  it  was   i„r  Malts 
sufificiently  completed   to   receive   patients  on   the   27th  of  October,    opened. 
1859. 

The  amount  of  money  paid  on  account  of  the  new  building  was   c'ost  of 
;^322,542.86,  and  further  liabilities  had  been  incurred  to  the  amount   Buildins 
of  $30,000.     This  total  sum  included,  in  addition  to  the  erection  of      ■" 
the  building,  the  expenditures  for  the  boundary  wall,  carriage-house, 
carpenter-shop,  machinery  of  various   kinds,  heating  and  ventilating 
ajjparatus,  grading  about  buildings  and  furnishings.     A  few  ladies, 
impressed  with  the  noble  character  of  the  whole  work  and  actuated 
by  a   desire    to   secure    the   greatest   possible   efficiency  in   the  new 
institution  and  its  arrangements,  generously  undertook  to  give  their 
valuable  aid  in  jiroviding  funds  for  furniture. 


Parlor — Department  for  Men 

"There  has  been  expended  in  the  buildings  and  wall  enclosing  Committee's 

fifty  acres  of  pleasure  ground,   the  machinery  for  supply  of  water,  Repoit  on 

warming  and  ventilation,  the  laundry,  stable  and  other  out-buildirgs,  *-""s'  "f 

the  improvement   of  the  grounds  and  furnishing  the  wards  of  the  f"'''''"". 

I  ,-  iiiti,/-,-  .  ,  Repairs  and 

department  for  males,  three  hundred  and  fifty-two  thousand,  one  i,„pr,,ve- 
hundred  and  eleven  dollars  and  fifty-one  cents  (§352,111.51),  of  ments. 
which  amount  there  has  been  received  from  contributors,  three 
hundred  and  twenty  thousand  five  hundred  and  forty-one  dollars  and 
thirty-three  cents  (5320,541.33),  and  interest  for  temporary  invest- 
ment, eight  thousand  two  hundred  and  seventy-.seven  dollars  and 
seventy-two  cents  ($8277.72),  leaving  upwards  of  twenty-lour  thousand 


'77 


dollars  (§24,000)  yet  to  be  provided,  in  addition  to  which  we  shall 
be  dependent  on  the  liberality  of  our  friends  for  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars  (<;25,ooo)  to  meet  the  cost  of  the  repaiVs  and  improvements  at 
the  department  for  females." 
Departniiiu  The    De|)artnient  for  Men   was   organized  by  the   a])pointment 

for  Milks  of  Dr.    S.    Preston  Jones,  as  assistant  physician,  the   I'hysician-in- 
Organized,   (jhjef  having  the  general  supervision  and  direction  of  both  depart- 
ments. 

The   day   on    which    the    first    male   patients   were    transferred 
(October   27,   1859),  was  observed  by  appropriate  ceremonies,  and 
in  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  the  contributors  to  the  Hospital 
and  others  interested  in  its  welfare  and  progress. 
Repairs  .iml  The  wards  at  the  Department  for  Women,  which  had  been  in 

Improve    constant  use  for  a  period  of  twenty  years,  had  deteriorated  from  much 
made  Id   "^^-     The   removal  of  male   patients   from  the   north  wing   furnished 
Department   the  Opportunity  to  make  needed  repairs  and  improvements.    Although 
for  Females,    the  financial   condition  of  the  department  would   hardly  admit  the 
outlay,    the   sum    of    <;25,ooo   was    considered    necessary,    and    was 
expended  to  restore  the  wards  and  furniture  to  their  best  state. 
Close  of  The  enlargement,  completion,  and  occupation  of  a  new  depart- 

ISecoiul  i^^ig^t  building  for  men  fittingly  marks  the  close  of  the  second  decen- 
Period  i>f  "'*'  period  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane.  The  sim])le  record  of 
Department  the  work  accomplished,  but  faintly  represents  the  labor,  the  anxiety, 
for  Insane,  the  attention  to  details,  and  the  time  expended  by  the  Managers  and 
Building  Committee,  the  Collecting  Committee,  and  the  Physician- 
in-Chief  in  reaching  the  result.  The  contribution  of  the  large  sum 
necessary  was  a  manifestation  of  public  sympathy  in  the  under- 
taking and  the  practical  benevolence  of  the  citizens  of  Philadelphia. 
During  the  twenty  years  during  which  the  Department  for  the  Insane 
had  been  in  operation  as  a  separate  institution,  the  whole  number 
admitted  was  3571  jiatients,  of  which  number  1754  were  discharged 
cured,  807  in  various  stages  of  improvement,  and  274  remained 
under  care.  The  sum  expended  for  the  maintenance  of  this  depart- 
ment, no  part  of  which  was  a  tax  upon  its  capital,  for  the  year  i860, 
was  $84,144.16,  an  average  weekly  cost  of  $5-47  for  each  patient. 
At  this  moderate  weekly  charge  there  was  open  to  any  citizen  who 
might  be  compelled  to  seek  a  retreat  or  hospital  in  a  time  of  affliction 
and  sickness,  one  of  the  best  appointed  institutions  in  this  or  any 
other  country. 

It  was  observed  as  a  part  of  the  medical  experience  of  this 
period  by  Dr.  Kirkbride  that  "a  very  large  proportion  of  all  the 
cases  received,  when  carefully  examined,  gave  evidence  of  impaired 

178 


Ijride's  Ob- 
servations 


general  health  and  that  a  majority  rei|uire  a  tonic  and  invigorating 
rather  than  a  depletory  course  of  treatment."  "Of  all  the  cases  that  Hr.  Kirk- 
have  been  treated,  no  one,  after  entering  the  institution,  has  seemed 
to  require  or  had  general  bleeding  performed,  nor  has  a  head  been 
shaved,  while  cold  and  shower  baths  have  been  almost  entirely 
abandoned."  "Reference  may  also  he  made  to  the  great  advance 
made  in  other  details  of  what  has  been  called  the  moral  means  of 
treatment.  Mention  may  be  made  of  the  improved  character  of 
rooms  and  furniture,  the  much  higher  ratio  of  attendants  to  patients, 
the  regular  courses  of  reading,  lectures,  or  entertainments,  held  during 
the  evenings  of  nine  months  of  the  year.  All  these  latter,  with  good 
musical  instruments,  ward  libraries,  various  facilities  for  riding  inside 
the  inclosure,  and  a  large  number  of  additional  means  for  occupation 
and  amusement,  were  formerly  almost  entirely  unknown." 


Parlor—  Uepaitmenl  for  Wonien. 

"  Other  changes  have  been  gradually  occurring  within  the  last 
twenty  years,  not  less  worthy  of  note,  the  importance  of  which,  as 
regards  the  welfare  of  the  insane  generally,  can  hardly  be  over- 
estimated. Public  sentiment  has  unquestionably  been  much  enlight- 
ened, the  errors  and  prejudices  of  a  past  day  have  been  passing  away, 
and  insanity  is  gradually  coming  to  be  regarded  in  the  same  category 
as  other  diseases — one  to  which  every  person  having  a  brain  is  liable, 
but  often,  as  other  disea.ses,  amenable  to  treatment  and  cure."     The 


179 


improved  system  here  and  elsewhere  meant  the  substitution  of  intelli- 
gent medical  treatment  and  management  for  simple  custody  ;  nurses 
and  attendants  for  kce|)ers  ;  that  comfortal)le  rooms  and  wards,  open 
to  inspection  and  visitation,  should  take  the  place  of  cells  and  strong 
rooms  in  secluded  places ;  and,  that  the  law  of  love  and  lunnan  sym- 
pathy should  he  sui)reme  in  dealing  with  this  affliction. 
Occupatiiiii  Every  year's  experience  and  observation  seemed  to  emphasize  the 

"'"'  importance  of  additional  means  for  the  physical  and  mental  imi)rove- 
Di  versions  ,  jj-  /-.•.  r\  n 

,  _  ..  ment,  or  the  occupation  and  diversion   of  ijatients.     Dry  walks  were 
of  Patients.  '  '  '  '  _ 

extended  during  1862,  and  1863,  in  order  that  regular  and  systematic 
use  of  the  muscles  in  the  open  air  might  be  encouraged.  Out-door 
recreation  was  insisted  upon  because  of  the  acknowledged  advantage 
of  securing  fresh  air  and  sunshine,  and  because  it  can  be  more  regu- 
larly carried  out  than  labor  or  games  of  any  kind.  During  these  years, 
light  gymnastic  exercises,  as  recommended  by  Dr.  Dio  Lewis  were 
introduced.  They  were  considered  to  be  the  true  system  of  securing 
a  proper  development  of  the  muscular  system.  For  many  ladies  who 
have  suffered  from  the  want  of  jiroper  muscular  exercise  in  the  open 
air,  light  gymnastics  proved  valuable  aids  to  the  restoration  of  health, 
and  they  jwssess  the  advantage  of  adding  another  means  for  breaking 
the  monotony  of  the  long  evenings  of  winter.  Two  evenings  of 
each  week  were  set  apart  for  gymnastic  exercises  and,  during  the  year 
1864,  Dr.  Kirkbride  was  enabled  to  announce  that  every  evening  of 
the  week  was  occupied  in  some  manner  that  contributed  to  the  enter- 
tainment or  benefit  of  the  patients. 

The   successful   institution    of  light   gymnastics   and    the   good 

results  that  seemed  to  follow  this  system  of  mild  and  regular  exercise 

suggested  the  erection  of  a  hall  or  room  affording  sufficient  room  for 

the   class.     Again    was    the    Hospital    the   recijiient    of  a  donation, 

this  time  from  Mr.  Samuel  Welsh,  amounting  to  $3,000,  which  was 

increased  by  others,  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  gymnastic  hall  and 

assembly-room.     The  hall  was  comjjleted  and  furnished  in  1864  and 

has  proved  to  the  present  day  an  important  and  useful  building  for 

the  purpose  for  which  it  was  originally  intended. 

....      .  The   apartments  at    the   deiiartment    for   women,   made    vacant 

Accommo-  by  the  removal  of  male  patients,  were  so  far  occupied  by  the  admission 

d.itions  of  women  that  the  limit  was  reached  in  1867.      The  number  of  male 

riquired  for   patients    in    this    Department,    in     1859,    was    132.       In    1S67,    the 

Fisir'"\Vard  '^"""^er    of    female    patients   had    increased    to   172.       Fortunately, 

erected,   about     this     time,     a    highly    esteemed    citizen     of    Philadelphia, 

Joseph  Fisher,  Esq.,  in  the  disposition  of  his  estate,  furnished  the 

Managers  with    all    the  funds  necessary  for  an    enlargement   of  the 

rSo 


accomniodatidn  for  women.  The  beiiuest  was  made  specifically  for 
"  extending  and  improving  the  accommodation  for  the  insane."  The 
erection  of  the  structure  which  received  the  name  of  "  Fisher  Ward," 
in  honor  of  this  liberal  benefactor  of  the  insane,  was  commenced  in 
1S67,  and  completed  December  6,  1868.  It  is  located  south  of  tlie 
southern  extremity  of  the  main  hospital  building.  It  was  "  intended 
for  a  class  of  cases  of  the  deepest  interest;  for  very  sick  persons; 
laboring  under  acute  affections  of  the  brain,  accompanied  by  high 
excitement,  and  yet,  for  olivious  reasons,  not  most  comfortably 
situated  in  the  ordinary  wards.''  The  cost  of  the  Fisher  Ward 
(South)  was  $24,850.  On  several  occasions  in  the  history  of  the 
Hospital,  wlien  some  pressing  want  was  found  to  exist,  relief  had  come 


raiici.  1-islicr  W.iK 


from  some  unexpected  quarter,  so  now  at  another   period   of  embar- 
rassment, when  all  beds  were  occupied,  and  it  seemed  probable  that 
new  patients  would  be  refused  except  as  vacancies  occurred,  means 
had  been  providentially  furnished   to   make  a  valuable  addition  for   cinseof 
increased  ward  accommodation.  Third 

The  year  1870  marked    the   close  of  the    thirtieth    year  of  the    I't-'cennial 
operations  of  this  department.     The  ten  years    preceding   had    been    ,'^^""    " 

'  ,  ,         ,  .'  J  f  p>  Di-partinem 

marked  by  the  erection  of  a  gymnastic  hall  ;   the  South  Fisher  AVards   f,„.  i„sane. 
from  a  bequest  of  Joseph   Fisher  ;  and  various   improvements  which 


181 


were  rendered  possible  by  a  gifi  of  Sio,ooo  from  S.  Morris  Walii. 
That  the  De|)artinent  continued  to  be  appreciated  by  the  community 
and  was  fulfilling  its  purposes  is  shown  by  the  statistics  of  the  year 
1870,  during  which  two  hundred  and  sixty-one  patients  were  admitted, 
a  total  of  five  hundred  and  seventy-four  treated,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  year  there  remained  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  males,  and  one 
hundred  and  seventy-five  females.  The  total  receipts  were  SMS, 829. 73, 
and  the  amount  exjjended  for  maintenance  was  $148,165.51.  The 
average  weekly  cost  of  supijort  of  each  patient  was  $8. 26. 


Room  in  Fisher  Ward 


Erection  of 

North  Fishur 

Ward  for 

Femak'S. 


Statue  of 

Beiijaniin 

Franklin  at 

Department 

for  Females. 


During  the  year  1872,  a  further  enlargement  for  tiiirty  additional 
female  patients  seemed  necessary  and  to  render  the  department  for 
women  e(|ual  in  capacity  to  that  for  men.  This  addition  was  com- 
menced in  1872,  and  completed  in  1S73.  'he  cost  was  defrayed 
in  great  part  from  the  remainder  of  the  legacy  left  by  Joseph  Fisher, 
and  it  amounted  to  :>43,299.:2.  The  additions  last  made  have  been 
styled  the  Joseph  Fisher  Wards,  North,  to  distinguish  them  from 
similar  wards  erected  at  the  South  end  of  the  South  wing,  from  a 
portion  of  the  same  benefaction. 

During  1878,  the  Department  having  come  into  pos.session  of  a 
statue  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  six  and  a-half  feet  in  height,  it  was 
placed  on  a  pedestal  in  a  prominent  i)Osition  in  the  grounds  of  the 
dejjartment  for  women.  It  would  seem  only  right  that  honor  should 
thus  be  paid  to  the  memory  of  Franklin,  who  was  secretary  and  president 


1S2 


successively  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  was  ever  active  in  promoting 
the  objects  of  its  establishment,  and  was  the  author  of  many  of  its 
official  documents,  and  especially  of  its  appeals  for  legislative  action 
or  public  benevolence. 

The  constructive  period  of  the  material,  or  structural,  portion  of  Completion 
this  Department  may  be  said  to  have  extended   from  the  opening  in   "'  Mary 
1841  to  1880.      During   the  latter  year,   the  Mary  Shields  AVards,   '       ,^^ 
commenced  in  1879,  were  comijleted.      This  addition   is   connected    Pi-males. 
with  the  South  wing  of  the  department  for  women  and  can  accom- 
modate thirty  patients  and  attendants.     It  was  intended  to  correspond 
in  its  location  and  arrangement  with  the  North  Fisher  Wards,  erected 
in  1873.     When  this  building  was  projected   the  hope  was  expressed 
that,  before  its  completion. 

Some  one  would  be  found  whose  generous  benefactions  to  this  Department 
would  make  it  right  that  the  name  of  the  donor  would  ever  be  held  in  grateful 
remembrance  by  being  given  to  this  new  structure.  This  hope  was  fully  justified 
by  the  reception  of  a  noble  legacy  from  Mary  Shields,  which  seemed  to  warrant 
the  permanent  connection  of  her  name  with  the  new  wards,  which  were  for  the 
special  benefit  of  her  own  se.x. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  in  all  the  future  the  Mary  Shields  Wards  will 
yield  a  return  far  beyond  any  anticipation  of  the  generous  donor,  and  be  a  lasting 
encouragement  to  others  whose  benevolent  imjjulses  may  incline  them  to  actions 
of  a  similar  character. 

The  cost  of  erection  and  furnishing   the  new   wards  was  525,806.    Cost  of 

During    the   years    intervening,    between    1870   and    1880,    this    Erection 

Department  reached  the  highest  number  of  inmates  during  the  fortv   '""' 

....  „,  ,  ,.       ,      .     .  ,  ,       '     Furnishing 

years  of  its  history.     The  number  of  admissions  averaged   two  hun-   ,|^^, 

dred  and  forty-nine  annually.     The  State  Hospital  at   Norristown,    n\-«  Wards. 

which  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  during  the  closing  years  of 

this  decade,  afforded  needed  relief  to  many  worthy  persons  and  served 

,.  ,,..,.  .  ,    '.     .  1  •    ,     •  Retrospect 

to  relieve  the  Hospital   from  a  pressure   for  admissions  which  it  was  ^^f  Fourth 

unable  to  meet.      These  ten  years  were  remarkable  for  the  degree  of  Decennial 

prosperity  it  enjoved,  and  the  enlargement  of  its  work.     In  addition  Period, 

to  the  wards  just  referred  to  above,  five  ornamental  summer  houses  Department 

,  ,     .,  „  .  ....  for  Insane, 

and  two  green  houses  were  built.      Extensive  municipal  improvements 

on  Market  and  Haverford  Streets  were  comiileted   at  a  cost  of  manv    ,,     ■  ■     , 

'  -     .Municipal 

thousands    of    dollars,    involving    also   re-arrangement,    re-building,    and  other 
and   additions    to   the   boundary  walls ;    internal   modifications   and    Improve- 
renewals  were  made,  and  the  whole  property  improved.     This  period   '"'^"'*- 
was  memorable  in  the  history  of  the  Department  for  the  noble  benefac- 
tions it  received  from  persons  who   by  their   practical  sympathy  with 
its  work,  and  confidence  in  its  management,  enabled  the  institution 
to  enlarge  the  sphere  of  its  usefulness.      It  was  memorable  also  in  the 

'83 


losses  it  sustained  by  llic  death  of  an  unusual  number  of  Managers, 
friends  and  benefactors  of  the  Deiiartment,  whose  names  always 
deserve  to  be  held  in  grateful  remembrance  for  the  material  aid  they 
contributed,  and  the  valuable  aid  they  rendered  by  their  judicious 
counsel  and  co-operation. 

On  the  first  day  of  January,  18.S5,  Dr.  Kirkbride  presented  to 
Mi-nioriam.  the  Managers  his  forty-second  annual  report,  which  is  both  "  retro- 
spective and  suj;gestive."  'ri-<)U{,'h  he  was  still  enfeebled  physically 
from  the  effects  of  a  severe  illness,  from  which  he  suffered  in  1S79, 
there  was  no  perceptible  abatement  of  mental  vigor  to  be  observed,  nor 
of  lo\alt\  to  a  wiirk  on  wlii.  h  lie  had  exi  ended  the  undivided  forces 


Ur.  Thos.  S. 

Kirkhride's 

Final  Rvporl. 


Ill 


P       ^ 

i 

The  Mary  Shields  Wards— The  \  ilia. 

of  ills  entire  life.      Inclosing   this,  which  jjroved  to  be  the  last  of  a 
long  series  of  reports,  Dr.  Kirkbride  useil  the  following  language  : 

In  <i)ncludiiiK  it  is  mi  (irilinarv  Kriitification — after  forty-two  years'  use  of  one 
<)l  the  liuildinxK,  and  twenty-three  of  the  other,  with  the  care  of  ."<673  patients,  to 
lie  alile  to  have  your  board  receive  both  hospitals,  in  better  condition  than  at  any 
previous  period  and  more  thoroughly  prepared  for  usefulness. 

During  the  year  just  closed,  we  had  special  causes  of  gratitude  to  .-MniiKlUy 
Providence  for  the  many  blessings  vouchsafed  to  us.  and  with  the  deep  feelings 
<if  personal  obligation  to  the  Board  of  Managers,  I  once  more  commend  the 
iKispital  and  its  varied  interests  tu  your  continued  and  generous  care,  and  to  the 
liberal  sympathy  of  all,  who  appreciate  the  value  of  enlightened  efl'orts  for  the 
relief  of  suffering  humanity. 

Dr.  Kirkbride  died  on  the  i6th  of  December,  1S83.  A  brief 
biographical  sketch -of  Dr.  Kirkbride  will  appear,  sejjarately,  at  the 
close  of  this  section. 


1.S4 


D 

m 

> 


Tl 
O 

3] 

§ 

o 


The    vacanc)  in   the   office  of  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superin- 
tendent was  filled  by  the  election  of  Dr.  John  B.  Chapin,  Medical  Klcction  of 
Superintendent    of  the   State    Hosijital    at   Willard,  New  York,  who  ^'y^'^'^n- 
commenced   his  service  September  i,  1884.     There  was  much  doubt  ;,„a  Mtdical 
in   the  minds  of  the   Managers  as  to  whether  the   interests  of  the  Superin- 
Hospitals  would  be  best  served  by  dividing  the  departments  into  two  tt-ndent  of 
distinct  and  separate  administrations  with  independent  chiefs  and  staffs  ,  "^'''"^  '"'^" 

for  Insane. 

of  officers,  or  whether  one  general  scientific  and  administrative  head 
would  not  produce  greater  work  and  economy  with  enlarged  fields  of 
usefulness.  The  opinions  of  the  most  eminent  alienists  were  carefully 
sought  and  considered  ;  many  institutions  visited  by  special  com- 
mittees of  the  Board,  after  which  the  conclusion  was  reached  that  the 
continuance  of  the  separate  departments  under  one  head  gave  reason- 
able promise  of  continued  usefulness. 

For  several  years  following  1876  there  had  been  observed  to  be  c:aiiscs  of 
a  gradual  decline  in  the  number  of  patients  admitted,  and  the  whole  Decline  in 
number  annuallv  treated,  although  the  daily  average  did  not  materially  Admissions 
change.  This  experience  did  not  arise  from  any  decrea.se  in  the 
number  of  persons  becoming  insane,  but  the  opening  of  new  hospitals 
created  by  the  State,  at  Norristown  and  Warren,  and  the  additions 
made  to  the  Western  Pennsylvania  and  Danville  Hospitals,  doubtless 
furnished  accommodations  for  many  patients  who  otherwise  would 
have  been  brought  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  At  the  open- 
ing of  the  Department  for  the  Insane,  in  1841,  the  hospital  accom- 
modation in  this  State  consisted  of  that  furnished  by  this  Hospital 
and  the  Friends'  Asylum,  amounting  to  about  275  beds.  At 
the  present  time  the  other  hospitals  of  Pennsylvania  accommodate 
altogether  over  7000  patients.  The  rapid  accession  to  the  whole 
hosjiital  ()opulation  was  largely  due  to  the  State  policy  during  recent 
years,  which  encouraged  the  transfer  of  the  insane  poor  from  alms- 
hou.ses  to  State  care  in  State  hospitals. 

In  all  movements  for  promoting  the  better  care  of  the  insane  in 
the  Commonwealth,  the  Contributors,   the   Managers  and  officers  of  Conducted 
this  Hospital  have  been  deeply   interested.     They   have   by   personal   Hospital 
service;    by  encouraging  a  sentiment  favorable    to  the    recognition   ^"  ^bject- 
of    the  claims  of    the   insane;    by  seeking   to    educate    the    public    Educate  tiie 
mind    through  the  medium    of    annual    reports ;    and   by   the   e.xhi-   Puhlic  Mind, 
bition  of  the  results  to  be  obtained  from  the  liberal  administration  of 
a  well-conducted  hospital,  which  has  been  a  constant   object-lesson, 
contributed  largely  to  bunging  about  a  better  state  of  pu.blic  sentiment 
on  the  subject  of  Hospitals  for  Insane. 

185 


On  the  first  of   November,    1885,   ihc    Managers  extended  the 

Out-Patient   operations  of  the  out-patient  department  of  the  Pine  Street  Hos]<ital 

t-partmeiu   ^^  ^  j^  i)rovide  a  disi)ensary  service   for  the  gratuitous  treatment  of 
Extended  '  .,'..{  ...  ^      „,,  .  ,.      , 

to  Treatment   Persons  suffering  With  incipient  mental  disease.      I  his  medical  atten- 

of  Incipient  dance  is  given  by  the  physicians  of  the  departments  for  the  insane  in 
Mental  rotation.  'l"he  service  was  regarded  at  the  time  as  experimental,  only 
isease.  ^^  j-^^.^  ^y^^^  j^  ^^.^  ^^^  certain  that  patients  would  attend.  This  could 
only  be  determined  by  actual  trial.  It  was  undertaken  under  a  con- 
viction that  in  a  city  of  one  million  inhabitants,  a  large  number  were 
suffering  from  premonitory  symptoms  of  insanity,  as  nervous  prostra- 
tion and  depression,  who  might  receive  timely  advice  and  treatment, 
and  that  a  further  develojjment  of  mental  disorder  might  thus  be 
arrested.  The  strain  and  worry  incident  to  work  in  shops  and  factories 
and  modes  of  living  in  a  city,  are  often  followed  by  |)iiysical  deterior- 
ation and  a  foundation  is  laid  for  nervous  and  mental  disorder.  The 
relations  of  the  two  conditions  are  not  always  intelligently  appreciated 
and  the  ho])e  was  entertained  that  persons  would  avail  themselves  of 
the  opportunity  of  receiving  treatment.  It  is  the  experience  of  all 
hospitals  to  receive  patients  every  year  who  have  drifted  into  a  state 
of  acute  mental  disorder  from  neglect  or  ignorance  of  ])lain  warnings 
which  should  have  been  heeded.  Notwithstanding  the  existence  of 
this  department  has  been  extensively  published,  the  attendance  has 
not  been  as  great  as  might  have  been  anticipated.  The  whole  number 
of  persons  who  have  been  treated  is  two  hundred  and  fifty.  While 
some  have  not  been  of  the  class  for  whom  the  department  was 
intended,  a  large  number  have  been  restored  to  their  usual  health,  or 
relieved.  It  is  confidently  believed  that  if  the  existence  of  this 
dispensary  were  more  generally  known,  its  usefulness  would  be  much 
enlarged.  This  department,  regarded  as  a  useful  and  imjiortant  work 
to  be  done  for  the  poor,  cannot  be  regarded  nosv  as  entirely  an  experi- 
mental ])roject,  but  it  is  yet  uncertain  whether  the  friends  of  the 
persons  for  whom  it  is  intended  will  be  disposed  to  take  advantage  of  it. 
ConsultinK  ^'  '^^^  been  the  practice  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane  for 

Gyna^co-  many  years  to  ask,  in  behalf  of  certain  patients  who  were  women,  the 
legist,  medical  counsel  of  one  of  their  own  sex.  In  1886,  the  Managers 
established  "  the  office  of  consulting  gynascologist,  to  be  connected 
with  the  department  for  the  insane,  to  be  filled  by  the  appointment  of 
a  woman  ]jhysician."  This  official  was  exi)ected  to  be  called  in  cases 
where  it  seemed  her  sjjccial  gynaecological  knowledge  might,  with 
great  propriety,  be  an  advantage  to  the  jiatient,  and  an  important  aid 
to  the  other  ])hysicians.  This  innovation  has  jiroven  so  useful  that  the 
office  is  now  a  permanent  one. 

186 


For  the  better  protection  and  observation  of  patients  during  the 
night,  several  of  the  wards  have  been  placed  in  charge  of  special  Niglit 
attendants.  This  duty  is  required  in  addition  to  that  rendered  by  sui»-"''visio'< 
the  regular  attendants  and  the  watchmen  and  watchwomen,  who 
patrol  the  wards  at  night.  There  are  always  a  number  of  sick  and 
feeble  persons,  also  patients  who  are  disposed  to  suicidal  attempts, 
who  need  for  their  care  and  protection  more  or  less  constant  attention 
at  night.  The  practice  was  also  begun  of  congregating  suicidal  patients 
in  the  wards  where  this  special  night  service  was  maintained.  The 
danger  of  self-inflicted  injuries  has  been  considered  by  this  precaution 
to  be  reduced  to  a  minimum — but  one  suicide  having  occurred  in 
the  department  for  women  in  fourteen  years,  and  but  one  in  the 
department  for  men  during  seven  years,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  during  these  periods  many  patients  known  to  have  suicidal 
impulses  have  been  constantly  under  care. 

The  subject  of  impioving  the  standard   of  care  of  patients  has   .xttcndants' 
constantly  received  attention.      Classes  composed  of  attendants  were   Care  of 
organized  in  1886,  who  received  oral  instruction  as  to  the  nature  of  the   P''"^"'^ 

1-  ,,,.,.  ■  ^,1  ,     iinprovecl. 

various  diseases  treated  and  their  duties  to  patients.  Good,  natural 
qualities  of  heart  and  fair  intelligence,  combined  with  a  willing, 
teachable,  sympathetic  disposition,  will  usually  furnish  the  best 
promise  of  an  acceptable  service.  Much  of  the  instruction  of 
attendants  has  been,  and  must  continue  to  be,  imparted  to  them  in 
their  daily  services  in  the  wards,  yet  they  have  been  still  further  trained 
for  the  performance  of  their  duties  and  the  standard  of  care  generally 
elevated  by  such  instruction  in  the  class-room. 

In  the  summer  of  1887,  a  cottage-house,  or  villa,  on  the  jilateau   Cottage  or 
ninety  yards  east  of  the  main  building  for  the  women,  was  built,  to  meet   ^'"''^  erected 
a  demand  that  was  supposed  to  e.vist  for  a  more  liberal  accommodation, 
for  a  limited  number  of  patients,  than  the  Hospital  building  furnished. 
Occasional  inquiry  was  made  for  better  accommodation,  comprising 
several    rooms,    in   order  that   those   seeking    a  hospital,   should    be 
furnished    with    comforts     and      furnishings    to    which    they    were 
accustomed,  which  they  might  still  have  the  capacity  to  enjoy,  and 
for  which  they  were  able  and  willing  to  pay.     In  another  sense  this 
homelike   structure   was   supposed    to    represent  a    tendency   toward   xemiccv  to 
individualization  in  the  hospital  care  of  the  insane,  which  seemed  now   individualize 
to  be  practicable  to  a  greater  degree  than  at  any  former  period.     This   Hospital  Cart- 
house  was  opened  formally  June  16,  1888.    It  possesses  the  advantages  "     ">"Uie. 
of  reasonable  proximity  to  the  main  hospital  and  the  ijuiet  and  retire- 
ment of  a  private  house,  from  which  it  does  not  materially  differ  in 
its  external  appearance  and  interior  arrangements. 

187 


The  erection  of  the  Cottage  House,  or  Villa,  for  a  chiss  of  [)atients 
The  ivnii  for  whose  care  a  proportionately  larger  rate  was  charged,  was  by  the 
city  of  Philadeljjhia  made  the  basis  of  a  municipal  claim  for  water 
supply,  which  resulted  in  a  decision  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Slate 
that  "  'I'he  Pennsylvania  Hospital  is  a  purely  public  charity  in  the 
highest  sense  of  the  term."     The  citation  of  the  case  is  as  follows  : 

The  Court  held  that  "  this  was  a  municipal  claim  for  a  water 
l)ipe  fded  against  a  portion  of  the  premises  of  the  West  Fhiladel|)hia 
branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  This  particular  branch  is 
devoted  to  the  care  of  the  insane.     While  it  was  conceded  that  the 


sylvaiiia 

Hospilal 

is  a  purely 

I'll  1)1  ic 

Cliarilv. 


Dorir  Summer  House. 

buildings  and  grounds  are  exempt  from  taxation  for  the  reason  that 
the  defendant  is  a  purely  public  charity,  yet  it  was  contended  that 
within  the  portion  of  the  grounds  charged  with  this  claim  there  was 
a  large  building  reserved  exclusively  for  the  use  of  patients  paying  a 
higher  rate  than  any  other ;  that  these  i^ayments  must  exceed  the  cost 
of  maintenance  assignable  to  themselves,  if  the  original  cost  of  the 
property  and  any  estimated  rental  be  excluded.  It  appears  to  be  con- 
ceded that  the  object  of  the  trustees  in  maintaining  this  department 
of  the  institution  is  to  make  profit,  by  the  use  of  which  to  extend  the 


188 


Institution's  capacity  for  good  among  the  destitute  members  of  the 
community. 

"  It  was  not  contended,  nor  is  there  anything  to  show,  that  there 
was  any  actual  profit  realized  in  this  department  after  taking  into 
consideration  the  value  of  the  ground  and  improvements,  and  the 
costs  of  the  maintenance.  The  apparent  profit  is  applied  to  the  gen- 
eral objects  of  charity,  and  no  portion  of  it  inures  to  the  benefit  of 
any  person  concerned  in  administering  the  charity. 

"  The   Pennsylvania   Hospital  is  a  purely  public  charity  in  the   supreme 

highest  and  best  sense  of  the  term,  and  under  all  our  authorities  we   Court  decides 

think  it  is  exempt   from    the  species   of  taxation    attempted    to    be   '"  '''^'"''  "^ 

.  •       1  •  T     1  n-  J  II  l'""  Hospital, 

imposed  in  this  case.     Judgment  atnrmed. 

The  Supreme   Court  very  clearly  stated    the   facts  that  all  the 

income  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  is  expended  in  charitable  work, 


Gymnastic  Pavilion. 

and  it  cannot  be  regarded  as  a  money-making  institution,  for  any 
excess  over  maintenance  which  is  paid  by  rich  patients  is  used  to  sup- 
port others  who  are  destitute  of  means  to  make  any  pecuniary 
acknowledgment. 

The  prescribed  term  ot  service  of  the  Resident  Physicians  in  the   Resident 
Department   for   the   Sick   and  Injured  (Pine  Street   Hospital),  for   Physicians' 
some  years  prior  to  the  year  1888,  had  been  fixed  at  sixteen  months.    Term 
During  this  year  the  Managers  deemed  it  expedient  to  enlarge  the   {„  serve  four 
usefulness  of  the  institution  by  extending  the  valuable  opportunities   months  at 
for  obtaining  a  knowledge  of  insanity  at  the  Department  for  Insane   Department 
to  each  newly  elected  Resident  Physician.     The  term  of  the  Resident         '"sane. 


189 


Physicians  was  extended  so  as  to   include    four  months'  service  at 

the  Department  for  Insane.      Under  this  arrangement  it  was  believed 

they  would    have   an    opportunity  to   observe   the  various  forms  of 

insanity,    the    treatment    of  the   insane,    the    administration    of   the 

hospital,  and  to  become  generally  belter  qualified  to  discharge  their 

duties  as  physicians  and  citizens. 

Gymnastic  The  year  1890  was  marked  by  the  completion  of  a  gymnastic 

BuildinK  for   building  on  the  grounds  of  the  Deiiarliiient  for  -Men,  and  the  opening 

Male  Qf  ^  ny^y  entrance  and  ap])roach  to  the  Deijartnient  for  Women.    The 

tparttiK-nt  gy„,^^(i(;  pavilion  was  designed  to  enlarge  the  means  of  diversion, 

to   break   the   monotony  of  life  in   the   wards,  and    to   ])roniote  the 

ph)sical    training   of    male   patients.      It    was    believed    that    being 

detached    from    the    main    building,    there    would    be   an   increased 


Hall  in  the  I'"em.ile  Dt-partme?it. 

inducement    to    leave   the  wards  and   their  associations  for  a  time. 

It  overlooks  a  well-kept  lawn,  prejjarcd  for  out-of-door  games.     The 

building  is  of  wood,  one  hundred  and  five  feet  long  and   forty-two 

feet  wide.      It  is  surrounded  by  a  sheltered  veranda,  twelve  feet  wide. 

It  contains  a  reading-room,  billiard-room,  a  bowling-alley,  a  sitting- 

Niw   room  and  a  room  for  gymnastic  exercises.     The  buildings  and  grounds 

Entrance  aj-g  under  the  direction  of  a  competent  instructor  who  conducts  the 

Gate  an     ^.j^gggs  ^n^j  special  exercises. 

Dei)a*rtni(.-nt  ^or  a  period  of  forty-nine  years  the  grounds  of  the  Department 

for  Femaks.    for  Women   were  entered   at   the  gate  near  Haverford  Avenue  and 


190 


Forty-fourth  Street.     During  the  year  1890,  a  new  entrance  gate  and 

lodge  were  erected  at  the  junction  of  Market  and  Forty-fourth  Streets 

and  Povvelton  Avenue.     The  change  seemed  desirable  to  render  the 

Hospital  more  accessible  to  lines  of  travel  and  centres  of  population. 

This   great    improvement    was   rendered    possible   by  the   gift  of  a 

benevolent  friend.     (See  illustration  page  113.) 

During   the    year    1889,    sixty-one    lectures   were   delivered    to   Lectures  by 

attendants  by  the  assistant  physicians  and  seventy-four   lectures  on   Assistant 

Botany  and   Natural   History  to  classes  of  patients,  taking   for  this   P'^V'*"^''''"*  to 

.         ,  L,,  .  ,  ,         ,  L       •  ,       •      Attendants 

purpose  a  morning  hour.      Ihis  work  was  undertaken  by  the  physi-   ,,|,j  patients 

cians  in  addition  to  their  usual  ward  work  and  the  regular  evening 


The  I.  \'.  \\'illianison  Building. 

entertainments.     It  is  mentioned  specially,  as  it  exceeded  what  had 
been  previously  done  in  this  direction. 

In  the  annual  reports  for   1890,   it  was  stated  that  during   the   _, 
preceding  three  years  the  Department    for  Women    had    been    fully   Deijartment 
occupied,  so    that    any  accession    to   the   number  would    have  been   for  Females 
impracticable,    or    attended    with    inconvenience.      This    condition   '^'"y 
continued  for  the  succeeding  year.     As  the  daily  average  number  of  "'^'-"1"'^  • 
patients  seemed  to  be  maintained  without  a  prospect  of  speedy  dimi- 
nution, the    Managers  were   confronted  with  the  problem   of  over- 


191 


crowded  wards,  and    ihc  c oiuiiiiicd   cinliarrassiiiciu    likclv  lo  arise   ii> 

the  classification  of  patients  and  medical  administration.      A  hospital 

may  be  erected  with  every  ajjpiiance  for  tlic  care  and  treatment  of  its 

allotted   number,  but   its  o|)eration  as  a  medical  institution  may  be 

effectually  paralyzed  by  overcrowding,  with  tiie  risks  antl  discomforts 

that  may  attend  such  a  condition.     It  was  wisely  resolved  to  enlarge 

I.V.William-    the  accommodations  of  this  department  of  the  Hos|)ital.     This  work 

son  Wards   ^yas  undertaken  in  the  summer  of  1891,  and  brought  to  completion 

.rt-cte     or  (]y,j„„  d^g  [.j^j  nionih  of  this  year.     The  whole  number  of  beds  for 
hfiiiale  ° 

I'aiii-nts.    patients   and    attendants   added    is   forty-one.      The   building    is  an 

extension  of  the  North  wing  of  the  original  structure.      These  wards 


1  lie  I.  \'.  Willl.iinsoii  Waul  — Dcp.'irtineiit  for  Women — SiUn'>^  Kuoni. 

have    been    named    the    "  I.    V.   Williamson    Wards,"    in    ))erpetual 

remembrance  of  one  of  the  eminent  benefactors  of  the  Hospital. 

rift  of  ^"   I'^^O'i  th*^    Managers   made  a  concession  of  a  strip  of  land 

GroHiicl   extending  from  Market  Street  to  Haverford  Avenue,  80  feet  wide,  to 

to  City,    the  City,  on  condition  that  a  sewer  should  be  constructed  without 

coiidiiioiiL-d   ^,Qj.j  jQ  ,|^g  Hospital,  along  the  course  of  Mill  Creek,  to  connect  at 

C    St    c-ti<m   ^°^^  points  with  sewers  already  prepared.     This  construction  divides 

of  Scwir.    the  113  acres  of  the  Hospital  property  into  two  nearly  ecpial  jjarts  of 

upwards  of  fifty  acres  each. 


192 


In   1889,   the  Managers  acquired   possession  of  a  tract  of  land 

in  Delaware  County,  which  it  was  thought  might  in  the  future  be  desir-   Ground 

able  for  the  purposes  of  the  Hospital.  Purchased 

_  .,  ,  .  ,,  „„.     .  ,       ,      „,         for  Additions 

At  a  Contributors   meeting,  May  3,  1886,  it  was  resolved:    1  hat   j^  the 

the  Board  of  Managers  Ije  authorized,  whenever  in  their  judgment  it    Department 

may  be  expedient,  to  purchase  such  area  of  land,  within  a  reasonable   for  Insane. 

distance  from  the  city,  not  exceeding  500  acres,  in  order  to  prepare  a 

site  for  such  future  adjuncts  or  additions  to  their  Hospital  as  may 

hereafter  be  required  or  found  desirable. 

Acommittee  wasappointed,  on  June  7, 1886,  with  power  to  carry  out 
the  purposes  of  the  resolution,  who  duly  reported  the  making  of  con  tracts 
to  purchase  several  farms  at  Xewtown  Square,  Delaware  County.  This 
purchase  secures  for  the  future  all  the  elements  of  space,  pure  atmos- 
phere, elevation  and  convenience  of  access,  which  may  be  required 
for  enlargement  of  the  department,  corresponding  to  the  increasing 
demands  upon  its  resources. 

May  4,  1891,  "during  the  year,  the  Tyson  farm,  containing  53.47 
acres,  was  added  to  the  Delaware  County  Estate,  making  the  whole 
acreage  about  607.94  acres,  and  enabling  us  to  control  all  the  water 
courses  which  have  their  origin  in  and  flow  through  our  territory  ; 
the  deed  was  made  and  confirmed  by  Court,  the  negotiations  being 
conducted  by  our  late  President,  at  a  cost  of  Sio,8oo.  These  farms 
are  made  available  for  milk  and  produce  supplies  of  the  Hospital  in 
West  Philadelphia,  furnishing  500  quarts  and  upwards  daily." 

It  was  considered  practicable  and  desirable  to  prepare  one  of  the 
farm-houses  on  the  premises  for  the  accommodation  of  a  small  family  of 
jiatients,  who  were  in  a  stage  of  convalescence,  and  for  those  who  would 
appreciate  a  change  from  hospital  existence  to  the  freedom  of  the  coun- 
try and  family  life.  The  colon)-  was  changed  from  time  to  time.  In 
addition,  a  carriage  conveyed  several  patients  daily  to  the  farm  as  the 
w-eather  permitted,  who  spent  the  day  there,  returning  at  the  close  of 
the  day.  The  number  .who  also  had  the  opportunity  of  spending  a 
week  or  more  at  the  farm  and  have  had  the  ride  to  and  from  the  farm, 
has  ranged  from  two  hundred  to  two  hundred  and  fifty,  during  the 
season  of  three  or  four  months  of  each  year  the  house  has  been 
occupied.  It  has  thus  been  shown  that  with  moderate  preparations,  a 
large  number  of  patients  have  had  the  benefit  and  enjoyment  of  a 
change  from  the  city  to  the  country ;  that  in  a  large  number  of  cases 
a  decided  change  toward  recovery  commenced  and  continued  ;  and 
that  the  farm-house  at  Newtown  Scjuare  has  made  a  contribution  to 
experience,  which  must  have  weight  whenever  plans  for  a  new  hospital 
come  up  for  consideration. 

193 


Ill  1S92,  '•  the  success  of  the  efforts  to  make  the  607.94  acres  of 
our  Delaware  County  farms  available  by  offering  the  enjoyment  of 
rural  life  to  the  convalescent  |>atients,  has  led  to  the  designing  of  a 
new  building  to  accommodate  forty  patients,  to  be  constructed  it  is 
ho])ed  in  the  near  future.  It  will  be  101  feet  long,  37^2  feet  wide, 
with  a  dining-room  21  feet  by  31  feet.  Much  thought  has  been  given 
to  the  character  of  this  new  edifice,  both  in  relation  to  its  internal 
accommodation  and  its  future  relation  to  additional  structures.  The 
one  now  contemplated  will  cost  about  ^535, 000  lo  540,000." 
Ri'siiitsof  Reviewing  the  work  in  the  Department  for  the  Insane,  since  the 

Half  t\imirv   removal    to    West    Philadelphia,    the    Sujierintendent,    Dr.    Chapin, 
sums  it  up  as  follows : 

Of  thf  results  of  tifly  yiarsnf  a<liniiii!sti'alii>ii  ol  tin-  ilipartiiKiu  (••>■  tla-  iiisaiii-, 
it  may  \)v  slatid  it  has  nift  all  IIr-  (k'Hiaiuls  upon  it  in  a  liberal  tnaiiiK'r.  After 
the  construction  and  equipment  of  wards  and  the  addition  of  new  wards,  from 
time  to  time,  its  affairs  have  been  so  c  inducted  that  no  impairment  of  its  capital 
h.as  occurred.  The  Department  has  been  nearly  self-suslainin);  from  receipts  for 
board  of  patients.  It  has  been  demonstrated  tliat,  the  plant  beiliH  furnished,  the 
larjjer  ])r*)portion  of  patients  have  been  able  to  pay  the  cost  of  their  maintenance. 
In  computing  the  charge  to  be  made  for  board  and  treatment,  the  interest  on  the 
cost  of  the  i)lant.  which  would  be  a  considerable  sum,  lias  not  entered  into  the 
account.  That  the  plan  has  been  practicable  and  has  met  an  actual  necessity  in 
this  community,  appears  by  the  fact  that  neither  the  state,  nor  any  other  charitable 
orKanization,  has  undertaken  to  do  e.\actly  the  line  of  work  carried  out  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital.  Suitable  wards  have  been  provided  and  furnished,  also 
medical  service  and  attendance,  suited  to  all  conditions  and  reasonable  require- 
ments. The  Managers  have  also  deemed  it  their  duty  lo  consider  and  approve 
many  worthy  ai>plications  for  adnussion  at  less  than  the  actual  cost  of  main- 
tenance. They  have  also  made  the  best  use  of  the  number  of  free  beds  at  their 
disposal. 
.Applications  At  all  times  there  have  been  application  for  relief  beyond  the  available  means 

for  Relief  of  the  Hospital  and  the  need  of  its  benefactions  will  rather  increase  than  diminish 
Continue  to    '"  cominK  years.     The  petitions  for  relief  come  first  to  the  Managers,  so  that  they 
Kxceed  the    become  familiar  with  the  nature  of  the   claims   that   come   before   them.     Kvery 
.Available    year  shows   a   constant   demand   upon   the    charity    of  the    Hospital   and    the 
Means.    Managers  have  deemed  it  a  duty  to  deserving  persons,  as  well  as  in  the  line  of  a 
faithful  execution  of  their  trust,  to  bring  to  the   fre<pient  notice  of  their  fellow- 
citizens  the  needs  of  the  Hospital  through  the  medium  of  their  annual  reports,  as 
they  cannot  so  well  be  presented  in  any  other  way. 
Maintenance  lu  the  great  work  of  the  Hospital  at  every  stage  of  its  progress  nuich  careful 

of  Depart-    consideration  was  devoted  to  obtain  the  most  desirable  site  and  plans  for  build- 
ment  for    ing-     The  jilans  were  the  best  expression  of  the  medical  thought  and  experience 
Insane    of  their  ilay.     The  sum  of  $650,000  was  exi)ended  in  the  purchase  of  land,  build- 
dependent    iugs,  an<i  furniture,  and  at  a  time  when  the   cost  of  construction  was   much  less 
upon  volun-    than  at  the  present  time.     As  other  figures  may  be  of  interest  in  this  connection, 
tary  gifts    it  '"ay  be  stated  that  from  the  year  i«4i  to  ifigj,  the  aggregate  sum  received  for 
and  bequests,    board   and   treatment   of  patients   amounted   to  S6.o25,i4.s.6i    and   the   amount 
e.xpended   for   the    same  purposes   (e.xclusive  of  building)   was   $6,112,349.47 — 
exceeding  the  receipts  by  $87,200.86.     .As  has  been  stated,  the  Managers  have  not 

194 


Property 
.f  the 


been  uiimindful  of  the  claims  of  the  indigent  insane.  Since  1841,  this  Dei)artnU'nt 
has  received  free  ])atients  admitted  in  accordance  with  its  rules,  and  other  patients 
at  reduced  charges,  who  gave  promise  of  relief  or  recovery — the  books  of  the 
department  show  that  the  sum  of  §91 1,300  has  been  expended  in  the  care  and 
treatment  of  these  classes. 

At  the  i)resent  date  the  i)roperty  and  jjlant  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
Departments  for  the  Insane  consist  of  one  hundred  and  thirteen  acres  of  land  : 
a  building  for  the  accommodation  of  two  hundred  and  forty  men  and  buildings  for  Department 
two  hundred  and  fifty  women  ;  a  gymnastic  building  for  each  on  their  resi>ective  f,,,.  j„sane 
grounds  ;  two  museum  buildings  on  the  grounds  of  the  department  for  women. 
Also  a  building  for  the  residence  of  the  physician  and  superintendent ;  barns, 
stables,  carriage-houses,  carpenter  and  repair  shops,  and  green  houses  at  each 
department,  together  with  the  furniture  necessary  for  the  conduct  of  a  hospital 
of  the  first  class. 

The  career  of  this  Department  is  a  practical  illustration  of  faith  accompany- 
ing good  works.  It  will  stand  in  the  future,  as  it  has  in  the  past,  as  an  object  lesson 
and  as  an  example  of  a  well-managed  benevolent  institution  and  medical  charity 
in  the  community  in  which  it  is  located.  It  has  brought  happines.s  and  consola- 
tion to  thousands  of  families  throughout  the  land.  Its  influence  and  principles 
have  been  reflected  in  the  organization  and  administration  of  similar  institutions 
in  other  States.  It  has  inspired  and  stimulated  others  to  make  eflbrts  in  new  fields 
of  human  benevolence.  It  has  blessed  the  benefactors  as  well  as  the  recipients 
of  its  benefits.  Its  noble  buildings,  and  their  history,  turn  the  thoughts  of  the 
beholder  to  the  earthly  work  of  the  Divine  Master. 


^95 


THOMAS  STORY  KIRKBRIDE.  M.D..  1.1..!). 
IN  MEMORIAM. 

Thomas  Story  Kirkbride  was  born  near  Morrisville,  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  at  the  paternal  home  on  the  hanks  of  the  Delaware,  on 
the  31st  of  July,  1809.  His  ancestors,  like  himself,  were  members  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  and  both  branches  of  his  family  were  among 
the  first  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  who  came  to  this  country  with 
"William  Penn.  His  father's  ancestors  were  from  the  parish  of  Kirkbride, 
in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  England.  On  settling  in  America,  they 
took  up  land  in  the  lower  part  of  Bucks  County,  much  of  which 
remained  in  the  possession  of  their  descendants  until  1867.  His 
father,  John  Kirkbride,  built,  before  his  marriage,  the  house  in  which 
he  lived  until  his  death,  in  1864.  His  mother  was  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Thomas  and  Rachel  Story,  of  Newtown  Township,  Bucks  County. 

.\fter  attending  schools  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home,  he  spent 
four  years  at  a  noted  classical  school  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  after- 
wards devoted  a  year  to  the  sjjccial  study  of  the  higher  mathematics 
at  Burlington,  N.  J.  The  following  year  wa.s  sjjent  on  his  father's 
farm  in  practical  pursuits  which  he  felt  in  later  years  to  have  been  of 
permanent  advantage  to  his  health.  At  the  close  of  these  agricultural 
months,  he  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Nicholas  de  Belleville,  of  Trenton, 
a  distinguished  physician  and  surgeon,  who  came  from  France  with  the 
forces  under  Lafayette  in  the  American  Revolution. 

In  1S32,  Dr.  Kirkbride  graduated  in  medicine  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  was  immediately  appointed  Resident  Physician 
of  the  Friends'  Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Frankford,  remaining  there 
until  his  election  as  Resident  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos])ital.  While 
at  the  Friends'  Asylum,  he  was  active  in  everything  relating  to  the 
care  of  the  patients  and  the  management  of  the  Institution,  and  on 
leaving  he  received  a  flattering  testimonial  from  the  Board  of  Managers 
and  privately  from  individual  members  a  confidential  request  to  return 
and  take  charge  of  the  Institution. 

He  then  spent  two  years  at  the  Penns)  Ivania  Hosjjital.  During 
the   second    year,    his    colleague    was    Dr.    William    W.    Gerhard. 

196 


'nt  >    euitiufni  CO.,  roiLA. 


Both  Residents  were  diligent  in  the  careful  examination  and  noting  of 
and  cases  under  treatment  ;  their  observations,  which  were  published 
separately,  were  among  the  early  Hospital  reports  issued  in  this 
country. 

In  1835  Dr.  Kirkbride  began  general  practice  in  Philadel|)hia. 
In  1839  he  married  Ann  West,  daughter  of  Joseph  R.  Jenks,  a  well- 
known  merchant  and  a  Manager  of  the  Hospital.  She  died  in  1862, 
leaving  a  daughter  and  a  son.  In  1866  he  married  Eliza,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  F.  Butler,  of  New  York,  Attorney-General  under  Presidents 
Jackson  and  Van  Buren,  who  with  four  children  survives  him. 

Dr.  Kirkbride  was  a  constant  visitor  at  the  Hospital,  keeping  up 
his  intimacy  with  the  Medical  Staff  there  engaged.  The  resignation 
of  his  friend,  Dr.  John  Rhea  Barton,  led  him  to  anticipate  an  appoint- 
ment as  his  successor  as  Surgeon  to  the  Hospital  in  the  autumn  of  1840. 
One  summer  morning,  when  walking  in  Race  Street,  he  met  his  friend 
John  Paul,  an  active  member  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  who,  to  his 
entire  surprise,  asked  what  would  induce  him  to  relinquish  his  long 
cherished  plans  and  accept  instead  the  office  of  Physician-in-Chief 
and  Superintendent  of  the  new  Department  for  the  Insane. 

It  was  a  matter  for  very  serious  consideration.  His  professional 
friends  regarded  the  change  as  ill-advised,  indeed  almost  without 
justification.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  opportunity  of  starting  a  new 
institution,  of  developing  new  forms  of  management,  and,  in  fact,  of 
giving  a  new  character  to  the  care  of  the  insane,  Dr.  Kirkbride  finally, 
saw  inducement  to  forego  his  prospects  of  distinction  as  a  surgeon. 
Without  any  solicitation,  or  even  application,  on  his  part,  he  was 
elected  October  12,  1840,  to  the  post  which  he  occupied  until  his 
death. 

.\fter  visiting  institutions  for  the  insane  to  the  north  and  east  of 
Philadelphia,  he  moved  the  following  December,  with  his  famil\-,  to 
the  old  mansion  house  within  the  Hospital  grounds. 

From  this  time  Dr.  Kirkbride's  ability  and  varied  gifts  were  con- 
secrated to  the  insane.  His  energy  and  enthusiasm  never  flagged  and 
his  duties  kept  him  always  at  his  i)ost.  His  forty-two  .\nnual  Hosjiital 
Reports  give  the  record  of  his  life.  They  are  at  once  the  history  of 
the  institution  and  the  story  of  his  own  untiring  service.  So  com- 
pletely indeed  is  his  career  identified  with  the  medical  care  and  cure  of 
the  insane  in  hospital,  that  some  knowledge  of  this  subject  is  necessary 
for  any  true  conception  of  his  character  and  work.  He  represents  a  great 
idea,  which  he  found  worthy  of  life-long  devotion.  Eyes  trained 
by  knowledge  to  see  his  own  ideal  and  to  descry  the  Hospital  of  the 
future  as  it  stood  before  his  vision,  can  alone  fully  perceive  the  value,  or 

197 


the  incaninf,'  of  his  labors.  His  earliest  reports  are  peculiarly  interest- 
ing as  character  stiuiies.  Written  shortly  after  he  had  entered  the 
specialty,  they  reveal  marvelous  maturity  of  thought  and  firm  grasp 
of  the  latest  principles  in  the  care  of  the  insane,  while  the  entire 
series  of  Reports  form  a  valuable  treatise  on  insanity  and  the  relations 
of  the  community  to  the  insane. 

I  ir.  Kirkbride  was  one  of  the  "original  thirteen"  physicians, 
who,  in  1844,  founded  the  Association  of  Medical  Superintendents, 
now  the  American  Medico- Psychological  Association.  He  was  its 
first  Secretary,  serving  seven  years;  its  Vice-President,  for  seven 
years,  and  its  President  from  1862  to  1870.  He  took  the  greatest 
interest  in  its  proceedings,  and  was  rarely  absent  from  the  meetings. 

The  interests  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  its  great  work  of 
caring  for  the  sick  and  injured,  lay  next  in  his  heart  to  the  jirosperity 
of  the  Dejiartment  for  the  Insane.  His  ])Ower  of  winning  friendship 
was  great  and  his  relations  to  the  Board  of  Managers  were  always 
characterized  by  unbroken  confidence  and  mutual  regard,  which 
ripened  in  numerous  instances  into  warmest  intimacy.  He  ensured 
their  co-operation  by  strict  conscientiousness  and  unceasing  labor. 

In  1853,  after  passing  through  a  period  of  ill-health,  but  not  of 
cessation  from  active  duty,  he  felt  that  his  "  term  of  service  had  been 
nearly  as  protrai:ted  as  can  be  required  of  one  individual,"  but  he 
worked  on  with  the  same  ardor  thirty  years  longer — and  this  with  a 
physique  far  from  robust. 

Within  the  wards  he  found  his  chief  delight  in  the  exercise  of 
that  benign  power  over  the  insane  in  which  he  was  unrivalled.  To 
know  him  thoroughly  one  needed  to  see  him  surrounded  by  those  to 
whom  his  life  was  devoted.  Dignity,  tempered  by  gentleness,  invari- 
able courtesy,  tenderest  sympathy  and  tact  marked  all  his  intercourse 
with  his  patients.  His  "tranquil  grace  of  tone  and  look"  and 
manner,  his  wonderful  i)atience  and  his  genial  disposition  brought 
healing  influences,  which  were  strengthened  by  the  resolute  firmness, 
the  unyielding  i)erseverance  and  fortitude  of  his  character.  The  sane 
and  the  insane  recognized  within  him  a  rare  spiritual  force. 

In  1854,  the  wards  were  so  over-crowded  that  further  admissions 
were  necessarily  refused.  He  then  suggested  the  erection  of  a  sejjarate 
building,  for  males  only,  and  published  an  •'  Appeal  for  the  Insane," 
besides  writing  many  articles  for  the  newspapers.  He  imparted  his 
own  enthusiasm  to  others,  and  many  citizens,  including  the  whole 
Hoard  of  Managers,  threw  themselves  most  heartily  into  the  work. 

For  thirty  years,  although  not  always  prominently  before  the 
public,  his  counsel  was  constantly  sought  bv  the  medical  societies  and 

198 


successive  Legislatures  of  Pennsylvania,  in  every  movement  relating  to 
the  care  of  the  insane. 

His  yearly  Reports  and  his  work  on  the  Construction  of 
Hospitals  for  the  Insane  are  his  principal  writings,  but  he  frequently 
contributed  essays,  reviews,  and  notices  to  the  medical  journals,  and 
wrote  frequently  for  the  newspajjers,  especially  the  old  "  United  States 
Gazette"  and  "North  American."  Memoirs  of  his  valued  friends, 
Dr.  William  Pepper,  Sr.,  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Dr.  Isaac  Ray,  the  author  of  the 
"  Medical  Jurisprudence  of  Insanity,"  were  written  by  request  of  the 
College  of  Physicians. 

Dr.  Kirkbride  was  a  member  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  the 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society,  the  Franklin  Institute,  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  British  Medico-Psychological 
Association,  etc.  ;  he  was  for  ten  years  a  Trustee  of  the  State  Lunatic 
Asylum  at  Harrisburg,  Pa. ,  and  for  more  than  forty  years  a  Manager  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind.  In  1880, 
Lafayette  College,  Pa.,  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 

In  1880,  after  recovery  from  a  severe  illness  of  several  months, 
he  returned  with  renewed  ardor  to  his  accustomed  work.  Three 
years  of  active  duty  followed,  during  which,  with  less  of  physical 
strength,  but  if  possible,  with  more  energy  of  spirit  than  before,  his 
presence  was  again  the  life  and  hope  of  the  Hospital  and  of  his  home. 

In  March,  1883,  he  was  prostrated  by  typhoid-pneumonia.  His 
illness  lasted  nine  months.  He  died  peacefully  December  i6th,  in 
the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age.  The  late  Professor  S.  D.  Gross,  in 
his  Autobiography,  thus  described  Dr.  Kirkbride's  appearance: 

•'In  personal  appearance  Dr.  Kirkbride  was  eminently  attractive. 
He  was  of  medium  height,  with  a  fine  physique,  a  well-shaped  head, 
and  a  countenance  highly  expressive  of  benevolence  and  warmth  of 
heart.  His  voice  was  sweet  and  gentle,  and  his  presence  and 
demeanor  were  such  as  to  win  at  once  the  affection  and  confidence  of 
his  most  wayward  patients." 

One  of  his  oldest  assistants.  Dr.  John  Curwen,  wrote  as  follows  : 

"  Laboring  with  a  single  aim  for  the  relief  and  welfare  of  those 
to  whose  care  he  had  devoted  more  than  forty  years  of  his  life,  he  has 
left  behind  him,  in  what  he  has  written  and  in  what  he  has  done,  a 
monument  which  will  stand  so  long  as  the  care  of  the  insane  will 
require  the  aid  of  those  Institutions  with  which  his  name  and  his 
fame  have  been  so  closely  connected." 

199 


By  resolution  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  an  extended  Memorial 
of  Dr.  Kirkbride's  life  was  jmblished  with  the  annual  re|)ort  of  the 
Hospital  to  the  Contributors  for  the  year  1S83. 

At  a  sjjecial  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  ilic  Hospital, 
held  December  17th,  18CS3,  the  members  adopted  a  minute  and 
resolutions  expressive  of  their  sense  of  the  great  loss  they  had  sus- 
tained and  of  their  estimation  of  the  value  of  his  services;  they  also 
directed  that  a  tablet  be  placed  in  the  Centre  Hall  of  the  Department 
for  Women,  bearing  the  following  inscription  : 


THIS  TABLKT 

RKCORDS  rilK  AKFKCTION  ("I  I  KR  ISI I  i;i )  l-i  iK    I'llK 

MKMORV  OK 

TIlilMASS.  KlRKIiRIDK.  M.  D. 

FOR  MORK  THAN  FoRTY-TW'O  VICARS 

PHYSICIAN  IN  CHIEF  AND  Sll'KRINTKNDKNT 

OF  THK 

HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

IN  CHARCEOF 

THE  CONTRIBUTORS  TO  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 

l.N  HIS  OKKKIAI,  DITIES,  FAITHFCI,  .ANI>  EKKICIKM  . 
rN  HIS  I'KOPESSION,  SKII-KII.  AM)  INTIRINC;. 

IN  HIS  iii;nkvoi.IvNci5,  wise  and  FAR-SEEINC. 

IN  HIS  CHRISTIAN  FAITH,  SINCERE  AND  STEADFAST. 
IN   EVERY  RELATION  OF  I.IFE,  TENDER  AND  INSEI.FISH. 
HE  WAS 

IN  HIS  PRACTICAL  WORK  IN  THIS  INSTITITION  THE 

FIRM  VET  MOST 

GENTLE  AND  SYMPATHETIC 

FRIEND  AND  HEALER. 

AND 

BY  HIS  LIFE  LONC  AND  SICCESSFCL  LABORS  ON  BEHALF 

OF  THE  INSANE 

A  BENEFACTOR  OF  .MANKIND. 

HE  DIED 

AT  HIS  HOME,   IN  THE  GROfNDS  OF  THIS  HOSIMTAI, 

ON  THE 

|6tH  day  of  I2TH   MONTH,    1883, 

IN  THE 

SEVENTV-FIFTH  VKAR  OF  HIS  ACE. 


''^''^"ihmxandlwiUteV 


PATIENTS. 

At  the  time  when  the  Hospital  was  opened,  the  present  customary 
distinctions  between  medical  and  surgical  practice,  and  other  special   ''^''^  Medical 
departments,  were  not  generally  observed,  and  jiatients  were  attended   '        .    . 
indiscriminately,  by  any  member  of  the  Hosjjital  staff  who  happened   all  Classes 
at  the  time  to  be  on  duty.     Each  member  apparently  was  considered   of  Patients 
competent  to  treat  all  classes  of  cases  that  came  into  the  institution,    '"fiiscnmi- 
and  in  grave  cases  the  entire  staff  was  required   to   be  summoned   in 
consultation.      It    was    the   specialty   of    obstetrics    which    first   was 
officially  recognized  in  iSio,  when  the  Managers  elected  Dr.  Thomas 
Chalkely  James  and  designated  him  especially  as  "Ph\'sician  to  the 
Lying-in   Department."     With  this  exception,   the   members  of  the 
medical  staff,  in  the  minutes  referring  to  their  appointments  or  resig- 
nations, are  designated  either  as  "physicians"   or  "physicians  and 
surgeons"    collectively,    until    the    Managers   at    the    meeting   held   Special 
September  5,  1821,  were  led  into  making  this  distinction  a  permanent    Practice 
one  in  the  institution,  apparently,  by  the  wording  of  the  resignation     "''^"  ucei . 
of  Dr.  Joseph  Hartshorne,  dated  August  27  : 

Be  pleased  to  accept  the  resign.ation  of  my  office  as  one  of  the  Surgeons  of 
the  Hospital  and  receive  at  the  same  time  the  Assurance  of  my  best  wishes  for 
the  prosperity  of  the  Institutidii  and  for  the  heallh  and  liappiness  of  each  indi- 
vidual of  your  Board. 

Ordered,  that  at  the  Stated  Meeting  in  the  loth  month  next,  the  Board  will 
proceed  to  elect  a  Surgeon,  to  supply  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation 
of  Dr.  Hartshorne. 


At  the  meeting  in  October,  the  following  aj^ijears: 

The  Board  haviiiK  Rranted  tlie  request  of  Doctor  Win.  Price  and  transferred 
Division    him  from  the  Medical  to  the  SurRical  Department  lately  vacated  by  the  resigna- 
of  Medical    tion  of  Doctor  Hartshorne,  preceded  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  transfer 
Service,    of  Doctor  Price,  when  Dr.  John  Wilson  .Moore  was  duly  elected. 

It  appears  from  this  minute  that,  in  1821,  the  staff  had 
already  made  the  distinction  between  physicians  and  stirgeons,  and 
the  Managers  now  officially  recognized  a  Surgical  department  as 
existing,  although  no  [irevious  reference  to  surgery  as  a  special  branch 
of  practice  occurs  on  the  records. 

When  the  annual  election  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  was  held, 
on  May  12,  1823,  the  members  of  the  staff  were  officially  divided,  for 
the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  Hospital.  The  results  of  the  elec- 
tion were  entered  upon  the  minutes  as  follows: 

Physicians,  John  C.  Otto.  John  W.  Moore,  Samuel  Kmlen. 
Surgeons.  Joseph  Parrish,  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  John  Rhea  Barton. 
Physicians  for  the  Lyin;;-in  Department.  Thomas  C.  James,  John  Moore. 

From  this  time  forward  the  same  system  of  classification  has 
been  followed,  except,  that  when  it  was  decided  to  finally  close  the 
Lying-in  wards,  in  1854,  physicians  to  this  department  ceased  to  be 
elected  at  the  annual  meetings.  In  1852,  an  additional  physician  and 
surgeon  were  added  to  the  staff,  making  it  consist  of  four  physicians 
and  four  surgeons,  which  is  the  number  at  present  composing  the 
medical  staff  of  the  Pine  Street  department. 

In  1840,  Dr.  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride  was  elected  Medical  Sujjcrin- 

tendent  of  the  Insane  Department,  thus  recognizing  another  specialty 

in  medical  practice.    Subsequently,  the  Managers  elected  a  consulting 

Special   ^iQ^ff^  representing  various  specialties,   in  connection  wiih  the  Insane 

Departments    _  r  i         ^        i^     •  t^  i  i 

<t(  M  died    Department.     In    the    Out-Patient    Dejjartment,  also,   tlie  service   is 
Practice,   divided  up  among  the  recognized  departments  of  special  practice. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  benevolent  work  of  the  Hosi)ilal,  no 
invidious  distinctions  of  race,  nationality,  or  color  among  patients 
were  observed  or  permitted,  in  fact  in  the  matter  of  nativity  nearly 
every  country  and  people  appears  to  be  represented.  No  questions 
with  regard  to  creed  or  religious  belief  were  asked  of  those  who 
sought  assistance  within  its  walls,  the  spirit  of  the  institution  being 
expressed  by  the  emblem  of  the  Good  Samaritan  upon  its  seal,  who 
was  willing  to  find  a  neighbor  in  every  one  having  need.  Many 
interesting  extracts  might  be  made  from  the  Hospital  records  of  rare 
and  curious  cases  of  disease  and  injury,  but  for  these  the  reader  is 
referred  to  the  "  Reports  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  Vols.  I  and 
II  (published  in  1868  and  1869),  and  "Surgery  in    the    Pennsylvania 

202 


Hospital  "  (published  in  1880),  also  to  reports  of  clinical  lectures 
published  in  the  current  medical  journals.  Many  quaint  records  of 
cases  belonging  to  a  former  era  of  the  history  of  the  Hospital  appear 
upon  the  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  some  of  which  may  be 
found  in  a  previous  section. 

Among  the  earliest  patients  were  household    servants,  many  of  Kv.cordsof 
whom    were    African   slaves,  belonging   to   citizens  of    Philadelphia.    Early  Cases. 
The  first  to  be  entered  was,  "  Aug.  6,  1752,  a  negro  of  Robert  Raw- 
linson's  admitted  at  ten  shillings  per  week  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Thos. 
Bond."       The  second  on   the  minutes,   however,   was   not   of    this 
character.     The  entry  was  as  follows:   "  Mav   3.   1753,  a  poor  free 


QAt/,,  S^.L/!//' 


Order  for  Admission  of  Patient,  sillied  by  Franklin  and  directed  tu  llie  Matron. 

negro  man  named  Sambo  admitted  as  a  charity  patient  on  application 
of  Doctor  Shippen."  May  12th,  "A  negro  man  belonging  to  Benjn. 
Sweet  of  New  Castle,  named  Mingo,  was  admitted  at  icf  p.  week, 
a  private  patient  of  Dr.  Thos.  Bond's,  who  engages  for  payment,  etc." 
A  curious  discrimination,  as  it  appears  at  the  present  day,  was  made 
against  a  common  skin  disease,  in  the  following  case :  "On  Jan.  5, 
1754,  Conrad  .-Xrmbruster,  a  poor  man  apply'd  for  admission,  but 
being  examined  by  the  Doctors,  was  not  admitted,  having  the  Itch." 
It  appears  that  leprosy  in  those  days  was  considered  more  amenable 

203 


to  treatment  than  the  itch,  tor  we  read,  "May  ^iS,  1759,  Admitted 
liUfrfstinK  Simon  Newtrobe,  Leprous,  a  poore  patient  John  Mease  his  security." 
Inculfiit.-il  1'^^  present   system  of    convalescent    liosi)itals   located    in   the 

suburbs,  or  out  in  the  coimtry,  was  foreshadowed  in  the  next  case, 
which  also  shows  that  hygienic  remedies  were  not  despised,  Aug. 
2ist,  1754.  "  The  Physicians  being  of  o])inion  that  Sea-air  and  Salt- 
water would  be  of  great  service  to  Robert  Barrington,  the  matron  was 
ordered  to  provide  him  some  necessaries  and  Samuel  Rowland  con- 
sented to  take  him  to  Lewes." 

The  glimpses  of  historical  facts  afforded  by  the  next  items  give 
them  unusual  interest.  Oct.  9,  1754.  "a  French  deserter  afflicted 
with  Remittent  Fever"  was  admitted.  "March  31,  1756,  Admitted 
David  Howell,  a  poor  Patient  fro(Th  Herks  County,  having  a  Clunshot 
wound  and  fractured  Bone  in  one  .Arm  done  the  6lh  inst.  by  the 
Enemy  Indians,  James  Biddle  of  said  County  Security."  Also,  later, 
Oct.  3,  1764,  "Admitted  Margaret  Sinclair,  a  ijoor  patient,  with 
Disiness  in  the  Head  having  been  much  abused  by  the  Indians." 
Oct.  30,  1759,  "Admitted  Wm.  Bourdcaux  a  poor  patient  one  of  the 
french  Neutrals  dangerously  ill  of  the  jnitrid  fever."  Feb.  25,  1760. 
"Admitted  Michael  Butler,  a  Poor  Patient,  with  Foul  Ulcers  he 
came  lately  out  of  a  French  Prison,  the  present  Managers  his 
Security."  May  25,  1761,  "  Adiniuid  Jose])li  l'"al)re  a  French 
Prisoner." 

Patients,  it  ajipears,  occasionally  neglected  to  observe  the 
formality  of  a  regular  discharge.  Thus,  "May  6,  1756,  John 
Osbourn,  being  cured,  marched  off  on  the  17th  instant,  without  being 
regularly  dismissed,"  and  "June  28,  1765,  Sarah  Scott  Run  away 
Cured."  Januarys,  1757,  "  Absconded.  William  Craham  Eloped  Sth 
inst.  from  the  Hospital."  Some  of  the  diagnoses  appear  a  little 
peculiar,  for  instance,  Feb'y  2,  1757,  "admitted  Philip  Pedro,  a 
poor  patient  labouring  under  a  Leucophlegmatic,  at  the  request  of  Dr. 
Kearsley,  Senior,"  he  soon  afterwards  "dyed."  March  2,  1757, 
"Admitted  Andrew  Way,  a  i)Oor  Boy  with  a  Bloody  Excresence 
on  his  Back,  Mary  Wistar,  his  Security."  June  29,  1761,  "Dyed, 
Ann  Brown,  yesterday  &  buried  yesterday  Evening." 

Some  of  the  patients  were  polite  enough  to  return  thanks  on 
leaving  the  Hospital,  and  the  fact  is  thought  of  such  importance 
(perhaps  as  establishing  a  precedent),  that  it  is  entered  upon  the 
minutes.  The  following  is  an  illustration  of  this  and  also  shows  that 
the  Managers  could  be  inquisitive  at  times.  "Jan.  18,  1758. 
Discharged  Michael  Aspen  as  much  relieved  as  the  -\ir  of  the 
Hospital  would  admit  of;    he  returned  thanks,  &  is  continued  as  an 

204 


Out    Patient.     N.    B.   His   Master  Jacob   Miller  afterwards  appeared 

and  acknowledged   that  Michael   was  his  Apprentice.     Query,  how  Admissions 

came  he  admitted  as  poor  &  without  pay  ?  "     At  the  present  day,  the   ^"^  , 

,     ,         ,,.,,.  „       .  ,        ,  ,   Discharges 

question  might  be  asked,  if  this  w^as  a  reflection  upon  the  character  of  ^f  Patients. 

the  "  Air  of  the  Hospital  "  or  was  the  observation  intended  to  apply 

merely  to  the  unsuitability  of  the  patient  to  his  surroundings? 

The  first  time  that  the  words  "  dollars  "  appears  in  the  minutes 
is  in  connection  with  the  admission  of  a  patient  January  26,  1761, 
"  Elizabeth  Bashfull  a  poor  patient  and  an  Asthma  &  Rheumatism, 
paid  the  Steward  4  dollars  for  Security." 

On  April  25th,  there  was  admitted  "  William  Pierce  a  Soldier  of 
the  Royal  American  with  an  Hydrops  Ascitis  Siccus,  or  Tympany," 
also  on  October  26,  1762,  "Admitted  a  Negro  Boy  of  John 
Gilliland's  with  Guinea  Worms  in  his  feet."  July  6th,  "Admitted 
Joseph  Walker  with  a  Scorbutic  Habit  iV  Sinuous  Ulcer  in  his  Thigh," 
his  board  is  to  be  recovered  if  possible,  from  "  Capt.  Jno.  Morrison, 
who  (as  he  says)  has  been  the  cause  of  his  Illness  by  beating  and 
other  hard  Treatment."  The  cases  were  principally  acute  diseases  and 
accidents.  Chronic  disease,  however,  was  no  bar  to  admission.  The 
first  case  of  phthisis  was  received  August  3,  1757,  as  we  learn  from 
the  following  rninute,  "  .Admitted  Samuel  Steel  (a  poor  patient)  in  a 
Consumption.     Mrs.  Franklin  his  Security." 

In  1758,  several  poor  Indians  were  admitted,  and  the  records 
state  that  one  named  Moses  Titany  died,  October  30th,  of  a  "  Tumor 
in  his  Throat."  Dec.  26,  1785,  there  was,  "Admitted:  Bucksam  a  Chi- 
nese." July  30,  1787,  "Levi  Hollingsworth,  having  been  charged 
for  the  board  of  Oho  Wa.ssing  one  of  the  Chinese  Strangers  now 
represents  the  hardship  thereof;  as  it  was  entirely  thro'  humanity  he 
was  induced  to  give  such  security  which  being  considered  the  Board 
unanimously  agree  to  extinguish  the  debt." 

The  case  of  Wm.  Samuel  should  serve  asa  warning  to  all  refractory 
patients;  he  was  (November  27,  1758)  discharged  "for  refusing  to 
submit  to  the  advice  of  the  Physicians."  Subsequently,  several  other 
patients  have  had  a  similar  experience. 

The  following  is  somewhat  ambiguous:  "March  31,  1760, — 
Discharg'd  James  Romage  being  too  Ancient  to  hope  Success  from 
the  Operation  he  returned  thanks."  Likewise,  "June  30,  1760, 
Dyed  Catharine  McCormick  buried  this  day."  Also,  "  May  28,  1764, 
Admitted  Elizabeth  Bryan  with  a  Female  Fever."  On  the  same 
date,  we  learn  of  the  admission  of  "  Alexr.  Freeze  a  poor  Sailor  with 
the  Rose  Drop  the  Matron's  Security,"  also  of  Leonard  Baker  a 
poor    Patient    having    his    Bowels    much    Bruised;"    also    George 

205 


(iillinger  '•  with   the  dry  (iripes."     The   following  is  a  rare  but  not 
Hi-tnii.ir   improbable  diagnosis:   "  July  30,  1 764,  Admitted  Mary  Archibald  a 

Diauii.isis.  p^jjj.  p;,(jent  iiyft  of  ilrinking  of  cold  Water."  Excess  also  appeared 
to  be  the  cause  of  this  case,  "Aug.  26,  1765,  Discharged  Out  Patient 
John  Garswood  a  surfeit  or  stain  ;  "  but  the  record  is  not  explicit  as 
to  its  exact  character.  January  28,  1765,  furnishes  several  items  of 
interest,  thus:  "  Peter  Forster  Cured  went  away  i.\:  took  no  leave." 
"  Edward  McCormick  Cros'd  in  Love  gave  a  note  to  pay  when 
able."  It  would  be  curious  to  trace  the  subsequent  career  of  this 
liatient  to  find  out  if  he  was  eventually  cured  of  his  malady  and  if  so 
how  much  he  paid  the  Hospital  for  his  successful  treatment.  Anna 
Goetz  had  "  Histerick  Passions  her  Son  John  Goetz  her  Security." 
The  Managers'  careful  guardianship  over  the  interests  of  the  Hospital 
is  revealed  in  numerous  instances  thus,  (March  26,  1765):  "  Richard 
Day  admitted  on  pay  his  Jaw  Broke  being  much  abused  by  Philip 
Bush  who  is  bound  over  by  the  Mayor  on  whose  recommendation  Day 
is  received  and  it  is  expected  he  will  Oblige  Hush  to  pay  the  Charge." 
Oct.  3,  1764,  "Nameless  a  poor  Patient  much  Wounded  by  ])ersons 
unknown  in  this  City  in  the  Night." 

Surgical  operations  were  intended  to  be  recorded  in  the  operation- 
book  and  rarely  found  their  way  to  the  minutes,  but  the  following 
was  deemed  sufficiently  important  to  record  in  this  place:  "May 
27,  1765,  The  Operation  of  Cutting  James  Child  jun'r.  for  the  stone 
was  this  day  successfully  performed  by  Dr.  Thomas  Bond;  when  the 
stone  appeared  to  be  as  large  as  a  Hen's  Egg  &  weighed  two  ounces, 
two  drachms  and  one  half" 
First  Also   December    10,  1765,   "On    the    loth   day  of  Dec.    1765,3 

opcratif.ii   Stone  Weighing   1  oz  5  drachms    i-'j  Inch  Diameter  i-yi   in  length 
for  Stone  ^^^  extracted  by  Dr.  T.  Bond  from  a  lad  of  about  7  years  old." 

in  the 

Blacldir.  "^^  following  is  the  first  case  of  complete  blindness  recorded  on 

the  minutes,  and  well  illustrates  the  humanity  of  the  Managers.     A 
minute  under  date  of  April  28,  1760,  reads: 

James  Pemberton  is  Desir'd  to  insert  an  advertisement  in  the  next  "  Gazette  " 
nolyfyinK  that  Catherine  Smith,  the  Blind  Child,  about  10  Years  of  age,  who  has 
been  in  this  House  for  sometime  past,  it  is  now  proposed  should  be  bound  out  to 
some  person  of  approved  Character  who  will  undertake  to  instruct  her  in  such 
Business  as  she  may  be  capable  of,  to  enable  her  to  earn  her  living,  &  that  a  com- 
petent sum  of  Money  is  offer'd  to  be  (jiven  with  her  by  the  Provincial  Commis- 
sioners as  a  Reward  for  their  Care,  &  Instruction  of  her,  as  likewise  to  describe 
her  IJisposition  &  particularly  her  Circumstance. 

The  following  correspondence  and  official  action  thereon,  show 
conclusively  the  feelings  of  the  Managers  upon  the  subject  of  intem- 
perance and  the  direct  connection  between  abuse  of  alcoholic  drinks 

206 


and  disease,  pauperism  and  crime,  at  a  very  early  date  in  the  present 

century.  Intcni|)eraiice 

The  Managers  received   tlie  following  communication  from  the   '''■'■"K"i2''d  as 
Guardians  of  the  Poor  : 


:(  Cause  of 
III  health 
by  the 
Managers. 


"  At  a  special  meeting  of  the  board  of  Guardians  of  the  l'<mr  in  tlie  City  and 
liberties  of  Philadelphia,  November  19,  1801. 

"Whereas  it  is  apprehended  that  lessening  the  number  of  Public  houses 
will  have  a  direct  tendency  to  check  the  increase  of  paupers  and  lessen  tlie  taxes 
necessary  for  their  support. 

"  J^esoh'ed  that  Ebenezer  Hazard,  Edward  Pennington  and  John  Cooke  be  a 
committee  to  confer  with  such  Committee  as  may  be  appointed  by  the  Managers 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hosjiital  and  the  Inspectors  of  the  Prison  on  the  subject 
of  an  application  to  the  Mayor's  Court  and  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  recpiesting 
them  to  lessen  the  number  of  ])ublic  houses  in  the  City  and  liberties  and  that 
the  said  Committee  unite  with  those  other  Committees  in  drafting  and  presenting 
such  address. 
"  Extract  from  the  minutes.  John  Biddle,  Sec'rj'." 

The  Managers  sensible  of  the  great  injury  the  increased  number  of  public 
houses  and  tippling  houses  are  of  to  the  community  and  that  many  of  the  diseases 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  are  principally  owing  to  the  intemperance  of  those 
who  frequent  them,  do  agree  in  .sentiment  with  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor  on  the 
propriety  of  presenting  a  remonstrance  against  them  to  the  Mayor's  Court  and 
the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  and  for  the  purpose  effecting  a  co-operation  with 
them  and  the  Inspectors  of  the  Prison  if  possible  to  suppress  them,  the  Managers 
appoint  John  Dorsey,  Zaccheus  Collins  and  Paschall  Hollingsworth  to  unite  with 
the  Committee  of  Guardians  and  such  Committee  as  the  said  Inspectors  may 
name  to  prepare  a  suitable  remonstrance  on  the  occasion. 

The  Committee  on  the  memorial  to  the  Courts  of  Quarter  Sessions  and  to  the 
Mayor's  Courts  report — they  presented  the  following  which  was  afterwards  sup- 
jjorted  by  several  petitions  to  the  same  effect  from  a  number  of  citizens  : 

To  llie  Mayor's  Coiirl  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 

The  Guardians  of  the  Poor  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia, 

The  Inspectors  of  the  Prison  for  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia,  and 

The  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 

by  their  cominittees  appointed  for  this  purpose, — Respectfully  stutc 

That  your  Memorialists  are  seriously  alarmed  by  the  rapid  increa.se  of  the    Houses, 
number  of  the  objects  of  their  Care  and  have  been  hereby  led  to  a  consideration 
both  of  the  causes  thereof  and  the  consequences  necessarily  resulting  therefrom. 

Among  the  former  they  find  intemperance  to  be  the  principal  and  most  com- 
mon ;  and  that  this  is  greatly  promoted  by  taverns  and  other  licensed  Houses  for 
retailing  spirituous  liquors  having  become  unnecessarily  numerous.  The  latter 
are  too  obvious  to  need  a  particular  detail  but  your  Memorialists  deem  it  not 
imjjroper  to  state  as  the  result  of  their  own  observation  and  inquiries  that  almost 
all  crimes,  the  poverty  and  distress  of  individuals  and  families,  various  diseases 
and  some  in  their  most  dreadful  forms,  and  a  very  great  increase  of  ta.xes  are 
among  them.  Under  the  impressions  made  \i\mn  their  minds  by  this  view  of  the 
Subject  your  Memorialists  feel  it  a  duty  specially  incumbent  on  them  to  make 
this  representation  to  the  Court  and  to  add  their  earnest  entreaties  that  the  num- 
ber of  taverns  and  other  licensed  |)ublic  houses  in  the  city  may  be  nnuh  reduced. 


.Appeal  to 
.Authorities 
to  lessen  the 
number  of 
Public 


207 


The  foregoiiiK  was  aurt-iil  upon,  si>;in.-<l  l>y  llii.-<lilTiriiU  ciiniinitu-i'!^  and  prcsciiU-d 
to  the  proper  authorities  on  December  i6,  iHoi. 

John  Dorsky. 

Zacxiikis  Collins. 

PASCHALL    Hl»LLINi;SWl)KTH. 

The  illustration  is  a  co|)y  of  one  of  the  early  admission  cards : 


Karly 

Form  of 

Admission 

Card. 


wv-^-K^ 


ri>:;» 


a^-gyt^y  Jf-ir^V^d^i^         being  afllidcd  villi .«_   ^cri^-    *y^» 
ii  a  projicr  rtu'cni  for  ihc  PcnnfjV.'ani*  Mofpiiil,  K^jH/ii^.  »■.»>»  ^  ^  •■»* 


.WuJi..  -. 


i^tt.  ^  vUci-^ty  "—     > 


^•. 


? 

■A 


v^  (M  t-*  f'-t-u 


'fjlvini*  Ho'pii.nl  »  n^  , 
wjlb  at  Icaft  kvt  J/Li 


bting  njmincii  a  P.iiiait  inio  ili<  Pcnn> 

■R«joeft,  uac   do  hcxtliy  proinlfi;  :o  proviJc    ^''"■- 
♦i         and  oibcr  Cloihiii);,  fii.TKicir,  r.n.I  fuiiabic  for 


\ 


kl\      Ufc  \thi!c  thtrc;  to  pay  to  Jofqih  Htinzcy,  Stc»-yd  of  lUc  faid  Hcfpiul, 
or  10  \\n  Sijcccfiiir  in  OllJcc,   /m*  i-t\vvvi.rrf»'. 


'  to  caufc.  '■■»■• 


per  \Wfc  Ux  UoarJ,  dining  <U.      Conl^nuanre  iKcrc  J 

removed  whin  uifcliargt.!  -,  aiid  Co  pay  the  Expciif.-  of  Burial,,  if  f^t    die  the 

Wn.N):Si  »-...   Iland.ithc   u'^     Uav  of  J„  Y„     I,.,,  ^ 


to  be 
there. 


ADMIT  ^v-v     cj 


oicLi^i.^      —      a  I'au^mt  into  tbc  Pcnr.ff Ivaija 


7r 


The   following  is  the  text  of  the  original   rules  regulating   the 
admission  of  patients,  adopted  at  the  January  meeting  in  1752 : 

RfLES  AGREED  TO    BV   THE    MANAGERS    OF    THE    PENNSYLVANIA    HOSPITAL    KOR 
THE  ADMISSION  AND  DISCHARGE  OF  PATIENTS. 

First,  That  no  patients  shall  be  admitted,  whose  cases  are  judged  incurable, 
lunaticks  e.xcepted  ;  nor  any  whose  cases  do  not  require  the  particular  conven- 
iences of  an  Hospital. 

208 


Secondly,  That  no  person,  having  the  smallpox,  the  itch,  or  other  infectious 
distempers,  shall  be  admitted,  until  there  are  proper  apartments  prepared  for  the    Rules 
reception  of  such  as  are  afflicted  with  those  diseases  ;    and  if  any  such  persons    rc<'ulatin<' 
should  be  inadvertently  admitted,  they  shall  forthwith  be  discharged.  Admissions 

Thirdly,  That  Women  having  young  children  shall  not  be  received,  unless    and 
their   children   are  taken   care  of   elsewhere,   that    the    Hospital   may   not   be    Discharges 
burthened  with  the  maintenance  of  such  children,  nor  the  patients  disturbed  with 
their  noise. 

Fourthly,  That  all  persons  desirous  of  being  admitted  into  the  Hospital  (not 
inhabitants  of  Philadelphia)  must,  before  they  leave  the  place  of  their  abode,  have 
their  cases  drawn  up  in  a  plain  manner  and  sent  to  the  Managers,  together  with  a 
certificate  from  a  Justice  of  Peace,  and  the  overseer  or  overseers  of  the  poor  of  the 
township  in  which  they  reside,  that  they  have  gained  a  residence  in  such  township, 
and  are  unable  to  pay  for  medicines  and  attendance ;  to  which  an  answer  shall 
speedily  be  returned,  informing  them  whether  and  when  they  may  be  admitted. 
All  persons  emploj-ed  in  drawing  up  their  cases,  are  desired  to  be  particular  in 
enumerating  the  symptoms,  and  to  mention  the  patient's  age,  sex,  and  place  of 
abode,  with  the  distance  from  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

Fifthly,  That  all  persons  who  have  thus  obtained  a  letter  of  license  to  be 
received  into  the  Hospital,  must  be  there  at  the  time  mentioned  for  their  recep- 
tion and  bring  with  them  that  letter,  and  must  likewise  deposit  in  the  hands  of 
the  treasurer  so  much  money,  or  give  such  security,  as  shall  be  mentioned  in  their 
respective  letters  of  license,  to  indemnify  the  Hospital,  either  from  the  expense  of 
burial,  in  case  they  die,  or  to  defray  the  expense  of  carrying  them  back  to  their 
place  of  abode  and  that  the\'  may  not  become  a  charge  to  the  city. 

Sixthly,  If  the  several  persons,  not  excluded  by  the  preceding  exceptions, 
are  applying  when  they  cannot  be  received,  without  exceeding  the  number 
allowed  by  the  managers  to  be  entertained  at  one  time  in  the  Hospital,  the 
preference  will  be  given,  when  the  cases  are  equally  urgent,  first  to  such  as  are 
recommended  by  one  or  more  of  the  contributors,  members  of  this  Corporation, 
residing  in  the  township  to  which  the  poor  persons  belong  ;  secondly,  to  those  who 
stand  first  in  the  list  of  applications ;  but  if  some  cases  are  urgent,  and  others 
can  admit  of  delay,  those  with  the  most  urgent  symptoms  shall  be  preferred. 

Seventhly,  Notwithstanding  such  letters  of  license,  if  it  shall  appear  by  a 
personal  examination  of  any  of  the  patients  that  their  cases  are  misrepresented, 
and  that  they  are  improper  subjects  of  the  Hospital,  the  Managers  shall  have  the 
power  of  refusing  them  admission. 

Eighthly,  That  at  least  one  bed  shall  be  provided  for  accidents  that  require 
immediate  relief. 

Ninthly,  That  if  there  shall  be  room  in  the  Hospital  to  spare,  after  as  many 
poor  patients  are  accommodated  as  the  interest  of  the  capital  stock  can  support, 
the  managers  shall  have  the  liberty  of  taking  in  other  patients  ;  at  such  reason- 
able rates  as  they  can  agree  for  ;  and  the  profits  arising  from  boarding  and 
nursing  such  patients,  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  same  uses  as  the  interest 
monney  of  the  publick  stock.  Provided,  that  no  such  persons,  under  pretence  of 
coming  to  board  in  the  Hospital,  shall  be  admitted,  unless,  on  the  first  applica- 
tion made  on  his  behalf,  a  certificate  be  produced  from  the  overseer  or  overseers 
of  the  poor  of  the  township  in  which  he  lives,  of  his  having  gained  a  residence  in 
the  said  township ;  and  unless  sufficient  security  be  given  to  the  Managers  to 
indemnify  the  city  and  Hospital  from  all  charges  and  expenses  whatever,  occa- 
sioned by  his  removing  hither. 

209 


TeiUlily,  Tluil  lliosi;  who  are  taken  iiitu  the  Ildspital  at  a  private  expense, 
Manaeirs'    "'"'>'  «^"'I>'"y  '"'>'  physicians  or  surgeons  they  desire. 
Rules  for  Eleventhly,  That  all  persons  who  have  been  admitted  into  the  Hospital,  shall 

Patients,  be  discharged  as  soon  as  they  are  cured,  or,  after  a  reasonable  time  of  Tryal,  are 
judged  incurable. 

Twelfthly,  That  all  patients  when  cured,  sijjn  certificates  of  their  particular 
cases,  and  of  the  benefit  they  have  received  in  this  Hospital,  to  be  either  pub- 
lished or  otherwise  disposed  of,  as  the  managers  may  think  proper. 

Thirteenthly,  That  no  patient  go  out  of  the  Hospital  without  leave  from 
one  of  the  physicians  or  surgeons,  first  signified  to  the  matron  :  That  they  do  not 
swear,  curse,  get  drunk,  behave  rudely  or  indecently,  on  pain  of  expulsion  after 
the  first  admonition. 

Fourteenthly,  That  no  patients  jiresume  to  play  at  cards,  dice,  or  any  other 
game  within  the  Hospital,  or  to  beg  any  where  ill  the  city  of  Pliilaiklpliia,  on 
pain  of  being  discharged  for  irregularity. 

Fifteenlhly,  That  such  patients  as  are  liable,  shall  assist  in  nursing  others  ; 
washing  and  ironing  the  linen,  washing  and  cleaning  the  rooms,  and  such  other 
services  as  the  matron  shall  require. 

The  foregoing  rules  were  agreed  to  by  a  board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  the  twenty-third  day  of  the  first  month  (January)  1752. 

Bknj.\min  Franklin,  Clerk. 
We  do  approve  of  the  foregoing  rules, 

W'.M.  .\i.LKN,  Oiief  JhsIuc. 

Isaac  Nokris,  Speatti-  of  the  Assembly. 

Tknch  Francis,  Allormy- General. 

A  rule  was  established  by  the  Managers  January  25,  1762,  which 
enlarged  the  scope  of  their  charitable  work.     It  was 

Agreed  that  hereafter  the  Applications  made  by  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor  of 
any  of  the  Townships  within  this  Province  for  the  Admission  of  Patients  into  this 
Hospital,  if  their  cases  are  adjudged  i)ro|>er,  they  shall  be  taken  in  free  of  Charge 
for  their  Maintenance. 

While  such  had  not  been  the  original  intention  when  the  Hosiiital 
was  founded,  the  Managers  had  heretofore  exacted  from  outlying 
townships  a  certain  guarantee  for  board  of  the  poor  sent  to  the 
institution.  This  had  been  the  rule,  even  with  the  indigent  of  Phila- 
del])hia,  none  were  admitted  without  requiring  some  security,  in  case 
of  death,  for  the  removal  of  the  body.  Often  when  some  ])oor  stranger 
claimed  the  hospitality  and  care  of  the  institution,  with  no  one  to 
act  as  security,  one  of  the  Managers  or  some  other  charitable  citizen, 
pro  forma,  signed  the  admission  i)a];er. 
All  Classes  The  desire  of  doing  good   to  all,  irrespective  of  color  or  con- 

cared  for  dition,  seemed  to  animate  every  one  connected  with  the  Hospital 
from  its  beginning.  That  no  difference  was  made  in  favor  of  i)ay 
patients  will  be  evident  from  the  following  minutes  made  February 
29,  176S: 


Hesok'ed,  Tliat  Ihc  P;iy  I'atiLiits  now  in  the  Mouse  and  those  who  art-  here- 
after Admitted  be  accommodated  with  no  other  Provisions  for  their  Diet  tlian  the    Diet. 
Other  Patients,  and  any  Extraordinary  necessaries  they  require,  Such  as  Tea, 
Loaf  Sugar,  Coffee,  Chocolate,  Wine  or  Spirits,  they  provide  at  their  own  Expence. 

It  is  recorded  on  the  minutes,  May  7,  1752,  that  an  Indian 
having  been  found  ill  near  the  home  of  Isaac  Norris,  the  latter 
reported  the  case  to  the  Managers,  who  immediately  took  action  in 
the  matter,  appointing  John  Reynell  and  Samuel  Rhoads  in  con- 
junction with  the  physicians  to  consider  it,  "and  if  they  find  he 
cannot  be  otherwise  suitably  provided  for,  it  is  agreed  that  he  may  ,  ,  ,' 
be  admitted  into  the  Hospital."  Upon  investigation,  Samuel  Rhoads 
reported  that  John  Reynell  and  he  had  visited  the  sick  Indian  and 
that  "  Isaac  Norris  had  provided  a  place  for  him." 

The  want  of  personal  security  did  not  deter  any  deserving,  poor 
person,  however,  from  receiving  the  benefits  of  Hospital  treatment. 
Here  are  two  of  the  many  instances  on  record:  October  3,  1764, 
"  John  Bryan  a  poor  person  was  admitted  with  large  ulcers,  a  pair  of 
buckles  his  security."  On  September  28,  17S5,  "  a  poor  sailor  was 
admitted  \vith  Rheumatism,  his  chest  of  cloathes,  his  security." 

On  June  23,  179S, 

The  Managers  in  full  consideration  of  the  Fifth  rule  for  the  admission  and 
discharge  of  Patients,  agree  that  the  same  be  repealed  so  far  as  relates  to 
requiring  the  security  for  the  funeral  Charges  of  poor  Patients  to  which  agree- 
ment the  approbation  of  the  Chief  Justice,  Speakers  of  the  .\ssembly  and  State 
Attorney  is  solicited. 

On  February  26,  1810,  the  following  amended  rules  were  adopted, 
making  more  easy  the  admission  of  poor  patients  in  future : 

ist.  Recent  Accidents  such  as  wounds  and  bruises  may  be  received  at  all  \mended 
times  without  Security  provided  they  happen  in  Pennsylvania  and  are  brought  to  Rules  for 
the  House  within  twenty-four  hours  after  the  accident.  .-Vdmissions 

2nd.  Pregnant  women  of  our  own  State,  who  are  poor,  and  proper  objects 
for  admission  into  the  Hospital,  may  be  received  without  security,  e.xcept  for  the 
removal  of  themselves  and  children  when  discharged.  The  Maintenance  of  the 
Mothers,  and  their  infants,  including  Cloathing,  when  nescessary,  to  be  charged 
to  the  income  of  the  Cavalry  Fund,  and  in  Case  that  proves  insufficient,  to  the 
general  fund  of  the  House. 

3rd.  The  Attending  Managers  may  sign  in  behalf  of  the  Hospital  as  security 
for  other  poor  Patients  for  Cloathing  in  Cases  of  absolute  necessity  if  it  will  not    Hospital 
exceed  twenty-five  dollars  in  any  two  months  of  the  year;    but  if  it  should  so    to  provide 
happen  that  a  part  of  the  said  allowances  of  twenty-five  dollars  for  any  two    Clothing  and 
months  sliould  remain  unexpended  the  surplus  may  be  expended  in  the  succeed-    pay  Funeral 
ing  months  of  the  same  year  Provided  that  a  whole  year  not  more  than  one  hun-    Expenses, 
dred  and  fifty  dollars  be  allowed  for  cloathing  and  the  usual  security  be  always 
taken  to  remove  the  Patients  when  required. 

4th.  .-Ml  funeral  expenses  of  the  Poor  of  our  own  State  shall  be  charged  to  the 
Hospital. 


Tlie  liberal  spirit  of  the  Managers  is  shown  by  their  course  with 
Free  regard    to    free   vaccination.       March    28,    180S,    the   Secretary    of 
\accination   gQ^rd  of   Managers  was  directed  "  to  give  ]niblic  notice  in  the  news- 
papers that  the  Poor  of   Pennsylvania  shall  be  vaccinated  gratis,  if 
they  will  call  at  the  Hospital."     Again  on  March  27,  1809,  it  is  agreed 
"to  advertise  the  Poor  from  the  Cit\-  and  Country  to  come  to  the 
Hospital   where  they  will   be  vaccinated  gratis."     Previous  to  this 
Inoculation   time,  inoculation  was  practised  by   the  physicians  of  the  Hospital, 
for  Smallpox   composing  the    Medical   Staff;    but  as  infectious   diseases    were  not 

anionf;       ,     •        ,      ,  ,  ,     ■     ,  .,.,  •     . 

Oiit-Paticnts    admitted,  the  patients  were  treated  at  their  homes.      1  he  statistics  are 

incomplete,  but  the  following  is  of  some  historical  interest : 

During  the  year  1 799-1800,  among    the   outside  patients    were 

treated:    109  cases  of   "inoculated"    smallpo.x,  of   which  68    were 

cured,   1  failed.      6  cases  of  "  natural  "  smalljiox  were  also  attended. 

Clothiiii;  The  physicians  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  on  November  25, 

from  the    181 2,  recommended  the  managers  "  to  apply  three  hundred  dollars  of 

p  "^'1     ''^^  niedical  fund  towards  clothing  of  such  poor  patients,  wljo  cannot 

find  the  usual  security  for  that  necessary  article"  ;   again  on  April  25, 

181 4,  the   physicians  agreed  to  appropriate  one   thou-sand  dollars  to 

be  taken  out  of  the  niedical  fund  •'  for  supply  of  clothing  to  indigent 

patients." 

Colored  The  Committee  on  Economy,  on  January  29,  1827,  were  charged 

Female   to  "  jtrepare  an  apartment  for  the  accommodation  of  coloreil  female 

Patients,    patients  in  which  ihcy  may  be  more  suitably  provided  than  they  are  at 

present." 

Directions  April  9,  1757,  Tom,  a  negro,  belonging  to  Joseph  Wharton,  "an 

Concerniii;;   honest  slave,"  was  the  first  jjatient  who  died  in  the  new  Hosijital.    On 

Deceased   jsfovember  26,  1766,  the  matron  was  given  particular  directions  that 

Patients 

bodies  of  the  patients  who  die,  should  be  taken  into  the  Upper  Hall 
to  be  laid  out  in  a  suitable  apartment  there  to  be  provided  for  that 
jnirpose. 

It  was  "  Resolved,  that  when  the  Physicians  shall   conclude  it 
Autopsies    necessary  to  open  the  bodies  of  any  of  the  dead,  that  they  ])reviously 
consult  the  sitting  managers  thereon  and  obtain  their  consent." 

In  the  course  of  years,  disputes  have  occasionally  arisen  between 

The  Law  of  the  physicians  of  the  Hospital  and  the  Coroner  of  the  City  of  Phila- 

Coroncr's  delphia,  with   regard   to   the  relative  rights  of  each   ])arty  to   make 

" '  *"    '   autopsies  upon  patients  dying  from  injury,  whether  recent  or  remote. 

The  following  valuable  contribution  to  the  discussion  of  the  duties  of 

the  office  of  the  Coroner  arose   in  this  way  :   in  the  case  of  a  woman 

named  Elizabeth  Taylor,  who  had  been  accidentally  burnt  about  her 

body  and  died  in  the  Hospital,  in  consequence  thereof,  a  week  after  her 


admission,  the  Coroner  of  Philadelphia  asserted  his  right   to  make  a 
post-mortem  examination. 

The  latter  in  an  official  communication,  dated  September  28, 
1840,  addressed  the  Board  as  follows : 

The  responsibility  of  an  oath  makes  it  an  imperative  duty  on  my  part  to  call    Communica- 
your  attention  to  the  fact,  that  many  persons  who  die  in  the  Hospital,  the  victims    tion  from  the 
of  accident,  are  buried  without  my  knowledge.     Now   I   believe  that   the   law    Coroner, 
makes  it  the  duty  of  the  Coroner  to  hold  an  inquest  over  the  bodies  of  persons 
who  die  from  casualties. 

In  another  letter  he  gives  a  list  of  authorities  in  support  of  his 
claim  that  "all  deaths  from  accidents  or  casualties  fall  under  the 
notice  of  the  Coroner,"  without  regard  to  "  the  nature  of  the  casual- 
ties or  the  time  that  may  elapse  preceding  death." 

This  claim  was  opposed  by  the  Managers  and  Horace  Binney, 
Esq.,  of  the  Philadelphia  Bar,  was  requested  to  inform  the  Board 
concerning  the  utmost  limit  of  the  duty  of  the  Coroner. 

Mr.  Binney,  in  a  full  report  dated  November  7,  1840.  (which 
will  here  be  given  in  a  somewhat  condensed  form),  denied  this  claim 
and  declared  that  the  authorities  cited  did  not  support  it.  The  sudden- 
ness of  the  death  is  more  essential  than  its  accidental  character.  The 
right  to  jurisdiction  of  the  Coroner,  therefore,  in  a  death  from 
casualty,  is  not  inherent,  but  in  each  case  is  due  to  attendant  circum- 
stances. 

After  briefly  reviewing  several  points  raised  by  the  Coroner's 
correspondence,  Mr.  Binney  proceeded  to  summarize  the  law  upon 
the  subject  and  then  advised  the  Managers  with  regard  to  their  duty 
in  case  of  violent  or  accidental  deaths,  as  follows : 

The  office  of  Coroner,  it  may  be  remarked,  derives  its  name  from  the  circum-    Opinion  of 
stance,  that  it  has  principally  to  do  with  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  or  such  in  which    y^j.   Bjnnev. 
the  King  is  more  immediately  concerned. 

The  judicial  powers  belonging  to  the  office,  have  altogether  perhaps  a  refer- 
ence to  the  rights  and  duties  of  the  crown.  If  the  death  of  a  person  involves  a 
homicide,  the  Coroner  intervenes  to  hold  an  inquest,  that  those  who  are  culpable 
may  be  brought  to  justice  in  the  king's  courts  ;  and  if  the  case  is  one  in  which 
the  party  is/elo  de  se,  the  inquest  is  necessary  or  e.\pedient  to  secure  the  forfeit- 
ure which  follows  the  act ;  and  if  it  be  a  case  neither  of  homicide  nor  suicide,  it 
is  the  Coroner's  duty  to  inquire  whether  there  be  not  a  deodand  in  consequence 
of  the  death,  to  the  king,  or  to  the  lord  of  the  franchise  under  him. 

These  objects  and  ends  of  the  office,  may  be  regarded  as  limitations  of  its 
judicial  power  in  England,  e.\cept  in  the  case  of  persons  dying  in  prison,  where, 
from  a  salutary  suspicion  that  the  death  of  all  persons  who  are  in  the  custody  of 
a  gaoler,  may  be  brought  about  by  violence  or  oppression,  the  law  requires  an 
inquest  by  the  Coroner  in  every  case,  without  regard  to  its  circumstances.  With 
respect  to  prisons,  general  suspicion  supplies  the  place  of  particular  suspicion. 
In   other   cases,  it  would    seem   reasonable  to   require  the   e.xistence  of  some 


particular  grounds  of  suspicion,  that  the  case  is  one  which  it  concerns  tlie  office 
of  the  Coroner  to  inquire  into,  for  some  of  the  purposes  I  have  mentioned. 
Mr.  Binncy  In  renard  to  those  cases  where  the  whole  end  of  the  Coroner's  inquiry  is  to 

on  the  ascertain  whether  there  be  a  forfeiture  by  suicide,  or  a  deodand  from  a  death  by 
Duties  of  the  casualty,  it  is  worthy  of  grave  consideration,  whether  the  powers  of  a  Coroner 
Coroner,  have  not  been  m.aterially  modified  in  Pennsylvania,  by  those  provisions  of  our 
Constitution,  which  take  away  all  forfeitures  in  such  cases.  I  do  not  mean  to 
consider  that  question  at  this  time  ;  but  I  may  remark,  that  since  the  proper 
functions  of  a  Coroner  under  the  Stat.  4  Edw.  I.,  and  at  the  common  law,  have 
not  been  enlarged  in  this  State,  and  probably  have  been  restricted,  no  reason- 
able objection  can  be  urged  .igainst  their  being  limited  here  at  least  as  much  as 
they  are  in  Kngland  ;  and  that  I  think  will  be  sufficient  for  the  present  inquiry. 

I  regaril  the  Knglish  authorities  as  settling  the  point,  that  e.MCept  in  cases  of 
prisoners,  the  Coroner  should  hold  an  in<|uest  only  where  there  has  been  a  I'ioUnI 
and  tinnalinat  death,  or  reasonable  suspicion  of  such  a  death  ;  and  that  an 
accident  superinducing  disease  and  death,  .it  the  enil  of  days  and  weeks,  is  not 
a  case  for  an  inquest. 

In  Sir  Kdward  Hyde  East's  Crown  Law,  his  commentary  upon  the  duties  of 
the  Coroner  is  as  follows  : 

"  First,  the  (Coroner's)  inquiry  is  to  be  ma<le  when  commanded  by  the  King's 
bailifl's  or  by  honest  men  of  the  country,  upon  such  as  be  slain  or  suddenly  dead 
or  wounded.  This  power  is  however  to  be  exercised  w  itliin  the  limits  of  a  soun<l 
discretion.  There  ought  at  least  to  be  a  reasonable  suspicion  that  the  party  came 
to  his  death  by  I'inlenl  and  tinnaliiral  means  ;  for  if  the  <leath.  however  su<Ulen, 
were  from  fever,  or  other  .apparent  visitation  of  God,  there  is  no  occasion  (with 
the  exception  before  mentioned  in  the  case  of  prisoners)  for  the  Coroner's  inter- 
ference. .And  the  Court  of  King's  Bench  on  two  several  occasions  within  my 
own  memory,  bl.amed  the  Coroners  of  Norfolk  and  Anglesey,  for  holding  repeated 
and  unnecessary  inquests,  for  the  sake  of  enhancing  their  fees,  on  bodies  and 
parts  of  bodies  of  persons  unknown,  which  were  cast  upon  the  seashore,  without 
the  smallest  probability  or  suspicion  of  the  deaths  having  happened  in  any  other 
manner,  than  by  the  unfortunate  perils  of  the  sea."  (i  East's  Pleas  of  the  Crown, 
382,  ch.  6,  sec.  7.) 

Now,  from  this  paragraph,  it  is  obvious  that  death  by  drowning  is  not  of 
itself  a  case  for  the  Coroner,  without  more,  that  is  to  say,  without  suspicion  of 
violent  and  unnatural  means,  namely,  by  the  party  himself  or  by  some  other 
person.  I'iolcnl  and  nnnatural  means  imply  force,  not  of  the  elements,  but  of 
other  agency  ;  and  when  sudden  death  is  the  consequence,  the  case  calls  for 
inquiry,  though  in  the  end  it  may  turn  out  to  have  been  a  death  by  misadventure 
only.  Sir  Edw.  East  cites  the  cases  by  name,  in  which  the  King's  Bench  blamed 
the  Coroners  for  e.xceeding  their  authority  ;  and  he  then  proceeds  with  a  more 
apposite  case  .as  follows:  "One  Harrison,  Coroner  of  the  County  of  Cumber- 
land, was  convicted  for  e.xtortion  in  his  office,  in  taking  a  sum  of  money  for  not 
holding  an  inquest  on  the  body  of  a  young  woman,  which  he  had  no  authority  for 
doing.  On  the  defendant's  being  brought  up  for  judgment,  the  circumstances  of 
the  case  appeared  to  be.  that  the  party  had  by  accident  broken  her  leg.  which 
was  afterwards  amputated  ;  and  after  some  weeks,  she  died  in  consequence  of 
the  fever  attending  it,  and  was  buried.  Some  days  after,  the  Coroner  threatened 
to  have  the  body  taken  up,  and  an  inquisition  taken  on  it,  unless  a  certain  sum 
were  paid.  For  which  offence  the  court  sentenced  him  to  pay  a  fine  of  ^100,  to 
be  imprisoned  si.x  months,  and  to  be  removed  from  his  office.  And  Mr.  Justice 
Grose  in  passing  sentence  said,  that  t.\w  i^oronvr  under  tliese  circumstances  had 

214 


no  preleiue  or  autliority  for  taking  any  iiiquisilion  at  all;  but  if  the  case  had 
warranted  his  so  doing,  he  was  equally  criminal  in  having  extorted  money  to 
refrain  from  doing  his  office."  (  The  King  v.  Harrison,  40  (ieo.  3  ;  i  East  P.  C. 
ch.  vi.  sec.  7,  p.  382.) 

I  need  not  remark  how  full  this  authority  (and  it  is  the  authority  of  the 
highest  criminal  court  in  England),  is  against  the  Coroner's  claim  of  jurisdiction 
asserted  in  his  letters,  where  he  admits  no  exception  from  "the  nature  of  the 
casualty,  or  the  time  that  may  elapse  preceding  death."  Nor  need  I  show  how 
perfectly  analogous  is  the  description  of  the  case  where  Harrison  unlawfully 
asserted  his  authority,  to  that  of  the  girl  who  was  accidently  burned,  and  died  a 
week  after  in  the  hospital. 

This  is  not  a  modern  law.  The  doctrine  is  Lord  Hale's  also  whose  name  is 
of  itself  authority.  His  language  is  as  follows:  "  Regularly,  the  Coroner  hath  no 
power  to  take  inquisitions,  but  touching  the  deatli  of  a  man,  and  persons  subito 
viorltiis,  and  some  special  incidents  thereunto."  (2  Hale's  P.  C.  57.)  Lord  Hale 
then  cites  the  following  case.  "  If  any  person  dies  suddenly,  though  it  be  of  a 
fei'er,  an<l  the  township  bury  him  before  the  Coroner  be  sent  for,  the  whole  town- 
ship shall  be  amerced."  (Iter  Norlh.  Coron.  119.)  And  upon  this  case  he 
remarks  :  "  Nolo,  this  case  is  misprinted.  I  have  seen  an  ancient  transcript  at 
large  of  the  Iter  of  Northpton  and  perused  this  very  case,  which  in  libra  meo 
(.  52,  b.,  is  morusl  lie  y'eyme,  \\z.,  starved  by  hunger;  for  though  a  man  dies 
suddenly  of  a  fever  or  apople.xy,  or  other  visitation  ol  God,  the  township  shall 
not  be  amerced  ;  for  then  the  Coroner  should  be  sent  for  in  every  case ;  but  if  it 
be  an  unnatural  and  violent  death,  then  indeed,  if  the  Coroner  be  not  sent  for  to 
view  the  body,  the  town  shall  be  amerced."     (2  Hale's  P.  C.  57.) 

He  proceeds,  at  page  62,  "  Now  sudden  violent  deaths,  which  are  all  within 
the  Coroner's  office  to  inquire,  are  of  these  kinds:  i.  Exvisilalione  dei.  2.  per 
infortunium,  where  no  other  had  a  hand  in  it,  as  if  a  man  falls  from  a  house  or 
cart.  3.  By  his  own  hand,  as  felo  de  se.  4.  By  the  hand  of  another  man, 
where  the  offender  is  not  known.  5.  By  the  hand  of  another,  where  he  is  known, 
whether  by  murder,  manslaughter,  se  defendendo,  ox  per  infortunium." 

There  may  be  thought  to  be  some  inconsistency  between  these  two  citations, 
as  visitations  of  God  are  e.xcluded  by  the  first  and  included  by  the  second  ;  but 
there  is  no  inconsistency.  In  the  first.  Lord  Hale  speaks  of  sudden  deaths  in  the 
known  course  of  nature,  as  fever  or  apoplexy  ;  in  the  second,  he  speaks  of 
sudden  violent  deaths  which  are  out  of  the  usual  course  of  nature. 

The  sudden  deaths  within  the  Coroner's  jurisdiction,  niay  be  inferred  from 
another  authority  cited  by  Hale,  2  vol.  58,  to  this  effijct.  "  If  the  Coroner  have 
notice,  and  comes  not  in  convenient  time  to  view  the  body,  and  take  his  inqui- 
sition upon  the  death  of  him  that  dies  suddenly,  and  therefore  upon  a  present- 
ment by  the  grand  inquest  of  a  death  by  misadventure,  if  the  like  presentment 
be  not  in  the  Coroner's  roll,  he  shall  be  fined  and  imprisoned."  3  E.  3,  Coron. 
292.  So  that  the  sudden  deaths  cognisable  by  the  Coroner,  must  be,  at  least, 
death  by  misadventure,  per  infortunium,  which  is  one  of  the  classes  of  sudden 
L-iolent  deaths  eniunerated  by  Lord  Hale.  ^ 

The  same  limitation  is  expressed  in  i  Burns'  Justice,  432  tit.  Coroner,  "  when 
it  happens  that  any  person  comes  to  an  unnatural  death,  the  township  shall  give 
notice  thereof  to  the  Coroner  :  otherwise  if  the  body  be  interred  before  he  come,  the 
township  shall  be  amerced."  And  by  Holt,  C.  J.,  "  it  is  a  matter  indictable  to  bury 
a  man  that  dies  a  I'iolent  death  before  the  Coroner's  inquest  have  sat  upon  him." 

I  have  already  remarked  how  all  the  directions  of  Stat.  4  Edw.  i,  imply  the 
suspicion  of  violence,  not  only  in  the  case  of  the  slain,  but  of  the  drowned,  and 
suddenly  dead. 

21=; 


The  only  iliflioiilty  which  atu-ndK  the  inquiry,  is  what  constitutes  in  the  eye 
Mr.  Binnev  '^^  ''"•"  '""'  "  ■*"'/''<"  death,  hy  such  means.  A  death  from  wounds,  inflicted  by 
on  tlie  »"o*lH'r,  tliou^h  it  may  not  immediately  follow,  may  be  a  fit  case  for  a  Coroner's 
Duties  of  the  '"qut^st  ;  and  the  Stat.  4  Kdw.  I.,  e.\|>ressly  requires  that  the  Coroner  "  shall  Ko 
Coroner.  '« '''e  places  where  any  be  slain  or  suddenly  dead,  or  :<o««(/<-(/,"  which  in  this 
part  of  the  statute  may  mean  the  dead  who  have  been  wounded,  without  reRard 
to  the  suddenness  of  the  <le.ath  ;  and  the  violence  is  certainly  a  fit  subject  of 
investigation,  though  the  death  be  not  in  common  apprehension  siidi/in.  On  this 
distinction,  I  find  nothing  in  the  Uioks  which  treat  of  this  subject.  But  where 
the  case  is  clear  and  unsuspected  casualty,  and  the  death  of  the  party  follows  at 
the  end  of  days  or  weeks,  by  fever,  by  intlammntion,  or  by  other  morbid  derange- 
ment produced  by  the  accident,  it  is  one  free  from  all  claim  of  jurisdiction  by  the 
Coroner,  in  point  of  law,  l)ecause  it  wants  both  the  t'io/fiii  and  iitinaliiral  niiaiis, 
and  Ihf  suddtn  dialh.  If  this  ground  of  discrimination  is  not  sound,  then,  as  the 
Coroner  says,  every  casualty  produciuK  death  after  any  interval  of  time,  and  of 
course  producing  it  directly  or  indirectly— the  prick  of  a  pin  producing  lock-jaw 
— scalding  water  from  a  tea-kettle  producing  inflammation — a  broken  leg  produc- 
ing fever— and  ending  in  death  at  the  end  of  a  month  or  six  months,  all  these  are 
cases  for  the  Coroner ;  and  then,  as  Lord  Hale  remarks,  the  Coroner  must  be 
sent  for  in  every  case.  What,  I  would  ask,  is  the  benefit  of  such  a  doctrine  to 
the  community?  And  it  is  for  the  public  that  the  office  is  instituted  among  us, 
and  not  for  the  Coroner  or  any  one  else  ?  Where  there  is  no  suspicion  of  i-iolent 
and  unnatural  mians,  why  investigate  the  death,  however  sudden  ?  When  the 
party  lives  for  days  and  explains  the  casualty,  and  still  there  is  no  cause  what- 
ever of  suspicion,  why  burden  the  county  with  an  unnecessary  expense?  Per- 
sons dying  in  prison,  whom  their  friends  cannot  approach  to  hear  their  com- 
plaints, deserve  the  protection  of  a  general  posl  morttni  inquiry  for  all  persons  in 
their  condition.  But  what  security  do  persons  require  who  are  accidentally  hurt, 
more  than  they  have  in  the  access  of  their  friends,  and  in  their  exemption  from 
all  restraint  upon  their  complaints  or  communications?  I  am  wholly  unable  to 
perceive  any  reasonable  ground  for  the  Coroner's  claim  in  the  case  of  the  acci- 
dentally burnt  girl,  and  I  apprehend,  moreover,  that  it  is  directly  against  the 
case  of  The  Kin;;  v.  Harrison  before  cited. 

What  the  practice  of  Coroners  in  this  county  has  been,  it  is  not  easy  to  say, 
nor  shouUl  I  place  much  reliance  upon  it  whatever  it  may  have  been,  since  it  has 
been  su1)stantially  sub  silenlio,  except  in  the  few  cases  in  which  their  inquests 
implicate  living  persons  criminally,  none  else  receiving  judicial  notice  ;  and 
in  such  cases  the  Coroner's  jurisdiction  being  undoubted.  It  is  an  office  particu- 
larly liable  to  irregularities,  from  the  fact  that  few  persons  care  to  investigate  the 
claim  of  jurisdiction,  since  the  county  pays  for  its  exercise.  I  do  not  entertain 
the  opinion,  however,  that  the  Coroner  can  have  any  jurisdiction  by  practice,  that 
he  has  not  by  the  settled  principles  of  law. 

Having  a  view  then  to  the  class  of  cases  occurring  or  likely  to  occur  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  adverting  to  the  wish  of  the  Managers  to  have  an 
expression  of  my  opinion  upon  the  Coroner's  jurisdiction  in  such  cases  generally, 
I  state  it  as  follows  : 

I.  In  regard  to  persons  who  have  suffered  recent  injury  from  violence,  and 
are  brought  at  once  into  the  Hospital,  and  die  there  suddenly,  in  the  plain  sense 
of  that  expression,  I  advise  them  that  the  Coroner  has  jurisdiction,  and  that  they 
should  give  him  notice  of  the  death  a  reasonable  time  before  interment. 

II.  In  regard  to  such  as  may  be  brought  there,  who  have  been  wounded,  that 
is  to  say,  stabbed,  or  shot,  or  cut,  or  beaten  by  another,  and  shall  afterwards  die, 

216 


I  advise  the  Hospital  in  like  manner  to  give  tlie  notice,    and  to   submit  to  the 
Coroner's  jurisdiction,  without  regard  to  the  time  tliat  may  elapse  before  death. 

III.  But  in  regard  to  cases  of  accidental  injury,  broken  limbs,  burns,  bruises, 
and  the  like,  where  the  patient  does  not  die  suddenly,  but  lives  days  or  weeks, 
and  then  dies  from  fever,  inflammation,  or  other  morbid  affection  caused  by  the 
injury,  and  where  there  is  no  groinid  of  reasonable  suspicion  that  the  injury 
involves  any  person  in  criminality,  I  advise  that  the  Hospital  is  under  no  obliga- 
tion to  give  notice  of  the  death  to  the  Coroner,  and  that  the  Coroner  has  no  right 
to  hold  an  inquest  on  the  body. 

IV.  In  cases  of  sudden  death  by  apople.xy,  and  the  like,  among  the  patients 
in  the  house,  there  being  no  cause  whatever  to  suspect  violence  and  unnatural 
means,  the  Coroner  has  clearly  no  right  to  hold  an  inquest,  and  I  do  not  under- 
stand him  to  assert  such  a  right. 

At    the   next   meeting,    held    November   30,    1840,    the   above 
opinion  was  presented. 

The  Secretary  reports  that,  in  pursuance  of  the  resolution  of  the  Board  at 
the  last  stated  meeting,  he  has  obtained  the  written  opinion  of  Horace  Binney, 
Esq.,  on  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Coroner  ;  and  that,  in  answer  to  a  note  from  the 
Secretary  as  to  his  fee  for  the  same,  he  has  received  the  following  from  Mr.  Binney: 
"  G.  Roberts  Smith,  Esq.  November  13,  1840. 

"Dear  Sir: — I  beg  the  Hospital  to  accept  my  Opinion  as  a  contribution  by  me 
to  their  work  of  benevolence. 

"  I  remain  truly  yours, 

"  Horace  Binney." 

On  motion,  Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  this  Opinion  be  inserted  on  the  minutes, 
and  that  a  copy  be  also  furnished  to  the  Coroner. 

On  motion,  Resolved,  unanimously.  That  the  thanks  of  the  Managers  be 
tendered  to  Mr.  Binney  for  his  Opinion  and  the  generous  manner  in  which 
it  has  been  given. 

The  following  brief  items  will  exhibit  the  aid  extended,  by  the   Charity 
Hospital,  to  lunatics  and  indigent  patients  :  Patients. 

Jan'y  27,  1806,  That  18  lunatics  may  be  admitted,  as  paupers,  in  ail  ;  but  no 
sitting  manager  to  exceed  that  number. 

Nov.  30,  1807,  That  the  poor  list  be  e.\tended  so  as  to  admit  20  poor  lunatics 
at  one  time,  making  on  the  whole  47  poor  patients  to  be  so  admitted. 

May  9,  1808,  Agreed  that  50  paupers  may  hereafter  be  admitted  into  the 
Hospital  at  one  time  ;  of  this  number  not  more  than  20  are  to  be  lunatics. 

July  31,  1809,  That  60  poor  jjatients  may  be  admitted  at  one  time  of  whom  23 
only  are  to  be  lunatics. 

Jan'y  27,  1S17,  That  the  number  of  poor  patients  to  be  hereafter  admitted  at 
any  time  into  the  Hospital  be  increased  to  65  of  whom  25  may  be  insane. 

July  28,  1823,  The  subject  of  increasing  the  number  of  Poor  patients  to  90  of 
whom  32  may  be  insane  was  again  called  up  and  after  consideration,  adopted. 

Aug.  3,  1829,  The  attending  managers  authorized  to  receive  into  the  Hospital 
six  lunatic  patients  in  addition  to  the  number  of  Poor  Insane  patients  at  present 
allowed  upon  tlie  Charity  of  the  Institution,  said  patients  to  be  recent  cases  and 
to  be  removed  by  their  securities  at  the  end  of  six  months  if  not  cured. 

July  26,  1S30,  Resolved,  that  no  insane  patient  be  hereafter  admitted  on  the 
permanent  list  without  the  consent  of  the  Board  but  as  vacancies  occur,  the 
attending  managers  may  admit  such  cases  for  six  months. 

217 


A  disposition  being  manifested  by  the  City  authorities  to  have  their 
pauper  patients  treated  at  the  Hos])ital,  an  extended  corresijondcnce 
arose  on  the  subject  which  is  here  considerably  condensed  from  the 
several  entries  as  they  appear  upon  tlie  Minutes  of  the  Hoard  of 
Managers  : 

Mcilic;il  ami  At  ;"'  farly  date,  July  22.  17^1.  the  Managers  of  the  I'liilailelphia  t'ity  Alms- 

SurKical    house  and  House  of  Kniploymenl,  requested  "  that  their   sick  Paupers  may  be 

Cases    occasionally  admitted  into  the  Hospital  as  pay  patients  at  the  rate  of  a  Spanish 

received  into    "liU'd  dollar  ^er  week."     The  hospital  hoard  of  Managers  agreed  at  the  rate  of  a 

the  Hospital    dollar  and  one-third  said  specie  and  subsequently  it  was  agreed  to   receive  them 
from  the    for  ten  shillings  per  week.     On    May    28,    1787,    the   rate   was   reduced   to   eitjht 

Philadelphia  shillings  and  four  pence  ;  the  Almshouse  beiuK  at  this  time,  indebted  to  the 
.Almshouse.  Hospital  ^'648.  It  was  then  attain  requested  that  the  rate  of  board  be 
reduced,  which,  being  considered  by  the  Hospital  mana);ers,  they  declined  to 
make  any  alteration  for  the  present  in  the  price  or  terms  of  admission.  On 
December  7,  1789,  it  was  found  that  on  "June  ist  last  the  Almshouse  was  in  debt 
to  the  Hospital  for  maintenance  of  their  sick  ^^945,  los.,  which  beinn;  placed  in 
Attorney's  hands  for  collection,  atrial  was  obtained  on  February  12.  1791,  when 
the  Almshouse  managers,  finding  the  evidence  submitted  proved  they  had  con- 
tracted to  ]>ay  at  the  rates  and  prices  deltited  to  them,  admitted  the  ecpiity  of  the 
account  and  consented  that  a  verdict  should  be  given  for  ^1014,  due  February 
24,  1790.  The  point  at  issue  was  the  objection  of  the  Almshouse  to  the  legality  of 
the  Hospital's  charging  for  the  board  of  patients  wh(j  were  residents  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, alleging  that  the  hospital  funds  were  e.xclusively  intended  for  that  descrii)tion 
of  people  and  that  the  Hospital  had  no  right  to  take  foreigners  on  charity,  or  the 
inhabitants  of  other  Stales.  The  matter  was  fully  argued  before  the  Court,  but 
not  finally  decided,  on  the  Court  being  adjourned  to  the  3d  of  the  following 
March.  "  The  managers  had  reason  to  believe  it  would  be  determined  liberally  in 
their  favor  as  they  have  a  right  to  consider  all  persons  meeting  with  c.-isualities 
in  the  Roads  or  Streets,  or  i)erishing  with  sickness  in  the  State,  as  the  poor  of 
Pennsylvania  without  e.xception  ;  but  if  they  are  immediately  sent  from  the 
neighboring  State  for  the  e.xpress  pur|)ose  of  being  supported  in  the  hospital  they 
ought  not  to  be  admitted." 

On  .April  20,  1799,  the  Managers  informed  the  Almshouse  authorities  they  had 
room  for  si.v  patients,  il  they  had  any  diseased  persons  in  their  House,  whom  the 
I)hysicians  of  the  Hospital  should  think  proper  subjects,  they  wouUI  willingly 
receive  them  witlumt  l>ay.  The  .Almshouse  managers  accede<i  to  the  proposition, 
with  delight,  in  the  hope  that  their  maniacs  wouhl  be  selected,  which  was  not  the 
proposition  of  the  Hospital.  The  matter  led  to  correspondence  and  several  con- 
ferences; the  hospital  committee  fully  e.viilained  to  the  Almshouse  managers  the 
reason  why  they  could  not  admit  their  poor  patients  in  the  manner  and  upon  the 
unreasonable  terms  which  they  had  proposed.  It  was  finally  agreed  that  the 
managers  of  the  Hospital  should  consider,  and  make  known,  the  lowest  rate  at 
which  the  sick  patients  of  the  Almshouse  would  be  received  into  the  Pennsylvania 
hospital.  On  December  19.  1801,  they  submitted  the  following  :  "  ist,  The  Hospital 
will  take  from  the  managers  of  the  Almshouse  all  such  pay  patients  as  the  hos- 
pital physicians  consider  as  proper  cases  to  be  received  therein  at  225  cents  per 
week.  2d,  That  all  their  pay  jiatients  who  are  now  in  the  house  shall  be  charged 
at  the  same  price.  3d,  The  accounts  shall  be  settled  at  the  end  of  every  3  months. 
4th,  If  the  foregoing  proposals  are  not  agreed  to,  the  terms  of  atlmission  shall  not 
be  altered  from  three  dollars  a  week  until  further  order  is  taken  llureon." 


218 


On  Dec.  28,  1801,  Tlif  Managers  of  tlu'  Almsliouse  made  answer  that  they  coulfl 
not  ajjree  to  the  proposal,  but  it  was  prol)able  that  a  conference  would  remove    Corresjion- 
the  impediments.     At  a  conference,  held  Jany  12,  1802,  the  objections  made  to  the    dence 
proposals  of  the  hospital  managers  were  considered  and  removed  with  exce])tion    between 
of  the  first,  for  which  the  Almshouse  Committee  prepared  the  following  substi-    ciuardians 
tute :  "  Resolved  that  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  will  take  from    andMana^^ers 
the  Managers  of  the  Almshouse  all  their  lunatics  and  such  other  pay  patients  as    concerning 
may  be  considered  curable  cases  and  proper  for  admission  into  the  said  Hospital    Transfer  of 
(agreeable  to  its  Rules)  at  225  cents  per  week  for  each  of  them  for  one  year."  Patients  from 

The  Almshouse  Committee  also  proposed  to  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania    city  Alms- 
Hospital.  "  that  they  shall  cause  to  be  attended  all  their  Patients  who  may  be  in  the    house  to  the 
Almshouse,  by  the  Hospital  Physicians,  gratis;    and  that  they  shall  be  supplied    Hospital, 
with  medicines  except  liquors  at  the  expense  of  the  Hospital." 

On  Jany  25,  1802,  all  conference  on  the  subject  was  terminated  by  a  minute 
of  the  Almshouse  board,  that  they  "  are  of  opinion  it  will  not  be  advisable  to 
remove  the  sick  from  this  house  to  the  Hospital  upon  the  terms  jiroposed  by  the 
Managers  of  that  Institution  inasmuch  as  it  will  occasion  a  very  great  and  as  we 
conceive  unjustifiable  increase  of  our  expenses."  OnJany3i,  1803,  a  communi- 
cation was  received  from  the  Almshouse  board  requesting  a  conference  w-ith  the 
Managers  of  the  Hospital  on  the  admission  of  Paupers  into  said  hospital  and 
asking  the  appoititment  of  committee  of  conference.  A  conference  was  held 
Feb.  28,  1S03,  when  the  Almshouse  committee  submitted  the  following  minute 
containing  the  objections  of  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor  to  the  terms  of  admission 
for  their  sick  patients,  viz.  :  "  Whereas  it  has  been  Customary  for  the  Managers 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  admit  diseased  j)aupers  into  their  house  for  cure, 
provided  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor  will  engage  to  furnish  them  with  Cloathes  and 
pay  funeral  expenses  in  case  of  their  death,  and  such  engas;einpnls  involve  the 
Guardians  in  unnecessary,  and  in  case  of  non-residents  perhaps  in  unjustifiable, 
Expense  and  at  the  same  time  .f^cr// the  account  of  the  Guardians  ichile  (he  7cho!e 
crcdil  results  to  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital.  Resolved,  that  in  Future  No 
Guardian  sign  Sttch  Enga^euient  io  the  Hospital y  The  Almshouse  Committee 
was  informed  of  the  reasons  upon  which  the  rules  for  the  admission  of  Paupers 
into  the  Hospital  were  founded  and  the  difficulty  there  would  be  in  procuring  an 
alteration  thereof;  and  that  the  Guardians  could  derive  little  or  no  benefit  from 
the  proposed  alterations,  inasmuch  as  clothing  and  burying  their  patients  at  the 
e.xpense  of  the  Hospital  would  only  lessen  the  fund  that  supported  their  own 
poor — as  they  appeared  to  be  convinced  with  the  reasons  assigned,  the  conference 
adjourned.  The  Almshouse  board  rescinded  this  minute  and  then  adopted  the 
following  :  "  that  in  cases  where  nothing  further  is  required  than  furnishing 
Cloaths  and  defraying  funeral  Expenses  it  will  be  proper  for  the  Guardians  to  sign 
the  Engagements,  due  attention  being  previously  ])aid  to  the  .\pi>licant  being  a 
Residenter." 

This  arrangement  being  satisfactory  to  the  Managers,  the  Com- 
mittee was  discharged  July  25,  180,3,  it  not  being  considered  necessary 
to  have  any  further  conference,  at  this  time,  on  the  subject. 

A  subsequent  communication  from  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor 
was  read  February  27,  1804,  in  which  they  offered  to  transfer  two  pau- 
per lunatics  to  the  Hospital,  on  condition  that  the  Managers  "  in  future 
provide  them  all  and  every  Necessary,  without  any  Exjienseto  this  Insti- 
tution."    To  this  proposition  tiie  Managers  made  a  reply,  stating  that 

219 


They  an-  now,  and  have  been  at  all  times  well  disposed  to  extend  the  benefits 
of  the  Institution,  as  far  a  they  can  legally  and  properly  do  it  to  the  poor  of  the 
City  and  Districts  of  Philadelphia  ;  yet  they  are  not  willing  to  act  inconsistently 
with  thL-se  rules  in  favor  of  the  Guardians  or  of  any  other  persfjns  ;  And  they 
expect  whenever  the  Guardians  rightly  consider  all  Circumstances,  they  will 
be  disposed  to  j)romote  the  Interests  of  the  Citizens,  and  not  charge  them  with 
the  Board  of  Confirmed  Lunatics,  whom  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital,  have  offered 
to  maintain  free  of  any  expense  but  Cloaths  and  funeral  Charges. 

On  July  31 ,  1815,  the  following  was  received,  showing  an  amicable 
feeling  between  the  two  institutions  : 

In  Board  of  Managers  at  the  Almshouse  and  House  of  Employment  26th  ol 
June  1815. 

Resoh'ed,  That  the  Medical  Students  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  be  per- 
mitted to  attend  the  Surgical  Operations  which  may  hereafter  be  performed  in 
this  House.  John  Harrison,  Presl. 

The  From    the   above    it    is  seen   that  the  claim   that   the  excellent 

Pennsylvania  charitable  institution  known  as    "The  Philadelphia  Hospital"  now 

Hospital  m  existing  in  connection  with  the  Philadelphia  (Blockley)  Almshouse, 

prior  to  '^  "the  oldest  Hospital   in   America"    is  evidently  (niite  incorrect. 

establish-  Because  it  now  exists  in  connection  with  the  Philadeljihia  Almshouse, 

ment  of  the  jt  can  not  be  admitted  that  it  was  so  from  the  beginning,  or  that  its 

Philadelphia  organization    dates    back    to   the    establishment   of    the   first    Citv 
Hospital.       ...  „ ,  ,  ■ 

Almshouse  in  1730-31.  There  are  no  facts  to  sustain  such  an  asser- 
tion ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  seen  that  the  .Almshouse  Hospital  was  not 
established  until  some  time  between  1812  and  1815.  In  the  numerous 
communications  between  the  Board  of  Guardians  and  the  Managers  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  until  the  last  above  quoted,  no  allusion, 
direct  or  indirect,  betrays  the  existence  of  such  a  medical  organiza- 
tion. Had  such  a  hos|>ital,  in  connection  with  the  Almshouse 
existed,  the  Guardians  of  the  .\lmshouse  would  not  have  made  an 
arrangement  for  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  take 
their  curable  sick  paupers  as  pay  patients,  thus  increasing  the  expenses 
of  the  .Vlmshouse.  Finally,  that  such  Medical  Hospital  did  not  exist 
as  late  as  1802,  is  evident  from  the  ])roposais  of  the  Almshouse  Board 
to  wit :  1st,  "That  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  will 
take  from  the  Managers  of  the  Almshouse  all  their  lunatics  and  such 
other  patients  as  may  be  considered  curable  cases  and  jjroper  for 
admission  into  the  Hospital."  2d,  That  the  Managers  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  "  cause  to  be  attended  all  their  patients  who  may  be 
in  the  .-Mmshouse  by  the  Hosjjital  Physicians  gratis  ;  "  and  that  "  ihey 
be  supplied  with  medicines  except  liquors  etc.  at  the  expense  of  the 
Hospital."  It  is  evident  that  the  sick  and  insane  paupers  at  the 
Almshouse  were  not  previously  under  the  care  of  any  medical  organi- 
zation and  received  only  the  ordinary  Almshouse  care. 


At  one  ])eriod  in  the  history  of  the  Hospital,  many  Acadians 

were  admitted  for   medical   treatment.     These  people,  in  the  early   The 

part  of  the  last  century,  dwelt  in  the  territory  now  included  in  Nova  Acadians 
'  ■'  ■^  or  r  rencli 

Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  and  the  adjacent  islands,  and  were  a  peace-   Neutrals. 

able  and  industrious,  agricultural  community,  originally  a  colony  of 

Bretons,  who  came  from  France  under  Pierre  du  Gast  Sieur  de  Monts, 

a  wealthy  Huguenot,  who  had  been   commissioned  viceroy  of  New 

France,  with  full  power  to  settle  and  rule  over  a  region  extending 

from  Cape  May  to  Quebec.     This  domain  was  "  Acadie,"  their  chief 

settlement  was  at  Port  Royal,  where  they  cleared  the  primeval  forest 

and   built   their  cottages,  sixteen    years   before  the   Pilgrim   Fathers 

landed   on    the   shores   of    New    England.     At    the    conclusion    of 

the    war   between    England    and    France,   the    British    Government 

confiscated  their  lands,  and   deported   the  unhappy  Acadians  to  the 

colonies.     In  September,  1755,  a  ship  arrived  in  the  Delaware  with 

nearly   1400   of  these  unwilling   immigrants  on   board.     After  some 

delav,  they  were  allowed   to  land  and  were  placed  in   some  small 

buildings  on  Pine  Street  below  Sixth,  especially  constructed  to  provide 

for  their  accommodation  and  shelter. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  W.  Levick,iwho  was  born  in   lySgand  died  in 

1886,  in  "Recollections  of  My  Early    Days"    (1S81),  says    of    the 

"Neutrals"  : 

I  often  went  out  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  where  I  was  known  to  the 
Steward  and  Matron,  and  to  others  there.  The  insane  patients  occupied  one 
part  of  the  building,  and  among  them  was  the  wife  of  the  rich  merchant  Stephen 
Girard.  She  frequently  had  something  to  say  to  me,  and  I  remember  her  bright, 
black  eyes  to  this  day.  We  made  it  a  rule  to  leave  the  hospital  early  in  the 
afternoon  on  account  of  its  remote  situation  and  our  fear  of  walking  from  it  near 
nightfall ;  especially  were  we  afraid  to  pass  Pine  Street  between  Fifth  and  Si.\th 
Streets,  where  the  Neutrals  had  their  huts,  of  whom  we  were  dreadfully  afraid. 
Either  justly  or  unjustly,  they  were  not  favorites,  and  by  us  regarded  as  a 
dangerous  set  of  people,  to  be  studiously  avoided. 

An  entry  upon  the  minutes,  .\pril  26,  1763,  reveals  the  fact  that 
some  of  the  patients  were  of  this  class : 

Admitted  as  Out  Patients  Seven  French  Neutrals  accidentally  poisoned  by 
Eating  Poke  Root  which  they  had  mistaken  for  Horse  Raddish. 

They  were  admitted  on  the  loth  inst.  and  discharged  on  the 
23d,  "  being  all  recovered."  Although  no  further  reference  appears 
in  the  minutes  to  these  unfortunate  people,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
but  that,  on  account  of  their  destitute  condition  and  their  residence 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  Hospital,  they  were  often  treated  within  the 
wards  of  the  institution,  as  well  as  by  the  Out-Patient  department. 

^  The  molher  of  the  late  Dr.  James  J.  Lcvick,  formerly  one  of  the  Physicians  to  the  Hospital. 

221 


Although  the  founders  of  the  institution  could  not  have  aniici- 
Soldier  pated  that  it  would  ever  be  used  as  a  Military  Hospital,  for  a 
I'atii-ms.  {j„,^._  diirjn^r  the  early  years  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  it  was 
forcibly  occupied  for  this  iJurpose,  by  the  English  troops,  and  both 
before  and  after  the  IJritish  occupation  of  the  city  it  was  called  upon 
to  take  care  of  many  of  the  patriots  who  had  been  broken  in  health, 
by  exposure  in  the  field  or  while  encamped  at  \'allcy  1-orge.  or 
wounded  in  various  engagements  with  the  enemy.  Previous  to  this 
time,  however,  the  French  and  Indian  war  had  furnished  patients. 
After  (ieneral  Dunbar  returned  to  Philadelphia  from  Braddock's 
disastrous  expedition,  we  find  the  following  unfortunate  case  among 
the  admissions,  October  13,  1755  :  "  Michael  Higgins  a  Soldier,  was 
admitted,  having  his  under  jaw  shot  off  in  the  late  Engagement  under 
deneral  Hraddock."  A  soldier  of  the  Royal  Americans  was  admitted 
April  25,  1757,  "  for  whose  Board  his  Pay  and  Subsistance  Money  is  to 
be  allowed."  August  17,  1757,  "  Admitted  Thos.  Boyd  who  had  his 
feet  mashed  in  the  province  Service,  on  board  the  Pennsylvania  Frig- 
ate." March  15,  1758,  "Admitted  Jno.  L'lric  one  of  the  provincial 
Soldiers  discharged  by  order  of  Col.  Jno.  Armstrong,  very  hard  of 
hearing.  Prest.  and  Managers  Security."  In  this  case  it  ap|>ears  that 
the  sympathy  of  the  Board  was  successfully  appealed  to,  possibly  the 
full  diagnosis  was  not  recorded  and  he  was  also  suffering  with  general 
debility  and  it  was  thought  that  the  Hospital  treatment  might  restore 
his  strength,  even  though  his  hearing  failed  to  be  improved.  The 
Managers  and  physicians  were  obliged  to  obey  their  own  rules  of 
admission  and  provide  security  for  a  patient,  and,  where  the  sick 
person  had  no  friends,  they  signed  the  obligation  themselves.  'I'hus 
June  26,  1758,  "William  Elliott,  a  poor  patient  one  of  the  Provincial 
Soldiers  with  a  continual  fever.  Doctors  and  Managers  Security." 
December  25,  of  the  same  year,  "  .\dniitted  John  Brown  with  an 
autumnal  fever  and  Oeo.  Wood  with  a  fever;  these  two  are  Cai)tives 
lately  released  from  Canada."  June  25,  1759,  "John  Barbeau  a 
French  Prisoner  was  admitted,  as  a  pay  patient,"  and  on  the  same 
day,  "Admitted  Richard  Knowles  as  a  Poor  Out-Patient  with 
Rheumatic  Pains  he  was  a  Soldier  taken  at  Oswego."  On  November 
26,  same  year,  there  was  "Admitted,  James  Pendergrass  a  pa) 
Patient,  who  lost  his  leg  in  the  Province  Service  recommended  by 
Jos.  Fo.\,  who  promises  that  the  Provincial  Commissioners  will  pay, 
if  necessary."  The  victims  of  prison  discipline  were  received  from 
time  to  time,  thus  F'ebruary  25,  1760,  "Admitted  Michael  Butler  a 
Poor  Patient  with  Foul  Ulcers.  He  came  lately  out  of  a  French 
Prison,  the  present  Managers  his  Security."  June  30,  i  760,  "  Admitted 


John  York,  a  Poor  Patient  with  a  bad  Leg,  had  been  a  Provincial 
Soldier  and  taken  Prisoner  to  Canada  and  made  his  escape."     August   Soldier 
27,  1764,  "  Henry  Fowl  a  poor  Soldier  (from  Fort  Stanwicks)  with  a   P»t'<^"ts- 
Gun-Shot  Wound  in  his  Leg." 

When  the  war  of  the  Revolution  began  in  earnest,  the  Hospital 
was  of  great  service  both  to  the  wounded  patriots  and  to  sick  or 
wounded  captives.  Thus  it  is  recorded  in  the  minutes  December  5, 
1776,  "  that  seventy  soldiers  were  admitted  the  fifth  of  Twelfth  month, 
by  order  of  the  Council  of  Safety,"  and  twenty  of  them  went  away  at 
different  times  in  this  month.  Many  of  these  received  their  wounds 
in  the  defence  of  Fort  Washington,  and  subsequently  at  Trenton  and 
Princeton.  This  was  the  most  trying  time  of  the  Revolution. 
General  Washington  had  been  forced  to  retire  to  the  west  bank  of  the 
Delaware,  and  General  Howe  was  marching  through  New  Jersey  with 
his  victorious  army  on  his  way  to  take  possession  of  Philadelphia. 
The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  now  became  a  Military  Hospital.  It  is 
recorded  in  local  history  that  "The  Council  of  Safety  cleared  a  wing 
of  the  Bettering  House  for  a  hospital,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
was  set  apart  for  the  use  of  Continental  troops. — The  Senior  and 
Junior  Drs.  Thomas  Bond  rendered  efficient  aid  in  organizing  ihe 
hospital  system  upon  a  proper  basis  and  securing  competent  surgical 
and  medical  aid." ' 

In  December,  Congress  hurriedly  removed  to  Baltimore  and 
Washington  appointed  General  Putnam,  Military  Governor  of  the 
city.  Martial  law  prevailed  and  all  male  "citizens  between  si.xteen 
and  sixty  years  of  age"  were  enrolled.  On  December  30,  1776,  nine 
hundred  Hessians  captured  by  Washington  at  Trenton,  were  brought 
to  the  city  on  their  way  to  Lancaster.  Part  of  these,  being  unable 
to  continue  their  journey,  were  received  into  the  Hospital  for  treat- 
ment. The  Committee  of  Safety  was  dissolved  and  martial  law 
yielded  to  civil  government,  on  March  4,  1777,  when  the  Supreme 
Executive  Council  took  control  and  its  President,  Thomas  Wharton, 
Jr.,  was  proclaimed  Captain-General  and  Commander-in-Chief  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  Courts  were  reorganized.  "Soon  after  the 
beginning  of  the  year  there  were  twenty-two  hundred  Militia  in  the 
City  awaiting  arms  and  fourteen  hundred  sick  in  the  Hospitals."  - 
At  this  time  the  capacity  of  the  institution  was  tested  to  the  utmost, 
but  the  Managers  were  equal  to  the  situation  and  continued  at  their 
post,    faithful   to   the   trust   which   had  been  placed   in    their  hands. 

1  Scharfir&  Westcott.  Vol.  I,  p.  333.    Also  this  History,  page  57. 

2  Scharff  &  Westcott,  Vol.  I.    p.  341. 

223 


February  4,  1777,  the  Managers  acknowledge  receiptor  $88.10,  ])aid 
SoUliir  by  order  of  Council  of  Safety  "  for  Board,  etc.,  of  the  Soldiers  on  |)er 
Paticiiis.  ^(,g(  rendered."  March  4th,  a  committee  was  apiwinted  to  confer 
with  the  physicians  esiiecially  "relating  to  the  use  of  Medicines  for 
the  Soldiers  and  Sailors  lately  introduced,"  and  the  following  meeting 
(March  31)  contains  the  rejiort  of  the  committee,  which  "  informed 
the  Board  that  Doctor  Bond  who  has  the  Care  of  the  wounded  Soldiers 
and  Sailors,  agrees  to  pay  for  or  replace  the  Medicine  of  the  house 
used  for  such  as  himself  is  jiaid  for." 

After  the  iieriod  of  military  occupancy,  the  authorities  occasion- 
ally found  it  convenient  to  send  invalid  soldiers  for  treatment: 

War  Office,  October  3rd,  1784. 
Sir :  ColoiK-1  Harmaii  h.is  intcriil  three  SoUlit-rs  to  Car|K-iU(.T's  Hall  so  iiuich 
incapacitati'il  by  sickiiuss  as  to  be  riMidfrcd  iiicap.ablc  of  procceilinn  with  the 
Troops  to  the  Westward.  Havinj;  no  Hospital  here  or  any  person  to  take  tare  of 
them,  I  nuist  bey  your  assistance  in  i)rocurin);  them  admission  into  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital.  I  will  hold  myself  responsible  for  the  payment  of  all  reason.ible 
charges  that  may  be  incurred  for  Board,  Medicine,  attendance,  etc. 

I  am  Sir  with  i^re.at  respect  Your  Most  Ob'dnt  and  very  H'bl  Serv't, 

1.   Cari-tox. 

After  the  war  the  Managers  had  a  number  of  soldier  patients  on 
their  hands,  even  for  several  years,  as  we  learn  from  the  following 
minute  of  January  30,  1786: 

It  appearing  to  this  Board  that  Dennis  Ford  and  Uavid  Grady,  Patients  in  the 
Hospital,  belonginK  to  this  St.'ite  have  been  maintained  .it  the  expense  of  this 
Institution  for  Four  Years  &  that  the  amount  thereof  for  Board,  Medicine,  & 
CloathinR  is  Two  hundred  S:  forty-nine  Pounds,  twelve  shillinjis,  Samuel  Howell 
and  Samuel  Coates  with  the  assistance  of  Doctor  Hutchinson  are  desired  to  apply 
to  the  State  for  i)ayment  thereof. 

The  Managers  were  finally  successful  in  having  the  claim  paid: 

CoMi'T.  Gknf.ral's  Office.  March  22,  1787. 

Genlttnien, — I  have  settled  and  passed  the  Account  for  the  Board  and  Cloath- 
ing  of  Dennis  Ford  and  David  C.r.idy  in  the  Hospital  till  25th  March,  17S7,  agree- 
able to  your  Account  thereof  Rendered,  but  in  future  this  State  will  not  pay  more 
than  twenty-two  pounds  ten  shillings  per  annum  each,  as  it  cannot  be  done 
without  a  law  for  th.at  purpose. — These  men  were  in  public  service  and  what  hath 
been  now  passed  by  this  State  and  Allowed  will  be  Absorbed  in  the  pay  and 
rations  they  would  be  intitled  to  from  the  United  States,  which  will  therefore  be 
charged  to  their  Account— and  the  sum  I  have  ment'd  as  their  future  Allowance 
is  the  LHmost  which  the  States  are  respectively  permitted  to  give  to  soldiers  who 
during  their  Service  in  the  .^rmy  were  disabled  from  gaining  their  livelihood  by 
labor — And  therefore  Penn'a  will  be  able  to  gain  a  credit  with  the  Union  on  Acc't 
of  the  E.xisting  Requisitions  for  payments  made  on  .\cc't  of  these  men  as  a 
pension. 

I   have  the  Honor  to  be,  With  gre.at  respect.  Gentlemen,  your  Most  Obed. 

Servant, 

J.  Nicholson. 

224 


Two  years  later,  the  following  communication  was  received  from 

the  same  writer,   informing    the   Managers  that   the  authorities  had   (iovemment 

discontinued   the  payment  of   pensions  to    persons  disabled  in    the   Correspon- 
'    ^  dence  with 

service  :  j,,^  Managers 

Gentlemen, — The  disabled  persons  in  the  Hospital  who  were  heretofore  paid    of  t''e 
for  by  this  State  cannot  longer  be  so  paid  for — as  the  laws  for  paying  pensions  to    Hospital, 
such  persons  as  were  disabled  in  the  Service  of  this  United  States  now  cease  to 
have  their  operation — According  to  a  law  passed  last  session.         , 

It  appears  that  soldiers  continued  in  the  Hospital  for  several  years 

as  pay  patients,  however,  as  intimated  in  the  following  note  of  March 

26,  1792  : 

There  being  a  number  of  sick  soldiers  in  the  House  at  8/4  Per  Week,  which 
the  Managers  are  convinced  is  lower  than  the  average  Cost  of  the  Patients,  it  is 
agreed  that  Ten  Shillings  Per  Week  shall  hereafter  be  charged  for  them  and  the 
sitting  Managers  are  desired  not  to  admit  any  Patients  who  have  the  means  ol 
making  payment  under  that  price  in  future. 

The  following  belongs  to  a  later  period  : 

Phil.\delphia,  14  April,  1814. 
Samuel  Coates,  Esq. 

air: — As  British  Agent  for  Prisoners  of  War  in  this  district,  I  Have  paid  two 
Bills  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  maintenance  of  and  attention  to 
wounded  prisoners  amounting  together  to  si.\  hundred  and  twenty -five  dollars 
and  twenty-eight  cents,  which  Sum  Col.  Barclay  our  Comm'y  GcnI.  tells  me  he 
does  not  feel  himself  authorized  to  repay  me,  and  seems  to  doubt  whether  I  shall 
be  able  to  recover  it  from  the  British  Government,  no  charge  being  ever  made  to 
any  Nation  for  sick  or  wounded  Prisoners  of  War  admitted  to  any  Hospital 
within  his  Majesty's  Dominions.  Col.  Barclay  also  tells  me  that  his  recommenda-  • 
tion  in  behalf  of  British  Sailors  has  often  met  with  attention  from  the  Managers 
of  the  New  York  Hos|)itaI  unaccompanied  with  any  e.xpense. 

He  has  requested  me  to  mention  these  circimistances  for  consideration  of 
your  Board  and  has  desired  me  to  assure  the  Managers  that  if  any  opportunity 
should  present  itself  of  his  being  serviceable  to  the  institution  he  will  gladly 
embrace  it — it  was  his  good  fortune  to  repay  the  obligations  he  was  under  to  the 
Directors  of  that  at  New  York,  by  obtaining  permission  from  the  British  Admiral 
for  the  admission  of  a  vessel  containing  their  winter's  supply  of  fuel. 

I  shall  be  obliged  by  your  answer,  I  am  very  respectfully 

Sir  Your.  Ob'd  h'ble  Servt., 

A.  Walker  Jr. 

The  Managers  at  their  next  meeting  directed  a  reply  to  be  sent  to 
the  above,  insisting  upon  observing  the  rules  of  the  Hospital  and 
stating  that,  although 

individuals  who  are  strangers  and  destitute  of  money  and  friends  are 
frequently  received,  maintained  and  relieved  at  the  expense  of  the  Hospital,  yet 
that  in  all  cases  where  there  are  private  friends  or  public  agents  the  Managers 
take  security  from  them  and  receive  the  price  agreed  for  the  support  of  the  patient. 

A  number  of  years  later,  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  the 
Managers  were  called   upon  at  various  times  to  make  e.xtraordinary 

225 


preparations  for  the  reception  of  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  of  our 
Soldiers  of  army  and  a  large  number  were  admitted  and  treated.' 
the  Civil  ^^^  ^y^^  Contributors'  Meeting,  May,  i86i,the  Managers  referred 

to  tlie  impending,  terriblescourgeof  civil  war  threatening  the  country, 
and  the  necessity  of  having  additional  funds  to  care  for  the  sick  or 
wounded  soldiers  who  might  be  brought  to  the  Hospital.  Contribu- 
tions were  freely  offered.  The  first  reception  of  wounded 
soldiers  was  on  July  7,  1862,  and  in  October  following  all  were 
removed.  The  entire  numlier  treated  was  124,  principally  surgical 
cases.  On  various  occasions  since  that  dale,  soldiers  have  l)een 
admitted,  both  into  the  medical  and  surgical  wards,  and  have  been 
maintained  and  treated  at  the  expense  of  the  Hospital  and  no  sjjecial 
record  made  of  them. 

As  the  occui)ation  of  patients  was  not  formerly  recorded  by  the 
Managers,  it  is  often  only  from  the  nature  of  the  injury  that  the  fact 

may  be  inferred  that  the  patient  in  such  cases  is  a  seaman,  while  in  a 
Sailors  and    ,     '  ,        ....  ,,  ,       ,,,,      ^  -in.-, 

the  United   ^^"'  ^"^  ^^^^  '^  mcidentally  stated.      1  he  first  to  api)ear  in  the  Minutes, 

Sates  Marine  although  probably  not  the  first  to  be  admitted  into  the  Hospital,  was 

Hospital    "  John  Anderson  (a  poor  sailor),"   admitted   May   30,    1757,    "with 

Service   yi^-g^j;  j^  i^jg  'Poj-j  occasioned  by  Chigers  in   his    Feet,"    the   disexse 
Patients 

having  been  acquired  probably  either  in  the  West  Indies,  or  Central 

America.     William  Walker,  admitted  July  6,  1757,   suffering  with  a 

"Scorbutic  Habit  and  Sinuous  Ulcer  in  his  Thigh,"  the  result,  it  was 

alleged,  of  "beating  &  other  Hard  Treatment"   by  Captain  Jno. 

Morrison. 

Accidents  incidental  to  a  sailor's  life  also  sent  patients  into  the 

Hospital,  thus  August  13,  1757,  "Admitted  Jno.  Richardson  (a  poor 

Patient)  who  fell  from  a  Ship's  Top  &  broke  his  thigh."     .\nd  on  the 

17th,   "  Thos.  Boyd  (a  poor  Patient)   who  had  his  feet    mashed   on 

board  the  Pennsylvania  Frigate."     The  interest  of  the  Managers  in 

the  welfare  of  the  patients,  especially  the  poor  and  friendless  ones,  is 

evidenced  by  the  following  (December  25,  1758)  :  "  Admitted  George 

Saunders,  a  negro  boy,  with  a  wound  in  his  Arm  an  engagement  at 

Sailors  Sea,  Nicholas  Jones  his  security  as  a  pay  patient ;  the  boy  being  called 

kindly  a  free  Negro  care  must  be  taken  on  his  discharge  that  N.  Jones  takes 

cared  for  no  advantage  of  him  for  his  entertainment   here."     Their  sympathy 

is  manifest  also  in  the  following  entry  on    their   book,    January   29, 

1759  "Admitted  Richard  Taylor  (a  poor  Sailor)  with  a  very  bad 

Wound  in  his  single  Eye,  the   Doctors   are  apprehensive  the  Eye  is 

destroyed."     It  was  more  substantially  shown   in  the  following  case, 

'  See  p»ge  95. 

226 


June  25,  1759  :  "Discharged;  Edward  Dickett  a  poor  Sailor  at  his 
request  in  order  to  go  to  London  to  his  Friends.  The  Managers 
contributed  the  sum  of  jQ  3.  17/6.  towards  paying  his  passage  &  he 
produced  a  Receipt  from  Capt.  Nicholson  for  jQ  5.  paid  in  full  for  his 
Passage. ' ' 

As  it  is  not  stated  that  the  Treasurer  was  directed  to  pay  the  sum, 
it  probably  was  contributed  personally  by  the  Managers  and  not 
taken  from  the  funds  of  the  Hospital.  Among  the  admissions  were 
several  Chinese  and  other  Asiatics,  who  probably  came  here  as  part 
of  the  crew  of  some  vessel.  Further  notice  of  individual  cases  would 
take  up  too  much  space,  and  the  relation  of  the  Hospital  to  the 
United  States  Marine  Hospital  Service  will  now  be  briefly  reviewed. 

There  were  sailors  under  treatment  in  the  Hospital  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  year  1776,  for  in  the  entry  of  January  i,  1777 
among  the  admissions  for  the  preceding  month,  their  were  "two 
Sailors,  who  came  in  with  a  number  of  soldiers  and  Hessians."  On 
March  4th,  "  a  Committee  appointed  to  confer  with  the  Physicians 
on  several  matters  relating  to  their  Practice  in  the  Hospital,  gave  an 
account  of  the  Conversation  they  have  had  with  some  of  them  in 
respect  to  the  Pay  Patients,  but  there  remains  some  further  confer- 
ence necessary  relating  to  the  use  of  the  Medicines  for  the  Soldiers 
and  Sailors  lately  introduced  there,  they  are  desired  to  confer  further 
with  them  thereon,"  etc.  The  result  was  that  Dr.  Bond,  who  was  then 
Acting  Director-General  of  Hospitals  for  the  Government,  "  who  has 
the  care  of  the  wounded  Soldiers  and  Sailors  agrees  to  pay  for  or 
replace  the  Medicines  of  the  house  used  for  such  as  himself  is  paid 
for"  which  the  Managers  were  obliged  to  be  satisfied  with.  After 
the  British  army  had  evacuated  Philadelphia,  and  had  taken  their  sick 
with  them,  Dr.  Bond  again  made  arrangements  with  the  Managers  for 
the  reception  of  Soldiers,  and,  probably,  of  Sailors  also. 

By  Act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  of  July  16,  1798,   g^-amt^,,  ^f 
masters  of  vessels  were  authorized   to  deduct  twenty  cents  a  month   United  States 
from  the  wages  of  seamen  to  be  paid  to  the  Collector  of  Customs,  this   ^'avy  and 
money  to  be  applied,  under  direction  of  the  President,  for  the  relief  ^''^''^"^"t 
of  sick   and    disabled  seamen  ;    provided,  however,  that  it  shall   be 
expended  in  the  District  where  it  was   collected.     This  pro-oiso   not 
being  satisfactory  to  the  Southern  States,  Congress  by  Act,  March  2, 
1799,  authorized  the  President  to  have  the  money  expended  either  in 
the  State  where  it  was  collected,  or  the  next  adjoining  one ;  the  New- 
England  members  were  so  tenacious  of  their  rights  on  this  occasion, 
an  exception   was  made  of  the  four  New-England  States.     By  Act, 
passed  May  3,  1S02,  it  was  declared,  that  all  the  monies  so  collected 

227 


should  form  one  general  fund  to  be  expended  under  direction  of  the 

President,  without  regard  to  the  District  or  State  in  which  the  same 

was  collected  ;  provided,  however,  that  fifteen  thousand  dollars  should 

be  ai)proi)riated  to  the  building  of  a  Hospital  in  Massachusetts. 

Vatiiiits  from  The    first    reference   in    the  minutes  to  the  United  States  Marine 

till-  Marine   Hospital  Service,  appears  in  the  following  correspondence,  which  con- 

ospi  a    j^jpg  ^  proposition  to  the  Managers,  from  the  United  States  Custom 

Service  and  '^      '  ° 

United  States   House,   to  take  Sailor    Patients    from  the  United   States    Navy   and 

Navy.    Merchant  service.     On  June  24,  1799,  the  following  communication 

from  the  Collector  of  the  Port,  was  presented  : 

CrsTOM  HorsK,  I'liiladelpliia,  June  20,  1799. 

Geiillfiitin  : — The  monies  which  may  be  collected  in  Pennsylvania,  Delaware 
and  the  Western  districts  of  New  Jersey  under  the  Law  entitled  an  Act  for  the 
relief  of  the  sick  and  disabled  Seamen  is  to  be  expended  under  my  direction  for 
the  purpose  of  making  provision  for  the  temporary  relief  and  support  of  sick  and 
disabled  Seamen  in  the  i>ul>lic  and  private  service. 

It  is  most  e.\pedient  that  the  expenditure  of  this  fund  be  made  at  Hospitals 
or  other  proper  Institutions  now  established.  My  opinion  of  your  Institution  and 
the  Management  of  it  is  so  very  high  as  to  induce  me  to  make  you  the  first 
application.  1  am  therefore  to  request  that  you  will  be  pleased  to  take  the  same 
into  your  consideration  and  to  say  whether  it  will  be  agreeable  to  you  to  under 
take  the  relief  and  support  of  the  Officers,  Se.amen  and  Marines  of  the  Navy  of  the 
U.  States  and  Master  Mariners  and  seamen  employed  in  private  or  Merchant 
Vessels  and,  if  so.  it  will  be  necessary  to  fix  by  ))recise  agreements  the  Conditions 
upon  which  sick  and  disabled  seamen  shall  be  received  Sc  supplied  with  what- 
ever their  Necessities  may  require,  the  Accounts  must  be  rendered  at  least 
quarterly,  supported  by  such  vouchers  as  are  usual  an<l  .ns  Circumstances  will 
admit  of  beinu  taken  which  after  due  Kxamination  will  be  paid  out  of  Monies  in 
my  Hands  :  it  may  be  proper  to  say  that  in  the  Execution  of  this  business  fjreat 
Care  and  attention  will  be  necessary  to  prevent  the  funds  thus  provided  by  the 
humane  Intentions  of  Congress  from  being  diverted  to  maintenance  of  Persons 
who  ought  to  be  relieved  as  paupers  under  the  nuinicipal  State  Regulations  ; 
I  am  Gentlemen 

Very  respectfully,  Your  obedt.  humble  Servant, 

CfEorce  Latimkk. 

On  July  29,  1 799:  the  following  action  was  taken  : 

The  proposal  of  George  L.atimer  being  considered,  the  Board  are  willing  to 
receive  under  their  Care  all  sick  and  disabled  Seamen  of  the  United  States  in  his 
department  in  Public  &  Private  Service  except  infectious  Cases  on  the  following 
terms  &  Conditions,  that  is  to  say  at  four  dollars  a  Week  each ;  the  United  St.ates 
to  find  them  in  Clothing  only  and  to  pay  their  funeral  expenses:  The  Managers 
of  the  Hospital  not  to  be  sureties  for  the  return  of  any  Seamen  but  those  who 
come  into  the  House;  all  of  which  they  will  inform  George  Latimer  of  .as  they  are 
Cured  unless  they  elope,  which  the  Hospital  cannot  warrant  against  but  will 
endeavour  to  prevent ; — this  Agreement  if  acceded  to  by  George  Latimer,  is  to 
bind  the  Managers  for  one  year  on  trial  and  leave  him  at  full  Liberty  to  withdraw 
all  those  Seamen  at  any  time  within  that  period  that  he  pleases  to  make  other 
arrangements. 

228 


Patients. 


This  arrangement,  however,  was  apparently  not  consuniniated 
until  another  overture  had  been  made  by  the  Custom  House  authori-  Sailor 
ties.  May  26,  1800,  George  Latimer,  renewing  his  proposal  to  the 
Managers  to  take  charge  of  all  the  sick  and  disabled  Seamen  of  the 
United  States  in  his  department  at  S3. 50  per  week,  "  it  is  agreed  to 
accept  the  proposal  for  one  year  on  trial,  all  infectious  cases  to  be 
rejected." 

The  arrangement  proposed  by  Mr.  Latimer  was  carried  into  effect, 
and  worked  smoothly  for  several  years.  The  Sailors  were  examined 
by  the  hospital  physicians  and,  when  considered  proper  subjects  for 
treatment,  a  certificate  was  given  which,  on  presentation  to  the  Custom 
House  authority,  was  exchanged  for  an  order  for  admission.  They 
were  treated  by  the  Hospital  staff  and  the  government  officials  were 
notified  when  they  were  ready  to  be  discharged. 

Soon  after  the  opening  of  the  century,  it  appears  that  the 
Government  regularly  contracted  with  the  Hospital  for  the  treatment  of 
the  sick  and  injured  sailors,  as  is  seen  from  a  communication  subse- 
quently received  from  Peter  Muhlenberg,  then  Collector  of  the  Port  of 
Philadelphia  : 

Custom  Hol'se,  May  25,  1805. 

Dear  Sir: — Will  you  have  the  Goodness  to  furnish  me  with  a  list  of  such 
seamen  who  have  been  admitted  into  the  Hospital  and  discharged  since  the  first 
of  April  last  ? 

I  am  requested  to  state  tile  reason  for  continuing  some  of  them  in  the  Hospital 
since  1803.  It  seems  the  relief  afforded  to  disabled  Seamen  by  the  United  States, 
is  considered  temporary  and  not  permanent,  and  not  to  be  e.\tended  to  incurables  ; 
otherwise  in  a  short  time,  those  who  want  an  immediate  and  temporary  relief, 
will  be  excluded  by  the  number  of  those  who  remain  for  a  length  of  time.  I  will 
thank  you  to  enable  me  to  account  for  those  remaining  since  1803  and  1804. 

The  answer  from  the  Managers  is  as  follows  : 

Pennsylvania  Hospital,  5th  mo.  30,  1805. 
To  Peter  Muhlenberg  Esqr.  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia  and  .^gent  of 

the  Marine  Hospital. 

Respected  Friend : — Thy  Communication  of  the  25th  Instant  to  the  Steward 
of  this  Institution  being  handed  over  to  the  Managers,  We  were  requested  in 
their  behalf  to  reply  to  it  and  therefore  have  enclosed  agreeably  to  thy  Wish  a 
list  of  the  Patients  admitted  by  thy  order  who  have  been  received  in  the  house 
and  discharged  from  it  from  the  31st  of  3d  month  to  this  Date  and  also  a  list  of 
those  who  have  been  long  there,  say  those  admitted  in  1803  and  1804,  from  which 
thou  wilt  perceive  that  several  of  the  last  have  either  died  or  been  discharged  since 
the  last  quarterly  Account  and  that  from  the  nature  and  evidence  of  the  disease 
of  those  who  were  long  continued  as  patients  and  of  those  who  remain  of  this 
description  that  they  were  and  are  in  a  State  of  Infirmity  which  prevented  the 
possibility  of  their  assisting  themselves  and  if  deprived  of  the  benefit  of  the 
Hospital  fund  must  either  have  been  supported  by  some  other  Charity,  or  perished 
in  Misery. 

229 


Of  tliu    ContimiaiK  r    ami    ixtiiit    of  tlii.'    rclii-f   cuiiti'iiiplatiil  !>>    llir  Act  of 

CorrtsrKin-    Congrtss  to  be  aftbrdi'd  to  those  who  are  eiuitlcd  and  cumpelled  to  resort  to  its 

dence  with    ''f^fit,  We   are   perhaps   not    well   qualified   to  judxe   yet    we   cannot    forbear 

Collector  of   '"''""K  ''"^  present  Opportunity  to  remark  that  it  would  seem  contrary  to  the 

the  Port     Spirit  of  the  Cliarity  that  dictated  that   Law  to  the  Legislature  to  construe  it  in 

such  .\L-inner  as  to  deprive  those  who  most  require  the  relief  it  affords   of  that 

relief  merely  because  they  most  severely  feel  the  Necessity  of  resorting  to  it  to 

which  We  must  add  that  no  individual    has  been  permitted  to  remain  in  this 

Institution  longer  tlian  was  required  to  restore  him  to  Society  with  a  prospect  of 

that  usefulness  which  every  individual  in  his  particular  Capacity  owes  to  it. 

Thy  friends 

PASCHAI.I.  HuI.LINCiSWOKTH 
SAMl'Iil,  CoATKS. 

The   following  letters  to  the  Collector  of  the    I'ort   have  some 

historical  interest : 

U.  S.  Trkasikv  Uki'AKTMENt,  December  20,  1806. 
iiVr.— Your  Letter  of  the  nth.  Instant  respecting  the  .Ifariiii-  Hospital  was 
laid  before  the  President  of  the  United  States  who  approves  the  regulations  you 
propose  for  the  reduction  of  the  expenses  of  that  establishment  to  a  level  with 
the  receipts  of  the  funds.  He  adds  that  no  Civil  Magistrate  can  dictate  to  the 
United  States  who  shall  be  the  Objects  of  their  Charity. 

I  am  very  respectfully  Sir  Your  Obedient  Scrvt. 
Albert  Gallatin 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
U.  S.  Treasury  Department  28  February  1807 
S/j-.— Your  letter  of  the  i8th  Instant  having  been  submitted  to  the  President 
of  the  United  States  for  his  consideration  thereon  I  am  directed  by  him  to  inform 
you  that  neither  Maniacs  nor  Chronical  Cases  ought  to  be  admitted  into  the 
Hospital  &  that  if  any  of  that  description  have  been  already  admitted  they  ought 
not  til  be  retained. 

I  am  very  respectfully  Sir  Your  Obed't.  Serv't. 
Albert  Gallatln 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
Custom  House,  Philadelphia,  March  6,  1807. 
Gentlemen  : — Enclosed  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  Copy  of  a  Letter  I 
received    from   the   Secretary  of  the  Treasury  dated    20    December,    1806,   and 
another  dated  28  February,  1807,  both  relative  to  the  Marine  Hospital. 

From  the  Instructions  contained  in  the  latter  I  presume  it  will  be  necessary 

that  the  Hospital  Physicians  should  in  their  Certificates  precisely  state  the  Nature 

of  the  Disease  of  every  applicant  who  is  to  be  admitted  on   behalf  of  the  United 

States  and  to  with-hoki  a  Certificate  in  all  Cases  of  Mania  and  Chronic  Disorders. 

I  am  very  Respectfully  Gentlemen  Your  Obedient  Servant, 

P.   MlllLENBlRO, 

Collector  of  the  Port. 

Collector's  Office,  Philada.,  Feby.  27th,  1809. 
Gentlemen : — You  will  please  to  Release  the  United  States  from  any  further 
Expense  by  discharging  from  the  Marine  Hospital  the  persons  whose  Names  are 
contained  in  the  inclosed  List. 

I  am  very  Respectfully  Gentlemen  Your  Obd't  Servant, 

John  Steele, 
Collector  and  Agent  Marine  Hospital. 
To  Messrs.  VV.  Povntell  and  J.  Hewes. 

230 


on  Sailor 
Patients  in 
the  Hospital 


This  letter  and  list  of  patients  was  referred  to  a  Committee  of  the 
Sitting  Managers  "who  are  requested  to  procure  in  Writing  from  Discussion 
Dr.  Rush,  his  report  on  each  of  those  Cases  for  the  Collector's  infor- 
mation, and  if  he  insists  on  the  patients  being  discharged,  the  Com- 
mittee are  to  require  the  Collector  to  remove  them  (agreeably  to  the 
terms  of  Admission)  as  expressed  in  the  Notes  he  signed  for  each  of 
them  when  received  in  the  House." 

The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Collector's   Letter  of  the  27th 

Ultimo  bring  before  us  a  Report  and   Letter  of  Dr.  Rush,  of  which  the  following 

is  a  Copy : 

Penna.  Hospital,  3  mo.  4,  1809. 

In  Conformity  with  directions  the  Managers  Respectfully  inform  the  Collector 
of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia  and  Agent  for  the  Marine  Fund  that  they  have 
obtained  the  .\nnexed  Opinion  of  Dr.  Rush  on  the  Cases  who  by  the  Collector's 
Note  of  the  27th  Ultimo  are  ordered  to  be  discharged  ;  If  after  a  Reconsideration 
of  the  Subject  with  this  document  before  him  the  Collector  should  persist  in  his 
determination  the  Managers  will  unquestionably  comply  at  the  same  time 
informing  him  that  the  Rules  of  that  House  (in  compliance  with  the  poor  laws  of 
the  State)  which  make  it  necessary  that  the  Security  of  every  Person  received 
into  it  should  engage  for  the  Patients  removal  when  discharged  must  be  complied. 

If  therefore  the  Collector  should  believe  it  right  to  remove  these  miserable 
Objects  the  Managers  have  directed  the  Steward  to  deliver  them  to  him  or  to 
such  Person  as  he  may  authorize  to  receive  them. 

JosiAH  Hewes, 
Thos.  Morris. 

March  4th,  1809. 
To  the  Managers  : 

I  have  Carefully  examined  the  Cases  Viz.     Isaac  Davis,  \Vm.  Johnson,  John    Report  by 
Roberts,  \Vm.  Barker,  John  Moore,  Thomas  Churchill  and  John  Tree  and  am  of    Dr.  Rush. 
Opinion  that  it  will  be  incompatible  with  the  duties  which  the  Managers  and 
Physicians  of  the  Hospital  Owe  to  Humanity  and  to  Society  to  discharge  them  at 
the  present  time  and  for  the  following  Reasons. 

Isaac  Davis  and  William  Barker  are  afflicted  with  a  firiilcnl  Disease  of  s\sch  a 
Grade  as  to  render  both  of  them  loathsome  Objects  of  Compassion  and  wholly 
unfit  to  maintain  themselves  by  any  kind  of  labor  or  to  be  admitted  into  any 
House  but  a  Hospital. 

William  Johnson  is  afflicted  with  lamiiuss  and  Epilepsy  the  latter  of  which 
has  reduced  him  to  a  state  of  fatuity  so  complete  as  to  place  him  more  upon  the 
level  of  a  brute  than  a  Man. 

John  Moore,  Thomas  Churchill  S:  John  Tree  are  all  insane  and  unable  not 
only  to  support  themselves  by  any  kind  of  labour  but  if  enlarged  from  their 
present  place  of  Confinement  may  possibly  injure  themselves  or  others.  Thomas 
Churchill  is  lame  as  well  as  deranged. 

John  Roberts  is  afflicted  with  a  sore  Fool  attended  -with  a  Caries  0/ one  of  its 
bones  :  he  is  unable  to  walk  or  work,  time  and  the  Medical  Aids  of  the  Hospital 
may  Cure  Him.  (Signed)  Benjamin  Rish. 

The  preceding  Minutes  and  Letters  were  delivered  to  the 
Collector.  It  is  not  known  whether  this  reply  was  satisfactory  to  the 
Collector  or  not,  but  it  appears  to  have  terminated  the  correspondence. 


231 


Sailor 
Patients 


A  letter  dated  May  28,  1S21,  from  John  Steele,  Collector  of  the 
Board  of  Port,  Stating  "  that  he  is  authorized  by  the  Secy,  of  the  Treastiry  to 
Ascertain  the  lowest  terms  Per  day  at  which  the  Hoard  will  furnish 
Marint  Patienls  with  the  necessary  Medical  &  Surgical  aid  lodging  «.V 
nursing  for  their  Comfortable  Accommodation,"  was  read  and  referred 
to  a  Committee  which  made  the  following  report : 

The  Comniittti"  to  whom  was  referred  the  letter  from  John  Steele  Collector, 
respeitin;;  Board  of  Custom  House  Patients,  Report  that  in  their  opinion  Patients 
may  l)e  admitted  at  forty  cents  per  day  including  necessary  Medical  and  Surjjical 
Aid,  LodniuK,  washiu);,  and  nursing  for  their  Comfortable  Accommodation.  The 
rei>ort  w.is  .igreeil  to  and  a  copy  signed  by  the  President  &  certified  by  the  Secre- 
tary directed  to  be  lurnished  the  Collector. 

On  October  31,  1825,  the  Managers  concluded  to  increase  the 
rate  of  the  sailors'  board  : 

The  Present  price  40  cents  per  day  or  S2.8o-i(X)  per  week  lor  the  stamen  sinl 
by  the  Colleclor  of  the  I'orl  beinn  unequal  to  remunerate  the  Hospital  for  the 
actual  expenses,  Matthew  I,.  Bevan  is  .ippoinled  to  Conmuinicate  to  John  Steele 
that  45  cents  per  day  or  $3.  i5-lo(jper  week  is  believed  to  be  a  re.isonable  compen- 
s.ation  for  the  United  States  Seamen  hereafter  to  be  admitted  to  the  benefits  of  the 
Institution  and  requesting  him  to  address  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  this 
Subject. 

May  lo,  1830,  the  Collector  made  an  attempt  to   have  the  rate 

reduced  again  : 

A  Letter  from  James  N.  Barker  Collector  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia  was  read 
requestinji  a  reduction  of  the  Weekly  rate  to  support  of  sick  and  disabled  Seamen 
of  the  Merchant  Service,  upon  deliberation  it  is  agreed  to  fi.\  the  pay  at  three 
dollars  |)er  week  this  beinj;  the  lowest  sum  received  for  the  supjwrt  of  Patic  nts  in 
this  Institution.  If  this  arrangement  should  be  approved  by  the  Collector  it  is  to 
take  etVect  from  and  after  the  close  of  the  present  quarter.  The  Secretary  is 
requested  to  actpiaint  James  N.  Barker  of  this  determination  of  the  Managers. 

Thisarranj^cmcnt  was  continued  with  the  Marine  Hosjjital  Service, 
until  it  was  found  inexpedient  to  continue  the  yearly  contract,  which 
was  annulled  finally,  May  31,  1880,  by  the  Managers  declining  to  bid 
for  their  support.  Seamen,  however,  are  not  excluded  by  this 
action.  American  sailors  appear  among  the  recent  accidents  and 
also  among  the  sick,  as  free  patients,  whenever  deemed  suitable  for 
admission.  English  sailors  are  admitted  by  order  of  the  British 
Consul,  and  seamen  of  other  nationalities  are  likewise  received  on 
Consul's  order,  or  as  free  patients. 

-]-l,g  At  the  time  that  the    Pennsylvania   Hospital    was  organized,  in 

Maternity    1 75 1,  midwifery  was  in  disrepute  among  physicians,  partly  because  it 

Ward,   ^vas  usually  practiced  by  ignorant  old  nurses,  but  principally  because 

obstetrics  as  a  science  had  not  yet  been  born.     In  fact,  it   was  gener- 

232 


ally  considered  improper  even  indelicate  for  a  woman  in  labor  to  have 
a  male  attendant.  A  healthier  state  of  public  feeling  was  soon  to  be  Neglect  of 
created  upon  the  subject.  Dr.  Wm.  Shippen,  Jr.,  with  all  the  M'^wifery. 
enthusiasm  of  youth  and  fresh  from  his  studies  in  the  European 
Hospitals,  determined  to  remedy  this  deplorable  state  of  affairs  by 
delivering  public  lectures  upon  Midwifery  ;  he  accordingly  began  his 
first  course  to  men  and  women  in  1765,  and  opened  a  private  lying-in 
institution  in  Philadelphia,  the  same  year. 

In  the  "  Pennsylvania  Gazette"  of  January  i,  1765,  appeared 
the  following  moving  appeal : 

Dr.  Shippen,  Jr.,  having  been  lately  called  to  the  assistance  of  a  number  of 
women  in  the  country,  in  difficult  labors,  most  of  which  was  made  so  by  the 
unskillful  old  women'about  them,  the  poor  women  having  suffered  e.xtremely,  and 
their  innocent  little  ones  being  entirely  destroyed,  whose  lives  might  have  been 
easily  saved  by  proper  management,  and  being  informed  of  several  desperate 
cases  in  the  different  neighborhoods  which  had  proved  fatal  to  the  mothers  as  to 
their  infants,  and  were  attended  with  the  most  painful  circumstances  too  dismal 
to  be  related,  he  thought  it  his  duty  immediately  to  begin  his  intended  courses  in 
Midwifery,  and  has  prepared  a  proper  apparatus  for  that  purpose,  in  order  to 
instruct  those  women  who  have  virtue  enough  to  own  their  ignorance  and  apply 
for  instructions,  as  well  as  those  young  gentlemen  now  engaged  in  the  study  of 
that  useful  and  necessary  branch  of  surgery,  who  are  taking  pains  to  qualify 
themselves  to  practice  in  different  parts  of  the  country  with  safety  and  advantage 
to  their  fellow  citizens. 

The  Legislature,  in  1793,  proposed  to  extend  the  usefulness  of 
the  Hospital  by  authorizing  the  Managers  to  establish  a  Lying-in  and 
Foundling  Hospital  whenever  moneys  should  be  placed  in  their  hands 
to  do  so.     The  following  is  an  extract  from  an  Act  of  .^jjril  11,  1793  : 


An  Act  for  Extending  the  Benefits  Experienced  from  the  Institution 
OF  the  Pennsvlvani.a  Hospital. 

WHEREAS  the  extending  of  the  usefulness  of  the  institution  to  the  further 
purposes  of  a  Lying-in  and  Foundling  Hospital  is  deemed  to  be  an  object 
deserving  of  public  encouragement : 

THEREFORE,  BE  IT  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  that 
as  the  relief  of  the  unfortunate  women  labouring  in  childbirth,  and  not 
able  to  provide  for  the  expenses  necessarily  incident  thereto,  and  also  the 
misfortunes  of  suffering  and  forsaken  infancy,  are  objects  very  deserving  of  some 
humane  provision,  it  shall  and  may  be  law'ful  for  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital  to  provide  commodious  apartments,  for  the  purpose  of  answering 
the  ends  intended  by  a  Lying-in  and  Foundling  Hospital,  w-henever  monies  shall 
be  placed  in  their  hands  for  such  a  purpose,  and  that  they  are  hereby  authorized 
to  call  for  any  such  sums  as  may  now  be  destined  for  such  an  use,  whenever 
they  shall  be  in  such  a  situation  to  carry  the  benevolent  design,  for  which  such 
monies  were  granted,  into  full  effect,  anything  in  the  Constitution  or 
Charter  of  the  said  Hospital  to  the  contrary  thereof  notwith- 
standing. 

Approved  .A])ril  the  nth,  1793. 

Thomas  Mifflin, 
troz'ernor  of  the  Covitfio/i:cfa///i  of  Pennsyh'ania. 


.\ct  .Author- 
izing the 
Establishing 
of  a  Lying-in 
and 

Foundling 
Department 
in  the 
Hospital. 


2.33 


Lying-in 

Department 

in  the 

Almshouse, 


First  birth  at 
the  Hospital. 


It  is  of  historical  interest  that  a  lying-in  ward  was  established  in 
t8o2,  at  the  Almshouse,  by  Dr.  T.  Chalkely  James,  assisted  by 
Dr.  Church.  Subse(|uently,  after  Church's  early  death  from  Yellow 
Fever,  the  work  was  continued  by  Dr.  James  in  conjimction  with 
Dr.  Nathaniel  Chapman.  Dr.  James  gave  his  annual  course  of 
lectures  at  the  city  Almshouse,  in  connection  with  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment at  the  College.  On  the  death  of  Dr.  Shippen,  in  1808, 
obstetrics  was  separated  from  anatomy  in  the  college  curriculum,  at  the 
instance  of  Dr.  Cas])ar  Wistar,  who  had  been  raised  to  the  chair  just 
vacated,  and  the  new  chair  of  Midwifery  was  given  to  Dr.  James, 
with  Dr.  Nathaniel  Chapman  as  adjunct.  This  arrangement  con- 
tinued until  1813,  when  Dr.  Chapman  was  elected  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica,  and  midwifery  devolved  solely  on  Professor  James.  It  was 
not,  however,  until  1843  ^^^^  ''^"^  Trustees  of  the  University  fully 
recognized  the  standing  of  this  department  of  teaching  by  making 
attendance  upon  the  lectures  on  midwifery  obligatory  upon  tlie 
students,  wlio  expected  to  obtain  the  medical  degree. 

The  necessity,  in  the  very  early  period  of  the  Hospital  history, 
of  a  Lying-in  department  was  not  recognized  by  the  medical  pro- 
fession and  the  Managers  were  averse  to  it,  because  they  did  not  wish 
to  appear  to  encourage  immorality.  They  were,  moreover,  opposed  to 
establishing  a  foundling  asylum,  which  was  thought  to  be  a  necessary 
adjunct,  but  which  did  not  come  within  the  scope  of  the  Hospital 
plan. 

There  was  no  reason  why  obstetrical  cases  should  not  occasionally 
have  been  received,  yet  no  mention  seems  to  be  made  of  any  of  this 
class  until  thirteen  years  after  the  institution  had  been  in  active 
o])eration.  The  birth  of  a  child  first  occurred  within  the  walls  of  the 
Hospital  July  17,  1765.  It  is  recorded  under  this  date:  "Born  a 
female  child  of  Martha  Robinson  a  poor  patient." 

The  advantage  of  having  accommodations  for  these  cases  was 
not  realized  until  some  thirty-seven  years  after  the  first  birth  had 
occurred,  and  some  fifty  years  from  the  beginning  of  the  Hospital's 
active  operation.  On  December  27,  1802,  Samuel  Coates  "proposed 
the  opening  of  a  Lying-in  Department;"  but  the  subject  being 
"considered  of  too  much  importance  to  decide  on  without  a  full 
Board  it  is  agreed  to  refer  it  to  be  reconsidered  at  the  next  Meeting, 
at  which  the  Physicians  are  all  requested  to  Attend  and  James 
Hutchinson  is  to  notice  them  accordingly."  It  will  be  observed 
with  what  extreme  caution  this  new  departure  was  received  and  acted 
on.  The  next  mention  made  of  the  matter  was  on  January  3,  1803, 
when:   "The  Proposal  to  admit  Lying-in  Patients  came  under  con- 


234 


sideration,  after  which  the  Physicians  withdrew  to  confer  with  each 
other,  and  when  they  returned  they  informed  the  Board  they  all 
agreed  as  to  the  propriety  of  opening  the  Lying-in  Department, 
and  if  the  measure  was  adopted  they  would  undertake  the  care  of 
such  pregnant  women  as  might  be  admitted  and  to  attend  to  their 
calls  in  every  case  of  emergency  as  they  usually  do  to  other  patients." 
It  is  evident  that  the  physicians  had  become  by  this  time  fully 
impressed  with  the  necessity  of  just  such  a  provision. 

It  was,  therefore,  not  until  nearly  ten  years  had  passed,  that  the 
Contributors  accepted  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  April  ii,  1793, 
establishing  the  department,  and  agreed  to  receive  pregnant  women 
on  the  same  terms  as  other  patients. 

The  following  announcement  appeared  in  the  "American  Daily 
Advertiser"  for  February  22,  1803: 

"It  is  with  great  pleasure  we  inform  tlie  public,  that  the  Managers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  pursuant  to  the  powers  granted  to  them  by  the  State 
Legislature,  have  agreed  to  open  in  the  house  of  a  lying-in  department  and  that 
the  first  patient  has  very  lately  been  admitted  therein. 

"The  terms  of  admission  are  to  be  the  same  as  in  other  cases;  that  is,  a 
woman  may  be  admitted  as  a  pauper,  when  the  number  does  not  e.xceed,  what 
the  income  of  the  capital  stock,  and  the  profits  arising  from  pay  patients  which  is 
e-xpended  on  the  poor,  will  maintain ;  the  number  at  the  present  time  are 
forty  persons. 

"  When  the  poor  list  is  full,  those  who  send  a  patient,  will  have  to  pay  from 
three  to  si.\  dollars  a  week.  Overseers  of  the  poor,  of  Pennsylvania,  are  always 
to  be  charged  at  the  lowest  rates,  but  paupers  sent  from  another  State,  will  be 
charged  four  dollars  a  week. 

"  Good  security  must  be  given  in  every  case  to  remove  the  woman  and  child, 
when  required. 

"  The  usefulness  of  this  branch  of  the  institution,  will  be  evident  to  every 
person  who  feels  the  importance  of  providing  a  comfortable  asylum  for  poor 
lying-in  women,  and  of  rearing  |)roper  Nurses  and  Midwives,  under  the  care  of 
able  Physicians,  whereby  the  lives  of  many  may  be  saved,  that  would  be  sacrificed 
in  the  hands  of  ignorant  or  unskillful  practitioners. 

"  As  the  enlargement  of  the  plan  of  the  Hospital  and  the  e.xtension  of  its  care, 
to  the  female  part  of  the  family  in  particular,  will  involve  the  contributors  in 
further  e.xpenses,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  donations  and  legacies  will  be  given, 
commensurate  with  the  great  design  which  is  herein  contemplated. 

"  To  express  the  nature  and  uses  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  a  few  words, 
it  is  an  institution,  not  founded  on  taxation,  but  on  voluntary  contributions  for 
the  benevolent  design  of  curing  or  alleviating  the  miseries  of  the  lunatics  and 
sick  poor  of  Pennsylvania  and  for  the  care  of  lying-in  women. 

"  Can  any  objects  be  more  proper  to  engage  the  attention  and  command  the 
resources  of  every  class  of  our  wealthy  and  charitably  disposed  citizens,  through 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania? 

"  For  the  information  of  those,  who  feel  an  impression  of  duty  to  assist  the 
classes  of  poor  above  mentioned,  it  may  be  right  to  observe  the  usual  way  of 
doing  it,  is 

"  First :  By  calling  on  Joseph  S.  Lewis,  Treasurer,  who  is  always  prepared  to 
receive  contributions,  and 

"  Second:  By  legacies  to  the  contributors  in  their  corporate  name,  as  follows, 
viz  :  I  give  ten,  twenty,  one  hundred,  or  one  thousand,  pounds,  &c.,  to  the  con- 
tributors to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  for  the  use  of  that  institution." 

The  Lying-in  ward  was  opened  May  to,  1803  ;  the  first  admission 

being  on  the  30th  of  March,  and  the   first  birth  was  that  of  a  female 

child,  on  the  27th  of  April  of  that  year. 


Physicians 
in  favor  of 
Establish- 
ment of 
Lying-in 
Department. 


Managers 
announce 
opening  of 
the  new 
Department. 


'J3 


The  following  i)artial   list  of  Subscribers  to  the  Lying-in  Depart- 
Special   nient  was  reported  : 

Subscriptions 

to  I  viiiir-in  ''"'^'^  ManaKt-rs  liaviiiK  optiii-d  tlii-  I,yinx-  in  Dipartnunt  in  the  house,  we  tlic 

D  ■D-irtni  -nt     subscribers,  approving  of  their  proccecliuK  therein,  tlo  a^ree  to  subscribe  towards 
the  Institution  as  contributors  the  several  sums  to  our  names  hereafter  aflfixed. 

Stephen  Girard S.^oo  oo  Levi  Hollingsworth     ....  S202  84 

Samuel  Rhoads 30  00        James  Smith 5°  0° 

James  Wood 30  00         Huk'i  Ely 30  00 

Zaccheus  Collins 100  00        Reeve  Lewis      50  00 

William  Vicary      30  00        Wm.  W.  Smith      30  00 

Philip  Smyth 30  co        Ant.  M.   Buckley 35  00 

I.  W.  C 30  00        John  Baun 30  00 

Jeremi.ih  Warder,  Jr.      ...      3000  Thos.  Jones  .t  Stepluii  Smith     ,1600 

Malcom  McDonald  ...  .1o  00  

Total $1,073  84 

A  very  interesting,  historical  fact,  in  connection  with  this  de])art- 

ment,  now  to  be  related,  will  illustrate  the   high   estimation  in  which 

the  Hosi)ital  was  held  as  a  well  administered  charity. 

First  City  I"  1S07,  an  offer  was  made  by  the  First  City  Troop  of  Cavalry  to 

Troop  of  contribute    certain    securities,  which  they   held   as   investments   and 

Philadelphia  which  represented  the  amount  received  by  the  officers  and  privates  of 

er  a   1  )era    ^j^^  ^j      'Proop  for  Services  during  the  Revolutionary  War.     The  con- 

Donation.  ■'  '  ° 

ditions  and  jiurpose  of  the  donation   are  e.xpressed  in  the  following 
agreement : 

On  the  6th  of  April  1807,  Messrs.  Sam'l.  Morris,  John  Dunlap  and  John 
Donaldson  for  an<l  in  behalfof  those  persons  who  were  members  of  the  first  Troop 
of  Philadelphia  Cavalry  from  the  year  One  thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy- 
si.N  to  the  year  One  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-three,  conveyed  to  the 
contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  si.\teen  shares  of  Stock  of  the  Bank  of 
Pennsylvania  on  the  condition  that  the  said  Contributors  or  their  successors  should 
api)ly  the  same  to  the  purp<ise  of  a  LyinK-in  and  Fmnulling  Hosjjital  in  such 
manner  and  proportions  as  the  Managers  should  think  i)roper. 

On  their  part  the  Contributors  covenanted  and  agreed  with  the  said  Samuel 
Morris,  John  Dunlap  and  John  Donaldson,  their  Executors  and  .administrators 
that  they  will  well  and  truly  apply  the  proceeds  of  the  said  sixteen  shares  of 
Stock  to  and  for  the  uses  and  purposes  aforesaid. 

The  Deed  states  that  the  above  sixteen  shares  of  Bank  Stock 
represented  the  amount  awarded  1)\-  the  United  States  Government  to 
the  Troop,  which  had  been  allowed  to  accimiulate  since  the  Revolu- 
tionary War. 

Ata  meeting,  on  April  27,  1807,  the  Treasurer  rejjorted  having 
received  a  transfer  of  sixteen  shares  in  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania. 
These  were  credited  at  par  and  the  anioimt  accepted  as  a  special  contri- 
bution to  the  Lying-in  and  Foundling  Hospital.  These  shares  of  bank 
stock  represented  a  capital  of  $6,400,  and  yielded  an  average  annual 

236 


income  of  $456-5o-     The  funds  of  the  Hospital  being  considerably 
increased   by  those  shares,   "the  board  agreed  that  forty-five   poor   The  Cavalry 
patients  (in  all)  may  be  admitted  at  one  time  of  whom  not  more  than    f""*^  I"" 
eighteen  shall  be  Maniacs."     Among  the  rules  subsequently  adopted   Department. 
(February  lo,  i8io)  was  the  following  :   "  Pregnant  Women  of  our  own 
State  who   are  poor  and    proper  objects    may   be   received,    without 
security  except    for   the    removal  of  themselves  and  children    when 
discharged.       The    Maintenance  of  the    Mothers  and    their   infants 
including  Clothing  when  necessary  to  be  charged  to  the  income  of  the 
Cavalry  fund  and  in  case  that  proves  insufficient,  to  the  general  funds 
of  the  House."     On  September  29,  1S45,  ^^^  """'^s  °"  admission  and 
discharge  of  patients,    were  altered    to  read:   "No  woman  shall    be 
admitted  to  the  lying-in  ward  without  producing  satisfactory  evidence 
that  she  is  a  res])ectable  married  woman." 

A  communication  was  received,  April  30,  1838,  from  John 
Sargeant,  President  of  the  Preston  Retreat  of  Philadelphia,  enclosing 
a  request  from  the  Board  of  Managers  of  that  Institution,  that  the 
Lying-in  Fund  given  in  trust  by  the  First  City  Troop  should  be 
turned  over  to  the  Preston  Retreat.  To  this  the  Managers  replied. 
May  28,  1838,  as  follows  : 

On  an  investigation  into  the  State  of  the  Lying-in  fund  given  by  the  First 
City  Troop  of  Cavalry  to  this  Institution,  it  appears  that  the  said  fund  both 
principal  and  interest,  was  e.\pended  previously  to  the  year  1831,  and  §1,656.29 
besides. 

This  is  the  last  note  with  regard  to  the  Cavalry  Fund,  and  it  is  a 
satisfaction  to  know  that  it  was  fully  expended  for  the  relief  of  suffer- 
ing women,  even  if  the  foundlings  had  to  be  provided  for  elsewhere. 

As    previously    mentioned,   the    Managers    elected    Dr.   Thomas   Physicians  to 

Chalkley    Tames,   the  first    physician  to    the    Lying-in    Department,    ''"^  Lymg-i" 
■^     ■>  '  '     ■'  '      '^  Department. 

in  1810. 

Dr.  James  served  until  November  26,  1832,  when  he  resigned 
after  twenty-two  years  of  most  acceptable  service.  Dr  Hugh  L. 
Hodge  was  his  successor,  and  served  until  the  department  was  closed 
in  185 1.  At  the  request  of  Dr.  James,  an  associate  physician  was 
appointed  in  1820  ;  Dr.  John  W.  Moore  being  the  incumbent,  who  was 
succeeded  in  1829  by  Dr.  Charles  Lukens,  who  resigned  in  1839,  when 
Dr.  Charles  D.  Meigs  was  elected,  who  in  turn  resigned  in  1840,  and 
Dr.  Joseph  Carson  succeeded  him. 

On  March  27,  1815,  it  was  agreed  "  no  resident  physician  or 
pupil  shall  at  any  time  undertake  to  deliver  a  pregnant  woman  in  the 
house  without  sending  for  the  principal  physician  of  the  Lying-in 
Department." 

237 


In  a  report  June  2S,  1S41,  on  the  finances  of  the  Hos|)ital,  it  was 

Closiiis  of  stated  : 
the  Lving-in 

Ward  ''"'"'  ^■''P'^"''''*"''^  "f  '''^"  f"'"'  appropriatf<l  for  tlu-  I,yiiii;in  Ward  and  the  few 

et  d  applications  for  admission  into  tht-  same,  and  the  Preston  Retreat  bein>;  now  open 
for  that  <lescription  of  patients,  it  may  be  a  question  whetlier  it  wonld  be  expe- 
dient longer  to  continue  tliat  department  under  present  circumstances. 

The  Lying-in  Department  was  opened,  in  1803,  on  the  second 
floor  of  the  East  Wing.  January  27,  181 7,  the  Managers  directed 
that  the  Contributors'  Room  should  be  fitted  up  for  the  jnirpose, 
which  was  thus  occupied  until  February  23,  1824,  when  the  book- 
cases were  directed  to  be  removed  from  the  second  story  of  the 
centre  building,  so  as  to  appropriate  this  chamber  for  the  use  of  the 
Lying-in  Department. 


Room  used  for  l^yiiiK-in  Department  from  1S24  to  1835.    Since  occupied  by  the  Library. 


Puerperal  Towards  the  latter  part  of  1830,  the  physicians  called  attention 

Fever  among  to  the  frequency  of  puerperal  fever.  On  December  27th,  the  Lying- 
Patients.  j^j  Dejjartment  was  ordered  closed  until  otherwise  directed.  The 
next  fall  it  was  decided  that  the  wards  could  be  safely  re-opened  as 
they  had  been  thoroughly  cleaned.  On  October  26,  1835,  it  is 
agreed  to  ojien  the  new  Lying-in  ward  in  the  Picture  House,  and 
the  department  continued  its  work  in  the  same  place  until  1851  when 
the  physicians  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  poison  of  puerperal 
fever  had  become  endemic,  and  they,  in  wise  use  of  their  discretion, 

238 


closed  the  wards,  and  the  department  was  finally  abandoned,  May  2, 
1854.  It  had  cost  nearly  $20,000  in  excess  of  the  whole  fund,  prin- 
cipal and  interest,  received  from  the  City  Troop. 

During  the  period  it  continued  in  constant  operation  (with  the 
exception  of  parts  of  the  year  1830  and  1835)  for  forty-eight  years 
until  1851,  there  were  1330  women  safely  delivered,  130  removed  by 
friends  before  delivery,  67  died;  total  number  confined,  1397,  the 
rate  of  mortality  4. 79  per  cent.  The  date  of  the  admission  of  the  last 
patient  was  February  15  1851,  and  the  last  birth  occurred  on  March 
4th  of  the  same  year. 


239 


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243 


RECAPITULATION, 


1)1  rAKTMKNT  FOR  THE  SuK  ANIJ  InJURKU. 


Whole  Number  of  Pay  P«lients  admittect 
into  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  trorn 
its  opening,  February  ii,  1752  to  April 
28,  1894 


36.9:4 


Whole  number  of  Poor  Patients  admitted 
during  the  same  period 


132.084 


Cured     

Relieved 

liicinabte 

Removed  by  friends  or  at  own  request    .   . 

Removed  to  House  of  Employment  .   .   .   . 

Removed  to  City  Hospital 

Kloped 

For  misconduct 

Pregnant  women  safely  delivered 

hilants  horn  and  discharged  in  health     .   . 

For  irregularity 

By  writ  of  Habeas  Corpus 

Died— Medical  and  Surgical  Cases      12,393 

Pregnant  women 46 

Infants  ...  .    .  39 

Still  born  .   .  33 


Whole  number  discharged 

Remaining  in  Hospital,  April  28,  1894 


«5.798 

19.519 

405 

8.538 

24 

3 

1.795 

728 

1.366 

".275 


131,900 
184 

132.98* 


Dkpartment  for  the  Insane. 


Whole   number  of  Pay  Patients  admitted 
fium  January  i,  1841  to  April  28,  1894  . 


Whole  number  of  Poor  Patients  admitted 
during  same  period     


8,501 


2,137 
10.638 


Restored 4.422 

Much  improved 870 

Improved      '."83 

Stationary *.492 

Died 1.509 

Alcohol  and  Opium  Habit 125 

Whole  number  discharged 10,201 

Remaining  in  I4ospital,  April  28,  1S94    .   .  437 

10,638 


244 


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245 


OUT-PATIENT  DEPARTMENT. 

This  I>i.'|)artnK'!U  was  reorganized  September  30,  1872,  and  on  the  2Stli  of  the 
following  month,  tliree  Physicians  and  four  Surgeons  were  elected  to  attend  to 
the  Medical  and  Surgical  Cases;  an  additional  Physician  was  elected  August  30, 
1875,  and  in  1893,  several  more  were  elected  to  lake  charge  of  special  depart- 
ments. The  following  are  the  names  and  period  of  service  of  the  medical 
gentlemen  who  have  officiated  : 


Physicians. 


NIorris  Lonjp^treth*  . 
lostph  G.  Richardson 
Joseph  J.  Kirkbride 
James  (J.  Wilson  .  . 
John  B.  Roberts  .  .  . 
.\Tthur  \'.  Meigs  .  . 
Morris  J.  Lewis  .  . 
Robert  Meade  Smith 
Joseph  S.  XelT  .  .  . 
Frank  C.  Handf  .  . 
Henr>-  M  Fisher  .  . 
John  j.  t)wcM  .... 
Caspar  Morris  .  .  . 
Thomas  S.  K.  Morton 
Sam'l  B.  Shoemaker 
Frcd'k  A.  I'ackard  . 
Joseph  I.eitly  .... 
J.  Allison  Scott    .    .    . 


When  Elected. 


October  28. 1872    .    . 
October  28,  1872    .    . 
October  28,  1S72    .    . 
August  30,  1S75     .    . 
July  30,  1S77   .    .    .    . 
February  25,  187S 
December  29,  1879    , 
January  26.  1880    .    , 
March  29.  iSSo  .   .    . 
June  27.  1881    ... 
November  28,  1S81 
March  27.  18S2  .    . 
January 31,  1887    .   , 
October  31,  1887    . 
October  27,  1890    . 
July  25,  1892  ... 
July  2S,  1892   ... 
July  31,  189,^   .    .    . 


Resigned. 


December  29. 1879  . 

Januar>"  26.  1880    .  . 

October  31,  1887    .  . 

Julvjo,  1S77    .   .    .  . 
I'"cbruary  25,  187S 
March  27,  1S82  .  . 

June  27.  1S81  .   .   .  , 
March  29.  iSSo  .    . 

January  31,  1S87    -  . 

I  November  28  i83i  , 


I  July  25,  1S92   .    .    .   . 

July  25.  1892   .    .    .    . 
■  September  29, 1890  . 

April  2,  1893   .    .    .    . 


Surgeons. 


Charles  T.  Huntert .  .  .  . 
Thomas  H.  Andrews.  .  . 
Elliott  Ricliardson  .  .  .  . 
H.  Earnest  Goodman  .  . 
William  Aslibridge   .    .    .    , 

William  C.  Cox 

G'jorge  C    Harlan      .   .    .    , 
Wm.  Barton  Honkins      .   . 
T.  Hewson  Bradford    .    . 
Richard  H.  Harte^    .   .    . 
John  B.  Roberts     .... 

Joseph  M.  i-'ox 

Charles  B.  Penrose  .  .  . 
Walter  D.  Green  .... 
1  hos.  S.  K.  Morton  .  .  . 
Robert  G.  I-cConte  .  .  . 
Peter  N.  K.  Schwenk  ia) 
Alexander  W.  MacCoy  (d) 
John  Montgomery  Baldy(< 


When  Elected. 


Resigned. 


April  27»  1884  .  . 
October  27,  1877  . 
November  28,  iSsi 
July  28,  1873  ■  ■ 
April  38, 1SS4  ■  ■  . 
October  29,  1883    . 


October  28.  1872  . 
October  28,  1S72  . 
October  28,  1872  . 
October  28.  1872  . 
July  28,  1S73  .  . 
October  27.  1877    . 

October  27,  1879    .    .   .  ■ 

November  28.  18S1  . 

November  28.  1S81  .   .  j 

October  29,  1883    .  .   .1  November  27, 

May  4,  1885 I  July  25.  1887 

May  4.  1885 !  September  aS, 

July25.  1S87 I  June  26,  1893  , 

September  28,  1891  .   .  | 

November  27,  1893  . 

June  26.  1893 

July  31,  1S93 

JuIy3i.iS93 

October  30,  1893    ...  1 


1893   ■ 

1891 : 


Termof  Ser\'icc. 


Years.       Months. 


Terra  of  Service, 


Years. 


Months. 


*  Elected  to  Hospital  Staff,  November  24,  1879,  in  place  of  Dr.  J.  Aitken  Meigs,  deceased. 
t  Died. 

g  Elected  to  Hospital  Staff.  November  27.  1893. 
{a)  Surgeon  to  the  Eve  and  Ear  Department. 
(6)  Surxeon  to  the  Throat  and  Nose  Department. 
Ic)  Surgeon  to  the  Gynxcological  Department. 

Note.— The  Oul-Patient  Department  for  Mental  Disease,  instituted  November,  1885,  is  under 
the  charge  ol  the  Assistant  Physicians  of  the  Department  for  the  Insane,  who  attend  in  rotation. 


246 


FINANCIAL  AFFAIRS  AND  ADMINISTRATION. 

The  income  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  its  early  days,  was 
principally  derived  from  appropriations  by  the  Provincial  Assembly  Early 
and  from  the  contributions  of  charitable  citizens.  Later,  the  State  Resources  of 
Legislature  voted  to  the  Hospital  unclaimed  shares  of  prize  money, 
also  certain  arrears  due  the  Commonwealth,  under  the  Loan  Office  Act 
of  February  26,  1776,  and  unclaimed  dividends  of  bankrupts'  estates. 
In  addition  to  gifts  of  land,  there  were  special  donations  of  money 
from  the  Penn  Family.  Among  the  occasional  additions  to  the  income 
are  enumerated  the  proceeds  from  the  exhibition  of  West's  picture  of 
"Christ  Healing  the  Sick,"  also  from  a  Stage  Play,  from  a  Charity 
Sermon  by  Rev.  George  Whitfield,  from  Webster's  Lectures  on  the 
English  Language,  from  a  Sacred  Concert,  from  "  Charity  Boxes,"  and 
from  fees  of  Signers  of  Bills  of  Credit.  Money  was  also  received 
from  legacies,  donations  from  private  individuals.  Associations,  Rail- 
roads and  various  other  corporations,  and  the  interest  from  invested 


247 


funds,  and  other  sources.     Quite  a  large  amount  was  obtained  from 
the  assets  of  the  Pennsylvania  Land  Company,   London,  which  will 
be  especially  referred  to  on  a  succeeding  page. 
Act  of  Incor-  The  act  of  the  Provincial  Assembly,  May  1 1 ,  i  75 1 ,  in  establishing 

poration.  ,j,g  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  made  the  Contributors  a  corimration  and 
provided:  ist.  Authority  to  receive  and  take  lands,  tenements  or 
hereditaments,  not  exceeding  the  yearly  value  of  one  thousand 
pounds,!  of  the  gift,  alienation,  beijuest  or  devise  of  any  ]>erson  or 
persons  ;  2d.  Money,  or  other  estate,  expressly  given  or  added  to  the 
capital  stock  of  the  Hospital,  shall  not  be  expended  in  any  other  way 
than  by  applying  its  annual  interest  or  rent  towards  the  entertainment 
and  care  of  the  sick  and  distempered  poor,  that  shall  be,  from  time  to 
time,  brought  and  placed  therein  for  the  cure  of  their  diseases,  from 
any  part  of  the  Province  without  partiality  or  preference  ;  3d.  If  at 
any  time,  hereafter,  there  should  not  be  a  constant  succession  of 
Contributors  to  meet  yearly,  and  choose  Managers  as  specified,  then 
the  said  Hospital,  and  the  estate  and  affairs  thereof,  shall  be  in  the 
management  and  under  the  direction  of  such  persons  as  shall  be 
from  time  to  time  appointed  by  act  of  General  Assembly  of  this 
Province  for  that  purpose. 
Provincial  The  same  Act  of  Assembly  appropriated  two  thousand  pounds. 

Assembly   currency,   to  the  Capital  Stock,  towards  the  furnishing  and  sujiport 
■   of    the    Hospital,    provided    an    equal    amount    were   subscribed    by 
individuals  towards  a  permanent  fund. 
Occasional  On  A])ril  21,  1 759,  was  pa.ssed  "  An  Act  to  prevent  the  e.\i>orta- 

sourcL-sof  tJQn  of  bad,  or  unmerchantable,  staves,  heading,  boards  and  timber." 
One-half  the  penalties  prescribed  by  this  Act  was  made  payable  to  the 
"  Contributors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  use  of  that  insti- 
tution, the  other  half  to  the  inspector  of  lumber,  or  to  him  or  them 
who  shall  sue  for  the  same."  The  Hospital's  share  under  this  .Xct 
aggregated  <;2i4.53. 

The  Assembly  also  granted  to  the  Hospital  three-fourths  of  the 
fines  or  penalties  levied  by  the  Inspector  of  Flour  on  those  who  mixed 
corn-meal  with  middlings.  'I  he  share  of  the  Hosjiital  under  this  Act 
aggregated  S63 1. 90. 

In  1762,  in  response  to  the  Managers'  a|>i)cal  to  help  the  Funds 
of  the  Hospital,  the  Provincial  Assembly  made  a  further  grant  of 
three  thousand  pounds,  to  replace  the  amount  taken  from  ca])ital  for 
maintenance  of  Hosjjital. 

.Among  the  miscellaneous  sources  of  revenue  it  is  noted  that,  in 
1763,  the  Provincial  Assembly  Commissioners  appointed  to  pave  the 


'  By  Act  March  2i,  1851,  the  limitation  of  the  Estate  was  extended  to  150,000  per  annum. 

248 


streets  of  Philadelphia,  having  no  immediate  use  for  the  funds, 
loaned  to  the  Managers,  on  their  individual  security,  four  thousand 
pounds,  for  one  year  without  interest.  The  Hospital  gained  by  this 
loan  ^360  8.f.  bii. 

March  27,  1780,  the  Assembly  granted  an  order  in   favor  of  the   State 
Hospital  for  ten  thousand  pounds,  Continental  money.    This  grant  was   Legislature 
misconstrued  into  a  loan,  but  afterwards  on  appeal  of  the  Managers,        ' 
it  was  corrected  and  again  voted  as  an  appropriation.   So  great  was  the 
depreciation  of  Continental  money  that  the  grant  of  the  Assembly  was 
worth  only    ^163    lis.   Sd.    in    hard    money.     The  correspondence 
regarding  this  has  already  appeared  (see  page  65). 

January  27,  1783,  Francis   Hopkinson,  Judge  of  the  Admiralty, 
paid  to  the  Hospital,   per  Act  of  Assembly,   the  unclaimed  shares  of 
prizes  taken  by  the    Continental    ship  "  Saratoga,"    (amounting  to 
_;^884  13.?.    6^/.);  also,    the  proceeds  of  a   \>nzQ  made  by    the  ship   UnclainK-ci 
"  Daniel  Greene  "  (^348  oj-.  od.),  also  shares  of  prizes  taken  by  the   Prize  Money- 
Brig  "  Neptune  "  (^89  i  is.  ()d.)  ;    also,  an  additional  share  (^37  8s.    Awarded. 
6d.),    and  on  May  11,    1784,  several  unclaimed   shares    of  the    prize 
brig  "  Ajax,"  captured  by  the  brig  "  Friendship"  (^3301)  making 
a  total,  (less  j£$2  is.   yi.,  subsequently  paid),  of  ^4608    12s.   6d., 
received  by  the  institution  in  State  money. 

The  Assembly,  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the  Hospital,   granted    Assembly 
to  it  the  fines  imposed  upon    its    members,   which  had  amounted  in    Members'    , 
1786,  to  ^76  izs.  lod. 

A  number  of  contributions  were  received  from   members  of  the   Contribu- 
Penn  family:  lions  of  the 

On  May  17,  1762,  Ricliard  Hockley  Receiver  General  to  our  I'loprietaries  .  „.|.  , 
Thomas  and  Richard  Penn  Esq'rs.  attending,  acquainted  tlie  Board  that  the 
Proprietaries  from  their  regard  to  this  charitable  Institution  &  a  Desire  to  promote 
the  good  Purposes  thereof  have  by  Letters  lately  received  from  them  given  him 
Directions  to  acquaint  the  Managers  that  they  would  grant  to  the  Contributors  of 
the  said  Hospital  the  Lott  of  Ground  adjoining  the  N'orth  Side  of  the  Lott  on 
which  the  Hospital  stands  e.xtending  the  whole  Length  thereof  from  Eighth  to 
Ninth  Street  along  S])ruce  Street  which  compleats  the  Square.  And  that  they  had 
likewise  given  Orders  to  their  Receivers  General  for  the  time  being  for  Payment 
of  an  Annuity  of  Forty  Pounds  P'ble  on  the  first  day  of  May  yearly  and  that  as  it 
w.is  the  Proprietaries  Inteittion  Payment  of  the  first  Year's  Aniuiity  should  have 
been  made  on  the  first  of  this  Month  which  being  past  before  the  Letter  came  to 
hand  he  now  paid  at  the  Table  the  said  Sum  of  Forty  Pounds  which  the  Clerk  is 
directed  to  deliver  to  the  Treasurer  &  desire  him  to  give  a  proper  Receipt  for  the 
same  which  Donations  being  esteemed  by  the  Board  an  Instance  of  the  Proprie- 
tary's generous  Intention  are  thankfully  received  &  it  is  .agreed  that  John  Reynell, 
Evan  Morgan,  Tliomas  Gordon,  &  Samuel  Rhoads  be  a  Committee  to  prepare  an 
Essay  of  an  Adress  to  the  Proprietaries  to  manifest  our  grateful  acknowledgment 
thereof,  to  be  brought  to  the  ne.xt  Meeting  of  the  Board  for  Consideration  &  the  same 
Committee  are  appointed  to  apply  for  &  receive  the  Patent  granting  the  said  Lott. 

249 


Lands  an<l 
an  Annuity. 


Aiul  llic  saiti  Richari.!  Hockley  expressing  much  satislaclion  in  (leliverinK 
this  Message  from  the  Proprietaries  &  the  regard  he  entertained  for  theCliarity  & 
his  Willingness  to  contribute  to  promote  its  Advancement,  ])resented  the  Sum  oi 
Twenty  Spanish  Pistoles  as  his  Contribution  whicli  the  Clerk  is  a]>pointed  to 
deliver  to  the  Treasurer  Sc  recpiest  him  to  make  out  a  Certificate  under  the  Seal 
of  the  Corporation  as  usual. 

The  annuity  of  forty  pounds  was  continued  from  1762  to  1775, 
and,  in  all,  amounted  to  ;^56o.  The  correspondence  between  the 
Managers  and  the  Penn  family,  with  the  patents  for  the  land,  will  be 
again  referred  to  when  considering  the  subject  of  the  Real  Estate  of 
the  Hospital,  in  the  next  section. 
Pennsylvania  The  Managers  were  informed  by  letter,  dated  June  7,  1760,  from 

Land   Thomas  Hyam,>  that  an  act  of  Parliament,  entitled 

Company 
in  London.  An  Act   for  vesting  certain  estates  in  Pennsylvania.  New  Jersey,  and  Mary- 

land, belonging  to  the  proprietaries  of  a  partnership,  commonly  called,  the 
Pennsylvania  Land  Company,  in  London,  in  trustees  to  the  said  to  be  sold  :  and 
for  other  purposes  therein  mentioned, 

had  lately  passed.     Also,  that  he 

had  been  instrumental  in  proposing  and  having  inserted  in  the  ait  a  clause 
granting  to  this  Hospital  all  the  money  which  might  remain  unclainud  in  the 
hands  of  the  trustees  on  June  24,  1770. 

Dr.  John  Fothergill  -  and  Mr.  David  Barclay  acted  in  con- 
junction with  Dr.  I'Vanklin,  as  Attorneys  of  the  Hospital  in 
England. 

At  the  meeting  of  May  26,  1766,  an  important  decision  of  the 
Lord  Chancellor  of  England  in  favor  of  the  Hosjjital  is  recorded. 


'  •  •  •  "  AmoiiK  the  important  results  of  the  interest  [in  the  Hospital]  fell  in  England, 
was  the  receipt  of  ;i  larRi-  sum  of  money,  conSL-iincnt  upon  the  settlement  o(  the  concerns  o(  a 
ioint-stock  partnership,  denominated  the  "  Pennsylvania  Land  Comp.iny  in  London."  In  the 
>  ear  1760  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed,  vesting  in  trustees  the  estates  of  that  company  in 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  MarjMand,  in  order  that  they  might  he  sold,  and  the  proceeds 
distributed.  But  as  it  appeared  probable,  that  for  a  considerable  portion  of  these  proceeds,  no 
just  claimant  would  be  found,  the  insertion  of  a  clause  in  the  Act  was  procured  by  the  friends 
of  the  Hospital,  granting  to  that  institution  all  the  money  which  might  remain  unclaimed  in 
the  hands  of  the  trustees  upon  the  24th  of  June,  1770.  Thomas  Hyam  appears  to  have  been 
chiefly  instrumental  in  bringing  about  this  important  event  for  the  Hospital."  [Cornell's  His- 
tory of  Pennsylvania,  iS76,p.  41  J.  Quoted  from  Woods  Historical  and  Biographical  Memoirs.] 

'Dr.  John  Kothergill,  boni  in  1712  near  Richmond,  in  Yorkshire,  England,  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  was  graduated  in  Edinburgh  in  1737.  He  was  interested  in  natural 
philosophy  and  botany,  and  wrote  numerous  treatises  on  therapeutics  and  pharmacy.  He  was 
associated  with  Howard  in  the  reformation  of  the  management  of  prisons.  He  was  also  a 
physician  of  eminence  in  London  and  was  greatly  interested  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
He  presented  the  Hospital  with  casts,  models,  and  diagrams  for  the  museum,  and  gave  the 
first  volume  to  the  medical  librar>-  He  died  in  1780.  He  greatly  assisted  Franklin  in 
advancing  the  pecuniary  interests  of  the  Hospital  in  ICngtand,  as  in  the  instance  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Land  Co  here  referred  to.  He  was  a  man  of  high  character  and  great  benevolence. 
Franklin  said  of  him  "  I  can  hardly  conceive  that  a  belter  man  ever  existed.  [Thomas's 
Biographical  Dictionary.     Phila,,  1870.] 

2^0 


which  was  obtained  chiefly  through  the  friendly  ofifices  of  Dr.  Fother- 
gill.  It  is  in  reference  to  the  above  mentioned  unclaimed  shares  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Land  Company,  the  proceeds  of  which  were  to  be 
given  in  trust  to  the  Managers  to  hold  for  possible  claimants.  The 
decision  is  as  follows  : 

Tluirsday  the  28tli  day  of  June  in  the  4th  Year  of  the  Reign  of  his  Majesty  King 
George  the  3rd.  1764  on  Behaif  of  the  Proprietors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Land 
Company  in  London. 

I'pon  OpeitiiifT  the  matter  tliis  present  Day.  niito  the  Right  Ilonble.  tlie  Lord 
Higli  Chancelor  of  Great  Britain  by  Mr.  York,  being  of  Coiintell  for  the  Hospital 
in  Peimsylva.  called  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  establish'd  by  an  ."Vet  of  the 
General  .Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  entitled,  An  Act  to  Encourage 
the  Establishing  an  Hos])ital  for  the  Relief  of  the  Sick  &  Poor  of  the  said 
Province,  &  for  the  Reception  &  care  of  Lunatics,  //  was  alledged  That  by  an  Act 
of  Parliament  passd  in  the  33rd  Year  of  the  Reign  of  his  late  Maje.sty  King 
George  the  2nd,  entitled  an  Act  for  Vesting  certain  Estates  in  Pennsylvania,  New- 
Jersey  &  Maryland,  belonging  to  the  Proprietors  of  a  partnership,  commonly 
called  the  Pennsylvania  Land  Company  in  London,  in  Trustees  to  be  sold,  &  for 
ot!ier  Purposes  therein  mentioned,  reciting  a  Conveyance  in  Fee,  dated  the  nth  & 
1 2th  of  Augt.  1699.  From  Wm.  Penn— To  Tobias  Collett,  Michael  Russell,  Daniel 
Quard  &  Henry  Gouldney,  of  several  Lotts  in  Philadelphia,  &  a  Tract  of  Land  in 
the  County  of  Bucks  in  Pennsylvania,  granted  to  Richard  Noble,  and  of  100 
Acres  of  Land  in  the  said  County,  &  all  Buildings  and  improvements  thereon 
and  of  60,000  Acres  of  Land  in  Pennsylvania.  And  also  that  by  Indenture  Dated 
the  same  12th  of  Aug't.  1699,  Between  the  said  Grantees  of  the  one  ])art.  and 
Wm.  Beach  &  others  of  the  other  part,  the  said  Grantees  agreed  to  stand  siezed 
upon  Trust  to  E.vecute  such  Deeds  as  should  be  approved  of  by  the  Grand 
Committee,  of  the  Proprietors,  And  that  the  Neat  profitts  of  the  Premises,  should 
be  Divided  into  220  Siiares,  iSc  should  be  called  the  Proprietors  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Land  Company  in  London,  with  directions  how  the  said  220  Shares  Should 
be  transferr'd  or  Descend  in  i<ise  of  Death,  and  also  that  in  the  Year  1720,  the 
Proprietors  of  the  said  220  Shares,  disposed  thereof  to  a  New  Sett  of  Proprietors, 
who  divided  the  same  into  8,800  Shares,  &  Receipts  for  many  of  them  were 
Signed,  and  given  out  by  Thomas  Storey  the  then  Treasurer,  and  reciting  that 
233  Shares,  stand  in  the  Books  of  the  said  Partnershi]),  in  the  Names  of  some  01 
the  Original  Proprietors,  and  3,728  Shares,  in  the  names  of  Several  Persons, 
specefied  in  the  first  Schedule.  And  that  in  pursuance  of  .Advertizements,  claims 
had  been  made  under  several  receipts  for  650  Shares,  and  26  Shares,  &  the 
Names  of  the  Persons  who  produced  such  Receipts  or  claimed  such  Shares,  are 
mentioned  in  the  Second  Schedule ; — And  also  that  it  was  unknown,  who  were 
entitled  to  the  Rema'n  of  the  said  8,800  Shares,  and  that  several  of  the  jiersons 
named  in  the  said  Schedules  are  Dead  &  some  of  the  said  Shares  had  been 
Assigned  and  that  the  premises  unsold  were  greatly  encreased  in  Value,  and  if 
sold,  would  raise  a  Considerable  Sum  to  be  divided  amongst  the  persons  inter- 
rested  in  the  parcelling  out  thereof,  might  tend  to  Populate  the  said  colonies; 
And  also  that  Contracts  ha<i  been  made  with  Francis  Rawle,  the  said  Company's 
Agent  in  Pennsylvania  for  some  of  the  Provinces,  and  that  it  would  be  for  the 
Benefit  of  all  Persons  interrested,  to  join  in  the  Sale,  or  unless  the  said  Lands  by 
authority  of  Parliament,  were  vested  in  Trustees  to  be  sold  : — It  was  therefore 
Enacted,  that  all  the  premises,  except  what  had  been  sold,  &  conveyed  by  the 
Trustees,  should   be  vested  in  John  FothergiU  Dr.  in   physic,   Daniel  Zachary, 


Decision  of 

the  Lord 

Chancellor 

Authorizing 

Managers 

to  Settle 

Estates  of 

Pennsylvania 

Land 

Compan\-. 


Thomas  How,  Dcvi-reux  Bowley,  Liikt-  Hin<l,  KiiliM  How.  siiici-  Dt-ceasd, 
Ruli- of  Court  Jacob  HaK<--ii,  Silvanus  Grove,  and  William  Hi.r<in,  tliiir  Heirs  &  assigns,  I'PIJN 
Making  the  TRl'ST,  to  sell  the  premises  not  Contracted  for  with  the  said  Rawle,  by  Public 
Managers  Auction  on  such  Notice  &  Condition  as  in  the  sai<l  .Act  mentioned  ;— And  by  the 
Trustees  of  said  Act  Commissioners  were  appointed  for  examining  the  Claims  of  Shares, 
Pennsylvania  S:  impowered  by  Kxamination  of  Parties.  Sc  otherwise  to  determine,  the  same, 
Land  in  a  Summary  Way,  &  were  on  or  before  the  ist  of  March,  1763,  to  ascertain  how 
Company,  many  Shares  should  be  allowed,  and  to  whom,  &  cast  up  the  Amount  thereof, 
and  on  or  before  the  24th  day  of  June  1763,  cause  a  Copy  of  such  Book,  Signed 
by  them,  to  be  fded,  with  the  Clerk  of  the  Reports  in  Chancery,  Who  is  required 
to  file  the  same,  and  to  take  such  Fees,  as  are  allow'd  for  Copyini;  and  filing 
Reports,  .And,  it  was  thereby  further  Enacted,  that  the  Neat  Money  belonging  to 
the  Partnership  Estates,  should  with  all  Convenient  Speed  after  the  24th  of  June 
176.3  be  distributed,  and  ap|ilyed  to  every  person  whose  right  should  be  allowed 
by  the  said  Commiss'rs,  as  therein  before  directed,  in  or  to  any  Shares,  rateably 
and  Proportionally,  according  to  the  Number  of  Shares  in  the  said  Partnership  : 
— And,  it  was  by  the  said  Act  further  provided,  That  as  to  the  proportionable 
Dividend  of  persons  entitled  to  any  of  the  482  Unclaimed  Shares  in  the  said 
Partnership,  or  any  receipt  for  Shares  therein,  who  should  not  make  out  their 
right  thereto,  The  Trustees  were  to  pay  the  same  into  the  Bank  of  England,  in 
the  name  and  with  the  privity  of  the  Accountant  General  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery  and  to  be  placed  to  his  Acco.  under  the  Title  of— THE  PROPRIE- 
TORS of  THE  PENNSA.  LAND  COMPANY  IN  LONDON— subject  to  such 
Order  as  should  from  Time  to  Time  be  made  concern'd  the  same,  by  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  &  all  Persons  who  before  the  24th  of  June  1770  should  think  them- 
selves entitled  to  any  part  of  the  Money,  on  Acct.  of  any  such  Dividend,  might 
apply  to  the  Court,  by  Motion  in  open  Court  or  petition,  and  the  said  Court, 
should  thereupon  proceed  in  a  Summary  Manner,  &  from  time  to  time  make 
such  orders  in  the  Premises,  as  should  be  just,  and  if  any  Persons  entitled  to  any 
of  the  Money  so  paid  into  the  Bank,  as  for  the  Dividend  of  any  sach  Share, 
should  not  apply  to  the  Court,  to  be  paid  their  proportion  of  the  Money  so  paid 
into  the  Bank,  and  before  the  said  24th  of  June  1770  make  out  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  said  Court  their  right  to  so  much  of  the  Said  Money  which  they  should 
claim  in  respect  of  some  share  in  the  said  Partnership,  then  so  much  Money, 
which  shoultl  be  so  paid  into  the  Bank  on  the  Account  last  above-mentiiined, 
&  which  should  not  before  the  said  24th  of  June  1770  be  claimed,  &  ordered  to  be 
paid  thereout  to  the  respective  parties,  who  should  make  out  their  right  thereto  ; 
As  by  the  said  Act  before  provided  should  go  to  the  use  of  the  HOSPITAL  in 
Pennsylvania,  called  the  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL  established  by  an  Act 
of  the  General  Assembly  in  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania,  entitled  An  Act  to 
Encourage  the  Establishing  a  Hospital  for  the  Sick  &  Poor  of  the  said  Province 
&  for  the  reception  &  Cure  of  Lunatics  and  at  any  time  after  the  24th  of  June 
1770,  on  application  being  made  to  the  said  Court,  on  behalf  of  the  said  Hospital, 
by  Motion  in  open  Court  on  petition  for  Payment  thereof,  The  Court  should 
order  the  Accountant  General,  to  draw  on  the  Bank  for  the  same,  payable  as  the 
Court  should  order  for  the  use  of  the  Hospital ;  And  it  was  by  the  said  Act 
further  provided,  that  after  any  Money  should  be  paid  into  the  Bank  of  England 
as  therein  before  directed,  it  should  be  Lawful  for  the  Court  on  the  application  of 
any  Person  or  Persons  interested  in  any  such  Money  so  paid  in,  or  who  should 
apprehend  Him,  Her,  or  themselves  so  to  be,  to  Order  the  same,  or  any  part 
thereof,  to  be  placed  out  at  Interest,  in  some  of  the  Public  Funds  of  this 
Kingdom,  in  the  Name  of  the  Accountant  General,  and  all  Interest  attending  the 
same,  should  go,  and  be  applied  in  such  Manner  as  the  principal  Money  should 

252 


be  so  paid  into  the  Bank  on  Acco't  of  any  sucli  unascertain'd  Shares,  or 
Receipts,  in  the  said  Partnership,  as  aforesaid,  Whereby  the  said  Act  Ijcfore 
directed  to  go,  and  be  applied,  That  tlie  Commissioners  named  and  ajjpointed  by 
the  said  Act  certified  by  Writing  under  their  liands,  at  the  foot  of  tlicir  proceed- 
ings, entered  into  a  Book  for  that  purpose,  Pursuant  to  the  said  Act,  that  they 
had  proceeded  to  Execute  the  powers  &  Autlioritys  thereby  vested  in  them, 
agreeable  to  the  directions  in  the  said  Act,  and  as  for  and  concerning  the  3973 
Shares,  in  the  first  Schedule,  referr'd  to  by  the  said  Act,  which  by  mistake  are 
there  cast  up,  and  set  down  3961  Shares,  3483  Shares  and  4/5ths  of  22  Shares, 
thereof,  having  been  claimed  before  them,  and  such  Claims  made  out  to  their 
satisfaction,  they  had  adjusted,  and  ascertain'd,  the  said  j^.Vj  .Shares  iS:  4  jths  of 
22  Shares,  to  belong  to  the  several  Persons,  and  in  the  proportions  mentioned  in 
the  first  Schedule : — The  Remaining  466  Shares,  and  i/5th  of  22  Shares  of  the 
said  3973  Shares,  having  either  not  been  claimed  before  them,  or  the  Claims  in 
Respect  thereof,  having  been  disallowed  by  them  for  want  of  sufficient  Evidence 
to  make  out  the  same  to  their  Satisfaction,  and  as  for  &  Concerning  the  676 
Shares  in  the  2nd  Schedule,  referr'd  to  by  the  said  Act  672  Shares  thereof  having 
been  Claimed  before  them,  &  such  claims  made  out  to  their  satisfaction,  they  had 
ajusted  &  ascertain'd  the  said  672  Shares,  to  belong  to  the  several  Persons,  &  in 
the  Proportions  mentioned,  in  the  second  Schedule,  The  remaining  4  Shares,  not 
having  been  claimed  before  them,  and  as  for  and  concerning  470  Shares,  which 
Remain'd  Unclaimed  at  the  Time  of  passing  the  said  Act,  but  which  by  Mistake 
are  therein  called  4S2  Shares,  138  Shares  thereof  having  been  Claimed  before 
them,  &  such  Claims  made  out  to  their  Satisfaction,  they  had  adjusted  &  ascer- 
tained the  said  13S  Shares,  to  belong  to  the  Several  persons,  &  in  the  proportions 
mentioned  in  the  3rd  Schedule.  The  remaining  332  Shares  of  the  said  470 
Shares,  not  having  been  claimed  before  them  which  said  3,973,676  Shares  & 
470  Shares  together  with  the  36S1  Shares,  in  the  said  .Act  mentioned,  to  liave 
been  assign'd  to  Thomas  Hyam,  Thomas  Reynolds,  &  Thomas  How  in  Trust  for 
the  Benefit  of  the  persons  therein  called  the  Pennsylvania  Land  Company  in 
London  make  the  SS',000  Shares,  into  which  the  Original  220  Shares  in  the  said 
Act  mentioned,  are  therein  recited  to  have  been  divided  and  branched  out  in  the 
Year  1720.  At  a  general  Meeting  of  the  Proprietors  then  held,  they  were 
informed  by  the  Trustees  that  the  greatest  part  of  the  Company's  Lands  had 
been  Sold,  and  that  from  the  Money  arising  therefrom,  they  were  Enabled  to 
make  a  first  Dividend  of  jCS  per  Share,  which  Dividend  being  unanimously 
agreed  to  by  the  Proprietors  then  present,  was  declared  accordingly  and  hath 
been  since  paid  to  the  several.  Proprietors  whose  claims  were  allowed  by  the 
Commissioners  ; — That  the  surviving  Trustees  in  the  said  Act  of  Parliament  have 
paid  into  the  Bank,  the  sum  of  £6431  4s  being  £S  per  Share  on  S02  Shares 
&  //jth  of  211  Unclaimed  Shares  and  the  said  Money  is  now  Remaining  in  the 
said  .Accountant  General's  Name  in  this  matter,  under  the  Title  of  The  Proprie- 
tors of  the  Pennsylvania  Land  Company  in  London  pursuant  to  the  said  .■Vet  of 
Parliament,  that  it  will  be  for  the  Benefit  of  all  parties  to  have  the  said  £64^1  4s 
laid  out  in  Stock  &  Carry  Interest — IT  WAS  therefore  prayed  that  the  sum  of 
£643:  4s  Cash  in  the  Bank,  now  remaining  in  the  name  of  the  .Accountant 
General,  and  placed  to  the  Credit  of  the  Proprietors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Land 
Company  in  London,  may  be  laid  out  in  the  purchase  of  j  per  Cent,  reduced 
Bank  Annuities,  in  the  Name  and  with  the  privity  of  the  said  Accountant 
General,  upon  the  Trusts  mentioned  in  the  said  Act  of  Parliament  and  that  he 
may  declare  the  Trust  thereof  Accordingly  subject  to  the  further  orders  of  this 
Court,  WHEREUPON  and  upon  hearing  of  Mr.  Seare  of  Council  for  the 
surviving  Trustees,   in  the  said  .Act  of  Parliament,  who  consented  thereto,  and 

253 


tile  said  Accountant  CJcneral's  Certificate  Read,  ami  wliat  was  AlliclKed  liy  tin- 
Proceeds  of   Council  f<ir  the  said  Parties— IT  IS  ORDKRKU  that  the  said  Sum  of /(i/,-/ y.t 
Kstates  of   C;,sh  in  the  Hank  in  Trust   in  this  matter,  under  the  Title  of  THK  Propriet'rs  of 
Pennsylvania    the   Pennsylvania   Land   Company  in    London,    be   laid  «>ut    in    the  purchase  of 
Land    j  p     (_•(     reduced   Hank   Annuities  in  the  name  and  with  the  privity  of  the  said 
Company.     Accountant  (leneral,  to  be  there  placed  to  the  Credit  of  this  Matter  under  the 
Said  Title,  AND  he  to  declare  the  Trust  thereof,  accordingly  Sulyect    to   the 
further  order  of  this  Court,  And  for  that  purpose  the  said  Accountant  (leneral, 
is  to  draw  on  the  Bank,  accordiuK  to  the  Form  prescribed  by  the  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, and  the  (leneral  Rules,  and  orders  of  the  Court  in  that  Case  made  and 
provided. 

The  drafts  were  signed  by  eight  Managers.    The  amounts  realized 
were  as  follows: 

*  32  Bills  sold  for /7.WO'  0.0  SterliuH  or /'i  1,990.  5.0  Currency. 

I      "  "       i.?4.    1.2  "  225.17.9 

Paid  Messrs.   Bevans'  Commissions        iS7.i2.o 


Amount  received /■7611.13.2  "  /■i2,2i6  2.9111  Cur'cy. 

(Besides  the  /'i2,2i6.2.9  in  Currency,  as  much  more  as  the  /rS7.I2.o  Stcrlin;; 
was  worth. ) 

The  above  amounts  were  paid  at  various  times,  the  last  portions 
not  being  received  until  after  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 
Funds  from  ^^Y  ^^^  ^^  April  II,  1793,  entitled    "  An  Act  for  extending  the 

Arrears  of  benefits  experienced  from  the  institution  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Loan  Office  Hospital,"  twenty-six  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty-six  dollars 
''■'"  '"' '  and  sixty-seven  cents  (526,666.67),  were  granted  to  the  contributors 
out  of  the  arrears  due  the  Commonwealth  under  the  Loan  Office  .Acts 
of  Feb.  26,  1773,  and  the  State  Treasurer  was  directed  to  pay  to  the 
Hospital  all  moneys  on  that  account  received  by  him  since  the  first  day 
of  January  preceding,  and  to  assign  to  the  Hosi)ital  the  mortgages  and 
securities  upon  which  anything  remained  due.  The  managers  were 
required  to  give  security,  and  to  use  their  utmost  endeavors  to  collect 
the  money  and,  after  satisfying  the  grant,  to  pay  the  surplus  to  the 
State  Treasurer.  The  Managers  were  appointed  trustees  of  the  Loan 
Office,  etc.,  and  were  directed  to  apply  the  money  granted  to  erect 
additional  buildings,  and  to  render  an  accoimt  annually  to  the  Legis- 
lature. Also  any  unclaimed  dividends  of  Bankrupts'  estates  were 
directed  to  be  jiaid  to  the  Hospital  by  the  Commissioners  of  Bank- 
ni  aime(    j-^jpfg    {j^g  Hosi)ital  to   be   liable   therefor,    if   subsequently  claimed. 

Dividends  of         1       '  1  i  J 

Kstates  of    Ih^^   Managers,  by  the  same    Act,    were   empowered    to    establish   a 
Bankrupts.    Lying-in  and  Foundling  Department  in  the  Hospital. 

On  December  16,  1795,  ^'^^  Commissioners  in  Bankruptcy  paid 
to  the  Managers  on  account  of  unclaimed  dividends  and  surpluses. 
S20.044.64,  and  on  March  28,  1796,  S6912.08. 

254 


The  following  correspondence  is  of  considerable  historical 
interest.  It  is  recorded  in  the  minutes  of  a  meeting  held  November 
22,  I  796  : 

The  Governor  having  lately  paid  a  visit  to  the  Hospital  and  signified  a  will- 
ingness in  his  next  address  to  recommend  to  the  Legislature  to  grant  a  further 
sum  to  finish  the  centre  building,  it  was  agreed  that  Robert  Wain,  Saml.  M.  Fox 
&  Saml.  Coates  be  a  committee  to  take  him  the  following  address  and  to  request 
he  will  introduce  therein  such  parts  of  it  as  he  may  conceive  will  be  useful  on  the 
occasion  ; 

To  Thomas  Mifflin,  Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  acknowledge  with  great  satisfac- 
tion, the  benefit  derived  from  that  part  of  the  Governor's  last  address,  to  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  this  State,  in  which  he  was  pleased  to 
recommend  that  Institution  to  their  attention  for  aid  and  support.  The  grant  of 
money  which  followed  this  recommendation  has  enabled  the  Managers  to  finish 
seventy  rooms  in  the  West  Wing  and  thus  to  provide  suitable  and  convenient 
accommodations  for  a  Number  of  Lunatics  ;  instead  of  the  subterraneous  and 
damp  cells,  in  which  they  have  hitherto  been  confined  ;  the  pleasing  hope  of 
administering  more  effectual  relief  to  this  afllicted  class  of  patients  is  much 
incouraged  by  the  great  success,  which  under  every  Inconvenience,  has  attended 
the  Efforts  of  the  hospital  Physicians,  during  the  last  year  ;  according  to  the 
original  jilan  some  progress  has  been  Made  towards  connecting  the  two  Wings  of 
the  Hospital  by  the  center  building,  the  foundation  of  which  has  been  laid,  the 
walls  carried  up  to  the  level  of  the  Ground  floor,  and  many  Materials  provided 
for  completing  the  Same.  In  the  expenditure  of  the  money  intrusted  to  the 
Managers  they  have  observed  the  strictest  economy,  but  the  sum  granted  being 
insufficient,  They  fear  that  the  Work  already  done,  if  it  should  be  left  in  its  present 
unfinished  state  w'ill  suffer  greatly  from  the  weather  ;  other  inconveniences  will 
gre.itly  attend  it  ;  the  Steward  and  Matron  will  be  too  remote  from  many  of  the 
Patients,  to  aflibrd  the  necessary  attention,  The  Number  of  nurses  and  servants 
must  be  increased,  and  Consequently  the  Expencesof  the  Institution.  The  room 
where  the  Managers  meet,  the  Museum,  the  apothecaries  Shop,  and  the  apart- 
ments now  occupied  by  the  Steward  &  Matron  and  apothecaries  are  all  wanted  for 
the  more  comfortable  accommodation  and  better  separation  of  the  sick,  untill  the 
center  building  be  completed  these  Inconveniences  cannot  be  removed  ;  the 
Managers  forbear  to  enlarge  on  this  subject ;  it  is  unnecessary  they  think  to  dis- 
cant  on  the  relief,  which  has  been  extended  to  many  of  the  Citizens  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, as  well  as  to  distressed  Strangers  by  Means  of  this  Hospital  ;  the  Governor 
having  some  years  ago  been  a  Manager  thereof,  has  had  a  full  opportunity  of 
knowing  the  usefulness  of  an  Institution,  which  among  other  charitable  Endow- 
ments, has  reflected  honor  on  the  humanity  and  public  spirit  of  Pennsylvania. — 
They  will  therefore  intrude  no  longer  on  his  time,  but  to  submit  to  the  Governor 
the  propriety  of  mentioning  the  present  situation  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
in  his  next  Address  to  the  Legislature  of  this  State. 

Signed  on  behalf  and  at  the  request  of  a  board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  nth  month  22,  1796. 

JosHH  Hewes,  President. 

Saml.  Co.\tes,  Sect^y. 


Visit  of 

Governor 

Mifflin. 


Address  to 
the  Governor 
asking 
favorable 
mention. 


A  Supplement  to  Act  of  April   ii,  1793,  passed  April  4,  1796, 
An  additional   niade  an  additional  grant  of  twenty-five  thousand   dollars  to  enable 

Grant  from   jj^g  contributors   to  finish   the   buildings  according    to   the  original 
Assembly  for       , 

completinK    •''*"'  ^'<=- 

Buildings.  At  a  special  meeting  held  at  the  house  of  Josiah  Hewes,  December 

28th,   1797,   the    draft  of    a    second  address  to  the  Governor    was 
produced,  agreed  upon  and  directed  to  be  forwarded. 


Managers' 
Report  of 
Progress 
and  need 
of  another 
Appropri- 
ation. 


The  Managers  of  the  Pknnsvi-vama  IIosi'itai,  Respectfully  Represent: 
That  they  have  with  as  much  teconomy  as  the  nature  of  the  business  would 
admit,  proceeded  according  to  the  views  of  the  Legislature,  towards  the  Com- 
pletion of  the  buildings  originally  intended  by  the  Contributors  and  have  besides 
finishing  the  Western  Wards  in  a  stile  of  superior  Consequence  for  the  accommo- 
tion  ol  Lunatic  Patients,  raised  and  partly  inclosed  the  Centre  Buildings  designed 
for  the  residence  of  the  Officers  and  servants  of  the  Familey,  and  for  other 
necessary  purposes.  In  thus  far  Prosecuting  the  Task  a.ssigned  lliem,  the  whole 
of  the  Monies  granted  by  the  Assemltly  for  the  j)urpose,  hath  been  e.xpeiideil  anil 
the  sum  of  eighteen  hundred  pounds,  and  upwards  borrowed,  besides  incurring 
debts  on  unsettled  accounts,  to  the  supposed  amount  of  Two  thousand  Pounds. 

Tile  ;\Ianagers  confiding  in  the  Governor's  willingness  to  co-operate  with 
them  in  obtaining  the  means  to  complete  a  good  design,  so  far  happily  bro't  on  its 
way,  request  that  he  will  in  such  manner  as  may  be  most  likely  to  promote  it, 
aid  an  application,  which  they  are  about  to  make  to  the  Assembly  for  the  Sum  of 
si.x  thousand  Pounds,  which  if  granted,  they  hope  will  enable  them  to  finish  the 
Original  Plan  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  to  e.\tend  its  benefits  much 
more  widely,  than  their  heretofore  limited  circumstances  would  .illow. 

Signed 

Josiah  Hewes,  President. 
Samiki.  Cdates,  Secretary. 


An  address  was  also  directed  to  be  jirepared  to  be  presented  to 
the  Legislature  to  second  the  Governor's  recommendation.  It 
appears  in  full  in  the  minutes  of  the  same  meeting. 


Address 

to  the 

Legislature. 


To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representalwes  0/  the 

Commonweallh  of  Pennsrh'ania. 

The  Afenioriat  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 

Hospital  Respectfully  Slicu; 

That  in  the  begining  of  the  Year  1751  a  plan  was  presented  to  tile  Assembly, 
for  a  Public  Hospital,  for  the  benevolent  purpose  of  receiving  and  accommodating 
the  Lunaticks  and  sick  poor  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  plan  was  approved  of  by  the  Legislature,  who  shewed  a  good  disposi- 
tion to  carry  it  into  effect,  but  they  had  some  doubts  of  incouraging  the  building 
for  fear  that  individual  contributions  would  not  be  raised  in  proportion  to  Legis- 
lative aid.     \  trial  however,  was  soon  made  .    .    . 

The  Legislature  gave  in  May  following,  two  thousand  pounds  towards  erect- 
ing the  Ea.stern  Wing  of  the  Hospital,  embracing  at  the  same  time  the  idea  of 
extending  it,  at  a  future  day,  whenever  the  Circumstances  of  the  Province  should 
require  its  enlargement ;  To  this  gift  they  annexed  a  Condition  that  the  money 


256 


sliouki  not  be  paid  untill  the  Coiitributois  slitiuUI  raise  by  suljsciiplion  an  equal 

sum  for  the  same  use. — This  was  soon  done  and  in  a  short  time  more  was  sub-    Appeal 

scribed  than  the  Act  required.  to  the 

The  Institution   was  then  organized,  and  Twelve  Managers,  a  Treasurer  and     Legislature 
six  Physicians  were  chosen,  who  freely  undertook   the  service  of  the   House  for    for  I'unds 
the  sake  of  the  sick  and  suffering  Poor.  to  nimplele 

A  CHARTER  was  also  procured,  which  provided  that  Committees  of  the  the  Hospital. 
House  of  Assembly,  should  visit  the  Hospital,  whenever  it  appeared  proper  to 
them,  that  the  annual  accounts  should  be  submited  to  the  House,  that  the  laws 
and  rules  for  the  Election  of  ManaKers,  and  Physicians,  should  be  approved  by  the 
chief  justice  and  attorney  General  and  finally,  to  shew  that  every  object  of  the 
Contributors  tended  to  the  Public  Weal,  a  clause,  was  inserted  by  which  the 
Hospital  with  all  its  property  was  to  escheat  to  the  Province  in  case,  the  Con- 
tributors should  fail, — Thus  in  the  early  settlement  of  I'ennsylvania  the  Hospital 
took  its  rise — The  Le>;islature  became  its  Patron,  and  every  humane  citizen  its 
friend. 

By  a  Combination  of  Public  anil  Private  e.vertions  of  so  many  Charitable 
disposed  people  in  the  Province,  the  Managers  were  enabled  to  finish  the  Eastern 
appartments  ;  but  the  two  thousand  Pounds,  which  the  Assembly  gave,  and  the 
first  Contributions  that  were  raised,  were  expended  in  the  buildiligs :  it  therefore 
became  necessary  to  procure  a  reimbursement  of  this  Money  to  the  Capital  Stock  ; 
for  which  reason  the  Managers  |)etitioned  the  Assembly  to  replace  it. 

The  Prayer  of  this  Petition  was  readily  granted,  by  which  eventually,  tlie 
Legislature  had  the  e.vclusive  honor  of  raising  the  first  asylum  of  the  kind  that 
was  known  in  the  State,  if  not  in  the  Union,  for  the  most  afflicted  and  helpless 
class  of  the  people,  both  in  body  and  mind.  To  the  humane  Citizens  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  to  many  benevolent  persons  in  England,  and  in  other  parts  of  the 
World,  the  Credit  of  endowing  tin-  Instilulicin  with  funds  to  suiiport  it  umiiies- 
tionably  belongs. 

Such  liberality  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  annals  of  this  Country,  in  which  a 
jirivate  association  of  Gentlemen,  who  had  no  personal  emoluments  in  view,  have 
freely  subscribed  a  productive  stock  of  Twenty  thousand,  five  hundred  and 
eighty-five  pounds,  ten  shillings  and  four  pence,  for  the  use  for  the  Poor. 

In  addition  to  this  Sum,  they  have  added  to  the  Hospital  Estate,  two  valuable 
Lots  of  Ground,  to  be  kept  open  forever,  for  the  benefit  of  fresh  and  wholesome 
air,  for  the  Patients, — To  prove  that  the  Contributors  have  rendered  this  important 
service  to  the  Country,  the  Managers  can  appeal  to  the  annual  accounts,  which 
were  rendered  to  your  predecessors  in  the  Year  1774,  all  of  which  they  presume 
are  Carefully  preserved  among  the  archives  of  the  State. 

About  this  time  the  affairs  of  the  Hospital  were  in  a  prospering  Condition — 
When  alas !  by  events  inseparable  from  the  War,  which  occasioned  the  late 
revolution,  the  Contributors  lost  above  Ten  thousand  Pounds — This  Shock  in  the 
Infancy  of  the  Institution,  paralised  the  active  operations  of  the  Managers  for 
several  Years,  but  as  the  native  benevolent  spirit  of  Pennsylvania  was  yet  alive 
to  the  miseries  of  their  fellow  suffering  Citizens,  the  Managers  were  encouraged 
to  re-assume  their  labours. 

And  now,  when  Peace  returned  to  heal  the  wounds  of  a  long  War,  and  tlie 
lap  of  Industry  was  filled  with  the  Profits  of  agriculture  and  Commerce,  the 
managers  sought  for  new  Contributions,  which  they  received  from  many  Charita- 
ble Citizens  :  by  these  means,  the  ("apital  was  partly  restored  so  that  in  1793  it 
amounted  to  seventeen  tlicnisand  and  si.xty-llve  I'omuls.  eleven  shillings  and 
teni)ence. 


Al  this  time  it  became  indispensably  necessary  to  inlarRC  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  so  as  to  admit  a  greater  number  of  lunatics,  who  with  other  Patients 
were  increased  with  the  Krowing  pnpulatlon  of  the  state,  and  for  whom  the  old 
appartments  of  the  house,  were  inconvenient  and  wholly  insufficient. 

To  effect  this  enlargement  of  the  building,  the  Managers  submitted  a  new 
plan,  nearly  resembling  the  Original  plan  of  the  Hospital,  with  an  Address,  to 
the  Legislature.  They  approved  thereof,  and  gave  Ten  thousand  pounds  tow  nrds 
carrying  it  on,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  loan  Office  fund  of  the  Year  1773. 

Of  this  sum,  the  Managers  have  received  but ^'7,696  14.?.  id. 

In  addition  to  which  on  a  further  application,  the  Legislature  gave 

in  1796 /9.3"5    o    o 

Those  monies  amounting  to /^i7.o7i  14^-  irf- 

are  the  total  .Amount  of  all  the  Cash  received  from  the  Legislature  to  this 
time,  for  the  above  purposes,  and  they  are  all  e.xpended  in  carrying  on  the  Work. 
In  addition  to  what  has  already  been  i)rocured,  there  will  be  wanted  agreea- 
bly to  a  report  of  the  building  Committee,  which  is  now  Submitted  to  the  Con- 
sideration of  the  House : 

To  pay  the  money  that  is  borrowed /i,.Sii    bs.2lid. 

To  pay  unsettled  Accounts 2,000    o    o 

.\nd  to  finish  the  buildings 4.S70    5     2 

Total  required  to  Complete  the  Estimate  is ^8,381  lu.  4U(/. 

Of  this  sum  the  Managers  are  in  hopes  to  collect  the  balance, 

remaining  due  of  the  /"io,ocpo  given  for  the  loan  Office  fund, ^2, 303    5^,  1  irf. 

Amount    There  will  be  then  wanting  in  Cash j<r6,o78    5s.    srf. 

required  to    to  complete  the  whole,  besides  the  .^"2,303  5i.  iirf.  which  is  to  be  applied  to  the 
finish  the    same  use,  when  collected. 

The  Man.igers  further  represent  to  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  that  chiefly 
by  the  monies  they  have  given  them,  the  E.ist  &  Western  appartments  are  fin- 
ished, and  that  about  52  lunatic  Patients  besides  others,  are  now  accommodateil 
in  them;  but  the  middle  house,  which  is  the  proper  center  of  communication  with 
all  parts  of  the  family  is  open  to  the  roof,  the  outward  walls  only  being  carried  up 
so  that  the  valuable  work,  that  is  already  done,  with  many  materials  provided  to 
carry  it  on,  are  exposed  to  the  weather  and  in  danger  of  being  destroyed. 

Considering  this,  and  that  former  Assemblies  have  thought  the  Institution  of 
so  much  importance  to  the  State,  as  to  give  the  whole  building  at  different  times 
Twenty-five  thousand  pounds  of  the  Public  money,  to  raise  it  to  its  present  con- 
dition, the  Managers  are  unwilling  to  fielieve  that  the  Legislature  will  desert  it  in 
its  imperfect  condition,  when  about  six  thousand  pounds  will  probably  secure  the 
benefits  their  predecessors  intended  their  constituents  should  derive  from  the 
liberal  Contributions  they  have  already  made. 

The  Managers,  therefore,  in  behalf  of  the  Contributors,  apply  for  six 
thousantl  and  seventy-eight  pounds  to  finish  the  House.  And  when  they  call 
your  attention  to  the  records  of  this  useful  Institution,  which  has  been  faithfully 
laid  before  the  Legislature,  every  Year  for  more  than  forty  Years  past.  When 
they  remind  you  that  the  numerous  and  various  cases,  which  are  attended  in  the 
Hospital,  have  been  the  means  of  alluring  Students  from  every  State  in  the 
Union,  and  thereby  spreading  the  Reputation  of  Pennsylvania  with  Me<lical  Knowl- 
edge, to  different  parts  of  the  World.  And  lastly,  when  you  find,  (which  is  a 
truth  upon  record),  that  the  Contributions  to  this  Institution  have  assisted 
about  Nine  thousand  Inhabitants  of  the  State,  whose  citizens  you  now  represent, 

25S 


who  have  been  afflicted  with  madness,  casualties  and  almost  every  disease  that 
affects  the  minds  and  bodies  of  Men,  and  that  they  have  been  the  means  of 
preserving  several  thousand  of  the  lives  of  those  distressed  people,  they  trust  and 
believe  you  will  not  require  a  more  powerful  address  to  your  feelings,  than  this 
appeal  to  the  Prayer  of  this,  their  earnest  Petition. 

Signed  by  order  of  a  Board  of  Managers. 

JosnH  Hewes,  President. 
S.iMiEL  CoATES,  Secretary. 
1 2th  month  28th,  1797. 

Several  other  attempts  were  made  and  petitions  presented  to  the 
Assembly.  No  specific  appropriation  was  given,  but  the  proceeds  of  the 
Loan  Office  Funds,  as  they  came  in,  were  used  to  complete  the  work. 

On  March  6,  1799,  an  address  was  prepared,  directing  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Assembly  to  a  deficiency  in  an  appropriation  previously 
made  : 

The  Committee  on  the  Loan  Office  Fund  report  the  following  Memorial  to 
the  assembly  which  being  read  by  paragraphs  and  considered  was  approved,  it 
was  then  ordered  to  be  transcribed  signed  by  the  managers  and  laid  before  the 
Legislature  without  delay.  The  accounts  which  are  not  on  the  Memorial  were 
directed  to  be  copied  on  the  rough  minutes. 

To  the  Representatives  of  the  Freemen  0/  the 

Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  JTemorial  of  the  Subscribers  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 

Hospital  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  respectfully  Sheueth. 

That  bv  an  .-Vet  of  Assembly  passed  the  nth  Day  of  .■^pril   1793,  the  Sum  of    Petition tothe 
S26,666^o'o   Dollars  was  granted  to  the  Contributors   to  the   said    Pennsylvania    Assembly. 
Hospital  for  the  uses  in  the  said  .\<A  mentioned,  out  of  the  Principal  and  Interest 
due  to  the  Commonwealth  in  pursuance  of  an  Act  passed  26th  of  February  1773 
entitled  an  Act  for  emitting  the  Sum  of  /"150.000  in  bills  of  Credit  on  loan,  and 
providing  a  fund  for  the  payment  of  public  Debts. 

And  your  Memorialists  further  shew  that  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  said  .'\ct 
the  State  Treasurer  at  the  request  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  said  Contributors,  did 
assign  transfer  and  set  over  to  the  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital,  the  said  Amount 
and  more  in  the  Mortgages  for  Money  loaned  at  the  said  Loan  Office  under  the 
said  Act  of  26th  of  February  1773. 

And  your  Memorialists  further  shew,  that  by  the  said  Act  dated  26th 
February  1773,  it  was  provided  that  if  it  should  appear  on  the  Settlement  of  the 
.Accounts  of  the  Trustees  of  the  said  Loan  Office,  that  any  Deficiency  had 
happened  by  any  Borrower  or  Mortgages  not  having  Right  to  the  Lands  mort- 
gaged or  in  the  Value  thereof  or  by  any  other  way  or  Means  whatsoever  to  pay 
the  Monies  and  the  Interest  accrued  thereon  with  the  Costs  of  the  Suits  which 
should  be  prosecuted  for  the  same,  that  in  every  such  Case  the  Trustees  of  the 
said  Loan  Office  having  an  Order  from  the  Assembly  for  the  purpose  should  draw 
an  order  on  the  Treasurer  of  the  County  in  which  such  Deficiency  should  happen, 
for  the  payment  of  such  Deficiencies,  if  so  much  Money  should  then  be  in  the 
Treasury,  and  if  not  that  the  said  Trustees  should  issue  their  precept  to  the 
Commissioners  and  Assessors  of  the  said  County,  enjoining  them  to  cause  the 
said  Deficiency  so  happening  with  such  Costs  &  Charges  as  should  accrue  and  be 


|>aicl  by  the  said  Trusti-i-s  in  cncli-avoriiig  to  recover  the  same,  forthwith  to  be 

assessed,  raised  and  levied  of  and  upon  the  County,  In  the  same  manner  by  the 

same  persons  and  under  the  same  pains,    Penalties   and    Forfeitures   as  other 

County  Rates  are  l)y  Law  <lirccted  to  lie  assessed,  raised  and  levied,  winch  the 

said  Conunissioners  and  Assessors  were  hereby  enjoined  and  required  to  do. 

Mi'ini>rial  to  Your  Memorialists  further  State,  that  on  the  Transfer  of  the  said  MortKages, 

l.i-yislature    they  caused  Precepts  to  he  issued  to  sell  the  morlRaKed   Premises  as  soon  and  in 

«ith  regard    such  Instances  where  the  same  could  be  done  with  propriety  after  Default  made 

to  Loan    in  paying  the  Instalments  of  the  same,  and   in  many   Instances  the  mortgaged 

Office    Premises  have  been   sold   according  to  due  Course  of    Law,  and  the  Premises 

Estates,     included  in  some  of  the  said  Mortgages,  so  as  aforesaid  assigned  to  the  Managers 

of  the  said  Hospital  have  sold  for  less  than  the  Sums  loaned  upon  the  same  with 

the  Interest  by  the  Sum  of  /,"45oS  3J.  Mrf   and  that  the    Deficiency   in  the  value 

thereof,  has  occasioned  a  Loss  to  the  Trustees  of  the  said  Loan  Office,  and  the 

said  Contributors  and  Managers  of  the  said   Hospital  to  the  amount  above  men 

tioned  the  particulars  i>f  which  api)ear  in  a  Schedule  hereto  annexed  marked  .\. 

Your  Memorialists  beg  leave  further  to  represent  that  several  Estates  which 
were  under  Mortgage  to  the  said  Loan  Office  for  Monies  loaned  under  the  said 
Act  of  2jrd.  February.  1773  and  which  Mortgages  were  so  as  aforesaitl  by  the 
Treasurer  of  the  State  assigned  and  set  over  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Contributors 
to  the  said  Hospital  un<ler  and  by  the  Directions  of  the  said  Act  of  the  1  ith.  of 
April  1793  have  been  forfeited  to  the  Connnonwealth  by  the  Laws  of  .Attainder 
and  sold  without  regard  to  the  Debt  due  thereupon  to  the  said  Loan  Office  and 
the  proceeds  of  the  said  Estates  have  been  received  by  the  Agents  ol  the  Com- 
monwealth andappropriated  to  the  use  thereof,  by  which  also  there  is  a  Deficiency 
of  the  Funds  of  the  said  Loan  Office  set  over  for  the  use  of  the  Hospital  as 
aforesaid  to  the  amount  of  ^2111  lys  lorf  the  particulars  of  which  appear  in  the 
Schedule  hereto  anne.\ed  marked  B. 

Your  Memorialists  further  state  that  <in  the  2,;ril.  of  July  1774  by  an  .Vet  ol 
Assembly  to  be  found  in  Page  514  of  the  old  Province  Laws,  the  Common- 
wealth loaned  to  the  County  of  Northumberland  a  Sum  of  Money  which  with  its 
Interest  to  the  first  day  of  the  present  year  amounts  to  the  sum  of  /.i-"  i^s  4rf 
and  that  the  said  Debt  due  by  the  said  County  of  Northumberland  as  aforesaid 
by  virtue  of  the  Act  of  nth.  of  .^pril  1793  was  assigned  to  the  sai<l  Contributors 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  is  yet  unpaid,  and  no  Means  are  provided  by 
any  existing  Law  to  com])el  the  payment  of  the  said  Debt  due  by  and  from  the 
said  County  of  Northumberland  the  particulars  of  which  Debt  appears  by  a  cer- 
tain Schedule  hereto  annexed  marked  C. 

Your  Memorialists  request  that  you  will  be  pleased  to  take  the  preceding 
Circumstances  into  your  serious  Consideration,  relying  upon  the  Funds  thus 
assigned  to  them  by  the  Bounty  of  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  the  Managers 
of  the  said  charitable  Institution,  the  Hospital  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  have 
contracted  Debts  which  the  .Means  put  into  their  Hands  are  insufficient  to 
discharge.  Many  particulars  not  necessary  at  present  to  be  recapitulated  have 
prevented  your  Memorialists  from  receiving  the  Sum  appropriated  by  the  Legis- 
lature, for  rendering  the  Hospital  more  extensively  useful. 

Your  Memorialists  therefore  request,  that  a  Law  may  be  passed  ordering  and 
empowering  your  Petitioners,  the  said  Managers  and  Trustees  of  the  said  Loan 
office  under  and  in  virtue  of  the  said  .Act  of  the  nth.  of  April  1793  to  draw  an 
order  on  the  Treasurers  of  the  Counties  in  which  the  Deficiencies  have  happened 
as  stated  in  the  said  annexed  Schedule  Marked  A.  for  the  payment  of  such 
Deficiencies,  if  so  much  Money  shall  be  in  the  Treasuries  of  the  respective 
■Counties,  and  if  not,  authorizing  and  empowering  the  said  Managers  as  Trustees 

260 


as  ;iforcsai(l  to  issue  tlicir  pii-icpt  to  the  fomniissioiiers  and  Assessors  of  the  said 
several  Counties  to  cause  tlie  said  Deficiencies  «ith  Costs  &  Charges  to  be  forth- 
with  assessed  raised  and  levied  of  and  upon  the  said  several  Counties,  in  the 
same  manner  as  other  County  rates  are  assessed,  raised  and  levied. 

And  your  Memorialists  further  request  that  a  Law  may  be  Passed  authorizinj;    Memorial  to 
and  directing;  the  Treasurer  of  this  Commonwealth  to  pay  to  them  the  .'\mount    l-egislature 
stated  in  the  said  anne.xed  Schedule  B.  being  the  deficiency  in  Mortgages  assigned    with  regard 
for  the  use  of  the  said  Hosjiital  and  which   Deficiency  has  been  occa,sioned  by  the    to  Loan 
attainder  laws  of  this  Commonwealth,  under  which  the  said  mortgaged  Lands    Office  Funds, 
have  been  sold  and  the  proceeds  thereof  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the  State. 

Your  Memorialists  further  request  that  a  Law  may  be  passed  to  levy  on  the 
County  of  Northumberland  in  manner  as  directed  by  the  said  .'^ct  of  26th.  of 
February  1773  the  said  Sum  of  /.'i, 777.13.  4  being  the  principal  Sum  borrowed  by 
the  Commissioners  of  the  said  County  for  the  use  thereof,  and  the  interest  there- 
upon, the  whole  whereof  is  yet  due  and  owing  from  the  said  County  to  the  Com- 
monwealth, and  by  the  Commonwealth  assigned  as  aforesaid  to  the  said  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital. 

Signed  by  all  the  Managers. 
6th  of  3rd  month  1799. 

Til  thf  Siiiali-  and  Hmisr  of  Riptesenlaliviiol  llii- 

Commonwealth  0/  Pennsylz'ania :' 

The  Memorial  and  Petition  of  the  Managers  of  the 

Pennsylvania  Hospital  respectfully  shew. 

That  Your  Memorialists  have  heretofore  submitted  to  the  General  .^ssemlily  a    Auother 
Report  of  the  Receipts    for  and   E.vpenditures  upon,  the  new  buildings,  to  the     Address  to 
iSth.  of  the  12th  month  1797.  with   a  Petition  dated  the  i8th.  of  the  same  month,    the  Legisla- 
for  Si.x  thousand  and  Seventy  Eight  pounds  5/5  to  finish  and  furnish  the  same  :    ture  asking 
And  on   the  6th.  day  of  the  3d  mouth    1799  they  laid   before   you,  an  .\ccount  in    a  Settlement 
detail  of  the  Loan  Office  fund  of  the  Year  1773,  and  requested  your  Assistance,  to    „f  Loan 
enable  them  to  recover,  the  .Arrears  thereon  due  to  the  State.  office  Funds. 

In  addition  thereto,  they  now  offer  you  a  Report  of  the  receipts  for  and 
expenditures  upon  the  building,  continued  to  the  2Sth.  of  the  nth  month  1799. 

Your  Memorialists  forbear  urging  at  this  time  to  your  Consideration,  the  use- 
fulness of  the  Institution  under  their  Care,  referring  You  to  their  former  Memorial 
hereto  annexed,  in  which  they  have  enlarged  upon  that  Subject,  and  apprehending 
the  Assembly  must  be  convinced  of  its  Utility  from  their  having  already  granted 
near  twenty-five  thousand  pounds  in  all  towards  it. 

Your  Memorialists  think  it  may  be  proper  to  mention,  that  before  the  Contri- 
butors engaged  in  this  Undertaking,  they  presented  you  a  plan  of  the  contem- 
plated Erections,  with  an  Estimate  of  the  Costs  that  would  probably  attend 
them,  from  which  they  have  not  deviated  ;  they  accompanied  these  with  a  fair  and 
plain  declaration,  that  the  funds  of  the  Institution  were  insufficient  to  support 
{more  than  a  few  poor  Patients)  and  that  by  the  Charter  no  part  of  the  Capital 
Stock  could  be  expended  on  the  buildings.  Assurances  were  given  you  at  the 
same  time,  that  Your  Memorialists  depended  ui)on  Legislative  .Aid  to  complete 
them. 

With  a  knowledge  of  these  Facts  Your  Memorialists  expect  you  will  not 
hesitate  to  perfect,  the  Work  which  by  your  own  Acts  you  aulhoriy.ed  them  to 
begin  and  enjoined  them  to  do  ; — And  as  the  Contributors  have  bought  &  paid  for 
the  Lots  upon  which  the  Hospital  stands,  and  endowed  it  with  a  Capital  at 
Interest    of  Twenty  thousand  Eight  luindred  and   five  Pounds  13  1 .  and   continue 

261 


tu  inaiiirest  a  beiievolciu  disposition  liy  nuw  Contriliutions  and  Lcgacii-sto  extend 
its  bt-nufits  to  this  &  future  (k'nerations,  Yuur  Memorialists  think  tlie  Legislature 
ot  tile  Opulent  State  of  Pennsylvania,  have  the  most  i)o\verful  inducements  to 
(omply  with  their  Petitions,  by  passing  the  necessary  Acts,  to  enable  them  to 
recover  the  Arrears  of  the  Loan  OflTice  fund,  and  to  Krant  them  (in  Cash)  six 
thousand  iV  seventy  Kight  Pounds  55  to  settle  the  depending  Accounts,  repay  the 
Monies  they  have  borrowed,  and  to  hnish  and  furnish  the  buililin>;s. 

To  conclude,  Your  Memorialists  introduce  their  annual  Accounts  which  they 
submit  to  Your  Inspection,  and  as  by  removing  the  Seat  of  Government  to  Lan- 
caster, the  customary  visits  of  the  Members  to  the  Hospital,  may  be  rendered 
more  inconvenient  than  usal.  Your  .Memorialists  think  it  proper  to  express  their 
Willingness  to  meet  your  Enquiries  in  that,  or  in  any  place  you  will  please  to 
appoint,  and  to  attend  the  Visitations  You  may  order  to  the  Hospital,  under  any 
Modifications  you  may  think  fit  to  Approve. 

Signed  by  the  ManaRers. 
Pennsvlvania  HiisiMTAi,,  1 2th  month  141I1,  1799. 

The  above  was  presented  at  Lancaster  by  Saml.  Coates,  who  went 
there  as  a  Committee  of  one  for  that  purpose. 
Final  .adjust  .Acting  imder  the  authority  of  a  special  Act  of  the  Legislature  of 

ment  of  Loan  Pennsylvania,  passed  in  1804,  an  amicable  adjustment  and  final  settle- 
ment of  the  account  between  the  Commonwealth  and  the  Managers, 
acting  as  'i'rustees  of  the  Loan  Office  Fund,  was  made.  The  minutes 
of  the  Managers'  Meeting,  held  June  25,  1804,  contain  the  fol- 
lowing report  of  the  Managers'  Committee  on  the  Loan  Office  Fund, 
which  was  accepted  and  the  Commitle  discharged  : 

The  above  account  haviny  been  settled  agreably  to  a  special  Act  of  Assembly, 
made  for  the  purpose  at  the  last  Session,  the  Managers  consider  themselves  free 
from  blame  on  account  of  any  deductions  that  have  been  made  from  jur>''s  ver- 
dict, that  was  given  in  their  favor,  for  S5031. 36-100.  They  likewise  hold  them- 
selves clear  of  the  Surplus  Money,  they  recovered  by  the  verdict,  which  has  been 
appropriated  under  the  .^ct,  and  not  paid  to  their  Treasurer,  but  inasmuch  as  the 
Comptroller  and  Register  General  have  disallowed  the  charge  of  5133.28-100  made 
by  Charles  Chauncey  for  his  Commission  of  2'a  per  cent.,  which  the  Managers 
think  a  reasonable  charge  for  his  trouble  in  the  business,  and  which  by  capital 
Contract  they  .agreed  to  allow  him,  they  request  the  Committee  before  they 
receive  the  balance,  to  write  again  to  the  Controller,  t"t  propose  to  him  a  recon- 
sideration of  this  item  of  the  Account ;  and  if  on  a  representation  of  the  Case,  he 
should  still  reject  the  Charge,  the  Committee  are  then  to  accept  the  balance  of 
1567  Dollars  &  83  cents  ;  the  necessity  of  submitting  to  the  Act  being  obvious, 
altho  in  this  Instance  the  operation  of  it  appears  unreasonable,  and  meets  with 
the  dis.tpprobation  of  all  the  Man.agers. 

In  consequence  of  the   fact  that  they  had   collected   the  entire 
amount,  the  Legislature  by  Act  of  April  4,  1805,  directed  a  re-assign- 
Charity   ment  of  the  remaining  mortgages  and  other  securities. 
Sermon  by  ry^^  j^^^    George  Whitfield,   a  dissenting   clergyman,  of  great 

Rev.  George  ,      ,  ...  ,  .  ^  ..,,.,  1 

Whitfield    oratorical  ability,  came  to  this  country  from  England,  in    the  early 

262 


Bfiiefit  of  the 
Hospital. , 


days  of  the  province  and  held  revival  services,  which  created  great 
popular  excitement.  As  one  of  the  substantial  results  of  his  preaching 
there  was  built  for  him  in  Philadelphia  one  of  the  largest  churches 
then  in  the  colonies.  He  is  said  to  have  preached  while  here  to  an 
audience  of  15,000  persons.  After  a  successful  tour  in  the  South,  he 
returned  to  this  city,  where,  prior  to  his  departure  for  Europe,  he 
preached  in  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church,  Sunday,  October  22,  1764, 
a  Charity  Sermon  for  the  benefit  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  taking 
his  text  from  Rom.  vii.  4.  The  amount  realized,  including  his  per- 
sonal contribution  of  five  pounds,  was  j£iT4.  14.  o.  (or  J465.86). 

On  March  2d,  1786,  the  Managers  received  word  that  Mr.  Noah  f;,jai, 
Webster  had  made  a  public  offer  in  one  of  the  newspapers  to  give  a  Webster 
benefit  lecture  on  the  English  Language,  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Li--ctures  for 
provided  he  was  waited  on  for  that  purpose.  The  Board  agreed  to 
accept  this  offer,  and  Josiah  Hewes  and  Reynold  Keen  were 
appointed  to  wait  on  Mr.  Webster  and  acquaint  him  therewith,  and 
also  to  thank  him,  in  the  name  of  the  Board,  for  his  politeness.  The 
following  notice  was  read  : 

"  Next  Tuesday  evening  at  7  o'clock,  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Mr. 
Webster  author  of  the  Grammatical  Institute  will  begin  to  read  a  short  course  of 
lectures  on  the  English  Language,  and  on  education  in  general.  Tickets  for  the 
whole  course  (of  si.\  lectures)  at  15.?  and  for  an  evening  39,  sold  by  M.  Carey  & 
Co.  R.  Aitken  and  F.  Bailey,  at  their  Printing  offices.  A  seventh  Lecture  will,  if 
requested,  be  delivered  for  the  benefit  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  The  even- 
ings i)roposed  for  the  Lectures  are  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdaj'S." 

As  Mr.  Webster  generouslycomply'd  with  the  request  of  this  Board  in  giving 
a  Lecture  for  the  benefit  of  this  Institution  Josiah  Hewes  and  Reynold  Keen  are 
a]^pointed  to  collect  the  Money  arising  from  the  Sale  of  the  Tickets  and  pay  the 
same  to  the  Treasurer, 

The  Committee  for  collecting  the  money  for  the  tickets  sold  for 
attending  Webster's  lecture,  on  June  26,  1786,  reported  that  they  had 
received  the  entire  proceeds,  amounting  to  thirty-five  pounds,  two 
shillings,  six  pence. 

On  May  4,  1786,  "  a  Grand  Concert  of  Sacred  Music  "  was  given    sicred 
in  the  German  Reformed  Church  for  the  benefit  of  the  Pennsylvania  Concert. 
Hospital,  Philadelphia  Dispensary,  and  the  Poor. 

The  Treasurer,  on  July  31,  1786  reported  that  Nathaniel  Falconer  and 
Reynold  Keen  had  paid  him  forty  one  pounds,  twelve  shillings  and  two  jjence,  or 
$110.95,  being  (one  third  of  ^124.  16.6)  our  proportion  of  the  proceeds  . Arising 
from  the  late  Concert  of  Sacred  Music  held  at  the  German  Reformed  CMuirch 
which  the  undertakers  agree  to  give  for  the  Use  of  this  Institution  for  whicli  they 
are  requested  to  return  the  Thanks  of  the  Board.  Financial 

Advantages 
Early  in  the  career  of  the  Hospital,  at  the  suggestion  of  Franklin,    tVom  Charity 

who  fully  appreciated  the  value  of  small  things  and  the  maxim  with   Boxes. 

263 


regard  to  "  takiii},'  care  of  the  pence,"  it  was  agreed  to  liave  ••  Cliarity 
Boxes  "  made  and  set  up  to  receive  the  donations  of  such  as  may  be 
willing  to  give  anything  towards  this  jnirpose.  Hugh  Roberts  and 
Saml.  Rhoads  were  appointed  a  committee  to  have  ihcm  made. 

Under  date  of  P'ebniary  ist,  1753,  it  is  noted  in  the  minutes  : 

Colli-itioMs  Twflvf  Till  Boxis  willi  tiK- words  "  Charity  hok  tiik  Huspitai.  "  paiiuecl 

by  Charity    ""  them  In  ko'<I  litti-rs  bi-iiiK  now  pri'paricl.  each  of  the  niaiia);iTS  pri-si-nt  aKrvcd 

Boxis.     t>>  take  one  of  ihem  to  lie  put  up  in  his  House  in  order  to  Collect  Money    for  the 

Hospital ;  the  Board  was  informed  that  William  Leech  paint<  ■!  th<s<-  Hnvi  s  and 

pro^vi<led  ye  Gold  at  his  own  expense  gratis. 

Dr.  Franklin  in  speaking  of  these  boxes  in  his  iiook,  ''Some 
.Account  of  the  Hosi)ital,  etc.,  1754,"  says: 

One  Box  for  each  Manager,  to  be  put  up  in  his  House,  ready  to  receive 
casual  Benefactions,  in  Imitation  of  a  good  Custom  practised  in  some  foreign 
Countries,  where  these  kind  of  Boxes  are  frequent  in  Shops,  Stores,  and  other 
Places  of  Business,  and  into  which  the  buyer  and  Seller  (when  difTerent  Prices 
are  proposed  I  often  agree  to  throw  the  Difference,  instead  of  Splitting  it:  In 
which  the  Successful  in  Trade  sometimes  piously  deposit  a  part  of  their  extra- 
ordinary Cains,  and  Magistrates  throw  their  petty  Fees  :  a  Custom  worthy  of 
Imitation.  But  these  Boxes  among  us  have  produced  but  little  for  the  Hospital  as 
yet,  not  through  want  of  Charity  in  our  People,  but  from  their  being  unac(|uainted 
with  the  Nature  and  Design  of  them. 

The  latter  remark  was  premature,  having  been  made  but  a  short 
time  after  the  bo.xes  were  ])ut  ii])  and  their  purpose  not  being  fully 
understood,  the  public  had  not  become  accustomed  to  seeing  nor 
jierhaps  thinking  of  this  innovation,  but  it  apjjeared  that  in  due 
course  of  time  considerable  sums  were  thus  collected.  The  following 
entries  will  show  some  of  the  benefits  derived  from  this  source. 

"  Jan'y  26,  1765,  There  was  collected  from  the  Charity  Box  of 
\Vm.  Coleman's  -£2  \Gs.  S/'i'^-  by  Samuel  C.  Rhoads  and  Joseph  Morris; 
this  amount  was  handed  to  the  Matron  to  be  accounted  for  in  house- 
hold expenses."  The  same  day  was  paid  to  the  Matron  ^3  j6s.  8</., 
cash  received  from  the  .Assembly's  Charity  Box  by  Daniel  Roberdeau 
and  delivered  to  John  Reynell  for  the  use  of  the  Hospital.  Also 
•'  paid  2s.  -jd.  to  the  Matron,  cash  found  in  the  Charity  Box  of  the 
Hospital." 

It  is  stated  May  3,  1765,  ''that  Benjamin  Marsh  was  paid  Ten 
shillings  for  a  large  Charity  Box,"  where  this  was  placed,  or  for  what 
purposes,  is  not  mentioned  ;  it  may  be  inferred  that  it  was  for  the  hall 
or  door  at  the  Hospital,  the  small  one  then  in  use  having  been  found 
insufficient.  May  27,  1765,  this  item  occurs:  "By  cash  for  entrance 
money  at  the  door  j[^\  t,s.  S/i'^-"  An  item  is  charged. Vjiril  25,  1790  : 
"  Paid  for  Books.  Ink.  Postage  and  painting  Charity   Boxes  j(^2  jis. 

264 


g}4(i-,"  thus  showing  that  these  receptacles  were  kept  in  good  order 
and  received  the  necessary  attention  to  make  them  attractive  and 
conspicuous  to  the  public. 

On  the  recommendation  of  the  Committee  on  internal  economy, 
June  29,  1812,  a  notice  was  placed  over  the  Charity  Box  as  follows: 
•'  Money  not  to  be  given  by  visitors  to  servants  or  patients,"  to  pre- 
vent if  possible  the  charitably  disposed  persons  from  giving  money  to 
the  inmates  instead  of  depositing  it  in  the  box. 

The  aggregate  amount  of  money  received  from  the  Charity  Boxes 
kept  in  the  Hospital  and  at  the  residences  of  Managers  and  other 
friends  of  the  Institution,  was  §19,093.44,  up  to  the  year  1845,  ^  ^^^ 
minutes  record.  Several  old  time  Charity  Boxes  are  yet  to  be  seen 
in  the  wards  of  the  Hospital,  in  which  small  amounts  are  still  occa- 
sionally deposited. 

Before  the  invention  of  the  numbering  machines,  and  fac-siniile   si"iiiiiK  Bills 
reproductions  of  signatures,  it  was  necessary  in  the  early  days  when    of  Cndit. 
jjaper  currency  was  issued  by  the  Province,  to  employ  persons  to  sign 
the  bills.     (See  also  page  49.)     The  Managers,  ever  on   the  alert   to 
secure  contributions  for  the  Hospital,  saw  an  opportunity  for  securing 
money  and  addressed  the  Legislature  as  follows  : 

In  tlie  second  Month  (Fcbnuiry)  1754.  a  Bill  lyinj;  before  the  House  of 
.■Assembly,  for  remitting  and  continuing  the  Currency  of  the  Bills  of  Credit  of  this 
Province,  and  for  striking  a  further  Sum,  the  following  Proposal  was  laid  before 
the  House,  viz. 

To   thf   RrprrSfti/aih't's   0/  the  F'reeturu   of  the    I'rovim  e   of  /'fniisfirtifiui,    in 
Geinral  Assembly  iinl : 

We  the  Subscribers  being  jjersuaded,  that  the  same  charitable  Disposition 
which  induced  the  House  of  Representatives  some  Time  ago  to  found  an  Hospital 
for  the  relief  of  the  Sick  Poor.  etc.  will  still  incline  them  to  promote  all  proper 
Measures  to  render  to  so  laud.ible  an  Institution  the  most  e.xtensive  Service,  with 
this  View  we  offer  to  sign  the  Paper  Bills  of  Credit  proposed  to  be  issued  by  the 
Law  now  under  Consideration,  and  we  will  contribute  such  Sums  of  Money  as 
may  by  Law  become  due  to  us  for  that  Service,  towards  increasing  the  Capital 
-Stock  of  the  said  Hospital,  or  to  be  applied  in  such  other  Manner,  for  the  L'ses 
thereof,  as  the  Managers  may  think  most  proper. 

Submitted  with  all  due  Respect  to  the  Consideration  of  the  House,  By 
William  Logan  Jas.  Pemberton  Joseph  King  Jona.  Evans 

George  Spofford        John  Pole  Jos.  Fo.v  Jos.  Saunders 

Judah  Foulke  Thos.  Say  Thos.  Crosby  Israel  Jones 

Will.  Parr  Is.  Cireenleafe  Johti  .Xrniitt  l>anl.  Williams 

Sam.  Hazard. 

Many  of  tiie  signers  of  this  proposal,  it  will  be  noticed,  were 
also  contributors.  As  might  have  been  expected,  the  measure  was 
strongly  antagonized  by  the  jjoliticians  of  the  day,  and  as  the  bill 
failed  to  pass,  nothing  was  obtained  at  this  time. 

265 


The  Managers  and  Contributors  subsequently  succeeded  in  their 
efforts  to  obtain  money  from  this  source.  In  a  report  made  by  the 
Building  C'oniniittee  on  February  23,  1756,  it  is  stated, 

"On  ixaniiiiiiiK  tlie  funds  appropriated  towards  building,  llii'  total  amount 
thereof  appears  to  be  about  jC^ooo  exclusive  of  the  suliscriptions  promised  from 
the  signers  of  the  paper  money  lately  emitted,  which  will  be  about  /"sso." 

The  Managers  for  the  ensuing  month  (July,  1757)  were  desired 
to  procure  an  Order  on  the  Provincial  Treasurer  from  the  Signers  of 
the  late  ^45,000,  Rills  of  Credit  of  this  Province  for  the  simi  due 
to  them  by  the  Act  of  Assembly,  which  they  generously  promised  to 
contribute  towards  building  the  Hospital. 

Israel  Pemberton  informed  the  board  thai 

"On  the  twenty-first  of  April,  1759,  he  received  from  .Saml.  Preston  Moore, 
the  Provincial  Treas'r.  four  hundred  &  seventy  pounds  eleven  shillings  and  six- 
pence and  paid  the  same  to  H.  Roberts,  our  Treas'r.  beinn  the  allowance  due  by 
law  to  the  Siyners  of  the  one  thousand  pounds  Bills  of  Credit  List  emitted  which 
they  have  generously  contributed  towards  the  building  of  the  Hospital,  .^nd  as 
it  w.as  some  time  since  agreed  that  as  soon  as  the  said  Money  was  received  by  our 
Treas'r.  he  should  |iut  the  same  to  Interest  in  order  to  replace  the  five  hundred 
pounds  Capital  Stock  paid  in  by  John  Baily,  and  since  made  use  of  in  discharging 
the  Debts  due  on  the  Building  account,  the  Board  was  informed  by  Israel  Pem- 
berton that  the  Treasurer  on  the  twenty-third  of  April,  1759,  lent  the  Sum  to 
Andrew  Doz,  for  which  he  hath  given  a  Bond  payable  in  twelve  months." 

Signers  of  ^"  ^^^^  ''  '7^*'  ^^^  following  entry  occurs: 

Paper  Money.  "  Cash  received  from  signers  of  the  paper  money  /'166  ys.  grf.  and  on  May  3, 

1765,  By  cash  received  of  Samuel  Preston  Moore,  Provincial  Treasurer,  Pursuant 
to  an  order  of  the  signers  of  the  last  Emission  of  Pai)er  Currency,  ^601  2S.  6rf." 

A  very  interesting  document  was  found  among  the  old  pajjcrs 
which  will  show  the  magnitude  of  the  labor  involved  in  signing  bills 
at  this  time,  as  well  as  the  ,Tm()unl  realized  by  each  individual  signer; 
the  paper  is  worded  as  follows  : 

"A  list  of  the  Signers  to  the  ^55,000  issued  in  the  year  1764,  with  the 
respective  sums  due  to  each  Person  ;  Who  by  their  order  dated  February,  1765, 
&  drawn  on  Samuel  Preston  Moore.  Provincial  Treasurer,  in  favour  of  Hugh 
Roberts,  treas'r.  of  the  Pennsilva.  Hospital  ;  Gave  the  same  to  the  Man.ngers  of 
said  Hospital,  to  be  by  them  .Applied,  for  the  payment  of  the  Consideration 
Money,  for  the  Lott  of  Ground  bought  of  James  Coult.is,  Esq.,  And  such  other 
purposes  as  the  said  Managers  should  direct." 

The  signers  were  paid  fifteen  shillings  per  thousand  signatures  for 
the  tickets  and  forty-five  shillings  for  the  same  quantity  for  the  bills. 

On  Oct  31,  1785,  the  Board  having  been  informed  that  "  the  signing  of  the  late 
emission  of  Paper  Money  is  compleated  and  that  as  the  persons  named  in  the 
Law  as  signees  had  promised  to  give  their  Wages  to  this  Institution,  Samuel 
Howell,  Josiah  Hewes,  Andrew  Doz  and  William  Hall,  are  appointed  a  Committee 
to  call  on  them  for  their  different  Orders  for  such  Wages  &  lodge  the  same  with 
the  Treasurer  to  be  bv  him  received  from  the  State  Treasurer." 

266 


The  Committee  were  as  a  rule  successful  in  canvassing  the  signers; 
liut  the  following,  on  Ajjril  30,  1787,  proved  an  exception  :  A  signer  of 

P3Dd'  Moiitv 
The  Committee  appointed  to  call  on as  the  first  delinquent  of        ''. 

the  kind,  for  the  Wages  he  received  for  signing  Paper  Money,  which  he  promised  ^ 

to  give  to  the  Hospital,  report  they  have  divers  times  waited  on   him   for  it   and 

he  declines  paying  the  same  ;  they  are  therefore  requested  to  call  on  him   again 

and   if  he  persists  in   refusing  to  pay  it,  they  are  recommended  to  take  such 

Measures  to  recover  the  Money  as  the  Exigence  of  the  Case  may  require. 

All  measures  which  were  thought  might  be  successful  in  bringing 
the  delinquent  to  terms  were  employed,  but  without  avail.  Subse- 
quently it  became  not  uncommon  to  refuse  to  pay  subscriptions;  and 
quite  a  long  list  of  these  delinquents  is  foinid  among  the  records  of 
the  Hospital. 

The  following  sums  were  received  from  the  signers  of  paper 
money  in  the  years  specified  and  the  statement  shows  to  what  extent 
the  Hospital  was  aided  from  this  source  : 

/      J.    d.  £     s.    d. 

1757—684  i«  9  1773—  54   o  o 

1758—360   o  o  1773—245   o  o^ 

'759—470  "  6  1775—286  14  9 

1760—156  19  6  1787—144   2  5 

1762 — 166   7  6  1787 —  44   4  o 

1765 — 601   2  6  

3214   O  IIJ-z 

As  an  item  of  historical  interest,  it  is  noted  that  the  Physicians  of  Charitable 
the  Hospital  charitably  supplied  the  inmates  with  medicines  gratis  ^^o'^"^"- 
until  December,  1752,  when  an  assortment  of  drugs  were  procured 
from  London  at  a  cost  of  ^112  \^s.  2j^ti.  sterling,  to  pay  for  which 
William  Griffiths,  a  Manager,  made  a  special  appeal  to  the  "  rich 
widows  and  other  single  women"  for  a  subscription.  The  widows 
contributed  ^i  II  5^-.  Gd.  and  sundry  women  ^15  loi-.,  making  a 
total  of  ;^i26  I5J-.  6d.  in  currency. 

It  becatne  quite  popular  among   the  charitable   to   donate    fees,    Fees  and 
etc.,  received  for  public  services,  to  the  Hospital.    Among  these,  Jury   Fnies 

r  ■        J  r    n  »  -^  '      CoMtrihuted. 

fees  were  received  as  follows,  to  wit : 

1766 —  I        5       o 

1767 —  2       14        o 

Total,      16       4       7 

The  Underwriters  at  Wharton  &  Lewis'  Insurance  Office,  in  1  792, 
gave  their  fines,  amounting  to  jC^cj  "js.  41/. 

Assignees  also  contributed.  Robert  Wain.  Jr.,  and  Mordecai 
Lewis  Freas,  in  1792,  gave  their  commissions  as  Assignees  of  a  bank- 
rupt's estate  to  the  Hospital.  ^181  SJ.  each,  or  together  ^362  los.  01/. 

267 


/ 

i.  rf. 

1762—  3 

13  7 

1763—  I 

'3  0 

1764—  6 

7  0 

1765—  0 

12   0 

An  act  of  swift,  retril)utive  justice,  by  which  the  Hospital 
l>enefited  pecuniarily,  is  commemorated  by  this  curious  entry  in  the 
Treasurer's  accoimts : 

Thirty  ilo'lars  reciiveil  tin- ,v>t'' o'  5  nio.  last  liHixil  from  thri-c-  wanKoiu-rs 
will)  insulted  eifjlu  persons  nn  thf  Wissaliiccoii  road  and  fri)»l'tinfd  tlK'ir  liorsi-s, 
accomjianifd  with  a  full  aoknowlcd^jnuMU  in  writing  of  lliuir  trans>;rfssion  and  a 
promise  to  demean  themselves  well  in  future  and  never  to  insult  a  traveller 
a^ain,  on  condition  the  injured  jiarty  would  forgive  and  not  prosecute  them, 
to  which  they  agreed  on  the  Waggoners  pa\'ing  this  contrihulion  as  a  peace 
offering. 

liius\ial  An  unusual  source  ot  a.  donation  to  the  Hospital  is  mentioned  in 

Donations,   the  records  for  April  25,  1808.     The  Managers  ordered  the  following 
entered  upon  their  minutes: 

Ti)  TUK  M,vn.v<;krs  ok  THK  I'KNNSVI.V.KNI.X  HoSlMT.VI.. 

(,'inHfnii>i.^\n  Compliance  with  the  request  of  Ooverncur  Morris,  I  have 
the  pleasure  0I  enclosnig,  lor  your  benevolent  Institution,  a  Check  lor  Two 
hundred  and  Nineteen  dollars,  being  the  Damages  recovered  by  him  from  the 
Editors  of  the  ".Aurora"  in  a  Suit  for  a  Libel,  after  deducting  the  K.\penses 
incurred  in  the  Prosecution  thereof. 

With  great  respect.  I  am  Your  Obedient  Servant. 

Wii.i.iwi   Mkkkiiitii. 
Walnut  St.,  April  i6th,  i.SoK. 

(April  24,  1S15)  A  Letter  was  received  and  read  Irnni  Henry  Drinker,  C:isliiii 
of  the  Bank  of  North  .■\merica,  to  the  Secy,  enclosing  a  Twenty  Dollar  note  of 
that  Bank  which  he  represents  was  found  on  the  floor  sometime  la,st  summer  it 
remaining  unclaimed  he  now  presents  the  same  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
subject  to  the  Claim  of  any  Person  who  may  identify  and  claim  the  loss.  The 
Secy,  is  desired  to  pay  the  anmutit  to  the  Tre.lsurer  and  return  the  thanks  of 
the  Board  to  the  Cashier. 

The  Hospital  Since    the   Act   of  Ajtril,  1796,  making  an  additional   grant  to 

entirely   finish  the  west  wing  and  center  of  the  I'ine  .Street  Hos])ital,  the  insti- 

depen<lent    j„tiQ,^  \^^  jj^g,,  entirely  supported  by  donations,  legacies,  and  be([uests 

donations   ''"'''"  private  sources.     No  legislative  grants   have  been  made  during 

from  private    the  ])resent  century. 

sources  for 

support.  Legacies  intended  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  Pennsylvania 

Hospital  should  be  given  in  its  corjjorate  name,  viz.  :  "I  hereby  give 
and  bequeath  to  '  The  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  ' 
and  their  successors  and  assigns  forever  (if  real  estate)  all  that,  etc. 
(if  personal  property),  the  sum  of,  etc." 

Legacies  intended  for  the  Department  of  the  Insane  should 
si)ecify  in  addition  "  to  be  devoted  to  e.xtending  or  improving  the 
accommodations,  and  for  the  care  of  the  insane." 

Every  contribution  or  legacy  of  $5,000  adds  one  free  bed  to  the 
number  already  in  use  for  indigent,  recent  and  supposed  curable, 
cases. 

268 


REAL  ESTATE. 

The  first  piece  of  real  estate  owned  by  the  Hospital  was  located    Matthias 
in  the  jiart  of  the  city  known  as  Northern  Liberties,  on  Gerniantown    Ki.piin's 
Road.     It   was  donated  by  Matthias  Koplin,  September  2,   1751,  as   ^''"■ 
his  contribution,  accompanied  by  a  complimentary  letter  (see  page  26). 
This  was  leased  for  a  time,  until  the  Managers,  July  30,  1764,  agreed 
to  let  upon  ground-rent. 

November  6,  1776,  Mary  Reyboltl  offered  to  take  upon  Grouiul-ient  at  Forty- 
five  shillings  per  Annum,  the  Lot  given  to  the  Hospital  by  Matthias  Koplin  for 
£yj.  \as.  provided  she  can  have  the  Liberty  of  purchasing  it  in  seven  years.  The 
proposal  being  agreeable  to  the  Managers  it  was  agreed  to  call  a  Meeting  of  the 
Contributors,  in  order  to  lay  the  ])roposal  before  them  li>r  their  innsideration.  on 
December  6,  1776. 

The  Contributors  agreed  : 

That  the  Managers  or  a  board  of  them  should  execute  under  their  Hands  & 
the  Seal  of  the  Corporation  a  deed  of  Conveyance  to  Mary  Reybold  &  her 
Heirs  for  the  lot  of  ground  in  the  Northern  Liberties  of  the  City  near  Gerniantown 
the  Gift  of  Matthias  Koplin  on  the  terms  reported  by  the  Managers  in  their  nnn- 
ute  of  November  6,  1776. 

The   first  real  estate  purchased  by  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl-   y\\-a  I'ur- 
vania  Hospital  was  the  site  for  the  erection  of  the  Hospital  buildings,    chase  of 

On    September    11,    1754,    they   learned    that    Society   Square,    Real  Estate, 
extending  from   Eighth  to  Ninth,  and   north  from  Pine  Street,  could 
be  obtained  for  ;^6oo.      It  was  subsequently  ascertained  that  the  offer 
of  sale  was  limited  to  the  holdings  of  William  Hinton  and   Richard 

269 


(injiiiicl  lipf 

Hospital  Site 

Purcliasfd 


Parker,  396  feet  on  Pine  Street,  from  Eighth  to  Ninth  Streets,  and 
366  feet  northward  to  a  strij)  of  ground  on  Spruce  Street.  This 
strip  on  Spruce  Street,  extending  396  feet  from  Eighth  to  Ninth,  and 
107  feet  southward,  belonged  to  the  Proprietaries,  Thomas  and  Richard 
Penn  (who  subsequently  donated  the  same  to  the  Hospital  by  patent, 
dated  November  10,  1 767).  The  Society  Square  was  bought  December 
7,  I  754 ;  the  sum  finally  paid  by  the  contributors  to  Hinlon  and  Parker, 
for  the  ground,  being  X5°°- 

The  area  of  ground  |)urchased  was  3-32+  acres  and  the  portion 
donated  by  the  Penns,  0.97  acres,  or  altogether  about  4.30  acres. 


J    L 


L 


KiKlilh  Slrei't 
473  I'cel 


i  "  Z  K 


2  Q 


w   s    -.   n 


366  fe« 


Society  Square. 

(Hiiiton  &  Parker's  Lot) 

Bought  by  Managers 

Dec.  7,  1754,  for  .^500 

as  a 

Hospital  Site 


•& 


Area  3. ,12  acres 


366  feet 


473  feet 
Ninth  Street 


Original  Purchase  for  Hospital  Site 

The  Deed  for  the  ground  purchased  reads  as  follows  : 

This  Indentcrk  made  the  fifteenth  Day  of  November  iti  the  ^'ear  nl  'Mir 
Lord  One  Thousand  Seven  hundred  and  fifty  four  between  Richard  Parker  <if  the 
City  of  Philadelphia  in  the  Provinceof  Pennsylvania,  Taylor,  and  William  Hinlon 
of  the  said  City,  Innholder,  and  Susannah  his  Wife,  of  the  One  Part,  and  the  Con- 
tributors to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  of  the  other  part :  Whekeas  in  and  by  a 
Certain  Act  of  General  .Assembly  of  the  said  Province  Intituled  "  An  Act  to 
encourage  the  Establishing  of  an  Hospital  for  the  Relief  of  the  Sick  Poor  of  this 
Province  and  for  the  Reception  and  Cure  of  Lunatics,"  the  Assembly  ol  the 
same  Province  for  the  further  encouragement  of  the  Beneficent  and  Pious  under- 


270 


taking  of  the  said  Hospital  did  f;rant  Two  Thousand  Pounds  for  the  Founding, 
Building  and  finishing  thereof  and  W'hereas,  hy  a  certain  Indenture  bearing  Deed  of 
date  the  Twenty-Eighth  Day  of  January  in  the  Year  One  Thousand  Seven  bun-  Hospital  lot 
dred  and  Twenty  four  Recorded  at  Philadelphia  in  Book  G.  \'ol  2  page  221  etc.  q„  Eighth  St. 
made  between  Charles  Read,  Job  Goodson,  Evan  Owen.  George  Fitzwaler  and 
Joseph  Pidgeon  then  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  aforesaid  Merchants  (Trustees 
appointed  by  an  Act  of  General  Assembly  of  the  said  Province  made  in  the  Ninth 
Year  of  the  Reign  of  the  late  King  George  the  First  Intituled  "  An  Act  for  vesting 
the  lands  and  Lots  commonly  called  the  Lands  of  the  Free  Society  of  Traders  in 
Pennsylvania  in  Trustees  to  be  sold  for  the  payment  of  such  sums  of  Money  as 
were  paid  into  the  public  Stock  of  the  said  Society  for  purchasing  the  said  Lands 
and  Lots  and  carrying  on  the  Trade  designed  by  tile  said  Society")  of  the  one 
part  and  Richard  Parker  then  of  Darby  in  the  County  of  Chester,  Yeoman,  (Who 
was  the  father  of  the  first  named  Richard  Parker)  of  the  other  part  They  the  said 
Trustees  for  the  consideration  therein  mentioned  did  grant  bargain  sell  and  con- 
firm unto  the  said  Richard  Parker  the  Elder  and  to  his  heirs  and  Assigns  ali, 
THAT  Lot  or  piece  of  ground  Situated  in  the  said  City  (belonging  to  the  said 
Society  and  then  vested  in  the  said  Trustees  by  virtue  of  the  said  Act)  Bounded 
Eastward,  with  the  Eighth  Street,  from  Delaware,  Three  hundred  and  Sixty  Six 
feet ;  Southward,  with  Pine  Street  three  hundred  and  Ninety  six  feet ;  Westw^ard, 
with  Ninth  Street,  from  Delaware  three  hundred  and  Sixty  Six  feet  and  North- 
ward, by  a  vacant  lot,  Three  hundred  and  Ninety  Six  feet ;  Containing  Three  Acres 
and  fifty  two  Perches  with  the  Appurtenances  to  hold  to  him  the  said  Richard 
Parker  the  Elder  his  Heirs  and  Assigns  forever.  And  Whf.reas  the  said  Richard 
Parker,  the  Elder,  and  Martha  his  Wife  by  Indenture  Dated  the  twenty  fifth  Day 
of  March  in  the  Year  One  Thousand  Seven  hundred  and  Twenty  five  for  the  con- 
sideration therein  mentioned  granted  one  full  and  equal  Moiety  or  half  part 
(being  the  Westernmost  part)  of  the  said  described  Lot  of  Ground  with  the 
Appurtenances  unto  David  Thomas  then  of  the  Township  of  Darby  aforesaid, 
Smith,  his  Heirs  and  .\ssigns  forever  who  with  Anna  his  Wife  by  Indenture  dated 
the  Twelfth  Day  of  May  in  the  year  One  Thousand  Seven  Hundred  and  forty  for 
the  consideration  therein  mentioned  granted  the  same  Moiety  or  equal  half  part 
of  the  said  Lot  of  Ground  with  the  appurtenances  unto  the  above  named  William 
Hinton  and  Jane  his  then  Wife  their  Heirs  and  Assigns  forever  As  in  and  by  the 
several  recited  Indentures  Relation  being  thereunto  Respectively  had  more  fully 
and  at  large  appears  and  the  said  Jane  the  Wife  of  the  said  William  Hinton, 
dying,  the  same  Moiety  of  the  said  Lot  devolved  upon  her  said  husband  William 
by  right  of  survivorship  :  and  Whereas,  the  said  Richard  Parker  the  Elder,  died 
seized  of  the  Eastermost  Moiety,  equal  half  part  or  residue  of  the  said  described 
Lot  of  Ground  with  the  Appurtenances  as  in  his  Estate  aforesaid  having  first 
made  his  last  Will  and  Testament  in  Writing  bearing  date  the  Twenty  Eighth 
day  of  the  Second  Month  called  .\\->r\\  in  the  year  One  Thousand  Seven  hundred 
and  thirty  six  And  therein  devised  the  same  unto  his  Son  the  said  Richard  Parker 
his  Heirs  and  .■\ssigns  forever  As  by  the  same  in  part  Recited  Last  Will  duly 
Proved  and  remaining  in  the  Register  General's  Office  at  Philadelphia  aforesaid 
appears  now  this  indenture  WITNESSETH  that  the  said  Richard  Parker  party 
hereto  William  Hinton  and  Susannah  his  Wife  for  and  in  consideration  of  the 
sum  of  Five  Hundred  Pounds  Current  Money  of  Pennsylvania  (part  of  the  afore- 
said Two  thousand  Pounds  granted  by  the  Assembly)  unto  them  in  hand  paid  by 
the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  aforesaid  at  and  before  the  Sealing 
and  Delivery  hereof,  The  Receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  have  and  each 
and  either  of  them  hath  granted  bargained  sold  aliened  enfeofled  released  and 
confirmed.  And  by  these  presents  Do  and  each  and  either  of  them  doth  grant 

271 


l):ir;(aiii  srll  aliiii  iiifi'iiO'ri'li-asiaii<I  conlirm  uiitii  the  said  Coiitrilnitiirslotlii'  I'liiii- 
iH'i'd  ol  sylvaiiia  I1i>spital  aforesaid  and  their  successors  forever  all  that  tlie  aforesaid  Lot 
<  )ri};inal  of  tlroviiid  Kraiited  in  and  liy  the  said  first  recited  Indenture  situated  l>i>iinde<l 
Hospital. Lot.  and  heiuK  as  aforesaid  and  cnntainiuK  in  the  whole  three  Acres  and  fifty  two 
perches  as  aforesaid  ToKether  also  with  all  and  singular  the  Streets  passages 
Waters  Watercourses  Rights  Menihers  Fences  Improvements  Hereditaments  an<l 
Appurtenances  whatsoever  thereunto  helouKinn  or  in  any  wise  appertaining  And 
the  Reversion  and  Reversions  Remain<ler  and  Remainders  Rents  Issues  and 
Profits  thereof  and  ol  every  part  thereof  And  Also  all  the  Kstate  and  Kslatcs  part 
and  parts  Ri){ht  Title  and  Interest  I'se  |)ossession  property  Claim  and  Demand 
whatsoever  of  them  or  any  or  either  of  them  the  said  Richard  Parker  parly 
hereto  William  Hinton  and  Susannah  his  wife  either  in  Law  or  Rquity  or  otherwise 
howsoever  of  in  to  or  out  of  all  and  singular  the  Premises  Together  with  the 
said  Recited  Indentures  to  have  and  to  hold  the  aforesaid  described  Lolof  {IroumI 
(.'ontaininn  Three  Acres  and  Fifty  two  Perches  Hereditaments  and  premises  hereby 
granted  bargained  and  sold  or  mentioned  or  intended  so  to  be  with  their  and 
every  of  their  A|)purtenances  unto  the  said  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  aforesaid  and  their  Successors  forever  To  and  for  the  use  of  the  said 
contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  aforesaid  and  their  Successors  forever 
under  the  yearly  Quit  Rent  hereafter  accruing  for  the  hereby  granted  Premises 
To  the  Chief  Lord  or  Lords  of  the  Fee  thereof  and  the  said  Richar<l  Parker  parly 
hereto  doth  covenant  promise  and  t;rant  for  him  and  his  heirs  That  he  and  his 
Heirs  the  Kastermost  Moiety  or  eipial  half  part  of  the  said  described  Lot  of 
dround  Hereditaments  and  Premises  hereby  Krante<l  or  mentioned  to  be  ^ranteil 
with  the  Appurtenances  unto  the  said  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
and  their  Successors  ajjainst  him  the  said  Richard  Parker  party  hereto  and  his 
Heirs  and  all  and  every  other  person  or  persons  whatsoever  lawfully  claiming  or 
to  claim  by  from  or  under  him  them  or  any  of  them  or  by  from  or  under  his  said 
late  Father  Richard  Parker  deceased  shall  and  will  warrant  and  forever  defend 
by  these  presents.  And  the  said  William  Hinton  Doth  covenant  for  him  and  his 
heirs  That  he  and  his  heirs  the  Westeriuost  Moiety  or  equal  half  part  of  the  said 
<lescribed  tract  of  (Ironnd  hereditaments  and  Premises  hereby  jtr^'Hed  or 
mentioned  to  be  jtranled  with  the  .Appurtenances  unto  the  said  contributors  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  aforesai<l  and  their  Successors  against  him  the  said 
William  Hinton  and  his  heirs  and  against  the  said  Susannah  his  Wife  and  against 
all  and  every  other  person  or  persons  whatsoever  lawfully  claiming  or  to  claim 
by  from  or  under  him  her  them  or  any  of  them  shall  and  will  warrant  and  forever 
defend  by  these  presents  and  the  said  Richard  Parker  party  hereto  and  William 
Hinton  for  themselves  their  Heirs  K.vecutors  and  .■\dministrators  severally  and 
not  jointly  or  one  for  the  other  do  covenant  promise  and  grant  to  and  with  the 
said  contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  aforesaid  and  their  successors  by 
these  presents  That  they  the  said  Richard  Parker  party  hereto  and  William  Hinton 
and  their  Heirs  respectively  and  all  and  every  other  person  and  persons  whom 
soever  lawfully  claiming  or  that  shall  or  may  so  have  or  claim  any  Kstate  Right 
Title  or  Interest  of  in  or  to  the  hereby  granted  premises  or  any  part  or  i)arcel 
thereof  by  from  or  under  them  or  any  or  either  of  them  shall  and  will  at  any  time 
or  times  hereafter  at  and  upon  the  reasonable  request  Proper  Costs  and  Charges 
in  the  law  of  the  said  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  aforesaid  or 
their  Successors  make  execute  and  acknowledge  or  cause  so  to  be  all  and  every 
such  further  or  other  reasonable  Act  and  Acts  Deed  or  Deeds  Device  or  Devices 
in  the  Law  Whatsoever  for  the  further  and  better  Assurance  and  confirmation  of 
the  said  described  Lot  of  dround  Hereilitaments  and  Premises  hereby  granted 
or  mentioned  to  be  granted  with  the  appurtenances  unto  the  said  Contributors  to 


tile  F^fiinsylvania  Hospital  aforesaid  and  tlieir  successors  as  by  them  or  their 
Counsel  learned  in  the  law  shall  be  reasonably  devised  advised  or  required,  in 
witness  whereof  the  said  parties  to  these  presents  have  Interchangeably  Set  their 
Hands  and  Seals  Dated  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

Richard  Parkkr  [skal] 
Susanna  Hinton  [seal] 

his 
Wii-liam  X  Hinton  [seal] 
mark 
At  a  meeting  held  September  28,  1765,  the  Warrant  for  the  lot 
"bounded   107  feet  on  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets   and  396  feet  on 
Spruce  Street,"  above  referred  to,  as  the  gift  from  the  Proprietaries  to 
the  Hospital,  was  produced.    It  was  signed  by  Governor  Penn  and  was 
addressed  to  the  Surveyor-General.      The  patent  was  finally  presented 
to  the  Managers,  at  a  Meeting  held   November  30,  1767.     It  is  as 
follows  : 

Thomas  Penn  and  Richard  Penn  Esquires  true  and  absolute  Proprietaries  -pj^g  Penns 
and  Governors  in  Chief  of  the  province  of  Pennsylvania  and  Counties  of  New-  pQ„ate  lot 
castle  Kent  and  Sussex  upon  Delaware  To  all  unto  whom  these  presents  shall  ^^  Spruce 
come  Greeting  ;  Whereas  in  pursuance  of  a  Warrant  under  the  Seal  of  our  Land  gtreet. 
Office  bearing  Date  the  twelfth  Day  of  September  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  One 
thousand  Seven  hundred  and  sixty  five  there  was  surveyed  on  the  third  Day 
of  November  One  thousand  seven  hundred  and  sixty  six  to  the  Contributors  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  a  certain  Lot  of  Ground  situate  on  the  South  Side  of 
Spruce  Street  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  and  between  the  eightli  and  ninth 
Streets  from  Delaware  Containing  in  breadth  respectively  on  the  said  eighth  and 
nintli  Streets  one  hundred  and  seven  feet  and  in  length  on  Spruce  Street  three 
hundred  and  ninety-six  feet  Bounded  Northward  with  Spruce  Street,  Eastward 
with  Eighth  Street  aforesaid.  Southward  with  ground  belonging  to  the  said  Hos- 
pital and  Westward  with  Ninth  Street  aforesaid  As  by  the  said  Warrant  and 
Survey  thereof  remaining  in  the  Surveyor  Generals  Office  and  from  thence  certified 
into  our  Secretaries  Office  more  fully  appear,  Now  Know  Ye  that  for  and  in  con- 
sideration of  the  Sum  of  five  Shillings  lawful  Money  of  Pennsylvania  to  our  Use 
paid  by  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  aforesaid  (The  receipt 
whereof  is  hereby  Acknowledged)  And  of  the  yearly  Quit  Rent  herein  after  men- 
tioned and  reserved  We  Have  given  granted  released  and  confirmed  and  by  these 
presents  for  us  our  heirs  and  Successors  do  give  grant  release  and  confirm  unto 
the  said  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  their  Successors  All  that 
said  herein  before  described  Lot  or  Piece  of  Ground  Together  with  all  and  sin- 
gular the  Buildings  Improvements  Ways  Alleys  Passages  Waters  Water  Courses 
Rights  Liberties  Privileges  Hereditaments  and  Appurtenances  whatsoever  there- 
unto belonging  or  in  any  wise  appertainin.g  And  the  Reverson  and  Reversions 
Remainder  and  Remainders  thereof  To  Have  .'Vnd  To  Hold  the  said  described  lot 
or  piece  of  Ground  Hereditaments  and  Premises  hereby  granted  or  mentioned  so 
to  be  with  the  Appurtenances  unto  the  said  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  and  tlieir  Successors  To  the  only  Use  and  Behoof  of  the  said  Contribu- 
tors to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  their  Successors  for  ever  To  Be  Holden  of 
us  our  heirs  and  Successors  Proprietaries  of  Pennsylvania  as  of  our  Manor  of 
Springetsbury  in  the  County  of  Philadel|)hia  in  free  and  common  Soccage  by  Fealty 
only  in  Lieu  of  all  other  services  Yielding  and  Paying  therefore  yearly  unto  us  our 

273 


Hi-irs  aiid  Successors  at  tht-  City  of  I'liiliuU-lpliia  aPd  at  or  upon  tlu-  first  day  of 
March  in  evt-ry  year  from  the  first  day  of  March  last  Five  Shillings  SterhiiK  Money 
of  Great  Britain  or  V'alue  thereof  in  Coin  current  accorihnuas  the  KxclianKe  shall 
then  be  between  our  said  Province  and  the  City  of  London  to  such  person  or  per- 
sons as  shall  from  time  to  lime  be  appointed  to  receive  the  same  And  in  Case  of 
Nonpayment  thereof  within  ninety  Days  next  after  the  same  shall  become  due 
that  then  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  us  our  heirs  and  Successors  our  and  their 
Receiver  or  Receivers  into  and  ii|)on  the  hereby  Rranteil  Lot  of  ground  and  Premises 
hereby  granted  to  re-enter  and  the  same  to  hold  and  possess  until  the  said  Quit 
Rent  and  all  Arrears  thereof  together  with  the  charges  accruing  by  means  of  such 
Nonpayment  and  Reentry  be  fully  paid  ami  discharged  Witness  John  Penn  Ksqr. 
Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  said  province  who  by  virtue  of  certain  powers  from 
the  said  Proprietaries  hath  hereunto  set  his  hand  and  caused  the  Great  Sea!  to  be 
affixed  at  Philadelphia  this  Tenth  Day  of  November  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One 
thousand  Seven  hundred  and  Sixty  Seven  The  eighth  Year  of  the  Reign  of  King 
CU'orge  the  third  over  Great  Britain  &c.  And  the  fiftieth  Year  of  the  said  Proprie- 
taries' Govermiunt. 

John  Penn  (Seal) 

The  I'cnns  also  donated  to  tlie  Hospital,  by  patent  in  1769,  a  lot 
on  the  south   side  of  Spruce  Street  extending  southwardly  in  dc|)ih 
107  feet,  to  other  land  of  the   Hosjjital,  and   west  from  Ninth  Street 
198  feet. 
Western  Lot  O"  December  27,    1763,   the  Managers  learned  that  a  lease  for 

Leased,  thirteen  years  could  be  obtained  on  a  lot  (on  ])art  of  which  a  brick 
tenement  was  erected),  being  part  of  the  square  next  west  of  the 
Hospital  site,  "which  may  be  useful  for  a  pasture,"  etc.  A  committee, 
consisting  of  the  Treasurer  and  Jacob  Lewis,  was  appointed  to  use 
their  endeavors  to  get  it  secured  for  the  benefit  of  the  Hospital.  On 
January  31,  1764,  the  Managers  were  informed  by  the  committee 
that 

On  the  2ist  inst.,  William  Darvill,  ILittiv,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  executed  a 
Lease  to  the  Contributors  of  the  Hospital,  for  the  Western  two  thirds  of  one  of 
the  Society  Squares  with  the  Brick  tenement  thereon  situate  between  Ninth  ft 
Tenth  streets  396  feet  and  extending  from  Pine  St.  northward  366  ft.  (exclusive  of 
107  feet  belonging  to  the  Projirietaries)  for  thirteen  years  from  20th  of  March 
next  at  the  rate  of  twenty  five  pounds  per  annum,  with  the  condition,  if  he 
should  be  inclined  to  sell  the  said  Lot  and  House,  that  the  Contributors  and  their 
successors  shall  have  the  offer  thereof  preferable  to  any  other  Person  under  the 
Penalty  of  One  thousand  pounds. 

As  some  difficulties  were  experienced  by  the  Managers  in  obtain- 
ing possession  of  the  lot  taken  upon  lease  of  William  Darvill,  and  a 
favorable  ojiportunity  offered  of  jnirchasing  it,  the  Committee  who 
transacted  that  affair  reported  (June  27,  1764) 

they  have  purchased  the  same  for  /"500  and  that  the  title  is  vested  in  Isaac  Jones, 
Thomas  Gordon,  Jacob  Lewis  and  Thomas  Wharton  in  trust  for  such  uses  as  the 
Managers  for  the  time  being  may  direct. 

274 


On  February  24,  1766,  the  Managers  were  informed  that  Mary 
Ayres  had  expressed  an  inclination  to  dispose  of  her  lot  contiguous  Western  Lot 
to  that  purchased  of  William  Darvill.  A  committee,  consisting  of  ''""■"-'•'ased. 
Jacob  Lewis  and  Thomas  Wharton,  was  appointed  to  treat  with  her 
and  purchase  the  same  and  report  to  next  Board,  provided  she  agrees 
to  take  the  sum  she  has  mentioned  of  about  ^^300.  The  committee 
reported  March  26,  1766: 

that  Mary  Ayres  demanded  a  price  for  her  Lot  so  much  exceeding  the  Sum  men- 
tioned in  the  minute  of  last  month  they  have  not  been  able  to  make  an  agreement 
with  her,  therefore  the  board  declines  any  further  treaty  at  present. 

J    I . . I    L 


Ninth  Street 
473  feet 


107  feet 

366  feet 

"1 

0 

Mary  Ayres'  Lot 

1 

4' 

0 

> 

'c 

William  Darvill's 

rt 

Lilts  bought  by  Managers 

■z 

of  Hospital 

0 

June  27,  1704 
for  ^500 

M 

1 

!■  7  l.tl 

.;h6  feet 

A-?,  leet 
I'lUh  Slrect 


Authorities 
to  Exchange 
Property. 


Plan  of  Society  Square,  West  ot  Hospital. 

On   August    26,    1766,    the    Board    being    informed    by   several    Proposal  of 
Managers  of  the  House  then  erecting  for  the  "  Better  Employment  of  Almshouse 
the  Poor  of  this  City  of  Philadelphia,  the  district  of  Southwark  and 
Townships  of  Moyamensingand  Passyunk  and  the  Northern  Liberties," 

that  they  have  lately  agreed  for  the  Easternmost  third  part  of  the  Square,  con- 
tiguous (Mary  Ayres  lot)  to  the  Lot  bought  of  William  Darvill  by  the  Managers 
of  the  Hospital,  it  is  now  proposed  that  the  Consideration  Money  for  both  pur- 
chases being  added  together  and  the  Lot  equally  divided,  the  Easternmost  part 
should  be  allotted  for  the  Hospital  and  the  Westernmost  for  the  House  of  Employ- 
ment and  an  equal  part,  of  the  cost  of  the  whole  borne  by  each  Institution,  which 
the  Managers  agree  to  propose  to  the  Managers  of  the  House  of  Employment. 


275 


At  a  iiRitiiiK  of  the  C'unmiitti'c  of  .M;iii:infrs  of  tin-  House  of  Kmploy  and  tlie 
Conference    Committee  of  the  Managers  of  the   Hospital  the  zjd  of  Kel)ruary,  1767.     Present 
of  Manafiers    on  (in.  |,,.,rt  ,,f  |  louse  of  Kmploy,  Joseph  Fox.  I.uke  Morris,  Abel  James  ;  on  behall 
and  House  of   of  Hospital.  John  Reynell,  Josh.  Richardson,  and  Thomas  Wharton.    Taking  into 
Employ  about    Consideration  the  state  of  the  Square  which  is  situate  between  the  two  institu- 
E.xchanjie  in    tio„s  and  that  it  would   be   more   convenient    that   each  of  the  I'ublic    BuildiuKS 
Western  Lot.    should  enjoy  the  part  which  is  next  to  each  particular  institution.     It    was  there- 
fore mutually  Agreed   tliat  the  Managers  of  the  House  of  Employ  should  con- 
vey  to   the    Managers   of  the  Hospital  the  third  part  of  said  Square  being  the 
part  they  bought  of  Mary  Ayres  with  the  improvements  thereon  ;  And  that  the 
said    Managers  of  the    House  of  Employ  pay  to  the  Managers  of  the   Hospital 
the  sum  of  Fifty    Pounds.     That  the   Managers  of  the    Hospital    convey   to  the 
Managers  of  the  House  of  Employ  the  W'esternmost  Moiety  of  the  said  Square 
being  a  part  of  the  Purchase  which  the  Hospital  made  of  William  Darvill ;  That 
each  of  the  institutions  take  Possession  of  their  particular  parts  as  soon  as  the 
deeds  are"  Executed.     (Note)     The  North  Jk  South  lines  of  said  Square,  so  far  as 
they  relate  to  the  two  institutions,  are   but    about  366   feet   in    Length,  and   that 
those  Lots  are  bounded  on  the  North  by  vacant  Grounds  &c. 

Tlie  Deed  was  i)re])ared  and  e.xecuted,  March  23,  1767,  and  the 

consideration  money  of  Fifty   Pounds    paid    to  the  Treasurer  of  tlie 

Hospital. 

Proprietaries  The  Proprietaries,  'I'homas  Penn  and  Richard  Penn,  donated  to 

Donate  a   jj^g  Pennsylvania   Hospital  by  patent,  in   1769,  a   lot  situated  on  the 

,,,     ""^  "         south   side  of    Spruce    Street,    between    Ninth   and    Tenth    Streets, 

Western  Lot.  '  . 

containing  east  and  west  on  Spruce  Street  one  hundred    and    ninety- 
eight  feet,  (west  from  Ninth   Street),  being  executed  under  the  great 
seal  of  the  province  and  recorded  in  the  rolls  office. 
It  is  as  follows  : 

Thomas  Penn  and  Richard  Penn,  Esquires  true  and  absolute  Proprie- 
taries AND  Governors  in  Chief  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania 

AM)  COl'NTIES  OF  NEW  CASTLE  KENT  AND  SUSSEX  ON   DELAWARE. 

To  all  to  uliom  Ihcse ptcsenls shall  come  G reeling: 

Whereas  in  jiursuance  of  a  Warrant  dated  the  Seventeenth  day  of  December 
last  there  was  surveyed  on  the  Twentieth  day  of  January  last  A  certain  Lott  of 
ground  to  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Situate  on  the  South 
side  of  Spruce  Street  between  the  Ninth  and  Tenth  Streets  in  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia Containing  in  length  E^ast  and  West  on  Spruce  Street  aforesaid  One 
hundred  and  ninety  eight  fret  and  in  Breadth  North  and  South  on  Ninth  Street 
aforesaid  One  hundred  and  Seven  feet  Bounded  Northward  with  Spruce  Street 
Eastward  with  Ninth  Street  Southward  with  other  ground  of  the  said  Hospital 
and  Westward  with  ground  intended  to  be  granted  to  the  Contributors  to  the 
House  of  Employment  of  the  poor  cStc.  Now  at  the  Instance  and  request  of  the 
said  Contributors  (by  their  Managers)  that  we  would  be  pleased  to  grant  them  a 
Confirmation  of  the  same.  Know  ye  that  for  and  in  Consideration  of  the  Sum  of 
Five  Shillings  lawfull  money  of  Pennsylvania  to  our  use  paid  by  the  said  Con- 
tributors (the  receijit  whereof  we  hereby  acknowledge  and  thereof  do  acquit 
and  for  Ever  discharge  the  said  Contributors  their  Heirs  and  Successors  by  these 

276 


Presents)  And  of  the  yearly  Quit  Rent  herein  after  mentioned  and  reserved  We 
have  given  granted  released  and  Confirmed  and  by  these  presents  for  us  our 
Heirs  and  Successors  Do  Give  Grant  Release  and  Confirm  unto  the  said  Con- 
tributors their  Heirs  and  Successors  the  said  described  Lott  of  Ground  as  the 
same  is  now  set  forth  bounded  and  limited  as  aforesaid  Together  with  all  and 
singular  the  Buildings  Improvements  Ways  Waters  Water-Courses  Rights 
Liberties  Profits  Advantages  Hereditaments  and  Appurtenances  whatsoever  to 
the  said  Lott  of  Ground  belonging  or  in  any  wise  appertaining  and  the  Reversions 
and  Remainders  thereof  To  have  and  to  hold  the  said  described  Lott  of  ground 
&  premises  hereby  granted  or  mentioned  so  to  be  with  its  Appurtenances  unto 
the  Contributors  of  said  Hospital  their  Heirs  and  Successors  To  the  only  Use  and 
Behoof  of  the  said  Contributors  their  Heirs  and  Successors  for  Ever  To  be  holden 
of  us  our  Heirs  &  Successors  Proprietaries  of  Pennsylvania  as  of  our  Manor  of 
Springetsbury  in  the  County  of  Philadelphia  in  free  and  common  Soccage  by 
Fealty  only  in  lieu  of  all  other  Services  Yielding  and  Paying  therefore  Yearly  unto 
us  our  Heirs  and  Successors  at  the  said  City  at  or  upon  the  first  day  of  March  in 
every  year  from  the  first  day  of  March  next — Five  Shillings  Sterling  for  the  same 
or  Value  thereof  in  Coin  Current  according  as  the  Exchange  shall  then  be 
between  our  said  Province  and  the  City  of  London  to  such  Person  or  Persons  as 
shall  from  Time  to  Time  be  appointed  to  receive  the  same.  And  in  Case  of  Non- 
payment thereof  within  Ninety  Days  next  after  the  same  shall  become  due  that 
then  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  us  our  Heirs  and  Successors  our  and  their 
Receiver  or  Receivers  into  and  upon  the  hereby  granted  Land  and  Premises  to 
re-enter  and  the  same  to  have  again  repossess  and  enjoy  until  the  said  Quit  Rent 
and  all  arreais  thereof  together  with  the  charges  accruing  by  means  of  such 
nonpayment  &  Re-entry  be  fully  paid  and  discharged  Witness  John  Penn  Esquire 
Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  said  Province  who  by  virtue  of  certain  Powers  and 
Authorities  to  him  for  this  Purpose  inter  alia,  Granted  by  the  said  Proprietaries 
hath  hereunto  set  his  Hand  and  caused  the  Great  Seal  of  the  said  Province  to  be 
hereunto  affixed  at  Philadelphia  this  Fourth  day  of  February  in  the  Year  of  our 
Lord  One  thousand  seven  hundred  &  Sixt\"  nine  The  Ninth  Year  of  the  Reign  of 
King  George  the  third  over  Great  Britain  &c.  and  the  fifty  first  year  of  the  said 
Proprietaries  Government. 

John  Pexn"  [L  S] 
[Recorded  6th  May  1769  in  Deed  Book  L  Vol.  5  page  34S  &c.] 

The   Managers,  on  October  27,  182S,  received  a  letter  from  the   corresoon- 
Giiardians  of  the   Poor  in  charge  of  the  City  Almshouse,  communi-   dence  with 
eating   a   plan    for    the   improvement   of  the    lot   owned    by    them,    Almshouse 
adjoining  the  western  ground  of  the  Hospital,  if  the  Managers  of  the   ^'•''"•''gers. 
Hospital  would  give  twenty  feet  of  their  ground  towards  a  forty  foot 
street  proposed  to  be  opened  through  the  Almshouse  lot.     On  con- 
sideration the  Secretary  was  directed  to  reply  that  the  Board  had  no 
authority  to  make  an\  arrangement  in  the  premises,  and  do  not  deem 
it  judicious  to  convene  the  Contributors  at  this  time. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Contributors,  held  May  10,  1830,  the 
Managers  were,  by  resolution,  directed  to  purchase  of  the  Managers 
of  the  Almshouse  their  moiety  of  the  square  lying  westward  of  the 
Hospital  site,  provided  the  same  can  be  obtained  for  §50,000  ;  and  if 


the  purchase  can  be  made,  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital  are  author- 
ized to  lay  out  a  thirty  foot  street  to  extend  from  Ninth  to  Tenth 
Streets,  at  the  distance  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  south  from 
Spruce  Street,  etc.  On  Afay  31,  1830,  the  Committee  authorized  to 
offer  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor  the  sum  of  Sso.ooo  for  the  Almshouse 
lot,  reported  having  done  so,  and  that  this  body  had  officially  declined 
the  proposition. 
E.xch.iiigf  Dec.  27,  1830,  the  Managers   received  a  proposal   from  Thomas 

of  Lots.  Mitchell,  instructed  by  John  Savage,  to  exchange  the  western  lot  for 
that  of  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor,  so  as  to  give  the  northernmost 
160  feet  of  the  Hospital  lot  to  a  30  feet  street  for  all  the  .•Vlmshouse  lot 
south  of  said  street,  being  283  feet. 

The  Board  deeminR  such  an  exchange  calculated  to  improve  the  interests  of 
the  Hospital  apjrointed  Win.  VV.  Fisher  and  Alex.  W.  Johnston  to  attend  to  the 
subject,  &c.,  and  with  further  instructions  to  attend  the  sale  of  the  Alms  House 
Lot  and  bid  therefor  $50,000. 

The  Committee  on  January  12,  1831, 

Sale  of    Reported   they   had   attended   the   sale  of   the   Aims-House   Lot   and  had    bid 

.Almslunise    tiierefor  Fifty  thousand  and  t)ne  hundred  dollars :  And  that  it  was  bought  in  at 

Lot.    a  hi;;her  sum.       That  since  then  they  had  received  from  John  Savage  a  proposal 

that  he  will  purchase  the  .\lms  House  lot  provided  the  Hospital  Managers  will 

join  him  in  laying  out  a  street  twenty  feet  wide  from  Ninth  to  Tenth  streets  at 

Proposition    ''"^  distance  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  from    Spruce  Street,  and  exchange 

to  Exchange    Northernmost  one  lnni(lre<l  and  sixty  feet  of  the  Hospital   Square  for  the  South- 

Prooertv     crnmost  Two  hundred  and  ninety-three  feet  of  the  .•\lmshouse  lots,  he  will  agree 

to  build  on  the   Si)ruce  St.  front  elegant  dwelling  houses  and  will  be  restricted 

from   building  on  the  Twenty  feet  street  dwelling  houses  or  any  work  shops  or 

manufactories  which'  might  be  offensive,  he  objects  to  a  restriction,  as  to  stables 

although  the  Conteiiiplateil  plan  will  virtually  make  such  restriction. 

The  Managers  adopted  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  that  the  proposition  made  by  John  Savage  be  now  accepted  subject 
to  the  decision  of  the  Contributors  to  reduce  the  street  from  thirty  to  twenty  feet 
wide  so  as  to  make  the  lots  160  feet  deep. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Contributors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
it  was 

Contributors  Jiesolved,  that  the  Managers  of  the  said   Hospital   be  and  they   are   hereby 

Authorize    authorized  and  directed  in  the  name  and  on   behalf  of  the  Contributors   to  the 

Exchange    Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  enter  into  such  contract  and   agreement  with  the  said 

of  Lots.    John  Savage  as  shall   be   sufl'icient  to  secure   the  i)erformance  of  the  following 

objects,  viz.  : 

"  I.  To  lay  out  and  open  a  street  to  extend  from  Ninth  St.  to  Tenth  Street  at 
the  distance  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  southward  from  the  south  line  of 
Spruce  street  which  said  street  so  to  be  laid  out  shall  be  twenty  feet  wide  and 
shall  be  called  Bond  street  and  shall  be  and  remain  open  as  a  public  street  or 
highway  forever. 

278 


"2.  To  effect  an  exchange  with  the  said  John  Savage  of  all  that  part  of  the 
Square  (westward  of  the  Hospital  and  now  belonging  to  this  Corporation)  which 
shall  lay  northward  of  the  said  twenty  feet  street  and  is  believed  to  contain  in 
front  on  Spruce  street  198  feet  and  to  extend  from  the  said  Spruce  St.,  southward 
to  length  fronting  on  Ninth  St.,  160  feet  to  the  said  20  ft.  Street,  bounded  North- 
ward by  Spruce  St.,  Eastward  by  Ninth  St.,  Southward  by  the  said  twenty  feet 
St.,  and  westward  by  a  part  of  the  said  Alms  House  lot  now  belonging  to  the  said 
John  Savage,  and  to  grant  and  convey  the  said  lot  just  now  described  to  the  said 
John  Savage  in  fee  subject  to  such  restrictions  as  are  herein  after  mentioned  in 
e.vchange  for  all  that  part  of  the  Square  (westward  of  the  Hospital  commonly 
called  the  Alms  House  lot  now  belonging  to  the  said  John  Savage)  which  shall  lay 
Southward  of  the  aforesaid  twenty  feet  street  and  Containing  in  fronton  Pine  St., 
One  hundred  and  ninety  eight  feet  and  extending  from  the  said  Pine  St.,  North- 
ward in  length  fronting  on  Tenth  Street  about  two  hundred  and  ninety  three  feet 
to  said  twenty  feet  street.  Eastward  by  other  part  of  said  Square  now  belonging 
to  this  Corporation.  Southward  by  Pine  St.  and  westward  by  Tenth  St.,  afore- 
said, which  said  last  described  lot  is  in  execution  of  said  exchange  to  be  granted 
and  conveyed  by  the  said  John  Savage  to  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  their  successors  and  assigns  forever  in  fee. 

"  3.  That  as  well  that  lot  of  Ground  so  to  be  conveyed  to  the  said  John  Savage 
in  exchange  as  aforesaid  as  also  that  other  piece  of  ground  which  he  purchased 
from  the  Guardians  of  the  Poor  and  which  lays  Northward  of  the  said  twenty  feet 
street  shall  be  conveyed  and  made  subject  to  such  restrictions  as  to  buildings  to 
be  erected  on  the  said  twenty  feet  street  as  the  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital 
shall  think  proper — having  regard  to  the  safety  and  quiet  of  the  Hospital  and  the 
purity  of  the  atmosphere. 

"  4.  The  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital  are  hereby  invested  with  full  and 
ample  power  in  the  name  and  on  behalf  of  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  to  do  and  execute  all  such  Acts  matters  and  things  in  Deed  or  in  Law  as 
shall  be  necessary  to  carry  the  objects  and  resolutions  into  full  and  complete 
execution." 

On    motion,  it    was   unanimously    "  Resolved   that   the   twenty   feet  street    Memory  of 
intended  to  be  laid  out  as  stated  in  the  preceding  resolutions  shall  be  1  anied  Bond    Dr.  Bond 
street  in  grateful  recollection  of  the  early  long  and  faithful  services  of  Drs.  Thomas    Honored, 
and  Phineas  Bond  as  Physicians  to  this  Institution.'     A  deed  for  completing  the 
exchange  of  lots  embraced   in   the  minute   of  the   Contributors   was   read   and 
approved,  the  same  Committee  was  continued  to  superintend  the  Conclusion  of 
this  business.     On  February  28,  i8ji,  the  Committee   reported   that   the  Deeds 
were  duly  executed  by  the  respective  parlies  and  those  instruments  placed  upon 
record. 

On  October  3,  1835,  the  Committee  for  the  sale   of  the   western   Sale  of  the 

and  southw-estern  lots  presented  a  draft  of  an  agreement  between  ''"'^ 

West  and 
"The   Contributors  to   the    Pennsylvania   Hospital"   of  the    one   part   and    South  of 
Cliarles  F.   Lex,   Samuel   Browne,   Samuel  Robb,   Thos.  C.  Cash  &  William  H.    Hospital 
Garrigues  of   the  other,   which   being   approved   was  directed  to  be  executed.    Site. 
December  16,  1835,   a  part  of  the  Western  lots  having  been  retailed  out  by  the 
parties  with  whom  the  managers  have  made  a  contract  for  the  whole,  it  was 
agreed  that  the  Committee  appointed  on   the  sale  of   said   lots   apportion   the 
amount  of  the  purchase  money  to  be  inserted  in  each  of  said  deeds  in  conformity 

*  The  name  of  this  street  was  subsequently  changed  to  Clinton. 


279 


Sak'  ol 

Wfstirn 

and  Soiitli- 

wisUrn 

Lots. 


with  the  orJKinal  a(»rfcment :  and  when  the  said  deeds  are  drawn  they  are 
directed  to  he  executed  by  the  President  &  Treasurer  on  the  Mortgages  being 
duly  executed. 

October  12,  1836,  a  communication  was  received  from  Chas. 
F.  Lex,  Wm.  H.  Garrigues,  SaiiniL-l  Robb  and  Thos.  C.  Casii, 
"offering  mortgages,  which  with  those  before  received  from  them 
together  with  $20,000  in  cash  (see  a  Minute  of  ist  mo.  25th,  1836), 
will  complete  the  amount  of  the  purchase  made  by  them  of  our 
western  and  southwestern  lots  (see  Minute  of  loth  mo.  3d,  1836)  for 

§120,000." 


J    L 


Nitilli  Street 


1.  -   !■  e[ 

.-,66  feet 

Hospital  Lot; 

i 

21: 

X   «  „- 

'Z     K 

1  rt 

per  Agreement  for  cxchanKc 

of  lots  with  Almshouse 

March  23,  1767 

r 

0    - 

Almshouse  Lot : 

per  ARrecment  for  exchanKC 

■^ 

—   u 

V 

of  lots  with  Hospital  and  payment 

ij 

1 

of  ^50.    March  23,  1767 
566  feet 

§. 

n 


Tiiilli  Street 


Plan  ol  S'i»are  West  ol   liospital  Site,  alter  tile  ex«  Iiaii.v;c  of  l»ropcrlieS  witll 
Almshouse  Managers 

The  following  is  recorded  on  the  Minutes  for  October  30,  1837, 

"  The  Treasurer  reports  the  execution  and  delivery  of  all  the  deeds  for  the 
Western  and  South  Western  lots,  sold  to  Charles  F.  Lex,  Samuel  Brown,  Samuel 
Robb,  Thomas  C.  Cash  and  William  H.  Garrigues  for  the  sum  of  f  120,000; 
twenty  thousand  dollars  of  which  payable  in  cash  November  29th,  1835,  and 
the  balance  One  hundred  thousand  dollars,  in  bonds  payable  at  any  time  within 
5  years  from  that  date,  with  interest  half  yearly  at  5  per  cent  per  annum,  to 
be  computed  from  April  ist,  1836;  and  that  he  has  received  for  the  same  cash 
and  bonds  secured  by  Mortgages." 


2  So 


On  May  28,  1764,  an  agreement  was  made  with  Reuben   Haines   Square  East 
for  an  °^  Hospital 

Site 
Assignment  of  his  term  of  One  Year  to  come  on  a  lease  for  a  certain  Piece  of   purchased 
Pasture  Ground  being  the  Square  opposite  the  Hospital  to  the  Eastward  between 
8th  and  7th  Streets  &  Pine  &  Spruce  Streets  for  Seven  Pounds  Ten  Shillings— an 
order  was  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  for  the  amount. 

The  Managers  being  informed  on  April  29,  1765  : 
That  Reuben  Haines  hath  lately  purchased  of  John  Whitpain  one  Moyety  of 
the  next  Square  to  the  Eastward  of  the  Hospital  for  ^500  ;  &  that  he  appi  eliends 
he  will  consent  for  the  accommodation  of  the  Hospital  to  sell  it  to  the  Contributors, 
for  the  same  price,  it  is  therefore  unanimously  agreed  that  it  will  be  expedient  to 
purchase  it,  in  order  to  prevent  any  inconvenient  Buildings  being  erected  thereon, 
&  John  Reynell,  Joseph  Richardson,  &  Isaac  Greenleafe  are  desired  to  treat  with 
him,  and  agree  for  it  if  they  can. 


J 


L 


Xiiilh  Street 

475  teet 

160  feet 

20  11. 

293  feet 

7.x 

~  0  ^ 

X 

1 

■Si 

0 

Hospital  Lot 
Lot  D 

'-    ■^. 

JT 

-u 

Hospital  Lot 

'a 

0 

LotB 
19SX  293  feet 

l^ 

%    ■?-■     ° 

This  lot  bought  by  Mr.  Savage 
from  Almshouse  was  given 

^ 

to  Hospital  in  exchange 
for  Lot  A 

160  feet 

20  U. 

293  feet 

l>     u 

■a  r 


473  feet 
Tenth  Street 


r 


Plan  of  Square  West  of  Hospital  Site,  after  the  exchange  of  properties. 

(Ninth  Month  26,  1766),  Joseph  Richardson  proposes  that  if  the  Managers  will 
purchase  for  the  use  of  the  Hospital  the  Lot  of  Ground,  being  one-half  the  Square 
between  Seventh  Street  and  Eighth  Streets  opposite  the  Hospital  Easlw-ard  that 
he  the  said  Joseph  Richardson  will  Contribute  towards  payment  of  the  same,  the 
sum  of  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Pounds. 

(Fourth  Month  2,  1767),  the  Committee  appointed  to  confer  with  Reuben 
Haines,  about  purchasing  his  undivided  Moyety  of  the  Square  of  Ground,  bounded 
by  the  7th  &  8th  Streets  from  Delaware,  &  Spruce  &  Pine  Streets  opposite  the 
Penna.    Hospital    Eastward,   which  he   purchased  of  John   Whitpain,  which   he 

281 


agrees  to  sell  &  convey  to  the  Corporation  of  Contributors  of  the  Hospital  for 
Eastern  Lot  /'Sso— subject  to  the  Dower  of  the  Widow  of  Zachary  Wliitpain  dec'd,  to  be 
Purchased,  paid  in  the  followinK  manner— viz.  Two  Hundred  Pounds  to  be  paid  on  E.xecuting 
the  Deed,  Two  Hundred  Pounds  more  in  two  months  from  the  date  thereof,  and 
the  remainder  in  tliree  months  from  the  date,  and  he  further  aRreis  to  contribute 
Fifty  pounds,  to  be  discounted  out  of  the  last  payment,  to  promote  the  Charitable 
design  of  the  Hospital  which  being  considered  &  approved,  the  same  Committee 
are  desired  to  get  the  Title  examined,  and  the  deeds  of  conveyance  drawn,  and 
when  compleated  to  call  a  board  if  they  find  it  necessary. 

A  Deed  was  i)roduced  April  27,1767,  intended  to  be  executed  by  Reuben 
Haines  &  Wife  for  the  undivided  Moyety  of  the  Square  of  (iround  purchased  of 
him,  fronting  the  Hospital  Eastward,  which  was  read  &  examined  &  requiring 
some  alteration  the  care  thereof  was  committed  to  the  same  Committee  who 
informed  the  Board  that  on  a  late  conference  with  Reuben  Haines,  he  prefers 
having  the  consideration  Money  to  be  paid  S:  mentioned  in  the  conveyance,  should 
be  no  more  than  Six  hundred  Pounds,  and  that  no  Notice  be  taken  of  his  proposed 
Contribution  of  Fifty  Pounds  as  at  first  proposed,  which  was  agreed  to.  On 
May  25,  1767,  report  was  made  of  a  Deed  from  Reuben  Haines  Mc  Wife  lor  the 
undivided  Moyety  of  the  Square  of  Ground  purchased  of  him,  situate  Eastward 
of  the  Hospital,  which  was  executed  and  deposited  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer. 
(Tenth  Month  28,  1772),  Thom.as  Forrest  ofl'ered  for  sale  his  undivided  fourth 
part  in  ri^ht  of  his  wife  to  the  Square  of  Ground  between  Seventh  iS;  Eighth  Streets 
bounded  Norlhwanl  with  Spruce  Street  and  Southward  will)  Pine  Street  for  the 
sum  of  three  hundred  pounds  out  of  which  he  agrees  to  Contribute  Twenty  five 
pounds  to  the  Hospital.  The  Board  concluded  to  purchase  the  said  Lot  of  him  on 
the  Terms  above  mentioned  and  to  pay  him  the  money  as  soon  as  we  are  able  to 
raise  it  which  we  have  expectation  will  be  in  our  power  in  a  short  time. 

The  Sheriff  of  Philadelphia  County,  on  November  28,  1774, 
served  a  Writ  of  Partition  on  William  Wliitpain  and  the  Contributors 
to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  respecting  the  Square  of  Ground  to  the 
eastward  of  the  Hospital,  and  Israel  Pemberton,  Edward  Peninglon  and 
the  sitting  Managers  were  apjjointed  to  take  the  necessary  care  rela- 
tive to  the  partition  of  the  said  lot  and  ijurchase  of  William  Whit- 
pain,  his  share. 

(Twelfth  Month  26,  1774),  the  Committee  appointed  to  attend  the  Partition  and 
purchase  Wm.  Whitpain's  Share  of  the  Square  of  Ground  to  the  Eastward  of 
the  Hospital  reported  that  Joseph  Stamper  Attorney  to  William  Wliitpain  (who 
is  absent  beyond  Sea)  being  applied  to  on  the  occasion  informed  them  that  he  had 
no  Authority  to  sell  Whitpain's  Share  of  the  Lot  for  less  than  /'450  which  not 
being  agreed  to  by  the  Committee,  nor  now  by  the  Board,  the  matter  is  con- 
tinued under  the  care  of  the  said  Committee.  And  the  Action  at  Law  commenced 
for  the   Partition  of  the  said  Lot  is  withdrawn. 

(On  Fourth  Month  24,  1775),  William  Whitpain  owner  of  an  undivided 
Quarter  part  of  the  Square  of  ground  to  the  Eastward  of  the  Hospital  attended 
the  Board  and  ofTered  to  dispose  of  his  part  of  the  said  Lot  for  the  sum  of  Three 
hundred  and  Seventy  five  Pounds  which  the  Board  agreed  to  give  him  and 
appointed  Thomas  Wharton  and  Isaac  Cox  to  get  the  deed  for  it  drawn  and 
executed  and  they  are  authorized  to  draw  on  the  Tre.asurer  for  the  purchase 
money,  which  being  less  than  the  said  Whitpain  first  demanded  it  is  agreed  to 
present  him  w  ith  a  certificate  for  ^30  as  a  Donation  from  him  to  the  Hospital. 

282 


Fourth  month  i,  1776: 

The  Treasurer  reported  tliat  the  Deed  from  William  Whitpain  to  the  Contri-    Deed  Exc- 
butors  of  the  Penna.  Hospital  for  liis  undivided  share  of  \i  th  of  the  Lot  of  Ground    cuted  for 
was  duly  executed  and  dehvered  at  the  Rolls  Office  to  be  recorded  and  that  he    Eastern  Lot. 
paid  to  the  said  Whitpain  One  hundred  and  seventy  five  pounds  gave  his  obliga- 
tion in  behalf  of  the  Contributors  for  two  hundred  pounds  and  delivered  a  Cer- 
tificate for  thirty  pounds  as  a  Donation  from  said   Whitpain   being  the  amount  of 
the  sum  mentioned  in  the  Deed  for  the  said  Lot  viz.  /;j75  and  a  Certificate  of /"30. 


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February  22.  1779.  Doctor  Bond  applied  to  rent  the  lots  lying 
to  the  eastward  of  the  Hospital  square  ;  it  was  agreed  that  he  might 
have  them  '•  for  the  rent  of  twelve  [jounds  in  specie  Per  .-Vnnum  for 
seven  Years,  putting  them  under  good  fence  and  leaving  them  in  the 
same  Condition  at  the  expiration  of  the  term." 

A  letter  was  produced,  November  27,  1786,  from  Thomas  Forrest 
in  behalf  of  Sarah  Dodd  (formerly  Whitpain)  claiming  her  dower  in 
the  lot  eastward  of  the  Hosjiital,  late  the  property  of  her  husband, 
Zachariah  Whitpain,  whereupon  Reynold  Keen,  Thomas  Moore  and 
Joseph  Paschail  were  appointed  to  investigate  the  merits  of  her  claim 
and  report  at  the  next  meeting. 


283 


January   28,  17S8.       "The  Committee  on    tlie  claim   of  Sarah 

CleariiiK   Whilpain   report   they  have  settled  with  her  by  paying  her  One  hun- 

tlic  full-.    ^|.gj  ^i^j  pij-jy  Poiinjs  Paper    Money    lor    which   she    hath   signed  a 

Release  to  all  her  right  of  dower  to  the  lot  East  of  the  Hospital,  and 

the    whole  Arrears  due    thereon   which    the    Hoard  ap])rove  and  the 

Treasurer  is  desired  to  get  it  recorded." 

The  Managers  finding  it  necessary  to  provide  increased  accom- 
modation for  patients  by  enlarging  the  buildings,  decided  to  ask 
authority  from  the  Contributors  for  them  to  sell  one  or  more  of  the 
lots  of  ground  in  order  to  obtain  tlie  necessary  funds.  On  March  26, 
1832: 

It  is  agreed  to  submit  to  tlie  ne.\t  .\imual  Meeting  of  the  Contributors  the 
propriety  of  selling  the  Eastern  Lot. 

At  the  Contributors'  Meeting  in  May  following  it  was 

Contributors  Resolzed,  That  the  Managers  be  authorized  to  make  sale  of  the  Eastern  Lot 

.Authorize  tlie    for  the  Purpose  of  raising  funds  to  erect  buildings  for  the  additional  accommoda- 
Sale  of  Lots,    tion  of  the  Hospital. 

May  14,  the  Contributors  having  authorized  the  Sale  of  the  Eastern  Lot,  John  J . 
Smith,  Bartw.  Wistar  and  Charles  Roberts  are  appointed  to  receive  proposals  from 
purchasers  upon  a  plan  of  building  now  approved  and  submit  offers  to  the 
Board. 

June  25,  it  is  now  agreed  that  ivhcii  the  Committee  on  the  sale  of  the  Eastern 
lot  shall  in  any  case  conclude  an  arrangement  with  the  purchasers,  the  President 
and  Treasurer  be  and  they  are  hereby  authorized  to  convey  the  same  in  sufficient 
deeds  agreeably  to  the  restrictions  determined  upon  under  their  signatures  and 
the  Seal  of  this  Corporation. 

Sale  of  .'"'y  '6,  1833,  the  Hoard   assembled  at  the  request  of  the  Coni- 

Eastern  Lot.   mittee  on  the  sale  of  the  eastern  lot,  which  reported 

That  six  lots  had  been  sold  on  Spruce  Street,  and  a  like  number  on  Pine 
Street  and  proposed  that  authority  now  be  given  to  make  deeds  to  the  purchasers, 
whereupon  it  was  resolved  "  that  the  President  of  this  Board  with  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Contributors  be,  and  they  are  hereby  empowered  to  execute  sufficient 
conveyances  to  the  persons  who  have  bought,  under  the  seal  of  this  Corporation 
with  such  reservations  as  have  been  agreed  upon  in  the  general  plan  ;  this  power 
is  to  extend  to  the  purchasers  of  the  remaining  part  of  the  lot,  as  sales  may  be 
made." 

The  street  directed  to  be  opened  through  the  eastern  lot  having 
been  proposed  to  be  called  Barclay  Street,  and  that  designation  being 
previously  used  in  this  city,  the  Board  agreed  that  the  avenue  be 
called  Citron  (now  Barclay)  Street,  and  that  it  be  forty  feet  in  width, 
and  that  it  be  entered  u])on  the  record. 

On  May  5,  1S34,  John  J.  Smith,  Charles  Roberts,  and  Bartho- 
lomew Wistar,  were  continued  to  attend  to  the  care  and  sale  of  the 
eastern  lot. 

284 


The  square  on  the  south  side  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  from 
Eighth  to  Ninth   Streets,  extending  from    Pine    to  Lombard  Street,   Square  Soutli 
(396  feet),  being  the  whole  front  of  the  Hospital  and  opposite  to  it  j. 

Is  ill  the  opinion  of  this  Board  absolutely  necessary  to  be  secured  to  the  Insti-  Hygiene  01 
tution,  for  the  benefit  of  the  southern  air,  as  opportunity  may  offer  to  buy  it,  Hospital. 
A  minute,  dated  Sept.  21,  1795,  states  that  "  it  is  therefore  the  unanimous 
Opinion  of  all  the  Managers  present  that  a  part  of  the  Square  which  Richard 
Rundle  owns  of  112  feet  on  Eighth  Street  by  iHi  on  Pine  Street  to  Blackberry 
Alley,  which  lot  he  offers  for  One  thousand  pounds  Cash,  should  be  bought 
as  soon  as  possible  and  added  to  the  Capital  Stock  ;  and  that  any  Monies 
given  towards  this  purpose  or  other  Monies  may  be  paid  for  the  said  lot.  An 
order  was  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  for  the  amount  in  favour  of  Richard  Rundle, 
which  he  is  desired  to  pay  out  of  the  monies  received  from  the  Commissioners 
of  Bankruptcy  when  the  title  is  delivered  and  approved  in  writing  by  William 
Rawl  or  any  other  Counsel  learned  in  the  law." 

On  Feb.  23,  1791,  "Josiah  Hewes,  John  Dorsey,  Robert  Smith,  and  Samuel 
Coates  are  appointed  a  Committee  to  wait  on  William  Lewis,  to  know  if  he  will 
accommodate  this  Institution  agreeably  to  the  e.\pectations  he  has  given  us  by 
exchanging  his  lot  on  the  South  side  of  Pine  Street  for  the  lot  bought  of  Isaac 
Snowden  in  the  name  of  Samuel  Coates  on  the  north  side  of  Spruce  Street,  which 
lot  was  bought  with  a  view  of  exchanging  with  William  Lewis  and  for  no  other 
purpose ;  his  definitive  answer  will  be  expected.  On  Feb.  22,  1802,  William 
Lewis  contrary  to  the  expectations  of  the  Managers  after  encouraging  them  to 
purchase  the  lot  on  Spruce  Street  and  promising  to  exchange  his  own  for  it  to 
accommodate  the  Hospital  has  come  to  a  conclusion  not  to  exchange  on  any  terms 
but  oflTer  his  lot  at  a  very  exorbitant  price  as  will  appear  by  the  following  letter  of 
which  it  is  agreed  no  other  notice  shall  be  taken  than  to  insert  it  on  the  Minutes." 

"January  4th,  1802. 
"  Gentlemen. — I  have  concluded  either  to  sell  my  lots  near  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  or  to  let  them  on  ground-rents  or  to  erect  buildings  on  them  in  the  Spring 
in  order  to  render  them  productive,  but  not  to  exchange  them  for  other  lots,  and 
I  deem  it  proper  to  inform  you  of  this  before  coming  to  any  particular  conclusion 
respecting  them  in  order  that  the  Managers  if  they  think  proper  may  have  an 
opportunity  of  becoming  the  purchasers.  I  am  but  a  very  indiflierent  judge  of 
their  value,  but  from  the  best  information  I  have  been  able  to  procure,  I  suppose 
it  to  be  twenty-two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds.  This  sum  I  am  willing  to  accept 
for  them  but  I  believe  that  I  shall  not  take  less.  If  the  Managers  are  not  disposed 
to  take  them  at  this  price  nothing  further  need  be  said  on  the  subject,  but  if  they 
are,  I  wi.sh  to  know  it  soon  for  the  reasons  mentioned 

"  I  am.  Gentlemen,  your  friend  and  humble  Servant, 

William  Lewis." 

A  proposal  was  received  March  5,  1801,  from  John  Taylor,  in 
which  he  offered  to  sell  his  lot  fronting  on  the  south  side  of  Pine 
Street  198  feet,  and  extending  from  thence  292  feet  along  Ninth 
Street  to  Lombard  Street,  for  the  sum  of  fifteen  hundred  pounds, 
payable  without  interest  in  twelve  months.  On  receiving  this  offer 
the  Managers  adjourned  to  view  the  situation  of  the  ground  and 
having  returned  reported  that  they  were  all  of  opinion  that 

28s 


The  said  lot  is  indispensably  necessary  to  this  Institution  and  that  it  ought 
always  to  be  left  opi-n  to  a<lmit  the  southwesterly  winds  and  to  prevent  the  near 
approach  of  wooden  buildings  wliich  in  the  hands  of  the  careless  people  may  be 
the  means  of  setting  the  Hospital  on  Fire.  And  such  persons  may  also  very 
much  incommode  the  sick  patients  by  introducing  a  noisy  business  or  endanger 
their  lives  by  the  offensive  smell  arising  from  their  several  occupations.  For 
these  reasons  and  knowing  that  it  is  of  particular  im|K>rtance  at  times  when  the 
yellow  fever  or  infectious  or  contagious  <lisea.ses  prevailed  in  the  city  to  keep  at  a 
convenient  distance  from  and  prevent  communications  with  a  settled  neighl)or- 
hood,  the  .Managers  agree  unanimously  that  it  will  be  proper  to  purchase  this  lot 
and  they  appoint  Thomas  Morris  and  Samuel  Coates  to  be  a  committee  for  that 
purpose  giving  them  liberty  to  accept  of  John  Taylor's  offer  if  they  cannot  do 
better  and  if  the  contract  should  be  made  for  cash,  the  Treasurer  is  desired  to  pay 
the  purchase  money  to  the  order  of  the  Committee  but  if  it  should  be  bought  for 
Credit  the  Treasurer  is  authorized  to  issue  a  Certificate  under  the  Corporate  seal 
to  John  Taylor  binding  the  Contril)utors  to  pay  the  Money  if  it  does  nut  exceed 
fifteen  hundred  pounds. 

On  March  30,  iSoi,  the  Committee  to  jjurchase  the  lot  of  John 
Taylor  report, 

Lots  South  They  have  bought  it  for  four  thousand   dollars   payable   without   interest   in 

of  Hospital    twelve  months  from  the  6th  instant.     The  deed   has  been  delivered  to  the  Trca- 

Purchased,    surer  and  by  him  sent  to  be  recorded  ;  a  certificate  of  the  purchase  money  was 

delivered  to  John  Taylor.     On  March  29,  1S02,   the  Treasurer  paid  John  Taylor 

for  the  lot  and  cancelled  the  certificate. 

The  Secretary  informed  the  Managers  May  14,  1807,  that  he  agreed  with 
William  Lewis  for  the  lot  south  of  the  Hospital,  late  belonging  to  Benjamin  Fuller 
for  four  thousand  dollars  of  which  two  thousand  dollars  is  to  be  paid  on  the  Exe- 
cution of  the  Deed  and  iwci  thousand  in  Sixty  Days  from  the  Date  thereof. 

At  the  meeting  held  February  23,  1S24,  a-  written  ap|)licatif)n 
from  the  l'enns)lvania  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  was  read,  in 
which  they  propose  the  purchase  of  one  of  the  vacant  Lots  south  of 
the  Hospital,  on  which  to  erect  a  building  for  that  establishment, 
which  proposition  was  unanimously  declined. 

On  July  25,1831,  the  following  opinion  as  to  the  legality  of  clos- 
ing Blanchard's  Alley,  was  ordered  to  be  recorded  on  these  minutes. 

My  Dear  Sir : — I  have  examined  the  title  papers  placed  in  my  hands  and  am 
satisfied  that  Blanchard's  Alley  running  from  8th  Street  to  Blackberry  .■Mley 
between  Pine  and  Lombard  Streets  is  a  private  Alley  laid  out  for  the  use  of  the 
adjoining  Lots.  As  all  these  Lots  now  belong  to  the  Contributors  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital,  they  can  close  it  whenever  they  think  proper. 

Respy.  yours, 

He.nrv  J.  Willi  A.MS,  Altomev- 
Phila.  Dec.  i,  1831. 

November  28,  1831,  the  Treasurer  re|)orted  : 

The  payment  on  9th  inst.,  of  $10,000  to  Joseph  Strahan  and  others  for  a  lot  of 
ground  with  the  im|)rovements  thereon  situated  on  Delaware  8th  Street  between 
Pine  and  Lombard  Sts.,  purchased  of  them  Per  Deed  to  the  Contributors  to  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  dated  Oct.  nth,  1831. 


286 


On  July  9,  1832,  an   exemplification  of  the  record  of  the  Court 

of  Quarter  Sessions  for  the  County  of  Philadelphia  in  the  matter  of  Street 

vacating  of  Blackberry  Alley  from  Pine  to  Lombard  Streets,  was  pre-   '^^""^'    '" 

rr^  1         1         J       ■  1      Hospital  Lot 

sented  and  ordered  to  be  handed  to   the  Treasurer  to  be  placed  with   ^^^J^^,  ^f 
the  title  papers  of  the  lot.  Pim:  street. 

On  February  13,  1850,  a  special  Meeting  was  called  as  to  the  sale 
of  the  South  lot,  to  lay  before  the  Board  drafts  of  a  deed  provided  to 
be  executed  to  the  purchasers  of  parts  of  said  lot  with  particular  cove- 
nants as  to  restrictions. 


J 


292  feet 
Xinth  Street 


n 


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Bighth  Street 
393  feet 

112  feet 

I  So  feet 

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Biackbeiry  Alley 

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i. 

John  Taylor's 

Lot 

Bought  by  Hospital 

March  6.  iSoi 

Cost  J4.000 

:'-,!  K-et 

1 

Plan  of  Properties  purchased  by  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  on  Square 
south  of  Hospital  bounded  by  Eighth.  Ninth,  Pine  and  Lombard  Streets. 


Ninth  Streets 


"  On  motion,  a  plan  was  adopted  opening  a  30   ft.  wide  street   street 
through  said  lot  from  Sth  to  9th  streets,  162   ft.  South  of  Pine  to  be   Opened  from 
called  Keble  Street;  and  the  following  restrictions  were  agreed  upon,    Kiglith  to 
ist.  That  the  lots  on  Pine  Street,  shall  throw  out   12  ft.  on  the  North 
sides  thereof,  so  as  to  widen  the  pavement  to  that  extent ;  and  2ndly, 
That  no  buildings  other  than  Stables  or  offices  shall  be  built  on  said 
Keble  Street,  with  a  reservation  of  power  to  enter  and  abate  any 
buildings  erected  contrary  to  said  restrictions." 


287 


On  November  30,  1849,  a  meeting  was  called  by  the  ("ommittee 
for  the  sale  of  the  South  Lot  which  made  a  preliminary  report,  asking 
instruction  regarding  the  terms  of  sale.  This  report  was  substantially 
as  follows : 

Report  of  the  The  Committee  appointed   by  the  Board  at    the    last   meeting 

Comnmtce  ^^  prepare  the  way  for  selling  the  S(piare  on  Pine  between  Eighth 
of  the  Lot  ^""^  Ninth  and  Pine  and  Lombard  Streets,  reported  that  it  had 
pre])ared  the  annexed  plan  and  advertisement  which  they  recom- 
mended to  the  Board  for  its  adoption. 

The  Committee,  furthermore,  deemed  it  of  importance  to  insert 
in  the  deeds  certain  restrictions  with  regard  to  the  kind  of  buildings 
to  be  erected  on  said  scpiare  as  might  best  secure  the  interests  of  the 
Hosjjital  and  those  who  purchase  lots  :  viz.  :  One  genteel  Dwelling 
house  upon  each  lot.  .Stables  to  the  I'ine  Street  lots,  or  not,  according 
to  the  opinion  of  a  majority  of  the  Pine  Street  lot  holders. 

The  houses  at  the  corners  of  Eighth  and  Ninth  and  Lombard 
Streets  were  to  be  allowed  to  have  the  privilege  of  a  store,  and  it  was 
stipulated  that  the  houses  on  Pine  Street  should  recede  twelve  feet 
from  the  line  of  said  street. 

The  following  advertisement  was  issued  for  the  sale  of  the  above 
lots: 

HOSPITAL  BUILDING  LOTS. 

The  entire  Sq.  of  ground  on  Pine  St.,  from  8lh  to  9th  St.,  ami  fmni  Pine  to 
Lombaril  is  now  offered  for  sale. 

A  plan  of  said  Square  as  laid  out  into  Building  lots  maj-  be  seen  at  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  upon  applic.ition  to  the  Steward  who  is  authorized  to  sell  the 
same. 

KSTIMATKl)  I'RICKS. 

16  lots  on  Pine  St.,  at  $4.400 $70,400 

8    "     "   8th  &  9th  Sts.  2,600 20,000 

2    "     "     "    "    "      "  2,800 .S.600 

10    "     "    Lombard  St.  1,500 >5,ooo 

2    "     "    Pine,  8th  &  9th  4,600 9.200 

5121,000 
On  motion,  tiie  above  report  was  adopted. 

Offer  March  5,  1852.     This  meeting  was  called  by  the  Committee  on 

Accepted  for   tj,g  5^]^  ^f  the  South  lot  to  lav  before   the  Board  an   offer  by  John 
South  Lot. 

Eisenbrey  to  i)urchase  all  the  unsold  part  of  said  lot  at  the  price  here- 
tofore fixed  by  the  Board,  provided  no  interest  be  charged  imtil  the 
first  of  March  next. 

On  motion,  /Icso/vfd  \hal  the  Commitlec  be  authorized  to  sell  on  the  terms 
specified  in  the  said  ofler. 

288 


The    lot   was   sold    for  §120,000,  of   which    sum,    $78,000    was 
ex|jended    in  repairing  the  Pine   Street    Hospital    and    $42,000  was   Proceeds  of 
carried  to  the  capital  account.  ^'''"^  "^  ^"'*- 

At  the  Contributors'  Meeting,  in  May,  1831,  it  was  decided  that 
a  separate  Hospital  Building  for  the  Insane  Department  was  exjiedient 
and  the  Managers  were  authorized  to  sell  vacant  ground,  in  order  to 
obtain  necessary  funds,  and  to  select  and  propose  a  suitable  site  at  a 
future  meeting,  i 

In  1S35,  the  Managers  purchased  the  farm  of  Matthew  Arrison,  of  I'urchase 
loi  acres,  for  $29,289,  situated  in  Blockley  township.  West  Philadel-   ol"  ^Vest 
phia,  about  two  miles  west  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia,  between  West   „"  "  *[}' 

^  '  '         '  Properties 

Chester  and  Haverford  Roads,  on  the  latter  of  which  the  entrance  for  insane 
was  made.  In  1838,  an  additional  purchase  of  93,2  acres  adjoining  Department, 
was  made  for  $3500,  which  they  considered  desirable  to  include 
within  the  walls  to  be  erected  as  a  jilace  of  exercise  and  recreation  for 
the  patients.  In  1845,  '^w  lots  adjoining  the  farm  of  the  Penns>l- 
vania  Hospital  for  the  Insane  were  purchased  and  conveyed  to  the 
Contributors  for  $2350  In  1849,  '^c  thanks  of  the  Managers  were 
presented  to  G.  Roberts  Smith  for  his  gift  to  the  Contributors  of  a 
strip  of  land  70  feet  in  width,  along  the  whole  eastern  front  of  the 
grounds,  extending  from  Haverford  Road  to  Market  Street,  containing 
about  three  acres,  making  the  whole  tract  ii3}'2  acres.  The  Hospital 
land  extends  from  42d  to  49th  Streets,  and  from  Market  to  Haver- 
ford. = 

The  minutes  of  the  Managers  stale  that  on  March  28,  1808, 
Robert  Wharton,  Mayor,  having  l)y  his  proclamation  informed  the 
citizens  of  the  regulations  )jroposed  on  the  ground  plots  of  Philadel- 
]ihia,  from  Fifth  Street  westward  to  Schuylkill,  and  called  upon  such 
as  conceived  their  interest  affected  by  those  regulations,  to  state  their 
objections  to  the  Mayor,  Aldermen  and  City  Commissioners,  Joseph 
Lownes,  Zaccheus  Collins  and  Peter  Browne  were  appointed  to  inspect 
the  proceedings  of  the  Commissioners,  etc.,  and 

If  they  are  of  opinion  our  estate  is  likely  to  be  injured  they  are  desired  to  attend 
the  meeting  of  the  Mayor,  etc.,  to  be  held  at  the  City  Hall  on  the  nth  of  May 
ne.\t,  and  state  their  objections  on  behalf  of  this  institution. 

A  meeting  of  the  Contributors  was  held  on  August  12th,  1809, 
in  pursuance  to  the  above  call  published  in  two  public  Gazettes,  inserted 
daily  for  ten  days  previously. 

'The  grounds  surrounding  Uie  Hospital  property  on  Eighth  Street,  which  were  purchased 
for  the  sum  of  $S9i7.27  by  the  Managers,  were  sold  as  directed  by  the  Contributors.  The  amount 
ultimately  realized,  by  their  sale,  aggregated,  including  interest,  $325,000 

-  These  purchases  have  been  referred  to  more  fully  on  page  117  ante. 

289 


\   miniitf   <jl'  the    Managers,  entered  on  their  hooks  on  the  31st 

S|Kii;il   of  July  1S09,  stating  the  object  of  calling  the  contributors  together,  was 

MfftiiiK  111   ^^^^       l^  ^^.gjj  („  consider  "  the  expediency  of  disposing  of  such  parts 

CmitrihiUiirs.        ^     ,  ,  ,     ,  •  .       ,,  '  i  -       it         ■     i 

of  the  real  estates  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  as  are  not 

expressly  given  by   legacy,  or  donation,  to  be  added  to  the  capital 

stock  of  the  institution,  and  also  excepting   the  lots  surrounding  the 

Hospital  now  belonging   to  it,  which  are  purchased  for  the  benefit  of 

fresh  air." 

The    opinion   of  Charles  ("hauncey,  Esq.,  having  been  given  by 

request,  was  inserted  in  the  minutes  on  the  same  date  : 
Question  as  ' 

totlie  s.Tle  of  Qui'stion  :    Can  the   Contributors   to  the    Pennsylvania    Hospital  legally  sell 

real  estate,    and  convey  real  Kstate  of  wlikli  the  Corporation  is  possessed  in  "'  fee  simple  ?  " 

"  I  have  considered  of  the  foregoing  Question  Sc  am  of  opinion  that  theCorpo- 

Opinion  of    ration  may  sell  it  convey  real  Kstate  of  which  it  is  possessed  unless  restrained  by 

Charles    the  (Irant  under  which  it  is  holden  ;  the  Right  to  sell  and  Convey  its  real  Kstate  i< 

Chainicey,    I  conceive  incident  to  a  Corporation  of  this   Description   unless  the  Alienation  is 

Ksq.    restrained  or  prohibited  by  the  Charter  or  by  the  particular  (Irant  from  which  the 

Estate  is  derived.    In  the  Charter  to  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 

are  Contained  no  Words  which  limit  the   Power  to  sell  &  convey  ;  The  power 

therefore  exists  sulyect  only  to  the  other  restrictions  which  I  have  pointed  out. 

"  I  have  been  requested  to  advert  particularly  in  this  E.\amination  to  the  Will 

of  John  Keble  under  which  an  Allotment  of  Land  to  the    Hospital  has  been  ni.ule 

which  it  is  now  Contemplated   to  sell  ;   the  very  full  and  ample  terms  of  the  Will 

leave  no  doubt  in  my  Mind  that  the  Devisor  has  imposed   no  restraint  upon  the 

power  of  .Mienation  which  the  Corporation  upon  general   principles  possesses  in 

relation  to  the  Estate  he  has  devised  to  it." 

June  24,  1809.  Charles  Chaiincev. 

Managers  The  Contributors  having  emi)0\vered  the   Managers  to  dispose  of 

Knipowered   various  ground  rents,  and  real  estate  in  fee  simple,  in  Philadelphia  and 

yContri)-  gisgwhere,  this   duty   was   entrusted    to   a   Committee   consisting   of 

utors  to  Sell  ■'  ° 

Real  Kstate    I'homas  Stewardson,  William  Poyntell,  and   Zaccheus  Collins.     This 
in  Fee  Simple   Committee,  between  the  years  1809  and  1831,  sold  all  the  real  estate, 
and  except  that  specially  reserved  by  the  Contributor's  resolution,  and 
the  money  was  turned  in  to  the  capital  stock. 

Managers  The  Managers  deemed  it  inexpedient  and  opjjosed  to  the  best 

Object  to   interests  of  the  Hospital  to  have  its  property  occupied  by  the  Insane 
'^  "  "^.    Department  included  in  the  proposed  borough  of  West  Philadelphia. 
Propertv  in   Accordingly  they  jirepared  a  remonstrance  against   incorjuirating  the 
Borough   Pennsylvania   Hospital    land  in  the  Borough   of  West    Philadelphia, 
of  West   On  Feb.  25th,  1850,  on  motion,  a    respectful   memorial   was  directed 
I  p  na.   ^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^j^^  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania,  to  be  signed  by  the  President  and  Secretary 
of  the  Board,  against  the  incorporation  of  any  part  of  the  projjerty  of 
the  Hospital  with  the  borough  of  West  Phi ladel|)hia  and  this  forwarded 
to  the  Legislature. 

200 


Memokiai.  to  the  Lkijislatuke 
On  March  25,  1S50,  the  President  and   Secretary  laid  before  the  Board  the    ^'f'"'""''''*'  I" 
followinji   memorial  wliich   tiiey   addressed   to   the  Legislature  'if  Pennsylvania    *-egisiature. 
agreeably  to  the  directions  of  the  Board  at  the  last  meeting. 

To  llie  Siiiatc  mid  House  of  Rcpresentalivis  of  llw 

Coninionicealth  of  Peniisyh'ania. 

The  suhicrihers  by  direelioii  and  on  behalf  of  Ihe  Board  of  Managers 

of  the  Pennsyiz'ania  Hospital  represent : 

That  they  have  learned  that  a  bill  has  been  reported  to  your  honorable  Bodies 
enlarging  the  limits  of  the  present  borough  of  West  Philadelphia  so  as  to  include 
therein  about  1-2  of  the  premises  known  as  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the 
Insane.  Say  50  acres  and  all  the  buildings  connected  therewith.  Your 
memorialists  have  no  wish  or  intention  of  interfering  with  any  necessary  or 
proper  enlargement  of  said  borough  ;  but  they  feel  it  their  duty  to  represent  that 
the  Borough  can  in  no  wise  be  benefitted  by  its  e.\tension  over  any  part  of  the 
Hospital  property  ;  whilst  on  the  contrary  the  laying  out  of  streets  or  any  other 
e.vercise  of  Municipal  functions  within  the  said  premises  would  at  once  destroy 
their  whole  value  as  an  Institution  for  the  Insane  and  the  burden  of  Borough 
ta.\es  and  charges  would  be  needlessly  heavy  and  deduct  so  much  from  the 
charities  of  the  Corporation. 

They  further  represent  that  this  Institution  has  only  been  in  operation  nine 
years  after  an  outlay  of  nearly  ^(350, 000  for  the  purpose  of  its  foundation  and  that 
its  site  was  then  chosen  for,  and  still  remains  valuable  to  us  for  its  isolation, 
between  the  West  Chester  &  Haverford  Road,  and  its  consequent  separation  from 
neighboring  properties  ;  and  that  hence  the  exclusion  of  the  whole  of  the  said 
Hospital  property  by  name  from  within  the  limits  of  the  proposed  e.xtension  of 
said  Borough  can  in  no  way  effect  a  conflict  with  any  interest  or  good  purpose 
public  or  private  so  far  as  your  memorialists  know. 

They  therefore  pray  your  Honorable  Bodies  so  to  amend  the  proposed  law  as 
to  e.xclude  the  said  premises  now  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  from  the  limits  of  any  such  Borough  or  town  Corporation. 

And  they  will  ever  pray, 

Lawrence  Lewis,  President. 
G.  Roberts  Smith,  Secretary. 

The  following  draught  of  an  Act  was  submitted  the  next  year  : 

To  change  the  name  of  the  borough  of  West  Philadelphia  to  the  District  of  West 

Philadelphia,  and  relative  to  highways   in   the   Districts  of  Kensington  and 

Richmond,  in  the  county  of  Philadelphia 

Section  i,    Be  it   enacted,  &c.,  That  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  July  next 
the  municipal  district  incorporated  by  an  act  of  Assembly  passed  February  seven- 
teenth, one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty-four,  by  the  name  and  title  of  "The 
borough  of  West  Philadelphia,"  shall  be  known  by  the  name  and  title  of  "  The 
District  of  West  Philadelphia  ;"  and  the  name  of  the  councilmen  shall  be  changed     ^^.j  y,- 
to  that  of  commissioners,  and  that  of  burgess  to  president  of  commissioners,  but    j  ^.^islature 
that  they  shall  have  all  the  powers  and  be  subject  to  all  the  restrictions  conferred    r)efinin" 
by  e.xisting  laws  on  the  burgess  and  town  council.  [  ji,,;,^  7if 

Section  12,  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  boundary  of  the    Hospital 
district  of  West  Philadelphia  from  the  southeast  corner  of  Pennsylvania  Hospital,     (■munds. 


291 


shall  be  as  follows  ,  tln.-m-<.'  wcsl  from  said  corner  to  a  small  rivulit  ninning  through 
the  estate  of  the  late  John  Rose,  deceased,  thence  southwardly  along  the  centre 
of  said  creek  to  the  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  turnpike,  thence  eastwardly  along 
the  said  turn|>ike,  and  thence  as  described  in  the  act  approved  the  fourteenth  day 
of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty,  entitled  "A  Supplement  to 
incorporate  the  borough  of  West  Phil.adelphia,"  itc. 

Approved.  The  third  day  of  April,  A.  I),  one   thousand  eight  hundred  and 
fifty  one. 

\Vm.  F.  Johnston,  Gm'ernor. 

.\s  the  result  of  this  timely   action   on    the  pan   of  the    Hoard, 

there  \va.s  no  encroachment  ujion  the  property  of  the  Hospital  liy  the 

Borough  of  West  Philadelphia  and   the  grounds  were  ke|n  intact  for 

the  uses  of  the  insane  department. 

City  of  As    the    opening    of    city    streets    through    the   grotmd    of   the 

Philadelphia  Hospital  would  greatly  impair  its  llsefulne^s  for   the  ])tirposes  of  the 
rcstrtctccl 

-  Insane  Department,  the  Managers  determined  to   prevent   this  inirii- 
from  opening  '  '^  ' 

streets  sion  by  legal  means. 

through  To  restrict  the  [lower  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  to   thus  injure 

ground  of  the  pro])erty  occupied  by  the  Department  for  Insane,   the  Managers 

r     ,  voluntarily  offered  to  throw  out  and  dedicate  to  public  use  the  grotmd 

for  Insane.  -  . 

required  for  streets  on  tlie  eastern  and  western  boimdarics  of  the 
Hospital  pro]jerty,  if  the  Legislature  would  thereafter  forever  exempt 
the  grounds  occupied  by  the  Department  for  Insane  from  being  inter- 
sected, or  cut  into,  by  any  public  streets.  The  Legislature  accepted 
the  offer  and  passed  the  following  Act : 

An  Act  to  "  Section  i.  Be  it  enacted  S:c.  That  no  streets,  alleys,  road  or  lanes,  shall  ever 

prevent  be  opened  through  the  property  belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  the  Contributors 

Streets  being  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  situate  in  the  Twenty-fourth  ward  of  the  city  of 

laid  out  Philadelphia,  without  the  consent  of  the  said  corporation,   so   long   as  the  said 

through  the  property  is  used  for  the  purposes  of  their  Insane  Department,  any  to  the  contrary 

grounds  notwithstanding  :  Provided  That  said  corporation   shall  contribute  one  half  the 

without  the  ground  for  an  avenue,  on  their  east,  and  one  on  their  west,  line,  each,  one  hundred 

consent  of  the  feet  in  width,  without  charge  to  the  City  of  Philadelphia. 

Managers.  "  Approved.  The  seventeenth  day  of  April  one  thousanil  eight  Inindred  and 

fifty-four." 

W'M.  BicLER,  Gavftiior. 

The  proper  deeds  of  dedication  of  the  ground  for  the  streets  on 
the  said  east  and  west  sides  being  executed,  were  accordingly  delivered 
to  and  accepted  by  the  city  authorities,  thus  creating  a  legislative 
contract,  the  consideration  for  which  has  been  furnished  on  the 
Hospital  side,  which  can  be  safely  relied  on  to  protect  the  grounds  in 
the  future. 

The  sufficiency  of  the  contract  has  been  sustained  by  a  judicial 
inquiry  in  the  ca.se  of  the  improvement  of  Haverford  Street,  which  it 
was  proposed  by  the  Board  of  Surveys  to  widen,  by  taking  a  strip  off 

292 


the  Hospital  property.   Upon  objections,  on  behalf  of  the  Contriliutors, 

being  made,  it  was  held  by  the  Court,  that,  except  with  the  consent   The  Claim 

of  the  Contributors,  no  part   of  the  ground  was  liable  to  be  taken        Managers 
c  11-  1  ■  ,  1  1  1      ■  ,     ■         decided  by 

tor   any    public   street,    the    protection    under   the   above   legislative   ,.    p      ,   ■ 

contract  being  absolute.  favor  of  tlie 

In  the  ravine  separating  the  male  from  the  female  department,  Hospital, 
a  sewer  of  very  large  capacity,  extending  from  Haverford  Road  to 
Market  Street,  was  built  by  the  city  of  Philadelphia;  the  Hospital 
having  donated  to  the  city,  in  1891,  a  strip  of  ground  eighty  feet  wide 
from  Market  Street  to  Haverford  Avenue,  provided  that  this  sewer 
should  be  constructed  without  expense  to  the  Hospital,  (see  page  192 
ante).  The  attempt  of  the  city  authorities  to  open  a  street  over  this 
sewer  subsequently,  was  successfully  opposed  by  the  Managers 

The  Managers,  foreseeing  the  rise  of  a  contingency  in  the  growth    Purchase 
of  the  city  and  the  erection  of  many  buildings  around  the  Hospital   of  Farm  in 
propertv  in    West  Philadelphia,   which  in   the  future  might  make  it   r'^'-'>"'are 

J-  '  1       r  T^  r    .-       County, 

expedient  or  necessary  to  remove  the  Insane  Department  out  01  the 

city    limits,    have   recently  purchased  a    farm   in   Delaware  County, 

in  a  favorable  location.     This  is  now  used  for  convalescent  patients 

and  as  a  source  of  dairy  and  garden  supplies  for  the   Hospital,  as 

already  mentioned.     (See  page  193.) 

The   relation   of  the    Hospital  to  the  City  Government  and  the    Ta.\ation  of 

Commonwealth,  with  regard  to  the  question  of  taxation  of  its  propertv,    Hospital 
r       r^    ■  ■  1         ,  ■  r      ,  •    ■  '       Property. 

IS  of  surhcient   interest   to   warrant   the  devoting   o(    the   remaining 

portion  of  this  section  to  its  consideration. 

Towards  the  close  of  the  last  century,  the  city  of  Philadelphia 

levied  a  special   tax,  the  proceeds  of  which  were   to  be  devoted  to   \  Hospital 

building  a  hospital  for  quarantine  purposes  at  the  station  on  Little  ^^•'^  levied 

Tinicum   Island.      As   this  was  known    i)opularlv  as  the   "Hospital    ]:...  ].  .. 

'     '  -  '  Philadelphia. 

Tax,"  the  Managers  feared  that  the  income  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  might  be  affected  by  a  general  impression  that  their  institu- 
tion was  to  be  the  beneficiary  of  this  tax.  Accordingly,  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Managers,  held  January  26,  1795,  ^^^  Secretary  was  directed 
to  have  inserted  in  the  papers  and  distributed  in  hand-bills  throughout 
the  city  the  following  minute  : 

The  Managers  being  informed  that  many  of  their  fellow  citizens  entertain  an  Tht  Peniia. 

erroneous  opinion  that  the  Ta.\,   commonly  called  "  The  Hospital  Tax  "   which  Hospital 

they  have  lately  paid,  is  for  the  Use  of  the  House,  think  it  a  duty  they  owe  to  derived  no 

the  Contributors  to  inform  the  public  that  the  Institution  receives  no  benefit  there-  benefit  from 

from  ;  the   said    Ta.\    being   laid   for   the   said  purpose   of  erecting  a  building  to  Hospital 

accommodate   persons   with   infectious   diseases  ;  which    is  not  to  be  within  the  Tax. 
limits  of  Philadelphia.     The   Principal    Dependence   of  the   Contributors   to  the 
Pennsylvania    Hospital   is  on  the   Legacies   &   voluntary  Contributions  of  their 
charitable  &  humane  fellow  citizens,  throughout  the  City  and  State. 


Many  of  thi-se  whose  Minds  liavc  brvii   imi>resse<l  witii  tin-  necessity  there  is 
The  Hospital    of  supporting  this  \  ;iluable  .V   iiset'ul    Institution   liave   enabled    the  Managers  to 
maintained    maintain   the  liouse  at  a  great  Expense   upwards   of  forty  Years  by  tlie  accept- 
solely  by    able  Gifts  S;  bequests  they  have  added  at  various  times  to  the  Capital  Stock, 
charitable  Relying  still   with  a  firm  Confidence  on  the  well  known  benevolence  of  the 

ciii/ens.  Charitable  Citizens  of  Pennsylvania,  they  commend  the  Institution  to  their  further 
Notice  ;  iSc  as  the  funds  are  far  Short  of  being  adequate  to  the  heavy  Expences 
of  the  Mouse  the  Managers  do  not  expect  to  solicit  this  assistance  in  vain. 

Managers  Duriiij,'  the  early  struggles  of  the  Hospital,  when  it  so  frequentl)' 

'^  "'"'   aijpealed  to  the  .\ssembly  for  pecuniary  assistance  and  constantly  was 

exemption  >  i  ^  ^ 

for  Hosiiiial    '^^'*^  "P  before  the  benevolent  as  a  deserving  charity,  all  men  knew  of 
from  the   its  good  works  and  its  jjressing  needs,  and  even  the  benevolent  single 
payment   women  and  rich  widows  acknowledged   its  claims,  there  was  then   no 
o      axes.   {]jQj,g|,(^  j„    t|,^^   coniniiinity,  of  demanding  that    it    should    deplete 
its  resources  by  ])aying  taxes   to   the   Slate   or  cit\.      In    fact    it    was 
declared  a  jitire  charity  and  therefore  properly  exempt  from  such  taxa- 
tion.    There  came  a  time,  however,  when  an  attem|)t  wa.s  made  to 
a.ssess  the  i)roi)erty,  and  the  Managers  for  a  time  were  i)tit  to  consider- 
able trouble  and  some  expense  before  the  c|uestion  was  finally  decided 
in  their  favor. 

(On  March  2,s,  i8oS),  the  Managers,  being  informed  the  Assessors  intend  to  ta\ 

City  of   {he  real  Estate  of  the  Hospital  contrary  to  the  usage  &   jiractice   of  their   prede 

Philadelphia    ccssors  in  Office  since  the  foundation  of  the  Institution;  are  unanimous  in  their 

exempts  all    Opinion  the  said  tax  should  be  repelled  by  every  legal  means  in  our  power,  and 

tile  Kstates,    appoint  Zaccheus  Collins  and  Edward  Peiiinglon  to  attend  on  the  Days  of  Appeal 

including    3„j  Oaini  an  Exoneration  therefrom. 
Ground-rent 

of  the  The  Committee  appointed  to  wait  on  the  Commissioners  to  claim  an  exonera- 

Hospital    tion  for  the   Hospital  of  the    Payment  of  Tax,  Report  April    25,    1S08,  they   have 
from  Taxes,    performed  that  service  and  th,it  all  the  Estate  including  the  Ground   rent  have 
been  exempted  from  the  Taxes. 

Legal  opinion  William  Rawle's  Opinion  in  writing  w.as  given  by  him   &   found   to  be  very 

useful  in    useful  on  this  occasion  which  is  now  delivered  to  the  Treasurer  to  be  kept  among 

obtaining    the  records  of  the  Hospital  and  the  Committee  are  desired   to  return   to  William 

Exemption.    Rawle  thanks  for  his  services,  to  Edward  Tillghnian,  also  for   the  Ofler  ol    his 

Opinion  gratis  on  this  Subject. 

(On  January  13,  1.H09),  a  Letter  from  John  Dorseyof  the  loth.  Instant  informs 
the  Hoard  that  the  Question  is  likely  to  be  brought  on  in  the  Legislature  as  it 
regards  the  propriety  of  taxing  this  and  other  Charitable  Institutions  throughout 
the  State, 

Coinmiitee  As  an  Exemption  therefrom  will  be  very  important  to  the  Hospital  it  is  agreed 

appointed  to    that    Zaccheus    Collins,     Paschall    Hollingsworth   and    Samuel    Coales   draw   a 

prepare    Memorial  to  express  the  Sentiments  of  the   Managers  on  this   Subject  and  state 

Memorial  to    such  reasons  in  favor  of  an  exemption  to  the  Hospital  as  may  appear  to  them  to 

Legislature.    1^6  proper;  .And  when  the  Memorial  is  prepared  they  are  to  call  a  .Meeting  of  the 

Board  ;  and  lay  it  before  them. 

294 


At  a  meeting  held  January  23,  1809,  the  lollowing  Memorial  was 
read  and  appioved.  viz.  : 

To  tin-  Sf)iale  ami  Hoitw  of  Ref>rescnlatiz'fs  of  the 

ConimoHWcaUh  of  J'etinsylvania. 

'ilw  Miiiiorial  of  the  .'ifanasiers  and  Physicians  of  the 

J'ciinsyli'aiiia   Hosfnial  respectfully  shcvelh  ; 

That  a  part  of  the  Estate  of  the  said  Instilutiuii  Contrary  to  the  Usage  and 
practice  of  more  than  fifty  years  from  its  foundation  has  lately  been  assessed  for 
the  Payment  of  Taxes  to  the  injury  of  the  sick  poor  of  the  State  ;  and  Contrary  as 
your  Memorialists  apprehend  to  the  nature  of  the  Establishment  and  without 
adequate  benefit  to  the  Citizens  of  the  district  in  which  such  assessments  have 
been  made.  That  the  funds  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  have  invariably  been 
applied  to  the  benevolent  and  Charitable  purposes  for  which  they  were  designed, 
Your  Memorialists  need  only  refer  to  your  own  files  containing  Accounts  which 
have  been  every  year  submitted  to  Legislative  inspection  ;  that  they  deem  it 
superfluous  to  dilate  on  the  Utility  of  an  Institution  to  the  Commonwealth  at  large 
which  experience  has  tested  and  the  merits  of  which  have  on  several  occasions 
been  honorably  noticed  on  the  Minutes  of  the  Legislature.  Your  Memorialists 
believing  as  they  do  that  the  Commonwealth  never  intended  that  a  Charity  raised 
by  the  bounty  of  Government  and  of  private  persons  for  the  relief  of  the  Sick  and 
Miserable  of  Pennsylvania  should  be  taxed  for  any  purpose,  earnestly  request  and 
on  behalf  of  the  Sick  and  Insane  poor  of  Pennsylvania  Confidently  hope  that  you 
will  in  such  way  as  may  appear  best,  exempt  tlie  Estate  and  Funds  of  the  said 
Hospital  from  Taxation. 

When  the  above  Memorial  is  fairly  transcribed  the  President  and  Secretary 
are  desired  to  sign  it  on  behalf  of  the  Managers  :  and  Doctors  Rush  and  Wistar 
are  requested  to  sign  it  on  behalf  of  the  Physicians, — and  when  signed  Peter 
Browne,  Zaccheus  Collins  and  Samuel  Coates  are  appointed  to  go  to  Lancaster 
and  present  it  to  the  Legislature  with  the  last  Annual  Accounts. 

Peter  Browne  &  Samuel  Coates  report  on  February  27,  1809,  that  they  pro- 
ceeded to  Lancaster  ^t  waited  there  One  Week,  during  which  time  they  presented 
to  the  Legislature  the  Annual  Accounts  to  the  4th.  Month  (.\prili  1808,  also  the 
Memorial  to  both  houses  ;  the  House  of  Representatives  referred  the  Memorial  to 
a  Committee  who  reported  by  a  bill  in  favor  of  exempting  the  hospital  from  the 
payment  of  Taxes  which  bill  was  debated  and  rejected  in  the  said  House. 

On  March  27,  1S09,  the  Assembly  not  having  legislated  on  the  Memorial 
claiming  an  Exemption  from  the  payment  of  Taxes  it  is  agreed  to  refuse  payment 
and  to  have  a  Case  tried  in  the  Supreme  Court.  Zaccheus  Collins,  Thomas 
Stewardson  &  Samuel  Coates  are  appointed  a  Committee  to  engage  any  Three 
Attornies  they  may  approve  to  defend  the  Institution  on  any  suit,  which  may  be 
brought  for  a  Tax  by  the  Collectors. 

Robert  Allen  the  Collector  of  Taxes  for  New  Market  Ward  &  as  Collector  for 
Cedar  Ward  has  sent  in  an  Account  for  City,  County,  Poor  &  Health  Taxes  for 
the  Year  Eighteen  hundred  S:  Eight  Amounting  altogether  to  Three  hundred  & 
Eighty  One  Dollars  iS;  Seventeen  Cents  the  payment  of  which  he  demanded  and 
being  refused  he  has  levied  on  Hay  on  our  Easternmost  Lot  and  says  he  will  call 
on  Seventh  (Saturday  1  Day  Morning  Next  at  Eleven  Oclock  to  know  if  the  Board 
w  ill  pay  him  to  prevent  the  Sale  of  our  Property  for  the  said  Taxes,  which  being 
Considered,  the  Managers  agree  to  refuse  Payment  and  if  he  proceeds  to  Sale  they 


Legislative 

Memorial  of 

Managers 

asking 

exemption 

from 

Ta.vatioii. 


.Memorial 
presented 
with  the 
Accounts  of 
the  Hos|iital. 

Bill  to 
exempt 
Hospital 
debated  and 
rejected. 

Managers 
refuse 
payment 
of  Taxes. 


Taxes  levied, 
payment 
demanded 
and  refused, 
by  advice 
of  Counsel. 


^95 


will,  if  it  call  be  done,  purchasu  the  Articles  so  seized  Sc  sold;  and  bring  an 
Action  of  Trespass  on  tile  Case  aKainst  the  Officers  ;  this  Measure  being  recom- 
mended by  William  Rawie  except  so  far  as  relates  to  the  Taxes  on  Ground  Rents  ; 
which  it  is  agreed  the  Tenants  may  pay  and  the  Treasurer  may  discount  them 
from  said  Ground  Rents 

County  Com-  July  31.  1S09,  "Robert  Allen  having  seized    for   the  Taxes  and 

inissioner  sold   our  Cows,  Hay  iVc.  the  same  were  purchased  by  Captain  Wm. 

sells  Cows,   Vicary  of  whom  the  Steward  afterwards  bought  them  for  the  House. 

the  Hospital    '^^^  Committee  are  continued  to  bring  the  Action  for  Trespass  in  this 

Case  agreeably  to  the  Minute  of  Sixth  Month  (June)  last." 

I  On  May  27,   18111,  the  Late   Ordinance   exempting  the  Vacant    Lots   from 
Taxation  in  the  City  Tax  is  directed  to  be  inserted  in  our  Manuscript   Copies  of 
the  Laws. 
Action  for  (On  November  30,    i.sui,  the  Action  for  Trespass  against  Robert  Allen.  Col- 

trespass    lector   of  taxes   having   been   decided   and   Charles   Chauncey    Ksquire   having 
brought;    managed  the  Cause  with  Industry  and  Ability  tho'  without  Success  and  having 
Decision    declined  to  receive  pecuniary  s.ilisfaction  for   his  Services  the  Hoard  direct  this 
against  the    minute   as   an    Evidence  of   their   Sense   of  the   Obligation   conferred   by   their 
Hospital.    Counsel. 

(  February  13,  181 31,  Samuel  Coates,  Joseph  S.  Lewis  and  Thomas  P.  Cope  were 
appointed  a  Committee  to  draft  a  Memorial  to  the  Legislature  now  sitting  at 
Harrisburg  soliciting  an  Exemption  from  Taxation  of  the  buildings  and  Lois  the 
property  of  this  Institution  and  to  cause  the  same  to  be  presented  without  delay. 
The  President  and  Secretary  are  requested  to  sign  the  said  Memorial  on  behalf 
of  the  Board  and  the  Physicians  are  respectfully  desired  to  give  it  their  Signatures. 

On  the  22d,  the  Committee  appointed  to  draft  a  Memorial  to 
the  Legislature  reported  that  one  had  been  forwarded,  of  which  the 
following  is  a  copy  : 

Memorial  to  /""  ""   Sfiuile  and  Honsf  of  Kt-finseiilalwcs  of  the  Commomtealth  of 

Legislature  Pfiiitsylvania. 

to  exempt        The  Memorial  of  llie  Afanagtrs  and  Physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
Hospital  respectfully  shcuelh  .- 

from 
Taxation  That  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  have  at  difl'erent   periods  made  very 

liberal  grants,  towards  building  of  said  Hospital. 

That  the  few  vacant  lots  belonging  to  the  said  Hospital,  and  which  are  only 
separated  from  it  by  the  Intervention  of  Streets,  were  |)urch.ased  by  the  Contribu- 
tors for  the  following  I'ses, 

ist  to  erect  thereon  such  buildings,  as  should  be  deemed  necessary  appendages 
to  the  Establishment. 

2iid  to  keep  the  Hospital  at  a  proper  distance,  from  the  dwellings  of  private 
Citizens,  as  a  precaution  against  the  ravages  of  lire. 

3d  to  keep  the  buildings  sufficiently  open  to  fresh  Air,  which  the  Physicians, 
consider  indispensably  necessary  to  the  Restoration  of  the  Patients. 

4tli  To  preserve  a  small  range  for  the  Cows  belonging  to  the  Hospital,  fresh 
Milk  being  deemed  of  great  importance  in  dressing  the  wounds  of  the  Patients  & 
being  moreover  a  principal  .\rticle  of  diet  for  the  Sick. 

296 


,Sth  fur  small  Plots,  on  which  to  exercise  occasionally  the  convalescent 
Lunatics,  for  whom  moderate  Labor  is  sometimes  recommended,  as  a  means  of 
recovery. 

Such  have  been  the  motives  for  purchasing  these  lots. 

Duly  appreciating  these  Motives,  the  City  and  County  Commissioners  were 
in  the  practice  for  nearly  fifty  years  of  exempting  these  Lots  from  Taxation  but 
lately,  the  assessors  have  returned  them  and  the  Taxes  have  been  enforced,  to  the 
manifest  Injury  of  the  Institution,  and  contrary  as  your  memorialists  apprehend, 
to  the  Spirit  of  the  Charter,  and  it  must  be  obvious  that  in  proportion  to  the 
extent  of  these  Exactions,  must  the  Institution  be  deprived  of  the  means  of 
difT"using  its  Charity  to  the  suflering  stranger,  and  the  afflicted  of  the  Common- 
uealth  at  large. 

On  a  suitable  representation  to  the  City  Councils,  they  have  by  Ordinance 
exempted  the  Hospital  property  from  assessment  for  City  Purposes,  but  the 
County  Commissioners  continue  their  Assessment. 

Your  memorialists  therefore  respectfully  request  you  will  be  pleased  tu  take 
the  premises  into  your  serious  Consideration,  and  exempt  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  the  lot  on  which  it  is  erected,  and  the  vacant  lots  of  the  Institution  from 
taxation,  so  long  as  they  shall  be  retained  for  the  purposes  set  forth  in  this 
Memorial. 

Signed  by  the  President  and  Secretary,  and  all  the  Physicians. 

Nothing  having  resulted  from  the  above  petition,   the  Managers 
a  year  later  determined  to  make  another  appeal.   On  October  31,  181 4, 

Samuel  Coates,  Samuel  W.  Fisher,  and  Thomas  P.  Cope  are  a  Committee  to 
essay  a  Memorial  to  the  Legislature  to  be  submitted  to  the  Board  at  their  next 
Stated  Meeting,  Craving  an  exemption  of  the  Hospital  property  from  taxation. 

The  Committee  appointed  on  the  Tenth  month  (October),  31st  committee 

last,  to  prepare  a  memorial  to  the   Legislature  craving  an   exemption  to  prei)are 

of  the  Hospital  property  from  taxation,  reported,  December  26,  1814,  Memt-nai  to 

an  essay  which  beins  read  and  considered  was  with  some  small  altera-  ^^'^  "*  ""^"^ 
tions  agreed  to,  and  the  President  was  requested  to  forward  the  same, 
signed  by  himself  and  the  Secretary  to  the  Legislature. 


reports. 


To  the  Senate  and  House  0/  RepresentaHves  of  the  Commonwealth  Memorial 

of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  i[el.  assigns 

The  Memorial  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  reasons  for 

Hospital  Respectfully  sheucth,  exempting 

That  by  the  bounty  of  Government  &  the  liberality  of  Individuals  the  Hospital  from 
Hospital  &  Buildings  appurtenant  thereto  were  erected  &  paid  for,  the  Square  of 
Ground  on  which  the  same  stands  having  been  in  part  the  Gift  of  Thomas  & 
Richard  Penn  and  in  part  purchased  by  the  Contributors  without  Governmental 
Aid.  So  the  several  Vacant  Lots  in  the  Neighbourhood  being  all  nearly  Con- 
tiguous and  separated  only  by  the  intersection  of  Streets  were  purchased  and  paid 
for  by  the  Contributors  without  public  aid.  That  the  last  mentioned  Lots  were 
purchased  with  a  view  to  the  health  of  the  Patients  &  the  Security  of  the 
Buildings  and  are  so  kept  not  yielding  to  the  Institution  any  income  whatever  and 
saving  only  so  much  as  would  otherwise  be  necessary  expended  in  hay  and 
pasture  for  the  Cows  and  Horses  belonging  thereto.     That  the  Number  of  poor 

297 


piTSons  aHlicU'd  with  various  diseases  of  iniinl  and  body  wlm  have  l>eeii  main- 
tained by  the  Cor|>oral ion  within  the  hist  Ten  Years  in  the  Hospital  Amount  to 
One  Thousand  seven  Hundred  iV  sixty  three  I)eing  an  average  of  mie  hundred 
and  seventy  six  and  upwards  Per  Anniim.  And  the  number  of  poor  who  have  been 
attended  by  I'hysicians  and  furnished  with  Medicines  at  the  expense  of  the 
Corporation  Out  of  the  House  in  the  same  Space  of  time  Amounts  ti>  ten  thousand 
three  hundreil  and  forty  four  beiuK  an  Average  of  One  thousand  and  thirty  four 
per.  Annum.  That  the  whole  Amount  of  the  Annual  income  which  arises  from 
Monies  loaned,  Ciround-rents.  Stock  of  the  Inited  States  Hanks  and  other  public 
Institutions  is  no  more  than  seven  thousand  five  hundred  Dollars  eV  thirty  five  Cents. 
That  Notwithstanding  this  extensive  l"tility  compared  with  the  active  funds  of  the 
Hospital,  the  City  &  County  of  Philada.  have  recently  assumed  to  impose  a 
grievous  Ta.\  upon  the  said  vacant  Lots  there  having  been  Assessed  levied  and 
collected  thereon  under  their  Authority  and  for  their  exclusive  I'ses  for  the  Year 
1S14,  no  less  than  One  thousand  one  hundred  .V  thirty  four  Dollars  Jk  twenty 
eight  Cents  being  a  Sum  far  exceeding  the  .Annual  saving  from  these  Lots  and 
more  than  One  seventh  part  of  the  Whole  .■\nnual  income  of  the  Hospital  Estate. 
And  the  Managers  would  perhaps  be  wanting  in  duty  to  the  Institution  were  they  to 
Omit  an  Allusion  to  another  and  greater  Burthen  which  threatens  their  funds  if 
the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia  contitnie  to  be  authorised  to  levy  and  collect 
the  Tax  The  burthen  they  mean  is  the  I'nited  States  direct  Tax,  which  if  the 
Bill  now  before  Congress  should,  as  seems  probable,  be  |>assed  intoa  Law,  the  Tax 
thereby  imposed  not  assumed  by  the  Stale  of  Pennsylvania  &  the  Hospital  Estate 
be  Assessed  agreeably  to  the  County  rales  and  levies,  will  more  than  double  the 
burthen.  Whereas  if  the  State  Legislature  should  in  Wisdom  exonerate  the 
Hospital  Estate  from  taxation,  the  law  of  the  I'nited  States  will  not  affect  it.  To 
your  Memorialists  it  appears  to  involve  a  serious  contradiction  to  the  bounty  of 
the  Legislature  that  they  should  .-Vnthorise  One  Section  of  the  State  to  impose 
such  a  burthen  upon  a  Charitable  Institution  which  the  State  at  large  lias  so 
materially  Contributed  to  raise  to  its  present  Usefulness.  They  therefore  respect- 
fully solicit  the  Legislature  to  grant  them  relief  in  the  premises  by  passing  a  Law 
to  prohibit  the  further  imposition  of  Ta.\es  upon  the  property  and  estate  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  your  Memorialists  will  acknowledge  the  favour  in 
behalf  of  the  Poor  and  alflicted  of  the  state  at  large  for  whose  benefit  the  Charity 
was  intended  without  partiality  or  preference  of  One  Section  to  another. 

On  January  30,  1815,  "  Samuel  Coates.  Samuel  W.  Fisher  and 
Joseph  I.ownes,  are  a  Committee  to  attend  at  Harrisburg  on  the  sub- 
ject of  otir  Memorial  now  pending  before  the  Legislature.'' 

The  Committee  appointed  to  that  service  reported  February  27, 
unsuccessful.  '815,  that  they  had  been  to  Harrisburg,  but  had  again  returned 
unsuccessful. 


Committee 


\'acant  Lots  "^"  April  8,  18151  a  Question  on  the  necessity  for  returning  the  Lots.  Buildings 

liable  to  U  S     ■""^  Furniture  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  the  Collector  of  the  United  States 

Direct  Tax      direct  Taxes  for  the  first  district  of  Pennsylvania  having  been  brought  before  the 

Board  ;  it  was  determined   that  the  Treasurer  make  a  return  of  the  vacant  Lots 

but  that  the  House,  Lot  on   which  it   Stands  aiul   Furniture   were  exempt   from 

Taxation. 

The  Councils  of  Philadelphia   were   next   petitioned   to  e.xempt 
the  vacant  lots  of  the  Hospital  from  ta.xation  : 

29S 


(October  30,  1815)  the  Managers  appointed  a  Committee,  to  petition  the  Select 
&  Common  Councils  to  exempt  the  vacant  lots  of  this  Institution  from  Taxation 
They  are  likewise  to  prepare  a  Memorial  to  the -State  Legislature  on  the  same 
subject. 

(On  November  27,  1815)  the  Committee  appointed  at  the  last  Meeting  to  peti- 
tion the  Select  &  Common  Councils  to  exempt  the  Vacant  Lots  of  this  Institution 
from  Taxation  report  that  they  had  done  so. 

The  same  Committee  reported  that  they  had  not  yet  prepared  a  Memorial  to 
the  State  Legislature  believing  it  better  to  wait  the  Issue  of  the  application  to  the 
City  Councils. 

On  December  25,  1815,  the  Committee  on  the  Memorial  to  the  Philadelphia 
City  Councils  report  the  successful  result  of  their  ai)plication  and  that  Councils,  by 
Councils  had  passed  the  following  : 

'  *^  exempts 

vacant  lots  of 
An   Ordinance    For    exempting    from    Taxation    certain    vacant     Lots    of   „       ... 
*^  .    "  Hospital 

ground  the  property  of  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  appropn-    , 

ated  to  the  purposes  of  the  Institution. 

\VnKRi-;.\s  the  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  assisted  by  the 
benevolent  donations  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  after  having  made  large 
expenditures  in  erecting  valuable  and  commodious  Buildings  and  in  establishing 
the  institution  upon  a  liberal  and  philanthropic  plan,  deemed  it  necessary  to  obtain 
possession  of  various  lots  of  ground  adjacent  to  the  lot  on  which  the  buildings  of 
the  Hospital  stand  and  acquired  the  same  by  purchase  for  the  purpose  of  provid- 
ing for  a  free  circulation  of  air  and  for  securing  a  site  for  the  additional  buildings 
which  the  encrease  of  population  might  render  necessary.  And  VVhere.^s  for 
a  long  series  of  years  the  Hospital  was  unoppressed  by  taxesby  Common  Consent 
ol  the  Authorities  who  .Assess  and  Collect  the  same  ;  and  it  being  manifestly 
iinpolitick  to  diminish  b\'  taxation  the  funds  of  an  Institution  derived  from  Public 
and  Private  Munificence  and  subservient  to  the  cause  of  humanity  &  benevolence, 
an  Institution  in  which  the  friendless  and  destitute  of  every  nation  may  claim  an 
interest,  and  derive  comfort  and  assistance  ;  Therefore, 

Section  i.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Citizens  of  Philadelphia  in  Select  and  Com- 
mon Councils  assembled,  That  the  several  lots  of  ground  belonging  to  the  Con- 
tributors to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
lots  on  which  the  buildings  of  the  said  Hospital  are  erected  and  only  separated 
therefrom  by  the  intervention  of  Public  Streets  shall  be  hereafter  wholly  exonerated 
and  exempted  from  .Assessment  and  taxation  of  any  sum  or  sums  of  Money  which 
hath  or  have  been  or  may  hereafter  be  directed  by  ordinance  of  the  Select  & 
Common  Councils  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  to  be  Assessed,  raised,  levied,  or  col- 
lected for  any  use  or  purposes  whatever  upon  the  estates  real  or  personal  within 
thesaid  City,  which  exemption  from  taxation  hereafter  granted  shall  Continue  in  full 
force  and  operation  only  so  long  as  the  lots  aforesaid  shall  remain  as  they  now  are 
unoccupied  by  buildings  or  may  be  occupied  by  buildings  appropriated  exclu- 
sively and  alone  to  jiromoting  the  Comfort  of  the  Patients  or  the  Convenience  and 
improvement  of  the  Institution  but  from  which  no  income  rent  or  revenue  ma\' 
be  derived  thereto. 

Section  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted  That  if  any  tax  heretofore  Assessed  by 
the  City  Commissioners  on  the  lots  aforesaid  or  any  of  them  now  remains  due 
and  unpaid  by  the  said  Contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  the  Collector 
appointed  to  receive  and  Collect  the  same  the  said  tax  shall  be  and  is  hereby 
remitted  and  the  City  Commissioners  are  authorized  and  directed  to  include  the 

299 


Atnuunt  thereof  ill  till- allowance  to    be  made    to   sucli    Collector    upon    the  final 
Settlement  of  his  duplicate. 

Enacted  into  an  Ordinance  at  Philadelphia  the  fourteenth  day  of  December 
in  the  ^'<ar  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  i*t  fifteen. 

Ja.mivs  S.  Smith,  Pitst.  oj  llic  Com.  Oniiicil. 
RoBKRT  Ritchie,  Presl.  of  llu  Sfl.  Cotiii. 
John  C.  Lowiikk,  Clerk  of  the  Common  Cuuiuil. 

December  28,  1815,  ihe  Coiniiiittee  appointed  at  the  last  meeting, 
to  prepare  a  Memorial  to  the  State  Legislattire,  submitted  the  same, 
which  was  adojitcd  and  the  President  requested  to  sign  and  forward 
the  same  to  Harrisbiirg  : 

Till  Aff  mortal  of  Ihe  Managers  of  Ihe  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Rcspeclftilly 

Shcwelh  : 
That  application  was  made  at  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature  to  pass  an 
Legislature    Act  to  E.xonerate  the  IIosi)ital   Buildings  &  the  vacant  l..ts  in  their  \'icinity  from 
again  asked    Xa.xation,  on  several  grounds  stated  in  a  Memorial  then  i)rescnted  ;  and  although 
to  exempt    y,,,,,.  Memorialists  forbear  to  trespass  on  the  time  of  the  Legislature  by  repeating 
Hospital    ,|,j.  language  then  Submitted,  yet  they  deem  it  a  duty  they  owe  to  the  Interest  of 
property.    j|,g  Institution  and  may  they  not  add,  to  the  comfort  of  the  Sick  ami  Indigent,  to 
renew  their  aiiplicatiun.     That  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  alTords  a  Charity  of  no 
small   Importance  to  the  Citizens  of  Pennsylvania,  and  especially  to  those  of  the 
City  and  County  of   Philadelphia  because  of  their  vicinity  to  the  Hospital,  is  a 
proposition  which  cannot  be  fairly  controverted  ;    and  that  independent  of  the 
fostering  hand  which   has  been   from  time  to  time  extended   by  the  Legislature 
itself,  all  the  funds  of  the  Corporation  are  derived  from  the  Purses  of  humane  and 
benevolent  Individuals.     That  it  appears  to  your  Memorialists  extraordinary  and 
perhaps  without  example  that  a  Hospital  founded  and  maintained  by  the  Hounty 
of  Government  and  of  its  Citizens,  should  be  deemed  a  proper  Object  of  Taxation 
and  they  beg  leave  to  present  it  as  a  question  worthy  the  iiuiuiry  of  the  Represen- 
tatives of  a  great  and  free  State,  whether  there  is  to  be  found  in  the  Annals  of  any 
other  one  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  Section  of  Europe,  or,  in  a  word,  of  any 
Government  in  the  Civilized  World,  an  instance  of  imposing  or  ijermitling  to  be 
imposed,  a  ta.\  on  the  Liberality  of  their  own  Acts,  or  of  their  subjects  or  Citizens. 
Your  Memorialists  feel  the  more  encouraged  again  to  address  you  on  this  interest- 
ing subject,  as  it  has  engaged  the  attention  not  only  of  the  Contributors  to  the 
Hi>spital  Funds,  but  of  the  Citizens  of  Philadelphia  and  its  Vicinity  at  large,  who, 
as  your   Memorialists  understand  are  prepared  to  express  their   Sentiments  to 
your  respective  Houses.     Under  all  the  Circumstances  they  should  think  them- 
selves fully  warranted  in  asking  an  entire  exoneration  of  all  their  Corporate  Estate 
from  Taxation  ;    but  they  Content  themselves  with  repeating  their  request,  that 
the  Hospital  Buildings,  the  Lot  on  which  they  are  erected,  and  the  vacant  Lots  in 
the  neighborhood  thereof  and  separated  therefrom  only  by  the  intersection  of 
streets  be  so  exonerated  :  and  this  they  earnestly  iS:  confidently  Solicit. 
Collector  of  (On  February  8,  1816)  the  President  stated  that  he  had  called  this  Meeting  in 

U.  S.  Direct    Consequence  of  the  information  received  from  the  collector  of  the  United   States 
Tax  made    Direct  Tax  that  there  had  been  Assessed  on  the  Vacant  Lots  of  the  Hospital  for 
assessment    the  Year  1815  the  sum  of  5633.31  100,  and  having  doubts  in   his  mind  whether  it 
on  the    might  not  be  expedient  to  apply  to  the  proper  Authority  for  a  remission  he  had 
vacant  lots,    thought  it  right  to  consult  the  Board  on  the  subject.     After  some  Consideration 
it  is  agreed  to  make  no  such  application  for  the  present. 

300 


The   Committee  reported,  March  25.  1S16,  that  the  Legislature 
of  the  State  had  just  passed  the  following  Act,  exempting  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  property  from  taxation,  and  for  other  purposes ; 
(Extract  from  an  Act  for  the  Relief  of  the  Pennsvlvania  Hospital.) 

"The  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  together  with  the  lot  or  square  whereon  the  same 
is  erected,  and  the  adjacent  lots  now  emi)loyed  in  direct  aid  and  occupation  of  the 
said  institution,  shall  be  and  remain  free  from  the  payment  01  taxes  as  long  as  the 
same  shall  be  directly  occupied  and  employed  as  at  present  for  humane  and 
charitable  purposes." 

Approved  the  nineteenth  day  of    March,   one  thousand  eight   hundred  and 

sixteen. 

(Signed)    Simon  Snyder. 

On  the  2yth  of  .\pril,  the  Committee  report  that  they  had  forwarded 
to  our  Representatives  in  Congress,  this  Memorial  requesting  exemp- 
tion from  taxation  : 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represciilaliz'es  of  llif 

United  Stales  in  Congress  Assembled. 

The  Memorial  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 

respectfully  Shewelh  : 

That  the  said  Hospital  was  founded  by  an  Association  of  Benevolent  individ- 
uals, endowed  by  them  and  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  has  been  supported 
during  all  the  Term  of  its  existence  by  private  Contribution,  and  that  its  funds 
are  immediately  or  remotely  applied  wholly  to  the  relief  and  maintenance  of  the 
indigent  who  are  afflicted  either  with  Corporal  or  Mental  Maladies.  That  the 
Institution  having  had  its  Origin  in  Charity,  and  its  funds  having  been  uniformly 
applied  to  Charitable  purposes,  it  seems  to  Your  Memorialists  Consistent  with 
sound  reason,  policy  and  humanity,  that  Government  should  Cherish  rather  than 
distress  it;  nor  can  they  believe  that  tlie  National  Legislature  had  this  or  similar 
Institutions  in  view,  as  objects  of  Revenue.  The  Assessor  of  this  District,  how- 
ever, finding  no  exemption  in  favor  of  the  Institution  in  any  Law  of  this  State, 
caused  the  property  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  including  the  Hos- 
pital itself,  to  be  assessed,  in  the  same  manner  as  if  it  were  private  property,  and 
productive  of  profit  to  the  owners;  And  in  consequence  of  such  Assessment  a 
demand  has  been  made  by  the  Collector  of  the  revenue  of  the  first  district  of 
Pennsyla.  for  the  sum  of  $633.33  being  the  amount  of  the  Tax  for  the  year  1815 

Your  Memorialists  deem  it  proper  briefly  to  State  for  the  further  information 
of  Congress  that  the  City  and  County  of  Philadelphia  did  within  a  few  years 
impose  a  Tax  on  part  of  the  property  of  the  Institution  other  than  the  Hospital 
Buildings  and  the  Lot  of  Ground  on  which  tliey  are  erected,  but  that  the  Build- 
ings and  Lot  on  which  they  stand  were  never  considered  objects  of  Taxation. 
That  the  property  which  was  so  assessed  consists  of  vacant  Lots  in  the  Vicinity  of 
the  Hospital  and  separated  therefrom  only  by  the  Intersection  of  Streets  ;  and  that 
Your  Memorialists  applied  to  the  City  Councils,  and  the  Legislature  of  the  State, 
to  e.\onerate  this  Institution  from  the  burthen  ;  which  applications  they  have  the 
pleasure  to  state  were  deemed  so  reasonable,  that  those  bodies  respectively  since 
the  Act  of  Congress  imposing  the  District  Tax,  passed  an  Act  granting  the  request 
of  Your  Memorialists  ;  so  that  now  neither  the  Hospital  Buildings,  the  Lot  on 
which  they  are  erected  nor  the  Vacant  Lots  in  the  vicinity,  are  liable  to  any 
demands  in  the  nature  of  a  Tax  in  Pennsvlvania. 


Pennsylvania 

Legislature 

exempts 

Hospital 

and  vacant 

lots  from 

Taxation. 


Memorial  to 

Congress 

requesting 

exemption 

from 

Taxation. 


30 ' 


RclyiiiK  llierefcirc  oil  llif  Juslicu  >V  Propriety  of  tlieir  present  appeal  to  the 
Highest  Tribunal  ol  their  Country,  Your  Memorialists  earnestly  solicit  that  the 
Funds  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  may  not  be  reduced  by  the  Assessment,  but 
that  Congress  will  grant  them  relief  in  the  premises  ;  by  so  doing  they  will  in 
etfect  add  to  the  Comfort  of  the  poor  and  alllicted. 

(Signed)  Samuki.  Coatks,  Pres'l. 
Thomas  P.  Coi-K,  Sei'y. 

I'aymeni  of  'lit;   treasurer  reported  "that  he  had  paid  on  May  27.  1816,  the 

U.  S.  Direct  Collector  of  the  United  States  direct  Tax  the  amount  charged  in  the 
Taxon  Estate   Hospital  estate,"  xvhii  h  was  api)roved. 

The  land  selected  and  purchased  in  1836  for  the  Department  for 
^         ,   the  Insane,  \vas  Matthew  Arrison's  farm  of  one  hundred  and  one  acres. 

Ground 

Purchased   'o   which  additional   purchases  of  about   ten  acres,  and   some  other 

for  Peiina.   small   lots   adjoining,    \vere  located    two  miles    west    of  the    city    of 

Hospital  for   Philadelphia,  between    West    Chester  and   Haverford    Roads,  on  the 
Insnnc 

latter  of  which  was  the  entrance,  (all  this  locality  is  now  included  in 

the  Twenty-fourth  Ward  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.) 

Act  March  ^^  ''^^  •■^*-''  '^^  '816  e.vempted  from  taxation  only  the  property  then 

19,  1816,   owned    by  the    Hospital,  jjroijerty  subsequently   acijuired    remained 

Exempting  subject  to  taxation  as  other  real  estate.  To  procure  the  benefits  desired 

"t*'"'k[™'"   fi'O"^  ''^^  ^^^  °^  1816,  therefore  it  became  necessary  to  again  petition 

Include  '^'''■'  I-egislature  to  exempt  from  taxation  all  the  Estate  of  the  Hospital. 

.■\ddilional  (q„  ^o\.  30,  1838)  the  Committee,  appointed  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Board 

Property    ^f  Managers  to  prepare  a  Memorial  to  the  approaching  session  of  the  Legislature 

Piirinased.    i-efpiesting  to  have  exempt  from  taxation  all  the  Estate  of  the  Corporation,  now 

produced  one  which  was  adopted,  and  the  President  requested  to  sign  and  forward 

it  to  llarrisburg — the  effort  was  not  successful.     (November  25,  1844)  On  Motion 

Resolved,  that  a  committee  of  two  be  appointed  to  memorialize  the  Legislature  for 

the  remission  of  the  Hospital   property  from  taxation — Lawrence  Lewis  and  O. 

Roberts  Smith  were  appointed. 

Ti>  till    Honorable   the    Senate  and  House   of  Represinlatives   0/  the    Stale   of 
M  m  ri  1  to  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  d'e. 

Legislature  Z^"'  I'etition  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 

to  exempt  respectfully  represents: 

from  Taxes  That  their  Institution  was  incorpor.ited  in  1751.  under  the  title  of  the  "  ("on- 

all  the  tributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital'"  for  the  purpose  of  saving  and  restoring 
Estates  of  useful  and  laborious  members  to  the  community  and  the  relief  of  the  sick,  poor 
the  Hospital,  and  Insane,  ,S:c.  since  which  time  to  the  27th  of  April  \.  D.,  1844  there  have  been 
received  therein  41,414  p.atients  of  whom  22,595  have  been  poor,  and  maintained 
and  treated  wholly  at  the  expense  thereof.  Your  honorable  bodies  are  referred  to 
the  annual  statements  of  the  atTairs  of  the  Institution,  regularly  laid  before  you 
for  further  information  on  regard  to  its  usefulness. 

Your  petitioners  represent  that  in  order  to  further  so  great  a  charity,  your 
honorable  bodies  besides  furnishing  pecuniary  .xssistance,  passed  a  law  on  the  19th 
of  March,  1816  exempting  said  Hospital  and  its  adjacent  lots  from  the  payments 
of  taxes,  so  long  as  the  same  should  be  employed  for  humane  and  charitable 
purposes. 

302 


Tliat  in    i8;i6,  in  consequence  of  the  increased   number  of  patients   and  of 
many    imijrovements   particularly    in  the  cure  of  the   Insane  the   Contributors    Memorial  to 
enlarged  their  Institution  by  the  erection  of  a   separate   establishment  for  these    Legislature 
unfortunate  beings  on  one  estate  bought  for  that  purpose  in   Blockley  Township,    jg  exempt 
Phila.  County  which  was  finished  in  1841  and  to  which  your  petitioners  point  with    property  from 
satisfaction  as  one  of  the  noblest  Institutions  and   most  efficient  charities  in  the    taxation. 
Union.     The  funds  with  which  this  important  improvement  was  effected  were  the 
proceeds  of  sales  of  the  lots  adjacent  to  the  Hospital  in  the  City  so  as  aforesaid 
exempted  from  taxation  ;  so  that  these  lots  became  taxable  at  that  time   again, 
and  so  continue,  the   assessments  of  them  and   the  improvements   thereon  being 
now  considerably  over  $475,000.00. 

As  the  words  of  the  exempting  act  above  recited  do  not  cover  purchases  made 
by  the  Hospital  after  its  date,  the  newly  acquired  property  thereof  remains  tax- 
able and  is  taxed  as  ordinary  property.  And  your  petitioners  respectfully  request 
a  further  and  general  exemption  from  taxation  of  their  estates  for  state  County 
and  poor  purposes  on  the  specific  grounds  that  the  whole  income  from  permanent 
sources  is  annually  expended  upon  the  poor  patients  of  the  Institutions  by  their 
charter  provided,  thereby  relieving  the  state  and  county  in  exercising  the  charity 
of  their  foundation,  by  maintaining  caring  for  and  curing  a  large  number  of  the 
sick  and  insane  poor  thereof;  and  further  by  the  change  in  their  Institution  as 
above  set  forth  they  have  contributed  to  the  taxable  property  of  the  County  an 
amount  twenty  times  as  great  as  that  for  which  they  ask  an  exemption. 

Under  these  convictions  and  with  the  belief  that  every  dollar  saved  for  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  extraneous  outlay  will  he  directly  applied  to  the 
benevolent  purposes  expressed  in  its  charter,  your  petitioners  respectfully  request 
your  honorable  bodies  to  enact  a  law  exempting  their  property  from  taxation. 

(This  was  approved  by  the  Board  and  directed  to  be  forwarded  to  the 
Legislature,  January  27,  i84.s.> 

March  31,  1X45,  Win.  B.  Fling  laid  before  the  I'.oard  a  certified 
copy  of  an  act  of  Assembly,  to  exempt  from  taxation  the  estate  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  which  reads  as  follows: 


"  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania  in  General  .\ssembly  met  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by  the 
authority  of  the  same.  That  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  act,  the  estates  and 
property,  real  and  personal,  now  belonging  to  the  corporation  of  the  contributors 
to  the  Pennsylvania  hospital,  shall  be  and  remain  free  from  the  payment  of  taxes 
of  any  kind  whatsoever.  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act  shall  exempt  from 
the  assessment  and  payment  of  road  and  poor  taxes,  so  far  as  any  part  t)f  the 
property  of  said  Pennsylvania  hospital  is  located  in  Blockley  Township. 

"Approved,  The  nineteenth  day  of  March,  one  thousand  eiaht  hundred  antl 
forty-five." 

(Signed)  Frs.  R.  Shink,  Goveiiio): 


Legislature 
exempts  all 
the  Estates, 
properl\',  real 
and  personal, 
of  Hospital 
from  Taxes 
of  anv  kind. 


On  motion  resolved,  that  the  thanks  of  the  Board  are  tendered 
to  Wm.  B.  Fling,  for  his  exertions  in  procuring  the  above  exemption 
which  however  does  not  appear  to  have  been  final,  for  on  April  25. 
1853,  the  committee  appointed  on  the  31st  of  the  first  month  last,  to 


Thanks  of 
the  Board  to 
Comnnttee  in 
obtaining  the 
act  of 
exemption. 


2,°3 


endeavor  to  procure  the  passage  of  a  law  exempting  the  property  of 
this  Institution  from  taxation,  made  the  following  report,  viz.  : 

That  they  have  attended  to  the  duty  assiRiied  them  and  in  order  that  the 
legislature  should  be  mside  fully  acquainted  with  the  reasonableness  and  the 
propriety  of  granting  such  exemption  to  this  Institution,  it  was  thought  proper 
that  one  of  the  committee  should  proceed  to  Harrisburg,  Mr.  \Vm.  B.  Fling 
kindly  offered  to  perform  that  duty,  and  the  Committee  have  now  the  satisfaction 
of  reporting  the  following  Bill  on  the  i8th  iiist.  and  its  approval  by  the  Governor. 

(Signed)         Lawkence  Lewis,  Chairman . 

"An  Act    to  incorporate   the    State  I,ine    Railroad    Company;    authorizing    the 
Susquehanna  Bridge  Company  at  Tunkhaniiock  to  borrow  money  :  etc." 
"Section  7.     That  the  estates  and  property  real  and  personal,  belonging  to  the 
Pennsylvania    contributors  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  shall  be  and  remain  free  from  the  pay- 
Hospital    ment  of  ta.xes  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  so  long  as  the  income  from  said  estates 
Property    nnd  property  is  used  for  the  relief  of  the  sick  and  insane  poor,  any  law  to  the 
Xon-taxable.    contrary  notwithstanding." 

"Approved.  The  eighteenth  day  of  .'Vpril,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
.fifty-three. 

(Signed)        Wm.  Bigler,  Gm'enior." 

The  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania,  of  1874  repealed  all  laws 
exempting  property  from  taxation,  except  as  staled  in  the  following 
section  : 

"  Art.  IX,  Sec.  i.  All  taxes  shall  he  uniform,  upon  the  saine  class 
of  subjects,  within  the  territorial  limits  of  the  authority  levying  the 
tax,  and  shall  be  levied  and  collected  under  general  laws ;  but  the 
General  Assembly  may,  by  general  laws,  exempt  from  taxation,  public 
projjerty  used  for  public  purposes,  actual  places  of  religious  worship, 
places  of  burial  not  used  or  held  for  private  or  corporate  profit,  and 
(i)  institutions  of  a  purely  public  charity. 

"  Section  2.  All  laws  exempting  projjerty  from  taxation,  other 
(lian  the  property  above  enumerated,  shall  be  void. 

"(i).  In  the  case  of  ex  parte  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  i  Phila., 
418,  it  was  decided  that  property  exeni|)t  by  law  cannot  be  taxed 
until  the  exemption  is  repealed." 


304 


WORKS   OF   ART,   MEMORIAL    FURNITURE,  ETC. 


In  September,  1800,  Benjamin  West,  President  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Arts  in  London,  was  addressed  by  the  Managers  asking 
for  a  contribution.  It  was  said,  in  their  letter,  that  the  Hospital 
building,  "  than  which  none,  in  this  part  of  the  world,  united  in  itself 
more  of  ornament  and  use"  was  then  nearly  comjjleted,  and,  after  a 
due  comi)liment  to  the  liberality  of  English  contributors  and  an 
appeal  to  the  affection  which  he  could  not  but  feel  for  the  place  of 
his  birth,  it  concluded  with  the  sentiment,  that  the  works  of  an  artist 
which  ornamented  the  palace  of  his  King,  could  not  fail  to  honor 
him  in  his  native  land.  This  request  received,  in  the  following  year, 
a  favorable  answer  from  Mr.  West,  who  suggested  as  the  subject  of 
the  painting  the  text  of  Scripture:  "And  the  blind  and  the  lame  West's 
came  to   Him  in  the  Tem])le,  and  He  healed  ihem."     Certainly  no   l':''"ti".'!  of 


'  Clirist 
Healing  tile 


study  more  appropriate  could  have  been  selected  and  it  was  one 
which  the  Managers  heartily  approved.  In  August,  1810,  notice  was  sick  inthe 
received  that  the  ])ainting  might  soon  be  looked  for  and  expecta-  Temple." 
tion  was  raised  to  a  high  pitch,  not  only  among  those  especially 
interested  in  the  Hospital,  but  also  in  the  whole  community.  How- 
ever, for  the  present,  their  hopes  were  doomed  to  disapjjointment. 
The  picture,  when  exhibited  in  F.ngland,  excited  such  general 
admiration,  that  patriotism  took  the  alarm  and  nobles  and  commons, 


with  one  accord,  agreed  in  making  a  determined  effort  to  retain  it  in 
Wist's  first   the  country.     Mr.  West,  who  could  not  resist  the  various  influences  ex- 
PaiiitiiiK  erted,  was  prevailed  upon  to  allow  the  painting  to  remain;  but  he  imme- 
the^Ro  al  ^iately  began  the  work  of  making  a  copy,  which  he  resolved  should 
.-\cadi-niy   cxcel    the   original.     Considering    the    fact    that  he   undertook    this 
ill  London,   work  at   a   time  when    the   two  countries  were  at  war  and  consider- 
ing also  his  connection  with   the  rulers  and   prominent  men  of  his 
adopted  country,   we    may  fairly  ascribe  to  him  the  merit  of  extraor- 
dinary indeijcndcnce  and  liberality  of  feeling,  a.s   well  as  of  attach- 
ment to  the  place  of  his  birth.      It  was  not,  however,  until  October, 
1817,  that  the    Painting  reached  this   country.     It    was  taken   to  a 
building  which  had  been  especially  erected  for  its  reception,  upon  the 
The  second   Hospital  grounds  on  Spruce  Street,  and  placed  on  exhibition  ;   being 
PaintuiK  jjjj]     mentioned   in    the   newspapers,  it  attracted   such  a  throng  of 

arrives  and       .  :  ,         •       •    >  j    j  ,-  ,  .  ,        ,  ,      • 

is  Dlaced  on   ^'s'tors  that  it  yielded  for  several  years  a  considerable  income  to  the 

Kxhibition.   institution.     The  money  received  from  the  opening  of  the  exhibition 

to  its  close  in   1843,  amounted  to  somewhat  more  than  twenty-five 

thousand  dollars ;  and  as  the  whole  outlay  on   account  of  the  picture 

was  not  equal  to  ten  thousand  dollars,  the  profit,  deducting  the  cost 

of  exhibition,    amounted    to   no   inconsiderable    contribution,    and 

approximated  the  amount  paid  West  for  the  first  copy  of  the  picture, 

which  was  3000  guineas. 

The   earliest    mention    on    the    minutes,    of    the    Painting,    was 

September   i,  1800,  when   it  was  recorded   that  the  following  letter 

was  to  be  sent  to  Benjamin  West : 

Sir. — Tile  Pennsylvania  Hospital  by  llie  aid  of  government  and  many  private 
subscriptions,  is  at  lenntb  nearly  tinislieil.  and  no  building  that  we  know  of  in  this 
part  of  the  xvorkl  unites  in  itself  more  of  ornament  or  of  use. 

Its  object  is  the  relief  of  maniacs  and  sick  poor  in  Pennsylvania ;  many 
thousands  of  these  of  every  nation  and  country  who  have  maintained  an  inter- 
course with  Philadelphia,  have  enjoyecl  its  benefits  in  common  with  the  resident 
poor  of  our  own  state.  Conducted  as  the  Hospital  is,  on  a  principle  of  e.xtensive 
benevolence,  it  has  attracted  the  attention  of  many  charitable  an<l  well-disposed 
people  at  home  and  abroad. 

Among  those  individuals  in  England  who  have  contributed  to  its  support,  we 
have  the  satisfaction  to  enroll  the  names  of  many  celebrated  worthies  of  thy  own 
acquaintance,  such  as  the  late  Dr.  John  Kothergill,  David  Barclay,  and  others — to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  valuable  gifts — but  in  api>lying  to  strangers  we  are  not 
to  forget  our  own  countrymen. 

However  long  they  may  have  been  absent,  and  however  remote  from  the 
place  of  their  birth,  their  bosoms  glow  with  ardent  affection  toward  it,  and  they  feel 
an  impulse,  which  they  seldom  resist,  to  promote  in  its  works  of  utility  and  taste. 

Impressed  as  we  are  with  these  sentiments,  we  solicit,  in  behalf  of  the  con- 
tributors for  the  Managers'  room,  a  painting  from  West. 

The  works  of  an  artist  which  ornament  the  palace  of  his  king  cannot  fail  to 
honor  him  in  his  native  land. 

306 


To  this  highly  complimentary  letter,  ?>Ir.  West  replied  : 

London,  July  8,  .80..  [^'','3"''' 

It   is   with   satisfaction  that    I   embrace   tlie   opportunity  by  the   return   of 


Mr.  Gilpin  to  Philadelphia  to  convey  to  you  my  thanks  for  the  polite  and  satis- 
factory letter  written  to  me  by  the  order  of  the  President  and  Managers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

The  gratification  it  has  long  afforded  me  in  hearing  of  the  celebrity  of  those 
laws  by  which  that  Hospital  is  governed,  the  relief  it  affords  to  the  sick  poor,  and 
the  benign  aid  it  gives  to  the  afflicted  in  general,  has  placed  it  among  the  first 
of  institutions. 

The  proposal  of  placing  a  picture  of  my  painting  in  a  situation  so  honorable 
as  that  building  presents,  I  cannot  permit  to  pass  without  embracing.  I  there- 
fore accept  the  offer. 

The  subject  I  have  chosen  is  analogous  to  the  situation.  It  is  the  Redeemer 
of  mankind  e.\tending  his  aid  to  the  afflicted  and  of  all  ranks  and  conditions. 
The  Passage  is  from  St.  Matthew  chai)tcr  21,  verses  14  and  15:  "  And  the  blind 
and  the  lame  came  to  Him  in  the  Temple  ;  and  He  healed  them.  And  when  the 
chief  priests  and  scribes  saw  the  wonderful  things  that  He  did,  and  the  children 
crying  in  the  Temple,  and  saying,  Hozanna  to  the  Son  of  David,  they  were  sore 
displeased."  The  design  for  the  picture  I  have  made  from  the  alx)ve  passage. 
The  picture  will  be  sixteen  feet  long  by  ten  feet  high,  including  the  frame. 

I  have  conversed  with  Mr.  Ciilpin  on  this  business,  and  have  requested  him 
to  see  the  president  and  managers  and  to  convey  to  them  my  ideas  how  a  j^icture 
of  its  dimensions  could  be  placed  to  most  advantage. 

On  October  29,  1801,  the  following  was  sent  to  Mr.  West: 

Esteemed  Friend. — W'e  have  received  thy  letter  of  8tli  July  by  Joshua  fiilpin. 
and  laid  it  before  the  Managers,  who  have  ordered  us  to  e.Npress  their  grateful 
acknowledgements  for  the  painting  thou  art  prepariiy=;  to  present  them  for  the 
benefit  of  that  Institution.  They  also  desire  us  to  inform  thee  of  their  full  appro- 
bation of  the  subject  thou  hast  chosen,  viz.  "  Our  Savior  Healing  the  Sick  in  the 
Temple.'' 

In  order  to  preserve  thy  contributions  to  posterity  as  well  as  for  this  genera- 
tion, the  Managers  agree  to  fi.\  it  in  the  contributors'  room,  a  draft  of  which  is 
inclosed  with  the  CoTiimittee's  remarks  for  thy  information. 

Peace  being  now  restored  between  Great  Britain  and  France,  we  antici])ate 
with  increasing  pleasure  the  prospect  of  receiving  the  painting  without  injury, 
and  that  instead  of  gracing  a  Paris  museum,  it  will  honor  the  artist  in  his  native 
country. 

From  1802  until  1810.  no  word  was  received  from  Mr.  West,  Imt 
in  August  of  the  latter  year  the  artist  apologizes  on  account  of  his 
sickness  for  not  having  finished  the  painting  and  mentions  his  inten- 
tion of  resuming  his  labor,  and  proceeding  therein  till  he  completes 
the  work. 

Under  date,  April  24th,  181 1,  Mr.  West  sent  the  following: 

Sir. — I  embrace  the  opportunity  of  writing  you  by  the  return  of  Mr.  Scott  to 
Philadelphia,  and  to  request  that  you  will  have  the  goodness  to  inform  the  trustees 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  that  I  had  finished  the  picture  of  Our  Saviour 
receiving  the  Lame  and  the  Blintl  in  the  Temple  to  heal  them,  with  that  success, 


.Mr.  West. 


Ill  riiuUr  il  ill  the  jiulnmi'iu  <>f  oiir  lovrrs  of  tlic  arts  as  holding  llu-  first  rank  in 
West's  I.cttir    '">  pnjdiulions  of  the  |)tniil. 

with  rcKard  Tliis   picture    was    what    I     painted   as    my    cloiiati<iii    for    the     Pennsylvania 

to  the    Hospital,  but  its  |>oi>nlarily  raising  tlie  attention  of  all  the  various  classes  of  the 
Paiutin"     people  in  the  capital,    who  became   solicitous   that    il  should  be  considered   ,-is 
attached  to  the  country,  for  which  purpose  the  noblemen  and  >;entlemeii  of  the 
British  Institution  waited  on  ine  with  proposals  to  possess  the  piiture  as  a  com- 
mencement of  a  National  ("lallery. 

Under  this  consideration  1  found  myself  in  such  a  predicament,  that  made  a 
compliance  necessary,  but  with  a  reserve  on  my  part  to  make  another  for  the 
Hospital,  which  I  have  commenced  on  a  more  improved  plan  of  composition,  and 
in  the  course  of  the  ensuinn  summer  shall  complete  it,  I  hope  with  ei|ual,  or  more 
power,  as  it  is  my  wish  to  do  so  ;  those  Kentlemen  then  made  me  their  voluntary 
remuneration  of  three  thousand  guineas  for  letting  them  possess  the  picture. 

The  picture  is  now  in  the  British  Gallery,  and  such  is  its  popularity,  that 
thousands  of  people  of  all  descriptions  are  crowding  weekly  into  the  (".allery  to 
have  a  sIkIu  of  it. 

I  feel  highly  gratified  by  this  occurrence  in  haviii);  produced  an  historical 
composition  which  is  sanctioned  in  Europe  by  those  of  taste  and  judgment  in  the 
fine  arts  as  to  make  choice  of  it  for  an  example  to  those  studying  this  dignified 
department  in  art,  and  the  destiny  of  its  division  in  the  American  Hemisphere 
may  one  day  ])roduce  the  same  effect  as  it  is  held  out  to  produce  in  this. 

It  may  be  acceptable  to  you  and  to  others  to  know  what  observation  has 
been  published  in  the  London  daily  papers,  on  th.il  pi.  lure.  I  tlurefore  send 
with  this  letter,  two  or  three  of  those  productions. 

The  circumstances  which  have  attended  the  picture  will  point  out  to  my 
country-men,  th.at  the  i)icture  which  I  shall  send  them  is  not  considered  a  mean 
one,  and  I  hope  th.it  it  will  be  as  productive  in  its  i)ecuniary  aids  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital,  as  it  is  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  in  the  British  Institution. 
I  request  that  my  respects  my  be  given  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Hospital,  and  that 
I  am,  yours  with  sincerity^ 

To   this,   the  President  of  the  15oard  of  Managers   made   reply, 
August  26,  181 1  : 
Esteemed  I'litiid,  Beiijaiiiiii  U'esI : 

1  received  thy  letter  on  the  24th  of  April  last,  by  which  the  .Managers  of  the 
Peiiusylvauia  Hospital  are  m.ide  acquainted  with  their  loss,  and  the  unexpected 
surrender  of  the  picture  to  the  British  (lallery. 

The  friends  of  this  institution  cannot  but  express  their  disappointment,  at  the 
same  time  they  make  the  necessary  allowance  for  the  dilemma  into  which  the 
most  celebrated  historical  painter  of  the  age  has  been  placed,  by  a  powerful 
appeal  of  the  jirincipal  patrons  of  the  art,  in  a  country  where  his  genius  has  been 
fostered,  and  his  labors  remunerated  for  half  a  century. 

The  Managers  learn  with  great  s.alisfaction  thy  beneficent  intention  of  paint- 
ing another  picture  from  the  same  sublime  and  .appropriate  subject.  It  will  be  a 
model  for  the  improvement  of  American  artists,  and  a  source  of  great  emolument 
to  a  charitable  institution. 

In  December,  181 1,  Mr.  Joshua  Giljiin  wrote  that  he  had  visited 
the  studio  of  Mr.  West,  and  that  rapid  jjrogress  had  been  made  in 
the  picture,  which  he  had  reason  to  hope  would  be  finished  before 
spring. 

308 


In  view  of  the  possible  early  arrival  of  the  Painting,  the  treasurer 
of  the  Hospital  was  requested  to  confer  with  Albert  Gallatin,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  on  the  means  to  be  pursued  for  importing 
it,  and,  if  possible,  free  of  duty.     (See  page  312.) 

In  May,  1812,  Mr.  Gilpin  again  wrote  that  the 

Picture  is  so  far  finished  as  to  be  beyond  the  reach  of  accidents,  I  mean  all 
the  principal  parts,  so  that  if  any  thing  was  to  happen  to  Benjamin  West  the 
remainder  might  be  finished  by  any  good  artist  ;  and  still  be  far  superior  to  the 
original.  A  painting  of  the  kind  must  be  left  to  the  time  of  the  artist,  as,  like  an 
epic  poem,  it  can  be  done  only  when  the  vein  of  fancy  inclines  them  to  it.  He 
talked  of  finishing  it,  so  as  to  send  it  down  to  the  Liverpool  exhibition,  to  be 
shipped  from  thence.  I  offered  if  it  came  down  while  the  '  Bainbridge  '  was 
here  to  send  it  freight  free,  but  the  exhibition  here  does  not  connnence  until 
September. 

In  1815,  the  Secretary  of  the  Hospital  wrote  Mr.  West  that  the 
original  proposition  of  the  Managers  to  place  the  picture  in  the  ( entre 
building  of  the  Hospital  was  abandoned,  and  that  it  was  their  inten- 
tion to  erect  a  building  in  conformity  with  the  views  of  the  artist  on 
the  grounds,  especially  designed  for  its  reception.  The  plan  was 
subsequently  carried  out. 

Under  date  of  September  5,  1S15,  Mr.  West  wrote: 

I  received  your  friendly  letter  of  2Sth  of  June  last,  and  I  am  pleased  to  liiid 
that  the  Managers  a])prove  of  my  plan  for  a  room  being  erected  in  every  lespect 
appropriate  to  the  picture  of  Christ  receiving  the  lame  and  the  blind  in  the 
Temple  to  heal  them. 

The  picture  is  finished,  and  it  is  a  satisfaction  to  me,  and  I  hope  will  be  to 
the  Managers,  as  well  as  yourself  and  the  public  of  Philadelphia,  that  it  is  highly 
approved  of  by  the  lovers  of  the  fine  arts,  and  the  admiring  throngs  of  London. 
This  testimonial  in  its  favor  I  believe  the  noblemen  and  gentlemen  of  the  British 
Institution  who  so  liberally  solicited  the  first  picture  would  gladly  accept  the 
second  in  its  place.  But  the  latter  I  think  my  exertions  are  more  comjilete  in 
approi>riate  character,  as  I  have  introduced  a  demoniac  with  his  attendain  rela- 
tions, by  which  circumstance  is  introduced  most  of  the  maladies  which  were 
healed  by  Our  Saviour. 

I  trust  on  this  occasion  my  liberal  countrymen  will  not  be  angry  with  me  in 
thus  presenting  to  their  Hospital  a  better  picture  in  this  second  production,  than 
it  would  have  received  in  the  first  instance. 

Some  months  later,  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
received  the  following  letter  from  Mr.  West : 

Newman  Street,  March  loth,  iSi6. 
Dear  Sir. — Your  letter  of  the  4th  of  January  came  safe  to  hand  and  it  alfords 
me  great  pleasure  to  find  that  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  have 
agreed  to  erect  a  permanent  building  as  a  place  of  safety  for  dei)ositing  the 
Picture  of  Christ  receiving  the  blind  and  the  lame  in  the  Temple  to  heal  them. 
It  would  afford  me  the  highest  satisfaction  if  the  directors  would  lay  the 
geometrical  design  for  an  appropriate  room  to  shew  the  picture  in  which  I  sub- 
mitted til  vour  notice  some   months  ago  to  Mr.  I. a   TihIr-  the  architect  and  take 


Secretary 
of  the  U.  S. 
Treasury 
requested  to 
remit  the 
duty  on 
West's 
Picture. 


Permanent 
Building 
to  be 

erected  for 
exhibiting 
the  Painting. 


507 


TlK- 


his  advicf  mi  Ow  iTccliiiK  nf  it.  as  tif  is  a  man  of  talents  in  his  profession  and 
woiiUl  see  into  my  idea  of  having  sucli  a  room  as  would  show  the  picture  to  every 
|)ossil>le  advanta)!e.  When  tile  room  is  so  muih  advancetl  as  to  ascertain  the 
time  of  its  completion  and  in  a  dry  slate  to  receive  the  picture  I  will  have  it 
shipped  for  Philadelphia  with  its  frame  in  a  safe  and  proper  manner.  I  wish  it  to 
be  i)laced  opposite  tile  entrance  into  the  intended  room,  midway  of  which  on  each 
side  there  should  be  a  low  fire  place  for  warniin;;  the  room  in  winter  which  fire 
places  I  will  compliment  with  a  picture. 

The  building  especially  erected  to  accommodate  "  West's 
I'icture  Picture"  was  upon  the  Sjiruce  Street  side  of  the  Hospital  grounds, 
Hous.-.  midway  between  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets;  the  quaint  old  building 
was  constructed  after  suggestions  from  the  famous  jiainter  himself,  for 
the  exhibition  of  his  picture.  "  The  construction  of  its  walls,  stamjis 
it  as  a  product  of  the  olden  times.  The  bricks  that  comijose  them, 
instead  of  being  laid  end  to  end  after  the  modern  fashion,  alternate 
witii  an  endwise,  and  a  cro])urse  laid  brick."  Then,  too,  the  long 
pointed  windows,  severely  plain,  threw  over  the  whole  an  air  of 
reverence.  "West's  Picture  House"  was  subsequently  used,  (after 
the  removal  of  the  painting  to  the  Department  for  the  Insane),  as  a 
meeting-room  by  the  College  of  Physicians,  the  Philadelphia  Patho- 
logical Society,  and,  subsequently,  by  the  Historical  Society  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  later  years  it  was  altered  into  a  Nurses'  dormitory. 
(See  I'age  105.)  The  building  was  erected  in  part  from  voluntary  sub- 
scriptions and  it  is  interesting  to  note  the  fact  that  Stephen  Girard's 
name  is  first  on  the  list  of  subscribers,  and  for  one  thousand  dollars. 

The  vignette  at  the  head  of  this  section  presents  a  view  of  the 
Spruce  Street  front  of  this  building,  and  the  rear  view  is  given  upon 
page  319.  The  picture  house  was  enlarged  by  the  Historical  Society 
in  1870.  (See  page  99  anff.)  In  1893.  the  picture  house  was  finally 
torn  down  in  order  to  make  room  for  the  new  Memorial  Wards. 

The  following  letter  was  also  written  by  Mr.  West  while  in 
London : 

Nkwm.a.n  Street,  March  zd,  1817. 
.)/r  Dear  Sir. — I  received  your  obliging  Letter  with  one  from  .Mr.  Sully  stat- 
ing his  opinion  how  very  appropriate  the  Room  is  which  is  to  contain  my  Picture 
of  Christ  ill  the  Tem|>le.  and  another  from  Mr.  Evans,  one  of  the  Owners  of  the 
Ship  Electra— (Capt.  Williams  now  in  London,  consigning  the  Picture  to  the  Care 
of  the  latter  for  its  free  Conveyance  to  Phil.idelphia),  and  I  request  that  you  will 
have  the  Goodness  to  present  my  respectful  Acknowledgements  to  Mr.  Sully  for 
his  kind  attention,  »  itii  the  same  to  Mr.  Kvans  for  his  very  polite  and  friendly  oft'er. 
The  tin  Case  containing  the  Design  and  Elevation  of  the  Building  wherein  the 
Room  is  which  is  to  contain  my  Picture  came  to  Hand  perfectly  safe,  and  to  you 
My  good  Sr.  and  the  Man.igers,  I  feel  myself  much  indetited  for  that  friendly 
Attention  to  my  Request  in  having  the  Room  so  constructed  that  the  Picture  may 
be  seen  to  the  greatest  Advantage,  and  for  which  I  beg  that  you  and  the  other 
Gentlemen  will  accept  my  most  sincere  thanks. 

310 


I  am  preparing  two  Pictures,  which  accompany  that  of  Christ  in  the  Temple 
and  wliich  shall  be  properly  framed  and  have  Drapery  of  appropriate  Colour  to  Correspond- 
place  around  them  when  they  are  put  up,  for  be  assured  that  a  Donation  to  the  g„^^.  „.itli 
Hospital  of  my  native  Country  shall  be  as  complete  in  every  Respect  as  my  Bj.„j  Wist. 
humble  Kfforts  can  effect,  but  for  as  short  a  Time  as  possible,  I  must  detain  the 
large  Picture,  otherwise  I  shall  be  deprived  of  the  Opportunity  of  putting  the 
other  two  into  that  perfect  Union  of  Colour  and  Effect  which  ought  to  prevail. — 
When  that  is  accomplished  I  will  consign  the  three  Pictures  to  America,  with  my 
suggestions  in  Answer  to  your  Communication  respecting  the  Admission  of 
Artists  and  others  to  view  the  Pictures  when  placed  in  the  Hospital — Respecting 
the  Building  which  is  to  contain  my  Pictures,  I  must  take  leave  to  observe  that  it 
is  very  remote  from  my  Intention  to  depreciate  the  Merits  of  the  Architect  who 
erected  it,  in  making  the  following  Observations,  but  I  think  there  is  a  Misappli- 
cation of  Gothic  Architecture  to  a  Place  where  the  Refinement  of  Science  is  to 
be  inculcated,  and  which  in  my  humble  Opinion  ought  to  have  been  founded  on 
those  clear  and  self  evident  Principles  adopted  by  the  Greeks — an  attention  to 
which  in  the  appropriate  Character  of  all  subsequent  Buildings  raised  in  Phila- 
delphia (and  that  at  no  greater  Expense  than  attends  Buildings  in  general)  will 
in  a  short  time  make  that  City  as  the  Scitc  of  Elegance  and  Science  in  the 
western  World,  and  impress  on  the  Mind  of  the  Beholders  the  mental  Refinement 
of  its  Citizens — Such  is  the  Effect  produced  on  People  of  Information  travelling 
through  Countries  where  they  behold  that  Propriety  of  Building  in  every  public 
Work  and  City,  and  which  stamps  the  Character  of  Civilization — In  giving  my 
free  Opinion  of  this  Subject,  I  beg  you  will  rest  assured  that  I  mean  not  to 
underrate  the  Talents  of  Mr.  Webb  as  an  Architect — It  is  the  Gothic  Taste  I 
combat  with,  as  inapplicable  to  the  Building  in  question,  for  that  Architecture  is 
the  Insignia  of  a  Period,  when  the  civilized  World  had  passed  away.  Science  had 
fled,  and  the  Mind  of  Man  lay  in  Darkness — Then  arose  monkish  Superstition 
and  monkish  Taste — but  now,  that  Science  has  arisen,  let  the  Cities  of  America 
in  their  Streets  and  in  their  Highways  proclaim  its  Ascendancy  by  every  visible 
Mark  of  its  eternal  Truth — I  feel  an  interest  that  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  should 
keep  the  lead  in  all  mental  Refinements,  as  her  Commencement  was  founded  on 
those  Principles  of  Equity  and  true  Feelings  towards  an  unoffending  people  in  a 
then  Savage  state,  which  gave  her  an  Ascendancy  and  Dignity  in  the  Minds  of  the 
just  and  virtuous  throughout  the  World,  and  that  Pennsylvania  may  ever  retain 
that  Preeminence,  both  in  Truth  and  Science,  is  the  most  ardent  Wish  of.  My 
Dear  Sir,  Yours  Very  Sincerely. 

Bkxj.  West. 
To  the  President. 

The  follo\ving  note  was  sent  by  the  Shipping  Agents  in  London  : 

Sir. — In  conformity  with  your  orders  we  have  done  tile  necessary  duty  in 
shipping  the  Picture  painted  by  Mr.  West  of  Our  Saviour  in  the  Temple,  on 
board  the  ship  Electra,  Captain  Williams,  for  your  port  ;  the  picture  and  frame 
are  packed  into  two  cases  and  especially  directed  as  per  the  enclosed  bill  of 
lading  deliverable  to  you  ;  the  cases  are  also  sealed  by  orders  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury  here,  that  no  revenue  Officer  here  should  dare  to  open  them  and  thereby 
do  any  injury,  and  we  hope  you  will  obtain  the  same  indulgence  from  your 
revenue  officers. 

As  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  have  remitted  the  duty  |)ayable  on  exports  you 
will  assuredly  obtain  the  same  indulgence  on  your  side. 

London,  .Aug.  6th.  1817. 

3'i 


On  the  17th  (.lay  of  August,  1S17,  tlic  shii)  '•  Klectra  "  saik-d 
from  I-ondon,  and  on  the  13th  of  Ociobc-r  arrived  at  Philadelphia. 
The  Managers'  minutes  state  : 

The  picture  was  safely  com  eyed  frnm  the  ship  t"  llic  room  of  the  edifice 
specially  coiistriicted  to  ilisplay  and  preserve  it  and  011  the  ,^tl  instant  was  first  in 
America  exposed  to  public  view.  Tliere  it  is  intended  to  remain  a  lasting  proof 
of  the  lieniftn  purpose  of  its  author  and  of  tliat  patriotic  affection  which  has 
already  been  evinced  by  himself  and  his  late  amiable  wife  for  the  Citizens  of 
Pennsylvania,  their  native  l;ui<l. 

The  following  formal  notification  of  the  comjjletion  of  the 
I'ainting  and  its  donation  to  the  Hospital  accompanied  the  picture  : 

London,  AuKUst  i,  1S17. 

Letter  ac-  Benjamin  West.  Historical   Painter  to  his  Majesty,  OeorRe  III  and  the  Presi- 

companyinK    dent  of  the  Royal  Academy  of   Arts  in  London,  feels  the  highest  satisfaction  in 

the  Painting,     informing  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  of  his  having  finished  the 

pictnre  of  our  Saviour  receiving  the  Lame  and  the  Blind  in  the  Temple  to  heal 

them — which  he  has  painted  for  that  Institution,  and  which  he  has  the  honor  ol 

sen<ling  to  Philadelphia,  to  be  there  deposited. 

And  Mr.  West  bequeaths  the  said  picture  to  the  Hospital  in  the  joint  names 
of  himself  and  his  wife,  the  late  Klizabeth  West,  .as  their  gratuitous  offering  and 
as  a  humble  record  of  their  patriotic  affection  for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
which  they  first  inhaled  the  vital  air — thus  to  perpetu.ite  in  her  native  city  of 
Phil.idelphia  the  sacred  memory  of  that  amiable  lady  who  was  his  companion  in 
life  for  fifty  years  and  three  months. 

Mr.  West  requests  the  Managers  and  President  of  the  Hospital  will  accept 
the  sincere  thanks  of  the  handsome  preparations  they  have  made  for  the  recep- 
tion of  his  picture,  and  assure  them  he  shall  ever  attain  a  high  sense  of  their 
liberality,  and  feel  proud  at  his  name  being  recorded  in  an  Institution,  which  has 
his  most  cordial  wishes  in  support  of  its  benign  purposes  and  for  its  prosperity. 

The  Managers,  in  acknowledging  to  Mr.  West  the  receipt  of  the 
l)icture,  state : 

This  precious  performance,  on  a  subject  the  most  interesting,  gratuitously 
designed  to  increase  the  pecuniary  funds  of  the  Hospital,  the  Managers  on  behalf 
of  the  Institution  cordially  accept  as  coming  in  the  name  of  Benjamin  West  and 
in  memory  of  his  late  wife  Elizabeth  West. 

In  December,  181  7,  a  successful  ajipeal  for  the  remission  of  the 
duty  on  the  picture  was  made : 

To  the  Sena/f  and  ffoiise  of  Rt-presenlalh'cs  in  Congj-ess 

of  the  United  States. 

Tlie  .Ifemorial  of  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 

respeetfully  shewelh. 

Managers  That   by    the   munificence   of  Benjamin    West   the    President    of  the    Royal 

appeal  for    Academy  at  London  a  Painting  by  that  distinguished  artist  of  "  Christ  Healing  in 

remission  of   the  Temple  "  h.is  been  presented  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  :  that  this  painting 

duty  on  the    which  is  at  the  same  time  a  S|>lendid  .specimen  of  excellence  in  the  arts  and  a 

Painting,    pledge  of  the  affections  r)f  its  author  tor   his  native  land    is   a   free  gift  to  this 

charitable    Institution.     That    although    thus    liberally    presented    it   is.   by    law. 


subject  to  limy  and  imisl  he  valued  and  tlie  duty  paid  from  funds  devoted  to 
charity  unless  you  shall  he  i)lease<l  to  grant  a  remission.  Your  memorialists 
respectfully  sul)mit  to  your  consideration,  that  this  painting  may  justly  be  con- 
sidered as  a  ]>resent  from  a  native  American  who  ranks  among  the  most  eminent 
living  artists,  to  the  country  of  his  birth  ;  that  as  a  production  of  genius  in  the 
arts,  it  is  entitled  to  the  countenance  of  a  Government  whose  patronage  is  cheer- 
fully afforded  to  all,  the  means  of  difiusing  knowledge  and  taste,  and  that  as  the 
more  immediate  property  of  an  institution  existing  solely  for  benevolent  purposes 
and  generously  given  to  it  in  aid  of  those  purposes,  it  fairly  claims  an  exemption 
from  the  duties  imposed  on  imported  merchandise. 

Your  memorialists  hereui)ou  respectfully  request  that  Congress  will  be 
pleased  to  grant  a  remission  of  the  duty  which  by  law  is  chargeable  upon  this 
l)ainting  which  has  been  thus  generously  given  to  this  Charitable  Institution  and 
to  the  Country. 

The  petition  was  favorably  acted  upon  by  Congress,  as  the  follow- 
ing shows : 

The  Act  to  Remit  thk  Dcrv  on  .\  Painting  Presented  to  the  Pexnsvl-    Congress 
V.ANI.A  Hosi'iT.vi..  passes  an 

Be  it  enacted,  by    the  Senate   and    House  of  Representatives  of  the  United     ;\,.(  („  ri.^iit 
States  of  .America,  in  Congress  assembled,  that  the  duty  secured  to  the  United    fi,^.  duty  „„ 
.States  on  a  painting  lately  presented  by  Benjamin  West,  President  of  the  Royal    tp^.  Paintiu". 
.■\cademy,  London,  to  the   Pennsylvania   Hospital,   be.   and  the  same   is  hereby, 
remitted. 

He.nrv  Cl.w, 
Spfakcr  of  llie  House  of  Represenlalh'es. 
.Approved.  January  14,  iSiS.  John  G.\ii.lard, 

J.\MES  Monroe.  President  of  the  Senate  pro  tern. 

I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  of  "  An  .\ct  to  remit  the 
duty  on  a  painting  presented  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  which  act  was 
approved  on  the  14th  of  January,  1818,  and  the  original  whereof  remains  deposited 
in  the  Office  of  the  Department  of  State. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  tlie  seal  of  my  office,  this  twenty-first  day  of 
January,  in  the  year  of  Our  Lord,  one  tht)usand  eight  hundred  and  eighteen  ; 
and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  the  forty-second. 

John  Quincv  Adams, 

Secretary'  of  State. 

A  description  of   tlie  Painting  was  prepared  to  be  presented   to 
each  visitor  to  the  E.xhibition  : 

On   an   area  of  about  one   hundred  and  sixty  square  feet,  the  eye   meets    I'escnptionoi 
between  fifty  and  sixty  figures,  all  finished  after  living  models.  "'^'     •ii"i'"K- 

Jesus  of  Nazareth,  tlie  Saviour  of  mankind,  who  whilst  on  earth  went  about 
doing  good,  is  represented  in  this  painting  as  exerting  miraculous  power  in 
healing  the  sick  :  on  his  face,  the  mikhiess  of  a  man  of  the  tenderest  feelings  is 
blended  with  the  majesty  of  a  messenger  from  God.  His  attitude  is  easy  and 
dignified  ;  the  drapery  elegant  and  noble ;  ample  without  incumbrance  ;  folded 
with  simplicity  and  taste,  and  according  to  the  old  and  generally  adopted 
costume  of  red  and  blue.  Tile  head,  hands  and  feet  are  most  beautifully 
wrought,  very  gracefully  disposed,  and  the  whole  figure  follow'S  the  line  of 
beauty  without  affectation  or  constraint. 


Christ  is  surri)iin(li.'<l  liy  si-vi-ral  uroiips,  composed  parlly  of  his  Disciplt-s  and 

Dfscriptii>n    Apostlfs ;  partly  of  tlic  afflicted  and  languid.  l>roiiKlit  to  him  as  the  Foiinlaiii  of 

of  the    I'ife  ;  and  of  the   Pharisees  and  priests,  wlio  view  the  Messiah  with  invoUintary 

Paintini;.     won<ler  and  mortal  jealonsy.     These  ^ronps  are  disposed  with  ureal  judK'nent, 

and  aflbrd  to  each  other  a  proper  help  in  the  general  system  of  liyht  and  shade 

in  the  whole  piece.     They  undulate  before  the  eyes,  like  distant  hills  in  the  k'ow 

of   a   summer  evenins,    and  the  jileasiiiK   vapor  which   circulates  around   them 

produces  the  most  correct  aerial  perspective. 

In  the  group  of  the  Apostles,  which  serves  as  a  background  to  the  principal 
finure,  and  is  made  up  with  uncommon  discernment,  John  on  the  right  hand  of 
his  Master,  Peter,  Matthew,  and  several  others  on  the  left,  are  most  conspicuous. 
The  beloved  disciple  is  rejiresented  here  young,  amiable,  and  pensive,  as  we 
constantly  find  him  in  religious  compositions. 

On  the  right  of  Christ  are  several  persons  bringing  objects  of  pity  and  com- 
miseration to  Him,  who  was,  of  all  the  sons  of  men,  the  most  compassionate :  a 
most  beautiful  woman,  in  a  dark  garment,  holding  a  sickly  infant ;  behind  her  a 
distressed  mother  brings  forward,  with  natural  eagerness,  a  rickety  child  ;  and, 
between  her  and  Jesus,  we  remark,  as  a  i>rominent  figure  in  this  gr<mp,  a  very 
hand.sonie  young  woman,  who  seems  to  have  lost  her  sight  by  a  dreadful 
<lisorder  in  her  brain.  The  white  band,  and  the  hand  of  the  sympathizing  old 
man,  which  bind  and  hold  her  beautiful  head,  tell  at  once  her  situation,  and 
work  impressively  on  the  minds  of  the  spectators,  who  wish  that  an  object  so 
l>leasing,  so  enchanting  to  the  sight,  may  not  long  be  deprived  of  that  blessing. 

This  group  is  backed  by  that  of  the  high-priest  and  Pharisees,  whose  coun- 
tenances, by  their  variety  and  aptness,  are  in  a  most  classical  style,  A  figure  in 
the  right  corner,  pointing  at  our  Saviour,  and  glancing  on  him  with  a  look  full  of 
malice,  has  been  mistaken  for  the  traitor  Judas  ;  but  the  painter  had  too  correct  a 
conception  of  his  subject  to  bring  forward  such  a  hideous  character. 

Fear  and  cowardice  are  fit  companions  for  conscious  guilt,  and  Mr.  West  has 
most  appropriately  placed  Iscariot  in  the  background,  lurking  behind  the  two 
Apostles  who  are  beyond  the  blind  man,  and  darting,  slyly,  through  the  crowd,  a 
glance  full  of  malignity,  perfidy,  and  treason,  at  the  divine  prototype  of  goodness, 
truth  and  mercy.  His  invidious  eye  and  part  of  his  sallow  face  are  all  that  can 
be  seen  of  him. 

From  a  group  of  Priests,  Scribes,  and  Pharisees,  the  sight  of  the  spectator  is 
agreeably  and  gradually  led,  by  the  contrast  ol  several  elegant  women,  bearing 
baskets  and  doves  and  flowers,  to  an  inside  view  of  the  Temple,  where,  in  the 
sanctuary,  the  seven  branched  candelabrum  burns  with  lamps,  conveys  the  roving 
eye  to  a  glance  at  the  gate  called  Speciosa,  so  well  represented  in  one  of  the  car- 
toons ;  young  Levites.  boys  crying  "  Hozanna,"  and  other  figures  of  less  import 
in  the  demijour,  fill  U])  the  intervals,  without  crowding,  and  direct  our  attention 
to  a  more  interesting  part  of  the  |)icture. 

On  the  left  side  of  the  canvas,  an  elderly  woman,  distorted  by  complicated 
disease,  is  brought  to  Jesus  by  several  friends  and  relations,  two  of  whom  appear 
to  be  Roman  soldiers,  whose  sturdy  mien  and  military  dress  contrast  excellently 
with,  and  set  off.  the  pallid  faceand  emaciated  limbs  of  the  suflferer,  as  well  as  the 
beautiful  and  most  lovely  features  of  her  distressed  daughter. 

In  the  front  of  this  afi'ecting  scene  a  centurion  is  in  the  act  of  kneeling  ;  his 
attitude,  the  anatomical  merit  of  his  figure,  and  the  classical  correctness  of  his 
costume,  deserve  our  unfeigned  admir.ation.  He  e.xpresses  what  he  feels,  and 
appears  to  feel  the  most  profound  veneration  for  Him  whom  he  so  earnestly  sup- 
plicates.    Between  him  and  Christ  one  of  the  principal  groups  is  placed. 


All  old  man,  worn  out  with  a  long  and  death-brooding  illness,  is  carried  by 
two  strong  porters,  one  standing  at  the  head  and  supporting  the  superior  part  of 
the  body,  the  other  kneeling,  his  back  towards  the  spectators,  and  holding  fast 
the  feet  and  legs.  Such  attention  has  been  paid  to  anatomy  and  coloring  in  the 
wiirking  up  of  these  two  figures,  that  both,  and  especially  the  standing  one, 
seems  rather  living  beings  than  the  masterly  and  successful  efibrts  of  a  judicious 
pencil.  What  shall  we  say  of  thesick  man  intrusted  to  their  care?  The  impres- 
sion still  remains,  and  it  will  not  be  easily  removed  from  our  minds.  Surely  the 
e.vpression  on  the  face  of  the  reviving  Lazarus,  by  Sebastiano  del  Hiombo,  is 
admirable ;  and  it  has  been  whispered  that  the  restoring  hand,  whose  original 
wonders  we  are  relating,  had  somew-hat  to  do  there  with  making  up  for  the 
rapacity  of  Time  ;  here  the  expression  is  greater  still  :  we  read  in  the  half-sunken 
eyes,  on  the  projecting  brows,  and  quivering  lips  of  the  decaying  man,  lively  hope 
and  heart  soothing  confidence  pronounced  with  the  most  energetic  emphasis. 
His  skeleton,  arms  and  hands  are  raised  towards  the  real  source  of  health  and 
comfort,  and  his  feet,  which  happen  naturallj-  to  be  nighest  the  healing  power,  by 
a  gentle  glow  of  returning  blood,  which  distinguishes  them  from  the  general  tint 
of  the  body,  seem  to  have  already  felt  the  emanating  virtue  that  flowed  sponta- 
neously from  Him  who  alone  could  say,  in  truth,   "  I  am  the  life." 

The  beautiful  woman  who  holds  the  crutch  of  her  dying  father,  the  healthy 
complexion  of  her  face  and  the  glow  of  her  extended  neck  :  the  figure  of  a  young 
man  above :  the  lovely  boy  annexed  to  the  group ;  the  blind  old  man  led  by  a 
lad  ;  the  young  Apostle,  who  seems  engaged  in  eager  conference  ;  the  lunatic  boy 
in  the  arms  of  his  afflicted  father  ;  the  impassioned  air  of  his  two  sisters,  who  are 
looking  towards  our  Saviour  ; — all  here  deserve  the  most  unqualified  approbation, 
and  make  the  centre  of  the  picture  the  focus  of  interest. 

The  last  group  constitutes,  with  the  person  of  Christ,  the  entire  subject.  All 
the  rest  is  accessory.  No  episode,  no  digression  is  idly  introduced  which  might 
detract  in  the  least  from  the  full  attention  of  the  beholder  ;  and,  although  the  Son 
of  <;od  appears  to  feel  for  all  the  sufferers  who  surround  and  entreat  his  benevolent 
attention  to  their  respective  infirmities,  yet  the  entire  scene  consists  in  the  act  of 
healing  the  sick  man. 

On  October  28,  1843,  the  Directors  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts  sent  to  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Hospital  a  flattering  proposal  for  the  loan  of  the  picture  : 

Pe.nnsvi,v.\m.\  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts. 
Phii,.\delphi.\,  October  28,  1843. 
Gentlemen. — The  Directors  of  the  Academy  are  desirous  to  offer  to  the 
public  for  a  limited  period,  during  the  coming  w  inter,  an  exhibition  of  choice 
works  of  art,  connected  exclusively  with  religious  and  scriptural  subjects.  They 
propose  to  exhibit  only  a  limited  number  of  pictures,  and  aming  them  to  give  a 
prominent  place  to  the  productions  of  Mr.  West's  pencil.  Already  possessing 
themselves  his  greatest  work,  and  having  made  arrangements  for  several  other  of 
his  large  and  masterly  productions,  they  are  particularly  desirous  to  unite  with 
these  his  admirable  |)ainting  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  on  such 
terms  as  your  Board  may  agree  with  them  in  considering  mutually  advantageous. 
It  is  believed  that  such  an  exhibition  would  bring  your  |)ainting  to  the  notice  of 
our  citizens  in  a  manner  to  do  justice  tt)  Mr.  West's  fame,  and  in  accordance  with 
what  would  be  acceptable  to  himself  were  he  living,  and  at  the  same  time  would 
somewhat  add  to  the  revenue  derived  from  it  by  the  Hospital,  as  at  present 
exhibited. 


Proposal 
to  loan 
Painting  to 
.\cademy  of 
Fine  -Arts. 


Tnislinn  thai  llii-  itlort  \vi-  an-  inakiiiK  in  txtiiuliiiK  a  lovr  for  lliu  liiu'  alts  in 
Philaclclphin,  may  nii-ct  your  approval  and  co-opiration,  we  shall  in-  most  happy 
to  arraiiKc  with  any  committee-  from  your  body  the  terms  upon  which  your 
picture  can  he  obtained  for  said  exhibition. 

We  remain,  Kenllemen,  very  respectfully  yours, 

f.  G.  Ctiii.Ds,        CiiAKi.Ks  Graff, 
IIVMAN  Gkatz,      n.  I).  Gil. PIN. 

'I'liis  apiilic.ition  was  granted   November  8,    1843,   when   it  was 
resolved  : 

Proposal  That    the    Managers   accept  the  terms    proposed    by    the    Conunittee  of  the 

to  loan    Academy  of  the   Fine  Arts  with   regard  to  West   Painting— to  wit :     forty  dollars 

PainiiuK    per  month,  and  all  expenses  of  removal  and  risk. 

accepted.  -y^^  picture  was  safely  returned  at   the  close  of  the  Exhibition. 

Some    years  later  a  letter  of  similar  tenor  from  the  Hon.  Joseph   R. 

Ingersoll,  was  received  : 

.■\pril  6.  1X4-. 

Geiillcmiii. —TUv  Directors  of  the  Pennsylvania  .\cademy  of  the  Fine  .\rls 
intend  to  open  an  Kxhibition  in  their  newly  constructed  fire  i>roof  >;alleries  on  the 
tenth  of  May.  If  not  inconsistent  with  your  views,  they  would  be  ple.ised  to 
receive  under  their  care  the  Paintiiij;  of  "  Christ  healiiiK  the  Sick  "  which  belongs 
to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

.■\lthouKh  it  would  be  out  of  your  iiiiniediate  possession,  it  would  be  s\iliject 
at  all  times  to  your  supervision  ami  recall :  ami  would  not  be  less  secure  from 
injury,  and  more  jierhaps  the  subject  of  study  and  examination  than  it  is  in  its 
present  place. 

The  removal  could  be  eliected  eillR-r  by  your  own  a^euts  or  under  the  care- 
ful direction  of  the  Academy  as  minht  be  most  agreeable  to  your  selves.  .\  very 
prominent  and  distinjcuished  position  would  be  assigned  to  the  paintinK. 

With  great  respect,  Vour  servant, 

To  the  Managers.  J.  R.  1mu:ks(.t.i.. 

The  Painting  was  again  loaned  to  the  Academy  in  1S53,  was 
returned,  and  subsequently  it  was  jilaced  in  the  Hall  of  the  Dejiart- 
nient  for  the  Insane.  Sully's  portraits  of  Dr.  Rush  and  Mr.  Samuel 
Coates,  which  were  also  loaned,  were  returned  to  the  Centre  Building 
of  the  Pine  Street  Hospital,  where  they  still  remain. 
PaintiiiK  In  18S4,  the  Painting  was  found  to  require  cleaning  and  varnisli- 

restored  to   j^^g      Afterwards  it  was  removed  from  the  Insane  Department  to  tiie 
Hospital  \\\i\\   clinical  amphitheatre  at  the  Pine  Street  Hospital,  and  jilaccd  in  a  con- 
appropriate  spicuous  position,  above  the  operating  table,  on  the  south  wall.     The 
ceremonies,   occasionof  the  restoration  was  made  a  public  One,  on  November  lo,  1884, 
and  several  formal  addresses  were  delivered  before  a  large  audience, 
collected  in  response  to  an   invitation  from   tlie  Hoard  of  Managers. 
The  President  of  tiie  Hoard,  William  Hiddle,  introduced  the  orators. 
The  address  of  Dr.  Morton  was  mainly  devoted  to  relating  the 
foregoing  History  of  the  Painting  of  '•  Christ  Heating  the  Sick  in  tiie 
TemiJle." 


The  Address  by   Mr.  John   B.   Garrett   is  so  appropriate  as  to 
warrant  its  introduction  here:  Addnssoii 


Before  I  came  here  tliis  eveniiiK  I  heard  an  expression  of  surprise  from  one 
of  the  friends  of  the  Hospital,  that  the  Managers  should  use  the  mere  restoration 
and  removal  of  this  picture,  valuable  as  it  is,  as  the  feature  of  a  public  occasion 
like  this.  I  confess  it  was  a  somewhat  natural  criticism,  but  when  I  look  upon 
such  an  audience  as  is  gathered  here,  and  remember  that  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  is  one  of  the  most  venerable  and  one  of  the  most  honorable  charitable 
institutions  of  America,  when  I  remember  the  historj-  of  this  picture,  which  we 
have  just  listened  to,  I  confess  that  it  is  no  mean  occasion,  but  it  is  one  that  we 
very  honorably  and  jiroperly  grace.  And  I  am  sure  I  may  say  on  behalf  of  the 
Managers  of  the  Hospital  that  they  are  very  grateful  to  the  friends  of  the  institu- 
tion for  their  presence  to-night,  and  still  more  may  I  say  to  the  Managers,  on 
behalf  of  this  company,  that  we  have  enjoyed,  and  are  enjoying,  the  privilege 
which  is  granted  here  of  feasting  our  eyes  upon  this  beautiful  scene. 

Benjamin  West  may  not  have  been  a  great  man,  but  he  certainly  was  a 
remarkable  man;  he  was  a  man  of  genius;  he  was  a  man  of  patience  and 
])erseverance  in  the  calling  which  he  believed  was  allotted  to  him.  He  lived  to  a 
wonderfully  green  old  age.  From  the  early  age  of  seven  until  he  had  filled  out  the 
fourscore  years  of  life  he  diligently  used  his  pencil  for  a  wise  and  honorable  purjjose. 

To  whom  can  we  point  in  any  sphere  of  life  who  has  covered  so  nearly  three- 
quarters  of  a  century  with  diligence  in  any  occupation?  Beginning  at  the  age  of 
seven,  and  manifesting  a  wonderful  gift  at  that  early  period,  doing  a  piece  of 
coloring  at  the  age  of  nine  that  he  himself  in  the  very  prime  of  his  years 
commended  as  equal  to  some  of  his  best  efforts  ;  going  to  Italy  to  study  the 
masters  when  he  had  scarcely  reached  his  manhood  ;  entering  in  London  the 
very  best  society ;  and  in  the  prime  of  life  being  made  the  Royal  Historical 
Painter  for  King  George  HI ;  keeping  that  up  as  I  have  already  said,  far  beyond 
the  ordinary  allotted  life  of  man,  he  presents  to  us  a  picture  of  patience,  of 
diligence,  which  is  most  commendable,  and  which  every  one  of  us  may  well 
study  and  well  emulate. 

The  history  of  this  particular  picture  covers  the  whole  of  this  current 
century.  It  was  in  the  year  1800,  when  the  last  century  was  fading  away,  that 
the  Managers  of  the  Hospital  first  conveyed  to  Benjamin  West  their  request 
that  he  would  do  them  this  honor.  It  is  one  thing  for  a  man  to  sit  down  and 
with  his  pen  part  with  accumulated  w-ealth  when  he  can  no  longer  use  it  or  take 
it  to  another  sphere,  but  it  is  altogether  a  different  thing  for  one  to  give,  as  did 
Benjamin  West,  in  this  case,  of  his  time  and  talents  and  artistic  skill,  when  they 
were  all  needed  for  his  own  proper  support,  for  a  work  of  charity  like  this. 

He  had  just  before  declined  the  knighthood  that  was  proffered  him  by 
King  George  III.  Not  apparently  because  of  any  conscientious  objection  to 
holding  the  title,  but  because  he  w-as  already  too  poor  to  maintain  the  dignity  of 
such  a  position.  I  think  when  we  recollect  this  fact,  we  have  an  added  value 
given  to  the  work  of  that  man's  hand,  and  to  his  genius,  which  cover  many  of 
the  years  of  his  old  age. 

Now,  as  to  this  place  of  deposit  for  the  picture.  That  it  was  of  great  value 
to  him  is  abundantly  testified  by  the  fact  that  its  counterpart,  less  masterly  in  its 
conception,  and  less  perfect  in  its  execution,  than  the  one  before  you,  yielded  to 
him  three  thousand  guineas.  That  it  had  great  value  to  this  Hospital,  is  also 
proven  by  the  fact  that  it  has  yielded  in  revenue  to  the  Hospital  in  the  years 
gone  by,  about  fifteen  thousand  diillars  in  our  .\merican  money.  The  one 
picture  cost  its  owners  fifteen  thousand  dollars,  the  other  yielded  to  its  owners 
no  less  a  sum. 


occasion  of 
placing  the 
Painting  in 
the  Clinical 
Amiihi- 
theatre. 


DuriiiK  Us  lurliir  yiiirs,  :\s  you  luivc  alnady  htard,  it  was  diposili'd  in  ilu- 
Mr  Cam-It's  ''"''<li"K  "liicli  has  ri-cciitly  lii-in  vaiatcil  by  tin-  Historical  Society  on  Spruce- 
Address  Stri-i-t  on  tliisi- grounds.  Tliat  IniildiuK,  though  not  as  we  behold  it,  was  con- 
structed for  this  |iarticular  purpose.  Cienerations  have  looked  upon  it  within 
those  walls  doubtless  w  illi  jjreat  interest.  I  believe  that  there  are  not  a  lew  in  this 
company,  who,  if  they  had  been  asked  a  nu>nth  a^o,  "Where  is  tliat  liistorii  al 
picture  painted  by  West  ?  "  would  certainly  have  said  they  did  not  know.  Perhaps 
some  of  them  would  have  said  "  I  never  have  heard  of  it."  Familiar  as  I  was  with  Ihe 
|)icture  from  having  passe<l  throunh  and  through  the  Oepartment  for  the  Insane 
for  several  years  in  my  round  of  duty,  it  was  very  recently  that  I  became 
acquainted  with  the  history  th.it  we  have  heard  this  eveninj;,  or  knew  how  this 
Hospital  obtained  the  k'iH,  and  all  the  interesting  circ\imslances  of  its  loiiK 
history. 

It  has  been  out  of  sijjht,  in  an  inconspicuous  place,  where  the  patrons  of  art 
and  the  admirers  of  such  works,  and  where  all  the  visitors  of  this  city  have 
scarcely  for  a  seneration  past,  seen  it.  It  is  now  restored  at  last  to  the  heart  of 
the  city,  and  within  easily  reach  of  you  all,  and  of  all  who  may  wi.sh  to  come  here 
and  see  it.  And  more  than  that,  a  picture  whose  subject  is  as  this,  it  would  seem 
to  me,  is  most  appropriately  hunt;  in  the  face  of  the  hundreds  of  medical  students 
who  day  by  day  during  the  winter  months  sit  upon  these  forms  and  listen  to  the 
instruction  of  their  medical  teachers.  What  may  we  expect  from  the  im])ress 
which  this  Rroup  shall  make  upon  the  minds  and  hearts  of  those  younn  men, 
imbibing  in  their  early  manhood  the  lessons  which  shall  accompany  them  brought 
to  life?  I  can  scarcely  think  of  a  more  appropriate  theme  for  them  to  ponder  ;  I 
can  scarcely  think  of  a  more  apjiroiiriate  place  for  such  a  picture,  than  in  the  fai  e 
of  these  younj;  men.     "Christ  llealin};  the  Sick." 

If  there  be  one  thought  more  calculated  than  another  to  ennoble  the  pracllce 
of  medicine  and  every  ministration  of  hospital  life,  it  is  the  thought  which 
the  mind  of  this  man  of  )j;<-'n'>'s  Krasped,  and  which  he  has  happily  trans- 
ferred to  the  canvas  before  you  ;  and  I  am  willing  to  believe  that  upon  this  wall. 
where  it  now  hangs,  in  the  face  of  successive  generations  of  young  men,  it  will  be 
an  interminable  lesson  ;  that  it  will  be  as  bread  cast  upon  the  waters,  which  shall 
return  after  many  days.  I  see  in  it,  not  only  the  work  of  man's  genius,  but  a 
spiritual  lesson  of  God  through  man's  instrumentality,  and  I  believe  we  may  thank 
God  that  he  guided  the  mind  and  pencil  of  the  painter  to  such  a  work,  and  that  it 
is  in  the  possession  of  this  Hospital  to  enter  to-day  upon  a  new  era  of  its  historv 
and  its  usefulness,  which  shall  last  through  many  ages. 

Am  I  wrong  in  stamping  this  .'is  a  noble,  as  well  as  a  veneralile  charity  ? 
Situated  in  the  very  heart  of  this  city,  near  to  its  railroads  and  its  manufactories, 
and  to  its  tiensest  i)opulation,  it  is  most  convenient  to  very  many  of  those  who 
are  stricken  down,  especially  by  accident,  and  it  is  therefore  still,  as  it  has  ever 
been  the  institution  of  its  class  which  is  most  resorted  to,  and  most  [)atronized, 
within  our  borders. 

I  will  not  detain  you.  I  know,  my  friends,  that  )-r»u  have  come  here  rather 
to  see  than  to  hear.  I  hope  you  will  linger  here  and  feast  your  eyes  up<)n  this 
picture,  that  you  may  take  away  with  you  from  it  some  true  instruction,  which 
shall  live  and  abide  in  your  hearts,  and  that  you  shall  circulate  among  those  with 
whom  you  mingle  the  tidings  of  what  you  have  seen,  that  others  may  come  and 
enjoy  it  to-night,  and  that  it  may  yield  a  large  revenue  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  in  money,  and  a  still  larger  revenue  to  mankind  in  the  good  it  shall 
instill  in  the  minds  and  the  hearts  of  the  peoi>lc  of  this  community. 

I  know  no  more  honorable  occupation  than  that  of  the  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine ;  and  it  is  my  prayer  that  the  hundreds  of  young  men  who  shall  fill  the  seats 


that  you  fill,  tlirousl'  succeeding  years,  may  drink  in  the  instruction  which  shall 
be  got  from  that  wall  ;  that  it  may  be  instrumental  in  God's  hand  in  giving  them 
a  nobler  conception  of  that  work  which  is  intrusted  to  their  hands ;  for  that  as 
they  minister  to  the  poor  body,  they  may  never  fail  in  <hity  to  those  to  whom 
they  minister  also  to  their  souls. 

At  a  Stated  meeting  of  the  Board  of    Managers,  held   November 
24,  1884,  the  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

Resoli-ed,  That   the   thanks   of   the   Board   be  presented  to   Dr.  Thomas  G. 
Morton  and  John   B.   Garrett,   respectively,  for  the  very  interesting  discourses    Formal 
delivered  by  them  on  the   loth  inst.,  on  the  occasion  of  the  unveiling  of  West's    Resolution  of 
painting  of  "Christ   Healing  the  Sick,"  in  the  clinical  lecture  room  of  the  Pine    Thanks. 
Street  Hospital. 

Resolved,  That  the  Secretary  be  directed  to  ask  from  them,  respectively,  a 
copy  for  publication  of  the  discourses  thus  delivered  for  circulation  among  the 
friends  of  the  Hospital. 

Taken  from  the  minutes.  Bknj.amin  H.  Shokmakkr,  Secielaiy. 


/ 


Rear  \'iew  of  Picture  House. 

The  Picture  House  ceased  to  be  used  for  exhibition  jnirposes  in 
1843.  After  the  Painting  was  brought  back  from  the  Pennsylvania 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  it  was  deposited  in  the  Department  for  the 
Insane,  where  it  remained  until  restored  finally  to  the  Pine  Street 
Hospital,  as  just  stated. 

The  valuable  services  rendered  by  West  to  the  Hospital  will 
justify  the  introduction  here  of  a  brief  sketch  of  the  life  of  the 
Philatlelphia  artist,  who  became  President  of  the  Royal  Academy, 
and  who  taught  Englishmen  to  appreciate  American  Paintings. 

Benjamin  West  was  born  October    10,  i^.v*^.  within   a  few  miles  of  Philadel- 
phia, at  Springfield,  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania.     His  father,  who  was  born  Brief 
and  educated  in  England,  belonged  to  the  Quaker  family  of  the  Wests  of  Long  Biography 
Crendon,  in  Buckinghamshire.     When  Benjamin  West  was  seven  years  of  age  he  of  Benjamin 
already  showed  a  remarkable  aptness  in  painting  and  among  other  sketches,  he  West, 
drew  an  admiral>le  likeness  of  a  sleeping  infant  in  ri-d  and  black    ink.      It  is  said 

3>9 


that   wlicii  lit;  was  about  eight  years  old,  he  leiiriied  from  the   Iiuluins  huw  tu 

Biocrariliv  of    l"'-'!'-"''^  '''^'  '^'-''^  ■■""'  yellow  colors  with  which  they  stained  their  wea|>oiis;  these 

Beiij'imiii    ^*''''  i'ldiK".  ami  some  hair  |)eiicils  made  from   the  tail  of  his  mother's  favorite 

West      '''•"■''  '"'i  furnished  the  materials  for  his  earliest  ellorts  at  painting,  and  constant 

practice   soon    enahled    liim    to    make    further    and    satisfactttry    jirogress.     The 

village  of  Westdale,  which  was  named  after  the  West  family,  but  now  known  as 

Swarthniore  College,  still  contains  the  old  house  in  which  West  was  born.     It  was 

on  the  attic  walls  of  lliis  house  that  the  young  artist  drew  nianyof  lii^  well  known 

charcoal  sketches. 

At  nine  years  of  age.  West  came  tt>  I'hiladelpliia  and  niade  the  ac<iuaintance 
of  a  painter  by  the  name  of  Williams  who  encouraged  the  young  artist  and  gave 
him  nuich  assistance.  Mr.  Wayne  also  employed  him  at  this  time  to  draw  figures. 
Shortly  after  this,  his  painting  of  a  Mrs.  Ross  in  Lancaster,  attracted  considerable 
attention.  When  he  was  si.vteen  years  of  age,  he  served  under  Major  Sir  Peter 
Ilolket  as  a  volunteer  in  search  of  the  remains  of  the  army  defeated  under 
llraddock.  Me  established  himself  when  eighteen  years  of  age  in  I'hiladelpliia, 
and  painted  for  a  gunsmith  his  lir.st  historical  picture,  "  The  Death  of  Socrates." 
Later  he  went  to  New  York,  where,  in  1760,  he  was  aided  by  some  generous 
merchants  to  go  and  pursue  his  studies  in  Italy.  At  Rome,  he  was  patronised 
by  Lord  Grantham,  whose  portrait  he  painted  ;  he  there  became  the  friend  of 
Mengs,  an<l,  as  the  first  American  artist  ever  seen  in  Italy,  he  then  attracted 
much  attention.  While  in  Italy  he  painted  his  "  Cimon  and  Iphigenia,"  and 
"Angelica  and  Medora,"  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Ac.ideniies  of 
Florence,  Bologna  and  Parma.  In  1763,  visiting  Kngland  on  his  way  to  America, 
he  was  induced  to  remain  in  Lon<lon.  In  1765  he  married  Eliza  Shewell,  to  whom 
he  had  been  engaged  before  leaving  America.  His  "  Agrippina  Landing  w  ith  the 
Ashes  of  ("lermanicus,"  attracted  the  attention  of  (leorgellL,  who  was  his  steady 
friend  and  patron  for  forty  years,  during  which  time  he  sketched  or  painted  four 
hundred  pictures.  His  "  Death  of  General  Wolfe,"  painted  in  the  costume  of 
the  period,  against  the  advice  of  all  the  most  distinguished  painters,  elTected  a 
revolution  in  historic  art.  For  the  king  he  painted  a  series  of  twenty-eight 
religious  pictures  for  Windsor  Castle. 

After  the  super;iiimiation  of  the  king,  his  royal  commission  as  historical  painter 
to  his  Majesty,  George  III.  was  cancelled.  Me  then  began  a  new  series  of  religious 
pieces.  The  first  of  these  the  subject  of  which  was,  "Christ  Mealing  the  Sick," 
was  Intended  as  a  present  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  In  Philadelphia.  The 
original  was  sold,  however,  for  j,o<io  guineas  to  the  British  Institute,  and  a  copy 
w  ith  some  alterations  was  sent  by  West  to  Philadelphia.  It  Is  proper,  however,  to 
mention  another  ambitious  eflort  which  was  considered  the  most  remarkable 
l)iclure  of  this  series,  "  Death  on  the  Pale  Morse,"  from  Revelations,  exhibited 
in  Lontlon  in  1817.  Among  his  battle  pieces  was  the  "Battle  of  La  Hague," 
one  of  his  best  pictures.  In  1792  he  succeeded  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  as  president 
of  the  Royal  .Academy,  declining  the  honor  of  knighthood.  He  retired  from  that 
post  In  1S02,  but  was  re-elected  a  year  later,  and  retained  the  office  until  his 
death.  The  e.vtraordinary  reputation  once  enjoyed  by  West  was  largely  due  to 
the  facility  with  which  he  worked,  and  to  the  academic  correctness  of  his  designs. 

A  bronze  medal  was  struck  In  London  In  i,Si5  in  commemoration  of  the 
presentation  of  West's  first  picture  of  "  Christ  Healing  the  Sick  "  to  the  British 
National  Gallery  ;  the  obverse  has  a  bust  of  West,  and  the  reverse  the  names  of 
the  subscribers  who  In  iSii  purchased  and  donated  the  picture, 

Benjamin  West  dle<l  at  his  house  in  Newman  Street,  London,  March  11,  1820, 
and  was  buried  with  great  pomp  in  St.  Paul's  Catlu'dral.  iMalnly  from  Cliambers' 
Encyclopadia. ) 


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For  more  than  fifty  \ears  the  I^aintini;  has  been  freely  exhibited 
within  the  Husjiital  buildings.  After  tlie  Picture  House  was  vacated 
it  was  leased  to  the  College  of  Physicians,  and  subsequently  to  the 
Historical  Society  (as  mentioned  on  page  99).  It  is  also  inter- 
esting to  note  that  the  Philadelphia  Pathological  Society  was  permitted 
the  use  of  a  lower  room  for  its  meetings  during  the  time  that  the 
building  was  occupied  by  the  College. 

The  first  mention  in  the  Hospital  records  of  prints  or  engravings  I'rints, 
of  the  institution,  occurs  in  the  minutes  of  a  meeting  of  the  Hoard  KuKraviiiKs, 
of  Managers  held  in  May,  1762.  when  the  suggestion  was  made  that  '"'"''"ss 
a  plate  should  be  engraved  in  order  that  a  ])icture  of  the  Hospital 
might  accompany  a  formal  vote  of  thanks,  or  address,  to  Thomas  and 
Richard  Penn,  in  London,  who  represented  the  Proprietaries  of  the 
Province  at  that  period.  Accordingly,  in  October,  it  is  recorded 
that  "  two  prints,  framed  and  glaized,"  were  sent  together  to  Richard 
Hockley  to  be  forwarded  to  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn.  with  an 
address  in  acknowledgment  of  the  first  instalment  of  the  annuity  of 
forty  pounds  sterling,  granted  by  the  Proprietaries,  who,  at  the  same 
time,  had  given  assurance  that  they  would  also  grant  a  i)atent  for 
a  lot  of  ground  contiguous  to  the  Hospital  property,  which  was 
much  desired  by  the  Managers.  It  was  doubtless  an  occasion  of  much 
sincere  congratulation  among  the  friends  of  the  infant  charity,  when 
this  substantial  assurance  of  interest  and  appreciation  of  the  Penn 
family  was  received,  as  it  not  onl\-  furnished  much  needed  aid.  hut 
also  was  an  evidence  that  the  Proprietaries  had  become  friendly  to 
their  benevolent  enterprise,  to  which  they  had  formerly  been  indif- 
ferent and  neglectful,  owing  to  an  unfortunate  misunderstanding  at 
the  beginning.  .A-pril  26,  1763,  another  lot  of  prints  of  the  Hospital 
was  received  and  the  bill  of  ^8  ordered  to  be  paid. 

The  earliest  engraved  view  of  the   Hospital,   showing  only  the    Knjrraved 
east  wing,  as  first  built,  is  an  engraving,  by  Hulet,i  of  the  "  House  of  Prims  of  the 
Employment,  Alms  House  and  Pennsylvania  Hospital."     This   i)rint    Hospital, 
was  given  by  Cecil  Percival,-  of  Henbury,  near  Bristol,  England,   in 
July,  1883,  to  Anna  L.  Lippincott,  of  Haddonfield,  New  Jersey,  who 
presented  it  to  the  Hospital,  April  5,  1884.     (See  illustration.) 

It  was  subsequently  stated  in  the  minutes  that,  in  1768,  a  large, 
colored  engraving  of  the  Hospital  and  Poor  House,  drawn  by 
Nicholas  Garrison,  was  presented  to  the  Hospital.  The  Poor  Hou.se, 
at   that   period,  occupied   the   adjoining    lot   west   of  the   Hospital 


'Tlie  Engraver,  Hulet,  worked  from  175010  1760,  according  to  G,  Reed,  Keeper  of  Prints 
and  Drawings  in  the  Brilisii  Museum. 

=.\  Grandson  of  Spencer  I'ercival,  Prime  Minister  of  Great  Brilain,  1809-181^. 


Dr.  Lettsoni 

alKint 

EnKraviiin. 


grounds.  This  illustration  gives  a  very  \ivid  impression  of  the 
sparsely  settled  condition  of  the  <  ity,  esjjecially  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Hospital,  which  then  looked  out  upon  n])en  commons  and  green 
fields. 

In  ^[ar<  h,  i.Sot.   it  is  mentioned  incidentially  that  an  elevation 
of  the  Hospital  had  been  drawn  by  Parkyns,"  but  the  artist 

HaviiiK  retired  from  this  city  and  there  bcinK  little  or  no  prospect  that  he  willenKrave 
the  phUe  it  is  asreed  ...  to  write  to  Or.  J.  C.  Lettsom,  of  London,  and  request 
that  he  will  have  it  e.\ecnted  under  his  own  direction  for  the  use  of  the  students. 

Correspon-  The  unfinished  work   was  sent  to   Dr.    Lettsom.   ••  by  the  ship 

dence  with  George  M'Collom,  now  about  sailing  for  London."  A  letter  mailed 
by  Dr.  Lettsom  in  July,  was  received  the  following  Sei)tember.  .As 
this  letter  illustrates  the  friendly  sentiments  existing  between  the 
corresjjondents,  and  incidentall)  refers  to  a  recent  improvement  in 
paper-making,  it  is  copied  here  verbatim.  (The  head-lines  were  printed 
in  capitals  across  the  head  of  the  sheet  of  paper,  of  letter  size.) 

KINK  PAI'KK.MAMKACTIRKD   FROM   STRAW  ALDNK.  THE  23U  OF 
OCTOBER,    iScK>.    M     Koops.     T.    BIRTON.    PRINTER,    LITTLE  QUEEN 
STREET. 
Esteemed  Friends.  Sum' I.  Coales,  Josiah  Hi-.ies  : 

So  far  from  thinkin;;  it  requisite  to  offer  any  apology  on  your  part  for  the 
supposed  trouhle  you  imposed  upon  nie,  respecting;  a  copper  plate  of  your 
Hospital,  and  its  impression  on  pottery,  that  1  consider  your  request,  as  a  mark 
of  your  respect,  and  as  a  favour  conferred  ujjon  me.  I  will  further  add,  that  I 
shall  ever  he  ready  to  cooperate  with  you  in  promoting  the  interests  of  your 
puhlick  and  private  institutions.  It  becomes  me  inileed  to  make  an  apology,  for 
deviatins  from  your  directions  with  respect  to  the  ennravinn  of  the  plate,  which 
you  recomn)ended  to  be  in  aqua-tint  ;  but  upon  consulting  engravers,  they 
assured  nie.  it  was  a  superficial  mode,  that  would  not  admit  of  more  than  100 
impressions.  I  then  consulted  Benjamin  West,  who  decidedly  encouraged  me  to 
ailopt  engraving  in  stroke,  (line,)  as  l)oth  more  elegant  and  durable.  I  laiti 
before  him  specimens  of  engravings  of  different  artists,  and  the  muinent  he  saw 
those  of  Cooke,  a  rising  artist,  he  was  highly  gratified,  and  advised  me  to  engage 
him.  I  knew  him  as  a  patient  I  had  attended,  and  as  a  worthy  ingenious  man. 
He  asked  thirty  guineas  for  the  e.xecuticm  of  the  plate.  I  told  him  that  I 
considered  myself  limited  to  twenty,  that  it  was  for  a  puhlick  body,  and  might 
add  to  his  credit  and  benefit ;  .and  he  has  agreed  for  this  last  sum,  as  he 
considered  the  engagement  would  prove  an  honorable  testimony  in  his  favour. 
West  said  the  smn  w.is  small  indeed  ;  and  at  the  same  time  he  was  so  pleased 
with  Cooke  as  an  artist,  though  unacquainted  with  him  personally,  that  he  would 
call  upon  Cooke  to  assist  him  in  the  performance,  or  give  him  free  admission  to 


'  George  Isham  Parkyns,  who  is  here  referred  to  as  llic  one  who  had  left  the  city  without 
fulfilling  his  enRaKemenl  to  engrave  the  plale.  was  an  English  draughtsman  whose  specially 
was  aquatint  engraving.  He  was  in  the  employ  of  Freeman,  the  publisher,  but  like  many 
oilier  artists  of  Ihat  day  and  this,  was  somewhat  erratic  in  his  life  and  inclined  to  nomadic 
habits.  The  work  that  he  was  engaged  lo  execute  by  the  Managers  was  an  elevation  of  the 
Hospital  to  accompany  an  engraved  form  for  a  certificate  lo  be  given  10  students  in  testimony  of 
their  attendance  upon  the  practice  01  the  house  and  having  performed  their  duliessalislactorily. 


322 


see  him,  and  consult  liini  at  his  house,  the  hitter  was  much  gratified  when  I  com- 
municated to  him  the  approbation  and   kindness  of  your  distinguished  country-    q^  Lettsom's 
man  ;  and  I  dare  say  that  Cooke  will  exert  liimself  to  please  V\'est,  as  well  as  to    Correspon- 
promote  his  own  character ;    but  the  engraving  cannot  be  finished  in  less  than    (ignce 
two  months,  to  do  justice  to  the  design.     As  soon  as  his  department  is  completed 
Ashby  will  execute  the  inscription.     I  have  attended  his  family  for  many  years, 
and  know  him  to  be  an  amiable  man,  as  well  as  a  capital  letter  engraver.     In  the 
same  capacity,  as  patients,  I  am  acquainted  with  Xeale  and  Bailey,  a  great  house 
in  the  pottery  line,  and  who  have  a  manufactory  of  their  own  in  London,  for 
transferring  engravings  from  copper  to  earthen  vessels,  si>ecimcns  of  which  they 
have  exhibited  to  me,  and  although  they  would  not  conclude  at  this  moment,  the 
e.xact  expense  of  the  work  yon  wished  to  have  e.xecuted,  I  am  persuaded  that  it 
will  not  exceed  your  limitation. 

I  thought  it  would  acceptable  to  you  to  be  informed  of  the  progress  I  have 
made  towards  accomplishing  your  request  and  it  would  give  me  much  pleasure 
should  every  thing  eventually  acquire  your  approbation  and  am  respectfully 

your  friend. 
Lo.vDDN,  July  3,  1801.  J.  C.  Lettsom. 

May  10,  1802,  two  letters  of  .special  interest  were  received  from 
Dr.  Lettsomi  ;  one  of  these  was  written  on  paper  made  of  "India 
Sugar  Bales,"  as  the  Managers  had  it.  but  the  advertisement  printed 
on  the  one  sheet  on  which  the  letter  was  written  declared  the  material 
to   be   "an  East   India  Article,   called   paut  or   jute   (or  Crotolaria 

Juncea,  or  Paut),  which  grows  in 
^'"^'■°>«>,_  India;    it  is  the  same  from  which 

Gunney  Bags  are  made."  The 
learned  doctor  seemed  ver\  much 
interested  in  new  discoveries  and 
improvements  of  all  kinds  as  well 
as  in  benevolent  institutions.  This 
letter  continues  the  discussion  of 
the  subject  of  the  copper-plate 
given  in  his  charge  to  be  engraved  : 

Esfeenif'd  friends. — .\s  I  have  not 
preserved  a  copy  of  my  letter  to  you 
respecting  the  plate  of  the  Hospital  in 
your  city,  you  will  excuse  any  needless 
repetition  in  the  i)resent  address. 

Our  distance  is  such,  as  to  have  occa- 
Dr.  Lettsom.  sioned  some  difficulty  to  determine  how- 

to  act  for  the  best.      I  have  therefore  uni- 
formly consulted  Benjamin  West  :  and  it  is  with  his  opinion,  that  I  have  concluded 


'  John  Coaklev  Lettsuiii  was  an  English  physician,  born  about  1744,  of  Ouaker  parentage. 
He  studied  in  EdinbufKb.  Paris  and  LevHen.  and  in  [769  settled  in  London.  Tbrough  the 
influence  of  Dr.  Folhergill  he  obtained  a  l;irge  practice.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Society  in  1771.  He  wrote  a  biography  of  Dr.  Fothergili  and  a  number  of  treatises  on 
natural  history.  His  friendship  for  the  Pennsyb-ania  Hospital  is  conspicuously  displayed  in 
his  letters  herein  published,  and  by  bis  constant  efforts  in  nir.nv  ways  to  ser\  e  this  institution. 
He  died  in  1815. 


323 


lij  strike  otV;i  iiiiinliii'  i>(  iniprissions  Inmi  llu-  plali-  liiri-,  rathir  than  lo  siiul  tin- 
platt-  for  you  t<t  lake  llirm  olV;  iiuU-t-d  I  know  iiol  lu»\v  lo  art  otlii-rwisi',  coiisistiMit 
willi  tlif  plan  you  liail  sunRi'stfcl,  of  having  iniprtssions  of  tlii'  plati'on  porii-laiu  : 
for  had  tin-  plati-  hiin  usi-d  for  this  hist  purposi- 1  was  doubtful  of  its  bt-iuK  iujuri-d 
and  as  it  is  you  will  tind  it  an  (.■xciuisiti-  pi-rtonnaiu'i.*.  To  take  the  impression  on 
porcelain,  it  is  requisite  to  send  it  into  StaH'ordshire;  w  liiili  I  shall  very  soon  lie  able 
totlo;  that  is,  as  soon  as  Cook  has  the  prints  taken  otl',  and  wiilch  I  shall  ininiediately 
transmit  lo  you  and  as  soon  as  I  hear  from  Slafl'ordshirc,  advise  you  of  the 
proposals,  should  the  expence  exceed  your  limits.  When  the  plates  arrive,  I 
hope  they  will  K'vi"  you  satisfaction,  and  lo  learn  which  will  alVord  me  real 
pleasure.  With  the  plates,  I  have  sent  you  framed  one  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Lon- 
don, which  I  request  through  you  lobe  presented  to  your  Hospital,  and  am  pres'ly. 
LoMioN.  Nov.  2.S,  iHoi.  J.  C.  Lkttsom. 

The  Other  letter,  above  referred  to,  is  as  IbUows : 

r..\|>ense  of  Esletiiieil  Friends: — Since  my  letter  of  November  last,   I  have  been  able  lo 

hnj;ravini;    eonimuuicate  to  you,  the  whole  expenses  of  the  ennraving  &c.  which  amounts  to 
I  late  for    ^  |arj;er  stun  than  you  limited  me ;  but  how  to  have  lessened  it  I  could  not  devise. 
Contributors    j  i,;,^.^  received  of  (llenny  &   Mackenzie,   40.  (Guineas;    as  to   the  small  super- 
Cerlihcale.    mii„,Try  sum.  I  have  expended  you  may  act  as  you  please,   as  it  cannot   be  an 
object  of  Imporlance  any  way.      I  confess  I  thou>;ht  .\shl>y's  charne  luKh  ;  but   I 
believe  he  is  the  first  artist  in  his  department  in   London.      I    think   I  mentioned 
the  hesitation  1  experienced  as  to  taking  off  imijiessions  of  the  plate  here  and  by 
the  advice  of  Heiijamin  West,  I  dccideil  to  have  them  taken  here  ;  for  let   a  plate 
be  ever  so  j;ood  w  ithout  this  last  care,  every  previous  perfection  and  e.\pence  are 
thrown  away  ;  and  I  must  say  that  a  more  masterly  and  finished   plate   I  do  not 
remember  to  have  seen,  and  much  will  it  eiicrease  my  jjleasure  should  you  view- 
it  with  the  same  partiality.     I  have  not  heard  from  StafVordshire,  respecting  the 
impressions  of  the  plate  on  Porcelain,  but  I  have  already  run  you   into  so  much 
expence  that  I  shall  not  (ji^e  any  orders  of  execution  till  1  have  your  commands. 
LoNlxiN,  January  23,  1802. 
In   this  letter  Dr.  Lettsom  enclosed  his  final  aciDunt  with  tlie 
vouchers.     These  bills  will  show  the  cost  of  this  fine  plate  and   the 

proofs  from  it. 

/..    s.    .1. 

1801,  Oct.     5.      Knijravinj;    a   view    ol    I'eiiiisylvaiiia    Hospital   li>   \\  . 

Cooke 21  o  o 

Paid  Writing  Knjjraver  Two  Lines 012  o 

Copper  Plate 11  11  6 

"     Nov.  16.      Knuraving  Writins;  to  the   l)i|iloma    lo    Peiiiisylvani.i 

Hospital,  by  Harry  Ashby  Jt  Son s 

Her     ci.     PrintiuK  250  Views  of  Pennsylvania  Hospital  at /".20b 

Per  Hundred,  by  Cox  .t  Barnet 5  .1  •■ 

10.  Quire  of  Best  Wove  double   Elephanl  at    iS/o  per 

Quire 9  o  o 

Packing  case  for  Ditto 012  o 

—  —  o 

46  3  6 

Rec'd  by  (ilenny  &  Mackenzie 42  o  o 

Due  to  Dr.  Lettsom 4        t,       6 

After  reading  Dr.  Lettsom's  letters,  at   the  meeting  of  May   10, 

1802,  it  was  decided  to  request   the  Treasurer   to   remit   the  amount 

324 


which  had  been  paid  by  '■  James  McKensey  and  A.  Glanney  "  to  tlie 
Doctor,  as  well  as  12/0  sterling,  shipping  charges,  disbursed  by  McK. 
&  G.  "  for  engraving  the  Plate  for  the  Pupils  of  the  Hospital." 

Thanks  were  returned  to  Dr.  Lettsom  for  the  "  elegant  print  he 
has  sent  the  Contributors,  of  the  Medical  Society  in  London." 

The  students  who  were  entitled  to  "a  Certificate  with  an 
engraved  view  of  the  Hospital  "  were  to  be  charged  two  dollars  each 
for  them. 

The  Managers  were  apparently  quite  proud  of  their  engraving,  Knsravings 
and  no  doubt  it  was  a  very  fine  piece  of  workmanship,  probably  the  Presented, 
very  best  which  could  be  obtained  in  those  days.  Several  of  the 
engravings  were  neatly  framed  and,  in  the  name  of  the  Contributors, 
one  was  presented  to  Thomas  McKean.  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  one  to  the  L'niversity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  one  to  the 
College  of  Physicians. 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  acknowledged  the  receipt  of 
the  "  Elevation  of  the  Hospital  "  and  expressed  their  satisfaction  with 
it  and  their  wishes  "  for  the  Prosperity  of  the  Institution." 

The  following  letter  was  received  from  the  Governor  of  Pennsyl- 
vania : 

Philadelphia,  July  3ci,  1802. 
Sir: — On  my  arrival  in  the  city  iVoiii  Lancaster.  I  this  morning  received  the 
highly  esteemed  Present  of  a  drawing  of  the  elevation  of  the  iirincipal  front  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  elegantly  framed,  from  the  Board  of  Managers, 
together  with  your  polite  letter  of  the  ist.  instant.  Be  so  good.  Sir,  as  to  assure 
the  Board,  that  I  feel  sensibly  this  mark  of  their  kind  attention,  and  tliat  the 
humane  &  charitable  Institution  under  their  management  shall  at  all  times  be  an 
object  of  my  particular  regard. 

While  it  is  conducted  in  the  liberal  and  wise  manner  as  at  present,  it  will 
be  a  blessing  and  an  honor  to  the  Slate,  ami  nuist  secure  the  gooil  wishes  and 
patronage  of  all  good  men. 

I  am.  Sir,  with  sentiments  of  particular  esteem 

Your  most  obedient  humble  Serv't. 

Thos.  McKkan. 

The  College  of  Physicians  made  acknowledgment,  as  follows : 

Philada..  Aug.  4th,  1S02. 
5/^.-1  liave  the  honor  of  communicating  to  you  the  request  of  the  College, 
that  you  would  return  their  acknowledgements  to  the  Contributors  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  for  their  letter  and  the  framed  engraving. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir,  Your  most  obdt.  Servant, 

Thos.  T.  Hkwson,  Si-crr/ttiy. 
Dk.  Ri;i)\hx,  Presidetil  oJ  the  Collcgf  of  Physicians. 
Dr.  Lettsom  wrote,  in  a  subsequent  letter,  with  regard  to  a  set  of 
engraved  porcelain  for  the  Hospital : 

Esteemed  Friends:— \\.  is  but  a  few  days  ago,  that  I  enclosed  a  letter  from 
Neale  &  Bailey,  informing  me,  that  the  impression  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
could  not  be  well  conveyed  to  porcelain.  Since  this  time  another  attempt  has 
been  made,  and  I  think  successfully  :    but  as  I  did   not   fully  comprehend  the 


iiiiiiiitifL'  of  your  orilirs  rispciliiiu   this  dcpartiiicm   ol  it  ;   I    ilid   not    duisr   to 

procet-cl  fiirtlRT  till  I  lii-ar  from  you,  cspi-cially  as  I  had,  l>y  takiiiKoff  inipri-ssions 

of  tlK-  plati-  on  paper  iK-re,  i-xcccdtd  the  pecuniary  limits  you  nave  me.     I  have 

Dr.I.ettsoni  -.    ^^^^^^,  ^^.^^^  ^^^^^_  ^^^^^^_  ,^y  ^^^^,  ^^f  ^^^^.^^„^^.„  .  .„„|  i,„|,t.  ,„  receive  your  coninian<ls,  as 

Correspon-    ^^  ^^^^_  ^|^^.  ^^^j  fijrun.  „f  the  plates,  or  vessels  :     The  dish  now  sent  is  too  small, 

dence  about    ^^  it  will  afford  you  an  opportunity  of  judjiinK  of  the  execution.     I  could  not 

Fiii;ravini;s.     |j.„rn  ixactly  thee.vpense,  liut  the  price  will  not  be  afaiinea  each  vessel:  liow  niucli 

less,  they  could  not  determine,  till  they  heard  fr<mi  their  works  in  Staffordshire. 

Last  ninht  the  Definitive  treaty  of  peace  with  Krance  arrived  here,  to  the  joy 

of  the  people. 

LoNIiiiN,  March  3.'.  i>*o2.  J-  I".  I.kttsi.m. 

Although  no  mention  is  made  in  the  hooks  of  minutes,  of  the 
"  impressions  on  porcelain"  it  is  evident  from  the  tenor  of  Dr.  l.ett- 
som's  letters  that  the  Managers  were  desirioiis  of  having  the  engrav- 
ing of  the  Hospital  transferred,  or  printed,  upon  a  service  of  dishes 
for  the  institution  ;  at  least  they  desired  those  to  be  used  at  tiie  officers' 
table  might  be  thus  decorated. 

Two  more  letters  were  received  from  Dr.  Lettsom,  relating  to 
the  matters  confided  to  his  care  : 

Eslfiiiifd  Friends,  Joaiali  Hewcs,  Saiiitifl  Cualis.  : 

HaviuK  answered  your  letter  of  March,  iSoi.  and  endeavoreil  as  effectually 
and  consistently  as  I  possibly  could,  to  fulfill  your  request.  I  need  only  repeat, 
that  the  impressions  of  the  Diploma  with  a  print  of  the  Medical  Society  here, 
were  duly  forwarded  by  .Mackenzie  and  C.leiiny  ;  and  since,  a  platter  as  specimen 
of  the  Hospital,  in  porcelain. 

Ill  your  letter,  you  mention,  that  y(mr  library  is  ample  and  valuable:  and 
altlio'  I  may  not  render  it  more  valuable,  by  any  performance  of  mine,  I  bej; 
leave  to  enlarge  it  by  the  addition  of  my  ■'Hints"  in  t,  Volumes,  of  which  I 
request  your  acceptance  for  the  Hospital,  the  prosperity  of  which,  will  always 
afforil  pleasure  to  your  frien<l. 

Lo.NDoN,  Se|)tember  24,  1S02. 

Esteemed  Fiieiids.  Josiah  Heu'es  (f  Samuel  Coa/es : 

Your  kind  letter  which  opens  with  a  Truism  that  all  Keneralioiis  have  verified 
"  Tempus  fu^it  "  afforded  me  much  satisfaction;  the  long  continuance  of  your 
silence,  had  I  confess,  impressed  my  mind  with  a  fear,  th.it  I  had  given  some 
offense  to  have  occasioned  it,  which  however,  I  was  totally  incapable  of  ex]>laining, 
as  I  had  paid  that  attention  to  your  refpiests,  w-hich  they  merited,  and  which  I  took 
more  pleasure  in  fulfilling  than  I  should  have  done  by  serving  myself.  Your  letter 
of  Nov.  23,  last,  renders  my  mind  ipiiescent,  and  gratifies  it  with  your  approbation. 

I  now  come  to  a  more  important  part  of  your  letter,  wherein  you  mention 
re-touching  the  copper  engraven  here,  and  transmitted  to  you  in  the  box  with  the 
impressions.  You  a<ld  that  I  may  strike  oil  jrKj  more  impressions,  and  take  care 
of  the  plate,  informing  you  of  its  safe  deposit.  I  have  enquired  of  the  engraver, 
as  well  .IS  the  printer,  who  assures  me  th.it  the  plate,  w.is  placed  at  the  bottom  of 
the  box  over  which  was  a  board  to  ste.idy  it.  and  above  this  the  impressions.  I 
iim  at  a  loss  to  know,  whether  or  not,  you  really  possess  the  plate  or  is  it  yet  at  the 
bottom  of  the  case?  My  suspense  has  caused  me  some  uneasiness,  and  neither 
of  my  young  friends  who  conveyed  me  your  letter  can  clear  up  my  doubts,  which 
1  hope  you  will  do.  I  may  here  repe.at,  that.  I  shall  think  niv  time  well  s|)ent,  in 
devoting  any  portion  of  it  in  your  service. 

326 


TIr-  i(im:liisioii  iif  your  Ifltir  atlurdiil   nu-  siii;;iilar  salisfaclinii,   in   wishing 
that  tile  wicked  machinations  of  an  unprincipled,  and  hardened  fsurper  may  be    i  ..tt^r 
frustrated:  my  letters  from  difi'erent  parts  of  the  American  Continent,  convince    eontainini; 


me  that  the  solid  portion  of  our  trans-Atlantic  Brethren  breathe  the  same  senti- 


mteresting 


ment — particularly  among  my  clerical  correspondents.     Dr.  Morse,  of  Charleston    Historical 

— Dr.  Lathrop,  of  Boston — Dr.  Madison,  bishop  of  Virginia,  and  many  other  great    K^ferences 

and  good  characters  unite  with  yon.     If  England  fall,  despotism  and  barbarism 

will  cloud  the  whole  of  our   hemisphere,  that  is,  the  three  other  quarters  of  the 

globe.     The  prei)arations  of  France  are  immense  but  the  immensity  of  prei>ara- 

tion  and  defence  in   England  are  two  fold.     They  may  have  4000  gun  boats  & 

brigs,  we  have  600,  e<|ual  to  their  number  in  power.     Besides  we  have  nixi  ships 

in  commission,  and  550,000  armed  men  in  England,  inspired  with  the  love  of  their 

country  and   a   Prince  universally  almost   adored.      Every   port   against   ns   is 

blockaded,  and  a  lock  boat  can  scarcely  escape  us.     The  ocean  is  studded  with 

ships,   like  the   firmament   with  stars :     The  enemy   has    indeed    1200    vessels    in 

Boulogne,  from   whence  an  attrmpt  \vill  be  made  to  land  about  Dungeness  :  but 

should  they  get  out  of  their  port,  and  even  land,  they  must  be  destroyed  in  detail 

as  they  have  no  covering  fleet.     Should  they  safely  effect  a  landing  which  would 

require  at  least  two  tides  ;    and  perhaps  a  third  to  suit  our  coast,  we  could  in 

twelve   hours   face  them  with    150,000  troops;    and   in  two  days  2fX),ooo  more. 

Buonaparte  has  pledged  himself  to  attack  England,  but  I  am  persuaded,  that  he 

is  ignorant  of  the  people — their  resources  and  their  loyalty  ;  and  that  it  was  from 

mistaken  notions  that  this  tyrant  pledged  himself      .\s  he  cannot  in  force  get  out 

of  his  own  ports,  and  as  a  large  army  is  often  when  unemployed,  as  dangerous  to 

friends  as  to  enemies,  the  continental  powers  are  in  more  lianger  than  England. 

which  like  a  wasjj's  nest  is  full  of  stings,  which  no  hand  can  enter  without  being 

wounded. 

Our  King  is  nearly  recovered  from  a  return  of  his  former  malady  ;  wliicli  I 
(loul)t  has  been  renewed  from  the  feelings  of  his  mind,  respecting  Hanover,  and 
the  conduct  of  the  prince  of  Wales  ;  probably  who.  not  a  little  agitated  from  the 
manner  in  which  Pitt  deserted  him  and  retired  from  the  Cabinet,  an<l  which  I 
think  has  ultimately  tended  to  the  happiness  of  the  country  :  for  if  the  [iresent 
administration  possess  not  the  elocution  nor  even  the  abilities  of  the  late  ;  they 
possess  integrity  ;  and  moderate  abilities  with  honest  motives,  afford  the  best  and 
safest  policy.  I  believe  the  character  of  no  person  in  this  kingdom  is  less  known 
than  our  king's,  he  certainly  has  a  cluttering  hurried  manner  of  speaking 
English.  But  not  so  the  German  and  French,  for  he  sjjeaks  most  European 
languages  fluently  ;  he  is  likewise  a  good  latin  and  Greek  scholar,  and  is  upon 
scientific  subjects,  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best  informed  man  in  Europe.  His 
domestic  conduct  is  virtuous  and  amiable,  and  his  religion  steady  and  unaffected. 
To  his  inferiors  and  servants,  he  is  kind  and  familiar.  As  an  individual  I  can 
say,  his  condescension  has  been  as  great  as  if  I  w  ere  his  ecpial,  whenever  I  have 
gone  to  court;  and  allowed  me  to  kiss  his  hand  more  than  once  in  a  [ilain  garb 
and  without  powder,  contrary  to  the  etiquette  of  the  court.  A  little  before  his 
illness,  he  rode  near  my  house  at  Grovehill,  and  before  I  recognized  him,  pulled 
off  his  hat  with  as  much  attention  as  if  I  had  been  his  equal.  The  reason  I  did 
not  innnediately  know  him  was  owing  to  his  plain  dress — he  had  a  small  brown 
wig,  a  common  slouched  hat,  and  a  dingy  coloured  plain  green  coat,  with  the 
distinction,  however,  of  a  star  on  the  breast.  The  Duke  of  Cumberland,  and  one 
Equerry  were  all  his  attendants.  This  reminds  me  of  a  saying  of  the  unfortunate 
Brissot's,  who  was  guillotined  afterwards,  "  Look  at  the  king  of  England,  who 
rides  abroad  in  a  chaise  and  a  pair  of  horses  and  two  servants ;  and  yet  greater 
than  Xer.xes  he  can  init  150  ships  of  the  line  into  action  by  the  motion  of  his  finger." 


327 


f(ir  StinlfHts 
Ordinil 


I  Impu  you  will  ixitisi-  this  pnliliial  <li>;rtssiiin  cxiilcd  iiuliid.  Iiy  tin-  sliorl 
bul  iiii|iri-ssivc  inaiinur,  in  wliiih  you  wisliid  for  tin-  ha|i|>iiiess  nf  my  couiUry, 
iiiid  that  of  your  friciul, 

London,  March  21,  1804.  J.  C  Lkttsom. 

Knuravcil  On    February   25,    181 1,   the   lioard  of  Managers  voted  to  have 

CiTtifiiate  "A  view  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  taken,  and  an  l-^ngraving  of 
the  same  with  a  Certificate  for  the  Students  shall  be  prepared  before 
the  next  session  ;  also  thai  a  similar  i)late  be  jirocured  to  be  presented  to 
every  Contributor  of  Ten  I'oundsand  u|iwards."  Whether  or  not  this 
action  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  plate  engraved  by  Cooke,  of  London, 
had  been  lost,  or  become  defective,  or  worn  out,  docs  not  appear. 

At  the  meeting  of  March  25,  181 1,  the  drawing,  or  sketch,  of 
the  south  front  of  the  Hospital,  executed  by  William  Strickland,  was 
"laid  before  the  Board;  and  approved;"  the  committee  having 
charge  of  the  matter  were  instructed  "to  have  the  Engravings 
fmished."  The  price  paid  to  William  Strickland*  "  for  a  drawing  a 
South  West  view  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital"  was  525.  The  bill 
bears  date,  April  i,  181 1. 

For  some  reason  which  does  not  appear  on  the  records  William 
Strickland,  architect,  author  and  artist,  as  well  as  engraver,  was  not 
])erniitted  to  engrave  the  drawing  he  had  made  of  the  Hospital.  We 
find  that  on  .April  29,  181 1, 

TIk'  ("iminiitti-i.'  appoiiincl  ti>  procure  a  \ii\v  or  Urawiuj;  ol'lhr  Pinnsylvaiiia 
llnspital  and  lo  h.ivc  thf  saini-  fngravi'd  in  thu  best  Mannir  Report,  "  Th.at  they 
have  made  a  Contract  with  Mr.  Seymour,  KnKraver,  for  enjiravinn  the  drawing 
and  the  Certificate,  lieretofore  annexed,  for  the  Sum  of  F-our  Hundred  Dollars, 
to  be  executed  in  the  best  style,  the  drawing  lo  be  engraved  by  himself  and  the 
Certificate  by  Mr.  Vallance  ;-  this  sum  to  include  the  Cost  of  the  Copper  and 
every  other  Item  rel.iting  to  the  Completion  of  the  Plate. ' '  The  Drawing  was  placed 
ill  Mr.  Seymour's  hands  the  26th  of  March  last,  but  we  could  not  prevail  on  him 
to  make  any  promise  of  having  the  Engraving  finished  before  the  first  day  of 
December  next  but  he  will  use  his  best  endeavours  to  have  it  done  by  that  time. 

'  William  Stricklanci  was  born  in  rhiladclphia  in  17S7,  studied  archileclure  under  I.alrobe, 
and  became  ihe  most  noled  American  arcbitectof  his  lime.  Hewasalsoautbor  and  engraver; 
niosl  of  his  works  being  in  aqua-linl  method.  Several  landscape  and  battle  pieces  by  this 
artist  arc  were  published  in,  the  "  Portfolio  "  in  1S14,  1S15,  and  1816.  He  died  in  1854,  aged 
sixly-sevcn.  while  engaged  in  superintending  Ihe  construction  of  the  Stale  House  al  Nash- 
ville. Tennessee.  The  1-egisIature  of  Tennessee  voted  that  a  crypt  should  be  prepared  for  his 
remains  in  thai  splendid  edifice  and  there  they  have  since  remained. 

'  John  Vallance  studied  under  John  Trenchard,  a  pupil  of  James  Smitbers,  an  English- 
man, who  had  settled  in  Philadelphia  in  177.1.  and  in  1779  had  engraved  the  blocks  for  printing 
the  Continental  money  John  Vallance  was  in  partnership  with  James  Thackara  Their 
principal  works  were  the  plates  for  Dobson's  "  Encyclopxdia."  X'allance  engraved,  in  1795, 
the  plates  in  the  "  Transactions  of  the  Philosophical  Society."  No  doubt  Mr.  Seymour  had  a 
well  established  reputation  :  this  would  account  for  the  proviso  of  the  work  being  done  by 
himself,  and  not  by  one  of  his  workmen.  To  John  \'allance  was  entrusted  the  letteiing,  this 
being  his  line.  N!r.  Seymour  probably  confined  himself  to  views  and  |>ortraits.  Having  other 
engagements  and  no  doubt  wishing  to  produce  a  fine  piece  of  work,  the  artist  would  not 
allow  himself  to  be  hurried,  and  it  was  impossible  10  execute  the  plate  as  promptly  as  desired 
or  before  the  designated  time. 

3-'8 


The  certificate  for  the  Contributors  is  deferred  till  the  one  in  liand  for  the  Students 
is  finished. 

A  copy  of  this  fine  work  was  neatly  framed  and  presented  to 
Simon  Snyder,  then  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  May  25,  181 2,  and 
one  was  sent  to  Benjamin  West. 

May  27,  181 1,  re-considering  their  determination  of  April  29th, 

to  defer  the  engraving  of  the  plate  for  the  Contributor's  Certificate, 

it  was  decided  to  consider  the  proijrietv  of  employing  John  Exilitis,'    ,,  ^ 

'       '  -  I      -      o  .'  hngravingfor 

formerly  a  patient  in  the  Hospital,  to  do  this  work.  Contributor's 

The  superior  work  done  by  Seymour,  who  had  an  established  Certificate, 
reputation,  would  not  allow  of  association  with  any  poorly  executed 
engraving  for  the  Contributors'  certificate  by  an  obscure  or  com- 
paratively little  known  artist.  Hence,  tlie  wisdom  and  necessity  of 
the  Managers  assuring  themselves  of  the  substitute's  abilities.  That 
these  were  found  satisfactory  is  evident  from  an  entry  made  on  the 
minutes,  June  28,  1813:  "  An  order  was  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  in 
favor  of  John  Exilius  for  One  hundred  Dollars  in  part  payment  of  the 
Engraving  for  the  Contributors  on  which  he  is  employed."  Another 
payment  of  Fifty  dollars  was  made  on  September  27,  1813,  and  a 
further  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  "  on  account  of  the  Engraving  " 
was  paid.  The  Committee  to  superintend  the  engraving  for  the  use 
of  the  Contributors  reported,  June  27,  1814,  its  completion  by  John 
Exilius.  The  sums  recorded  a.s  having  been  paid  to  Exilius  for 
engraving  the  plate,  therefore,  was  $250.  These  particulars  in  regard  to 
the  engravings  of  the  Hospital,  while  of  no  great  historical  imi)ortance, 
may  serve  to  convey  to  those  especially  interested,  an  idea  of  their 
cost,  should  any  copies  be  in  their  possession,  or  seen  elsewhere. 

January  27,  181 2,  the  Committee  on  the  Engraved  plates 
presented  their  final  report  which  was  substantially  as  follows: 

Th.it  there  have  been  struck  oft"  Four  hundred  iS:  fifty  five  Impressions  of  the 
Certificates  and  View  on  the  same  Sheet  and  forty  four  Imjiressions  of  the  Views 
separately  ;  all  of  which  have  been  delivere<l  into  the  possession  of  the  Steward 
together  with  the  two  Plates.  The  Cost  of  Strilcing  off,  Forty  seven  dollars  and 
seventy  Cents,  has  been  paid  by  the  Steward.  And  the  latter  was  instructed  to 
procure  a  bo.N  for  the  copper  plates  and  original  drawing  of  the  Hospital  to  be 
kept  in  the  secretary  in  the  Managers'  room.  A  copy,  on  motion,  was  ordered  to 
be  neatly  framed  and  presented  to  Simon  Snyder.  Clovcrnor  of  Penns\'lvania. 

October  31,  1814,  eighty  impressions  of  Exilius's  engravings  of 
the  Hospital  were  laid  before  the  Board,  when  Edward  Pennington  was 
requested  "to  have  the  whole  number  completed  and  together  with 
the  plate  deposited  in  charge  of  the  Steward."  In  consideration  of 
services  rendered  to  the  Board,  the  President  was  requested  to  present 

'  John  Exilius  drew  landscapes  and  local  views  with  decided  artistic  merit ;  among  the 
more  noted  are  "  A  \'iew  from  Fiat  Rock  Bridge  looking  up  the  Schuylkill  River."  "  Conrad's 
Paper-mill  on  the  Wissahickon,"  "  Egglesfield,  the  seat  of  Richard  Run<ne,"  (18151. 


to  •'  William  N'ickary,  (  mariner;,"  a  framed  im|>ressioii  of  this  engrav- 
ing. Captain  Vickary  commanded  one  of  the  "Packets"  at  that 
time  plying  between  England  and  Philadelphia;  and,  besides  being  a 
Contributor  to  the  Hospital,  he  had  in  his  vocation,  frecpiently  rendered 
valuable  and  unrequited  services.  He  thus  made  it  possible  for  the 
Friends  of  the  Hospital  in  Europe  to  send  in  his  care  books  and 
other  contributions  without  any  expense  and  he  also  conveyed,  for  the 
Managers,  messages  and  other  information,  or  jjrocured  articles  and 
|)erformed  many  other  small  commissions,  which  could  be  better 
tlischarged  in  person  than  by  letter.  It  does  not  appear  that  any 
freight  or  postage  was  charged  by  him  for  anything  carried  to  or  from 
tlie  Hospital.  The  Managers  appreciated  his  kindness  and  good  will, 
and  manifested  their  gratitude  by  this  token  of  their  esteem. 
Uistriiiiitliiii  The  Treasurer  was  requested  "  to  take  charge  of  fifty  copies  of 

i)f  CcTtiti-   Exilius's  engravings  and  distribute  them  to  jiersons  who  are,  or  may 
.',    "    "   become.    Contributors."      Tiie    sitting    Managers    were   desired    to 
and  stiukins   present  "each  of  our  Physicians  with  a  copy  of  the  same  engraving." 
Ci.iitiiMi.il.  The  practice,  thus  early  inaugurated  by  the  Managers,  of  pro- 

viding engraved  certificates  for  students  who  had  followed  the 
prescribed  course  of  service  and  attendance  upon  jiractice  in  the 
House  is  still  continued. 

The  IJoard  of  Managers  in  1S20,  also  ordered  a  plate  engraved 
for  issue  to  Contributors,  certifying  to  their  membershij)  in  the  Corpo- 
ration. This  plate  was  engraved  by  Mr.  W.  E.  Tucker,  and  is  best 
described  by  an  illustration.  The  annual  reports  for  many  years 
have  been  embellished  by  handsome  plate  engravings  of  the  Hospital. 
Some  of  the  illustrations  are  given  in  this  work  of  the  engravings  thus 
annually  sent  out  to  contributors  and  the  public.  In  1894,  the  report 
(if  the  Hospital  for  the  Sick,  contains  a  new  engraving,  showing  the 
north  elevation.  This  beautiful  frontispiece  was  presented  to  the 
Managers  by  one  of  their  own  number,  Mr.  John  S.  Jenks. 
DtlKi-  -^t  ^  meeting  held  June  50,  1794,  it  was  announced  that  (lovernor 

I'aiiitiiiKsaml   Thomas  Mifflin  had  presented  a  picture,  in  oil  colors,  of  an  "  Insane 
scul|)iiiri-.   Woman,"  by  his  daughter,  Emilia  Hopkinson,  and  this  very  creditable 
work  of  art  was  then  received  and  acknowledged  by  a  vote  of  thanks. 
This  painting  now  hangs  on  the  wall  of  one  of  the  Residents'  rooms, 
etc.  Mr,  Joseph   Parker   Norris  presented  a  painting,  also  in  oil,  of 

Doctor  Lloyd  Zachary,  one  of  the  early  Physicians  of  this  institution, 
for  which  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Board. 

.\|>ril  24,  1820,  (Icii.  Tlios.  ('athvalatrtr,  dh  iK-half  ol  John  I'lMiii.  prcsfiUcd 
llirec-  "  proof  prints  "  ;  oik-  of  William  Piiin,  founder  of  Puiuisylvaiiia.  one  of  his 
fattier,  Admiral  I'enn,  and  one  of  the  monumenl  erected  liy  the  said  Jciliii  I'enii. 
to  the  niemorv  of  the  .\dmiral. 


Kiirniture 
Carriages 


In  December,  1871,  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Marshall  presented  a  like- 
ness in  wax,  alto  relievo,  bearing  the  inscription,  "Abraham  Chovet, 
born  May  25,  1704,  drawn  May  25,  1784,  by  his  servant.  Dr. 
Eckhout."  It  had  been  given  by  Dr.  Chovet's  daughter,  Susannah 
Maria  Penelope  Abingdon,  to  Mrs.  Marshall's  grandfather  in  1793. 

November    29,    1802,  John    Penn,   through    his   attorne)-,  John    statue  of 

Reynell  Coates,  offered  to  the  Managers,  for  the  Hospital,  a  portrait   William  [vnn ; 

.   ,,,.,,.  „  .  ,  1-  i       1  •  1     .    Bust  ol  Jolm 

of  William    Penn,  requesting   at    the   same    time    to    know  in  what    ^^^^^^^  J^^ 

position  it  would  be  placed.  John  Dorsey  and  Samuel  Coates  were 
appointed  to  select  an  appropriate  place  for  the  picture  of  the 
distinguished  founder  of  Pennsylvania.  Information  as  to  the 
position  chosen  was  to  be  communicated  to  John  Penn.  Whether 
or  not  a  suitable  place  was  found  is  unrecorded.  The  following  day 
the  committee  reported  that  they  had  sent  to  John  Penn  "a  plan 
of  the  Contributors'  room,"  and  had 
written  him  on  the  subject  of  his  pro- 
posed gift ;  it  is  probable  the  location 
assigned  to  the  picture  was  therein 
designated.  This  picture,  however, 
was  never  presented. 

September  24,  1804,  it  is  recorded 
on    the    minutes    that  "  A    Statue  in 
Lead  of  William  Penn  is  arrived  in  the 
Shi]j   '  Pigou  '    from    London."       No 
letter   accompanied    the  gift  of  John 
Penn,  which  was  accepted    "in   lieu 
of  a  portrait    which   he  had,   at   first, 
proposed   giving    to    the    Hospital." 
There  being  being  no  letter  of  advice 
accompanying  the  statue  one  is  led  to 
wonder    how     the     Managers     knew 
that    the     statue     was    "in    lieu    of 
the    picture,"     or,     indeed,     that    it 
came    from  John   Penn.     Subsecpient 
action,  however,  shows  that  probabl) 
John  Reynell  Coates,  Penn's  attorney, 
had    verbally    conveyed    the 
information.    Joseph  Lownes 
and    Samuel    Coates    "were 
appointed  to  enter  it  at  the 
custom  house  and  see  that  it 
is  brought  to  the  Hospital." 


r"" 


■■' 

AML.LLVM  PtNN 

' 

BOB^             DrnD 

J 

i. 

' 

331 


A  month  later,  Samuel  Coates  was  instructed  (Oct.  29,  1804): 
StaHii-  of  To  write  to  John  IVnn  Esqr.  and  ri-tiirii  him  tlic  thanks  <>(  this  Board  for  tht- 

Pinn     vahialilc  and  very  aci eptalile  present  he  has  Inst  sent  us,  of  a  Statne  of  his  Grand- 
received,    father  William  Henn,  tlie  Founder  of  Pennsylvania. 

Two  ])ositions  were  regarded  as  eligible  for  the  location  of  the 
statue,  and  these  were  referred  to  a  Committee,  for  final  decision. 
The  preferred  sites  were,  first,  in  a  "  N'itch  "  to  be  made  over  the 
Front  Door  on  the  south  side  of  the  centre  building,  or,  second, 
on  a  marble  pedestal  on  the  "  gra.ss-plad  "  before  the  said  door,  as 
they  may  approve,  on  which  pedestal  they  are  to  have  inserted  such 
"  Inscriptions  as  are  approved  by  them,  after  consulting  those  jjersons 
on  whose  judgment  they  may  think  fit  to  rely  on  this  occasion." 

It  afterwards  appears,  in  the  minutes,  that  John  Reynell  Coates, 
John  Penn's  attorney,  had  personally  made  application  for  the  statue, 
and  ))rol)ably  had  privately  informed  the  Managers  of  this  ;  hence,  the 
knowledge  of  its  origin  above  expressed  on  the  receipt  of  the  statue. 
Samuel  Coates  was  expressly  requested  to  return  the  thanks  of  the 
Board  to  him  "  for  the  .\pplication  he  made."  It  is  evident  that  the 
Managers'  proceedings  were  not  marked  by  undue  haste,  for  the  follow- 
ing letter  of  thanks  (ordered  a  month  before),  written  two  months 
after  the  receipt  of  the  statue,  was  read  and  officially  a])i)roved  : 

I'i;n\svi.vxma  Hosim hi.,  26th,  iitli  month,  iSo^. 

JOH.V  PlCNN,   KsyllKK. 

Esleinicd  Friend:— '\\\v  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  have  received 
the  statue  of  William  Penn  by  the  Ship  "  Pinou,"  Capt.  Collet,  from  London,  the 
freiKhl  of  which  was  jjeneronsly  paid  on  thy  account  by  John   Reynell  Coates. 

This  ornament  so  interesting  <S:  apjiropriale  to  the  tniililing  which  bears  the 
venerable  name  of  William  Penn,  is  highly  esteemed  not  only  for  its  fine  e.\ecu- 
tion  Imt  as  a  present  of  one  of  his  immediate  descendants  for  which  the  Managers 
return  their  grateful  .Acknowledgments  and  assure  thee  of  the  Care  they  will  take 
to  provide  for  its  good  preservation. 

Immediately  after  its  arrival  some  younjj  men  of  our  City  who  are  friends  to 
your  family  requested  the  liberty  of  raising  xratuilously  for  this  purpose  a 
pedestal  of  the  white  marble  of  Pennsylvania  to  be  fi.ved  on  the  green  at  the  South 
Front  of  the  Hospital  with  suitable  Inscriptions  to  record  the  birth  of  William 
Penn.  the  Memorable  Era  when  he  founded  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  and 
the  time  of  his  death.  The  offer  so  honouralile  to  then)  ami  agreeable  to  the 
Managers  is  accepted  and  in  a  little  time  the  Statue  will  appear  in  its  place  to 
gratify  the  friends  of  William  Penn  who  frequently  resort  to  the  Hospital  to  see  it. 

On  behalf  of  the  Managers,  We  remain  Thy  assure<l  Friends 

JosiAH  Hkwks,  Presidfiil. 
S.^MCKi.  CoATKs.  Sfcrelaiy. 

The  following  interesting  letter  relating  to  the  j^edestal  received 
by  the  Managers  also  was  found  among  the  old  papers,  although  it  is 
not  mentioned  in  the  minutes: 

"Joseph  Sanson!  respectfully  informs  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  that  he  has  taken  the  liberty  to  withdraw  the  Design  which  he  had 
made,  at  their  request,  for  the  Pedestal  of  the  Statue  of  William  Penn. 


'•  Since  it  met  witli  tlieii  approbation,  it  has  been  so  sliced,  and  slivered,  and 
twisted,  and  turned,  that  little  more  remains  of  the  Original  Idea,  than  of  the 
Beggar's  Coat,  which  had  been  pieced, 
and    patched,  till  its  identity  became 
problematical. 

"The  finishfng  strokes  were 
directed  after  the  Draughts  had  been 
lodged  three  months  with  the  Stone 
Cutter — after  every  block  had  been 
cut  to  the  square — and  without  the 
common  civility  of  consulting  tlie 
Drawer.  " 

Fourth  Montli  loth,  1805. 

This  communication  shows 
that  Mr.  Sansom  was  apparently 
highly  incensed  and  not  without 
reason,  if,  as  he  states,  some 
one  had  taken  the  liberty  of 
materially  altering  his  design 
without  first  consulting  him. 
Whether  the  pedestal  had  been 
completed  before  the  design 
was  withdrawn,  or  not,  cannot 
now  be  ascertained. 


Inscriptions 
on  Scroll  and 
Pedestal. 


CH  AR.TER 

OF  PRIVILEGES  TO 

•      PF-NKSYLVANIA.     MDCC-- 

ALMIGHTY  GOD 

BEING    THE    ONLY 

LORD  orCONSCIEiNCE, 

I  DO  GRANT    AND  DFXL.VRE 

THAt  NO    PERSON 
WHO  SHALL  ACKXOV\LEDGE 

ONE  ALMIGHTY   GOD, 

AND    PROFESS    HI -M  SELF 

,^OEWG£D   TO  H V S    QUIETLY 

'J  N'  tig)  E  R    T  H  E 

CIVIL  GOVERNMENT, 

SIIALL.JIE  IN  ANY  CAS£ 

MOLESTEp'OR       \      .   , 
'■■■      •-  ■■■■-  ,r^  /<''.'^^ 


The  inscriptions  which  were  carved  on  the  sides  of  the  pedestal 
are  as  follows : 

(On  llie  Xorlh  <\Ae.i  (On  the  East  «ide.) 


The  Proprietarv  Arrived 

1682 

Pennsylvania 

made 

Granted  by 

A  Just  and  Amicable  Arrangement 

Charles  U 

Willi  the  Natives 

for  the  Purchase  of  their  Lands 

to 

and 

William  Penn. 

went  hack  to  England 

16S1. 

1684. 

Returned  to  I'emisylvania 

William  IVim. 

1699 

and  Finally  Withdrew 

to 

Born  1644.                     Died  171S, 

His  Parental  Estate 

1701, 

(On  the  South  side  ) 


(On  (he  Wesl  side.) 


333 


August   26,  1805.    IVtcr  Brown,   one  of  the  Managers,  made  a 
Pcnn'sSiatiie  donation   of  a   hill   wliich   he   had   paid,    and   which   was   worded  as 
s,irr,miuk-l    f,,,,^,,,,  . 
I)y  riiaiiis. 

IVltT  Brown  for  ihe  use  of  the  Pi'iiiisylv;iiii.T  Ilospit.'il 

To  Thos.  Wakwick Dr. 

1S05  To  16  Chains  comprisiilK  l.?o  feet S.\o 

May  28        •■    16  Eye  Bolts  «:  32  Swivels .12 

J42 

Receivfil  )i.i\  nurit  ot   I'eter  Brown 

Tlios.  Warwuk. 

The  minutes  explain  that  these  were  "  to  encircle  the  statue  of 
William  Penn  ;  "  and  also  that  the  sum  Manager  Brown  had  paid 
was  presented  to  the  Hospital, 

Which  the  Board  arknowlcdgetl  with  thanks,  and  a  certificate  for  J42.00  as  an 
addition  to  his  former  contribution. 

July  27,  1S12,  thi-  only  time  a  fact  of  the  kind  is  mentioned  in 
the  minutes, 

E(Kv;iril  Fenin);ton  is  ajipointed  a  coniinitlee  to  cause  the  I'edestal  on  wliich 
the  Statne  of  William  Penn  is  erected  to  he  properly  cleansed  and  the  klterinK 
on  the  Scroll  and  Pedestal  renewed. 

This  was  reported  done,  September  25,  iiSi2.  It  is  possible, 
that,  in  after  years,  if  ever  repeated,  it  was  not  considered  of  suffi- 
cient inijjortance  to  mention  upon  the  minutes. 

About  1S50,  during  a  severe  storm,  the  statue  was  blown  over 
and  fell  prostrate.  It  was  found,  upon  examination,  that  the  support 
of  one  foot  had  become  corroded  and  decayed.  In  order  to  restore 
it  to  its  former  position,  it  required  a  high  heel  and  sole,  the  statue 
was  then  securely  placed  ii])on  the  pedestal  again,  and  since  that  time, 
has  remained  there,  facing  Pine  Street  in  the  centre  of  the  lawn  on 
the  south  front  of  the  Hospital.  The  illustration  on  page  239,  shows 
the  jwsition  of  the  Statue  and  also  the  chains,  which  originally  sur- 
rounded it,  but  which  were  removed  some  years  later. 

Curiously  enough,  the  history  of  the  statue  was  cleared  up  by 
the  presentation,  June  29,  1846,  by  Mr.  Daniel  B.  .Smith,  of  Philadel- 
jjhia,  of  an  original  letter,  accidentally  discovered  by  him  in  making 
some  historical  researches.  It  was  a  letter  from  Benjamin  Franklin, 
probably  written  soon  after  he  had  made  a  visit  to  ^.ord  I-e  Despencer, 
in  1775,  where  he  had  seen  the  statue  and  was  so  impressed  by  it  that 
he  expressed  a  wish  for  a  duplicate  to  be  placed  in  the  State  House 
grounds    in    Philadelphia.      Franklin  enclosed  a  jjrinted  copy  of  the 

334 


inscription  on  the  scroll  held  by  Penn,  and  the  original  letter,  with 
the  printed  inscription,  are  now  among  the  archives  of  the  Hosiiital.    I.itter  from 
Lord  Le  Despencer's  successor  was  no  admirer  of  Penn  and  sold  the   P'"''""'^''" 
statue  for  old  metal.     It  subsequently  found  its  way  to  a  junk  shop,    p*^""'"  "'^ 
where  John  Penn  saw  it  and  bought  it  for  presentation  to  the  Hospital,    statue, 
where  it  has  since  stood,  holding  the  charter  of  our   Commonwealth 
in    perpetual    remembrance   of  his    famous    treaty,  which  was    never 
signed  and  never  broken. 

Franklin's  letter  reads  as  follows  : 


,-'C? 


oJC^.  efT  ^/y^-f; 


^^'/^  -2J:r 


■f-/^. 


^ 


-^Vv^^^«-»«V 


335 


Furniture 

bi-lolljiiu);  til 

Win.  Pt-iin. 


A  handsome  carved  chair,  Ibnnerly  owned  by  William  I'cnn,  was 
MuiiiDriiil   presented  to  the  Hospital,  where  it  is  still  cherished  as  one  of  its  most 
interesting  souvenirs  of  the  honored  Proprietary. 

May  7th.  1810. 
■/"<>  ///(•  .yfanagers  of  the  I'rnnayli'anut  t/ospilal  : 

IVrniit  im-  (li-ntlt-nun  t"  ask  your  acccptanci-  uf  an  .Arm  Cliair  of  British  Oak 
which  formerly  heloii);c<l  to  William  Pcilii.  It  was 
part  of  tho  Fiiniitiiri- of  the  Proprietary  Mansion 
House  and  had  reinaine<l  at  Pennslniry  from  the 
year  i6.s,?  untill  the  year  1795  when  it  came  to  my 
possession  soon  after  my  removal  from  Philadel- 
phia to  I'ennsliury  Manor — On  one  side  of  the  larxe 
Room  or  Hall,  there  was  an  Area  elevated  a  few 
steps  above  the  Floor  for  the  convenience  of  givinjj 
.Audience  to  the  Indians,  and  a  traditi<m  of  the 
successive  Tenants  of  the  Farm  says,  that  the 
Chair  of  which  I  now  ask  your  acceptance,  is  the 
same  in  which  the  Honlil.  Proprietor  sat  on  these 
occasions.  Very  Respectfully. 

Hknkv  S,  Dki.nkkk. 

"  .\  Sedan  Chair  and  Chamber  Horse" 

was  presented  April  30,  1793,  for  the  use  of 

patients.     Another  Sedan   chair,  which  had   been   used   by  Franklin 

during  his  life,  was  bequeathed   by  him  to  the  Hospital  and  was  used 

until  finally  broken  and  destroyed. 

Mr.  John  Hulme,  of  Hulmesville,  Fa.,  presented  a  candlestick 
which  had  formerly  belonged  to  the  Proprietary,  with  the  following 
letter  : 

This  is  to  certify  that  this  Candlestick  w.is  bought  at  Pennsbury  Manor  liouse 
at  the  Sale  of  the  ertects  of  William  Penn  remaining  on  those  premises ;  by  Wni. 
Miller  I.ate  of  Falls  Township.  Biickes  County  and  on  the  Marriage  of  his 
flaunhter  Rebecca  with  John  Mulme  (of  said  Township)  becime  his  property. 

.As  a  relic  of  that  dreat  and  (lood  Man,  he  now  by  these  presents  (thro'  the 
hands  of  his  friend  Talbot  Hamiltonl  be^s  the  acceptance  of  said  Candlestick  by 
the  Manat;ers  of  the  Pennsylvania  hospital  in  the  City  of  Phil.adel|)hia  by  them  to 
be  transmitted  to  their  successors  as  a  small  memorial  of  his  esteem  for  said 
pious  &  useful  foundation. 

liiHV    Illl.ME. 

HlLMKsvll.I.K.  Buckes  countv  December  29th  1813. 

The  Managers  duly  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  other  articles 
mentioned  in  the  minutes  : 

(September  29,  178.S1  Thomas  .Affleck  having  presented  for  the  Use  of  the 
liouse  a  Curious  Mahogany  Chair  for  the  e,-isy  removal  of  sick  Patients  Value 
jC\2,  and  a  large  picture  frame  value  /'3,  the  Tre-isurer  is  desired  to  return  him 
the  thanks  of  the  Board  and  to  give  him  a  Certificate  as  a  Contributor  of  fifteen 
pounds. 

(June  30,  1788)  Benjamin  Jacobs,  a  Ltd  about  nineteen  years  of  age. 
having  presented  the  Hospital  a  piece,  representing  the  Good  Samaritan,  of  his 


336 


own  drawin;;,  the  same  in  accepted  and  the  Clerk  is  desired  to  return  him  the 
Thanks  of  tlie  Board  fcjr  his  ingenious  performance,  &  Joseph  Henzey  is  to  place 
it  over  tlie  Charity  box  in  tile  Hall. 

George  Rutter  having  also  presented  a  Very  Curious  painting  of  the  Good 
Samaritan,  done  by  his  Brother-in-law  an  a|>prentice,  Jacob  Whitman,  Aged  about 
nineteen  years,  the  same  is  accepted  with  the  thanks  of  the  Board  and  ordered 
to  be  placed  over  the  Breast  work  in  the  Managers'  room,  and  the  Treasurer  is 
desired  to  give  him  a  Certificate  as  a  Contributor  of  fifteen  Pounds. 

(.•\ugust  25,  1806)  A  Painting  is  presented  by  Redwood  Fisher,  viz.:  "The 
Physicians  Attempting  to  Cure  a  love-Sick  Maid"  in  a  gilt  frame — which  the 
steward  is  ordered  to  put  up  in  the  Tea  Room. 

Carriages  have  been  on  various  occasions  presented  to  the  Hos 
pital.  June  26,  1786,  Thomas  and  Samuel  Miers  presented  a  family 
carriage,  which  was  put  in  good  repair,  and  the  ne.\t  September  was 
sold  for  jQdo,  as  had  been  directed  by  the  donors.  Xoveniber  26, 
1 794,  Samuel  Cooper,  of  Delaware,  bequeathed  a  carriage  and  horses 
for  the  patients'  use,  with  a  fund  for  their  support.  July  29,  181 1, 
a  well-made  carriage  was  presented  by  Robert  Fielding  for  the  use  of 
patients.  The  attending  Managers,  on  August  26th,  were  directed 
"  to  liereafter  mention  the  condition  of  the  carriage  in  their  monthly 
reports. ' ' 

Musical  instruments  have  also   been   presented  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  the  sick  and  insane. 

October  27,  1S28,  Dr.  John  Y.  Clark  i)resented  a  Piano  Forte 
for  the  use  of  the  Insane  Patients  of  this  House. 

November  24,  1828,  Dr.  Washington  pre- 
sented to  the  Institution,  for  the  use  of  the  Insane 
Department,  a  musical  instrument  called  "The 
(irand  Harmonicon." 

In  the  main  hall  of  the  Pine  Street  Hospital,    Dials,  Clocks 
inider  the  west  staircase,  stands  an  eight-day  high  and  other 
case  clock,  which  attracts  the  attention  of  every   M"^">o''ial 

.       ,  .    ,       ,  .    ,  .  Furniture. 

visitor,  and  which  deserves  special  mention  on 
account  of  its  historical  associations.  It  was  con- 
structed by  Mr.  David  Rittenhouse,  of  Xor- 
riton,  about  1780,  and  is  of  a  larger  size  than 
usual,  requiring  winding  only  twelve  times  a  year. 
It  was  deposited  in  the  Hospital,  March  24,  1819, 
by  Miss  Sarah  Zane.  Subsequently,  by  her  will, 
it  was  bequeathed  to  the  institution;  her  death 
occurred  in  1870.  I'he  following  description  is 
supplied  by  Mr.  J.  L.  Gropengiesser,  who  for  a 
long  time  has  had  charge  of  the  clock.  Some 
)ears  ago  he  was  called  upon  to  make  e.xtensive 


337 


repairs,  on  account  of  an  accident  caused  by  tiie  breaking  of  a  cord 

Details  of  and  the  consequent  falling  of  the  weight  upon  the  mechanism,  which 

H IK"  Clock   (iign  occupied  the  lower  part  of  the  case.      He  writes  as  follows: 
Construclidn.  r,,,  , .    ,     ■  ■  ,    j       •  i  ,  ,  , 

The  cl6cK  IS  [provided  with  a  planetarium,  showing  the  motion 

around  the  sun   of  the  heavenly   bodies — Uranus,    Jupiter,    Saturn, 

Mars,  Venus,  and  the  Earth. 

It  has  a  zodiac  circle  telling  the  daily  equation  of  the  sun  and  the 
length  of  the  da\-.     It  shows  the  jjassage  of  the  moon  and  its  equation. 

It  has  two  chiming  bells,  sounding  the  <]uarter  hours,  and  ten 
musical  bells  pla)ing  a  tune  every  hour.  When  the  clock  was  ])ut  in 
order  by  Mr.  Gropengiesser,  he  introduced  a  new  music-barrel, 
jilayir.g  si.\  different  airs,  viz.:  "Old  Folks  at  Home,"  "Home, 
Sweet  Home,"  "  Auld  Lang  Syne,"  "Star  Spangled  lianner," 
"  The  Last  Rose  of  Summer;  "  and  "  Then  You'll  Remember  Me." 
There  is  no  record  telling  what  airs  were  formerly  |)layed  by  this 
instrument.  The  clock  was  originally  made  with  a  "  Cirkell  " 
(circular)  or  "Graham"  escapement,  which  has  no  maintaining 
power,  such  as  now  is  commonly  used  in  these  clocks.  It  also  has  a 
peculiar  system  of  calculating  fractional  numbers,  which  early  in  the 
present  century  was  abandoned  by  clock-makers,  for  a  better  mode  of 
dividing  equal  numbers  by  higher  numbers  of  cogs  in  the  calculation. 
The  clock  has  a  wooden  pendulum,  beating  seconds.  The  dial  is  of 
metal  engraved,  the  numbers  beinL;  in  Roman  characters.  The  u|)per 
central  i)ortion  above  the  dial  exhibits  the  ])laneiarium,  on  the  left 
hand  upper  corner  of  the  dial  is  a  small  dial  giving  the  tonic  position 
of  the  moon,  the  right  ui)per  corner  shows  the  sun  equation,  by  a 
hand  indicating  the  daily  difference  between  the  mean  and  a|)|)arent 
time.  In  the  left  lower  corner  is  an  arrangement  to  control  the 
mechanism  for  striking;  on  the  right  side  is  a  dial  indicating  the 
succession  of  the  six  tunes.  On  the  inner  hour  circle  of  the  dial  is 
the  moon  with  an  es|iecial  visage  of  the  position  of  the  same.  It  also 
shows  the  movement  of  the  earth  independently  of  the  moon. 

When  the  musical  jjortion  of  the  clock  was  renewed  by  Mr. 
Gropengiesser,  new  connections  with  the  |)lanetariiim  were  also 
introduced.  Previously  to  repairing,  it  had  been  only  used  for 
several  years  as  a  silent  timejiiece,  but  since  the  restoration,  the 
chimes  are  now  regularly  heard ;  the  musical  airs,  however,  are 
generally  kept  in  reserve,  in  order  to  obviate  annoyance  by  their 
constant  repetition. 

The  Hospital  clock  was  made  under  the  personal  direction  of 
Rittenhouse,"    and    cost   at    that   time  considerably  more   than   one 

'David  Rittenhouse  was  born  April  8,  1732,  near  Germantown;   died,  Philadelphia, 
June  27, 1796. 

33» 


thousand  dollars,  but   its   intrinsic  value   is  greatly  increased   by  its 
historical  associations  with   the  development   of  the  institution,  of 
which  it  has  been  an  inmate  for  the  greater  part  of  a  century. 
In  the  Hospital  records  mention  is  made  of  other  clocks: 
The  Board  being  informed  by  a  I,etter  Feb.  28,  1764  from  Thomas  Fisher    Clocks  and 
now  in  London  to  his  Father  Joshua  Fisher,  th.tt  Thomas  Wagstafle  of  London  is    Spring  Dials, 
willing  to  present  the  Hospital  with  a  Curious  Spring  Dial  suitable  for  the  Hall 
the  Clerk  is  Desired  to  request  Joshua  Fisher  to  Acquaint  him  that  it  will  be  an 
.Acceptable  present  &  gratefully  received  by  us. 

The  letter  received  in  reply  was  the  following: 

Esteemed  Friends. — The  regard  I  bear  the  Province  of  Pennsilvania,  Respect 
to  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  particular  &  Esteem  for  its  Inhabitants. 

The  Distinguishing  mark  of  the  Favours  I  have  received  from  them  Claim 
my  acknowledgements  and  as  a  small  Token  thereof  Present  them  with  a  Spring 
Dial  for  the  use  of  the  Pennsilvania  Hospital  to  be  fi.ved  up  therein  at  the 
Direction  of  the  Managers. 

In  the  Performance  whereof  I  have  not  so  much  Consulted  Ornament  & 
Elegance  as  real  Usefulness  being  E.xecuted  in  the  best  Planner  for  Keeping 
Time. 

I  request  your  acceptance  thereof  and  am  with  Real  Esteem 

Your  Assured  Fr'd 

Thos.  \Va<;st.\ffk. 

London  the  i6t^  8th  mo.  1764. 

A  Letter  was  produced  &  read  from  Thomas  Wagstaffe  dated  London  the 
i6th  of  the  8th  mo  1764  last  signifying  that  as  a  token  of  his  regard  he  has 
presented  to  this  Hospital,  a  Spring  Dial  which  being  lately  received.  Per  the 
ship  Hannover  Capt.  Falkner,  is  thankfully  received  &  for  the  present  placed 
in  the  Managers'  room  and  James  Pemberton  is  desired  on  behalf  of  this  Board 
to  acknowledge  our  grateful  acceptance  of  this  donation  &  to  send  him  a 
Certificate  under  the  Seal  of  the  Corporation  of  his  becoming  a  Contributor. 
Also  to  get  a  Certificate  for  Elias  Bland  in  consideration  of  his  kind  present  of 
the  fire  Engine  Sometime  Since  presented  by  him  and  received. 

This  timepiece  is  circular,  81  inches  in  circumference.  It  still 
keeps  fairly  correct  time  and  is  continued  in  usej  it  hangs  on  the 
wall  of  the  Women's  Surgical  Ward,  on  the  landing,  going  to  the 
second  floor. 

Other  clocks  have  been  at  various  times  presented,  but  no  special 
note  appears  to  have  been  made  by  the  Managers  in  their  minutes. 
The  local  disposition  of  the  timepieces  is  indicated  in  the  following : 

On  July  30,  1810  the  Committee  for  repairing  the  Clocks  and  procuring  a  new 
one  report  they  are  finished  ;  the  old  Clocks  are  placed  in  the  East  and  West 
Halls  and  the  new  One  in  the  Manager's  Room. 

John  Penn,  Esqr.,  of  London,  on  June  28,  1811,  presented,  through  his  attor- 
ney, John  Reynell  Coates,  his  Bust.  Through  the  same  channel  the  "  acceptable 
present  "  was  acknowledged  and  thanks  of  the  Board  returned. 

James  Traquair,  a  stone-cutter  who  had  some  taste  in  sculpture, 
produced    a    bust   of    William    Penn.    in    white   marble,    which    he 

339 


Bust  of 

Win.  Pcnn 

by  native 

Sculptor. 


presented  to  the  Hospital,  and  which  was  duly  acknowledged  at  the 
meeting  of  July  26,  1802.  The  incident  is  worthy  of  more  than 
passing  mention.  Among  the  old  letters,  two  were  found  from  this 
original  individual  which  may  he  well  reproduced  here: 

I'HILADELI'lllA,  July   15,  lSo2. 
(jfiilltnun. — Wisliinj;  to  si'i'  my  |)ror<.ssu)n  advance-  in  iniprovtMni'm,  I  have 
turnt'd  part  of  my  attention  to  the  liner  l>ranches  of  it ;  As  a  specimen,  I  present 
you  witli  a  Inist  of  the  venerable  William   I'enn.      It  is  of  Pennsylvania  Marble 
an<l  I  believe  the  first  cut  in  tile  I'niteil  States. 

I  am  with  sincere  respect,  yours, 

Jamks  Tk.ai.xaik. 
P.  S. — If  you  think  it  deserving  of  a  Corner  in  the  Penn.sylvania  Hospital, — 
let  me  know  and  I  will  li.\  it  up  for  you.  J.  T. 

Wishing  to  have  his  letter  as  presentable  as  possible,  he  evidently 
employed  some  one  to  write  the  missive,  but  signed  it  personally.    The 

next  one  lir  nnqucstionatilv  wrutu  himself: 


Nf  ain  Hall  of  Female  Department  for  the  Insane. 


Phii.ada.  July  26th,  1S02. 
Dear  Sir. — as  you  wished  So  I  have  perfurnied  the  Bust  is  fixed — But  What    Original 
Will  the  Board  think  of  me  first  to  ask  Leve  to  put  it  up,  and  to  have  that  done    Letter  from 
before  Leve  is  granted,  if  you  do  not  take  it  upon  your  own  Shoulders  you  will    j(,e  Sculptor, 
hurt  the  pride  of  a  Scotch  Man 

I  am  Sir  with  Sincear  Respect  your  frind 

James  Traql'AIR. 

"  The  pride  of  a  Scotchman  "  was  not  to  be  "  hurt,"  for,  in  the 
minutes  made  on  the  day  the  second  letter  \vas  \vritten  and  received 
(July  26,  1802),  it  is  recorded  : 

An  elegant  Bust  of  William  Penn,  Proprietor  of  Pennsylvania,  supported  on 
a  Column  of  Marble  of  our  own  Country,  is  presented  this  day  by  James  Traquair, 
supposed  to  be  the  first  that  was  ever  made  in  the  U.  States;  for  this  valuable 
present  the  Secretary  is  desired  to  return  the  thanks  of  the  Board  to  James 
Traquair  and  in  Consideration  thereof  the  Treasurer  is  desired  to  issue  a  Cer- 
tificate to  make  him  a  Contributor  to  the  Institution  under  the  Seal  of  the 
Corporation. 

John  Dorsey  was  desired  to  get  the  following  inscription  put  upon 
the  plinth,  viz.  :  "  This  Bust  of  William  Penn  was  presented  by  James 
Traquair,  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  anno  1802." 

Again,  eight  years  afterwards,  (June  25,  1810),  we  find  it  recorded 
on  the  minutes,  that 

James  Traquair  having  finished  a  Valuable  and  Elegant  Bust  of  General 
Washington  on  a  Pedestal  &  Pillar,  of  Pennsylvania  Marble,  which  he  means  to 
present  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  desires  to  know  what  inscription  he  shall 
insert  thereon.  On  considering  the  Subject  it  is  agreed  that  he  inscribe  on  it  the 
Following  Words,  Viz  :  "  This  Bust  of  Washington  w.is  presented  by  James 
Traquair,  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  .^nno  1810.'' 

Traquair  felt  highly  honored  by  the  reception  of  his  first  bust, 
presented  in  1802,  and  took  great  pleasure  in  the  attention  bestowed 
on  him  ;  so  that  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  soon  tendered  a  second 
bust  to  the  Managers.  Another  fact  which  served  to  still  further 
arouse  his  ])ride  and  feeling  of  self  importance  we  find  in  the  words 
following  the  above  minute  :  ' '  The  Managers  attended  James  Traquair  * 
to  the  Contributors'  Room  and  fixed  with  him  the  places  where  he 
should  put  the  Busts  of  Penn  and  Washington."  The  mere  fact  of 
the  Managers  formally  adjourning  to  accompany  him  to  the  room  in 
which  the  busts  were  to  be  placed,  and  conferring  with  him  in  regard 
to  location,  and  no  doubt  very  deferentially  consulting  him  as  to  the 
most  suitable  position  for  them,  must  certainly  have  been  most  flatter- 
ing to  his  pride  and  made  him  feel  himself  the  lion  of  the  occasion. 
After  placing  the  sculptures  in  position,  a  vote  of  thanks  was  unani- 
mously tendered  to  Mr.  Traquair  by  the  Board. 

These  busts  now  occupy  a  prominent  position  in  the  hall  of  the 
Female  Department  for  the  Insane.     (See  opposite  page.) 

.^41 


Porlrail  iif  Al  a  iiic'i'liiiK  nl'a  luiiiilnr  ul' tlic  CuiitrilniUirs  tn  llii-   IViiiisylvaiiia  Ilospilal, 

Samuel    lielil   the  third   ilay   (if  the   fifth   motith   1813,  it  having  hei-ii  stateil,  that  Thomas 

Coatus.    Sully  hail  |>ri-si'iiti-(l  to  thu  Institution  a  liki-niss  of  Samuel  Coati-s,  President  of 

Presented    the   Board  of  Managers,  the  following   Resolutions   hein^   moved   and  seconded 

by  Svdly.    were  unanimously  adopted  : 

1st.  /["fio/ft-rf  that  the  thanks  of  this  meeting  lie  connnunicated  to  Thomas 
Sully  for  his  valuable  present  of  a  likeness  of  Samuel  Coates,  President  of  the 
Board  of  Managers. 

and.  Resolved  that  the  Managers  of  the  Institution  do  present  to  Thomas 
Sully,  a  Certificate,  as  a  Contribution  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

3d.   /Prto/r'frrf  that  the  President  of  the  nieetiuK,   be  authorized   to  ronnnuni- 
cate  the  Resolutions  to  Thomas  Sully  and  the  Hoard  of  Managers. 
By  order  of  the  Meeting. 

Zacchkis  Collins,  Chairman. 
Rkdwoou  FlSHKR,  Secretary. 
Pknnsvi.v.wi.v  Hosi'ir.KL,  5th  Mo.  13,  1813. 

The  following  letter  was  received  and  read,  5th  month  31st,  1813  : 

"To  the  Managers  of  llic  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

f /<■«//(■»;<■«.— Feeling  very  sensibly  the  loss  of  our  deceased  Professor 
Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  and  sympathising  with  ymi  on  account  of  the  loss  your 
Institution  has  sustained,  our  minds  have  been  excited  to  a  Spirit  of  Commemora- 
tion an<l  we  respectfully  suggest  for  your  Consideration  the  propriety  of  having  a 
full  length  portrait  taken  from  a  family  likeness  for  your  Institution,  the  e.xpense 
of  which  to  be  defrayed  out  of  the  Medical  fund. 

With  much  Respect,  We  are.  Yours  &c. 

(SlONEI)  DV  TWKNTV-NINK  STI'DENTS.)  " 

Portrait  of  Whereupon  it  uas  Resolved.  That  Edward  Penington  and  Reeve  Lewis  be  a 

Benj.  Rush.  Committee  to  communicate  the  same  to  the  Physicians  of  the  house  and  to  inform 
them  that  if  the  proposal  be  assented  to  by  them.  Measures  will  be  taken  to  have 
the  Picture  executed.     The  following  connnunication  was  read  ; 

"  The  Subscribers,  Physicians  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  approve  of  apply- 
ing to  Thomas  Sully  to  draw  at  full  length,  a  portrait  of  the  late  Dr.  Rush,  to  be 
<lei)ositcd  in  the  Hospital,  and  of  charging  the  expense  of  it  to  the  Medical  fund. 
(Signed)     P.  S.  PiivsicK.  John  Svni;  Dorsey. 

Thomas  C.J.^MKS.         Joseph  Hartshorne." 
John  C.  Otto. 
J  rtli  M'>-  26th.,  1813. 

Whereupon  Edward  Penington  and  Reeve  Lewis  were  appointed  to  employ 
Thomas  Sully  to  execute  the  portrait. 

The  painting  now  occupies  a  commanding  |)osition  at  the  side  of 
the  door  of  the  Library,  on  the  second  floor  of  the  Centre  building 
of  the  Pine  Street  Hospital ;  the  life-size  portrait  of  Manager  Samuel 
Coates  occupying  a  similar  ]iosition  to  the  left  side  of  tlie  door. 

William  R.  Cla])p,  son  of  Allen  Clapp,  a  steward  of  the  Hospital, 
was  appointed  clerk  and  librarian  December  28,  1840,  and  he  served 
acceptably  until  March  26,  1849,  when  he  resigned. 

He  was  much  interested  in  the  Hospital,  and  after  leaving  it,  he 
presented,  June  28,  1857,  a  finely  executed  copy  of  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence's  celebrated    oil    painting  of  Sir   Astley  Cooper,   the  dis- 

342 


tinguished  surgeon,  which  has  since  adorned  the  hall  of  the  Hospital. 

The  Board  accepted  the  gift  with  a  vote  of  thanks  (June  29,  1857),    sir  Astley 

and  made  Mr.  Clapp  a  contributor.  Cooper. 

A  bust  of  the  late  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  e.xecuted  in  plaster  by 
William  Rush,  carver,  was  presented  October  25,  1813,  by  Joseph  S. 
Coates,  and  one  executed  in  like  manner,  and  by  the  same  artist,  of 
Doctor  Philip  S.  Physick,  was  presented  by  John  R.  Coates.  The 
Secretary  was  requested  to  return  the  thanks  of  the  Board  to  the  respec- 
tive donors. 

On  February  23,  1818,  Zaccheus  Collins  presented  a  bust  of 
Doctor  Caspar  Wistar,  for  which  the  Board  thanked  him,  and  directed 
that  it  be  placed  in  the  library. 

The  jjrincipal  Works  of  Art  owned  by  the  Managers  and  deposi-  \\orks  ot  Art 
ted  in  the  Pine  Street  Hospital  are:  belonging  to 

tlie  Hospital. 

P.4I.NTINGS:  Christ  Healing  the  Sick. 

Portraits;  Lloyd  Zachary  ;  Samuel  Coates;  Benj.  Rush,  M.  D.  ;  George  B. 
Wood,  M.  D. ;  Joseph  C.  Turnpenny  ;  James  H.  Hutchinson,  M.  D.  ;  William 
Biddle ;  Wistar  Morris ;  Jacob  P.  Jones ;  Sir  Astley  Paston  Cooper ;  William 
Gunn  Malin. 

Crayons  :  James  Hutchinson  ;  Alexander  Derbyshire  ;  John  ('onrad.  .\lso 
the  Fothergill  Crayons,  and  other  miscellaneous  pictures  and  diagrams,  deposited 
in  the  Museum. 

The  following  works  of  art  belonging  to  the  Hospital  adorn  the 

walls  of  the  Insane  Department. 

Contributed  by  Jacob  G.  Morris:  "  Penn's  Treaty  with  the  Indians,"  by 
Witman  from  West's  Painting;  "Views  on  the  Grand  Canal,  Venice,"  after 
Canaletto;  "  Views  of  Naples";  "Madonna,"  after  Corregio ;  "Magdalen," 
after  Titian;  "The  Fornarina,"  after  Raphael;  "Charity,"  after  Shidone ; 
"  Moonlight  Scene,"  an  original  by  Challi. 

James  B.  Ord,  Oil  Painting,  52  .\  42  inches,  executed  by  himself. 

John  Farnum,  Oil  Painting. 

Abraham  Miller,  Oil  Painting. 

Marble  bust  of  George  Washington. 

Marble  bust  of  William  Penn. 

Oil  Painting,  Fruit  Piece. 

Oil  Painting  of  John  Wright. 

Portrait  of  George  Ord  by  his  son. 

John  Livezey,  Oil  Portrait. 

Water-Color  of  Hampton  Court,  presented  liy  Mr.  A.},  .\ntelo. 

Five  Water-Color  Paintings,  presented  by  Mr.  John  \'.  lluber. 

Two  Oil  Paintings  from  Mrs.  Juliana  R.  Wood. 

Study  in  Oil,  by  Benjamin  West,  presented  by  Thomas  Rogers  Merchant. 

Storm  at  Sea,  by  Benjamin  West,  presented  by  Thomas  Rogers  Merchant. 

Portrait  of  Dr.  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  by  S.  B.  Waugh. 

Portrait  of  Joseph  Fislu-r. 

34,5 


Crayon  of  Mary  Sliiilds, 

Photograph  portraits  of  WilMain  Wtls'i,  John  Wi-lsli,  and  Sannit-l  Wilsh. 

Photographs  of  Managers :  Mor<leiai  L.  Dawson,  James  R.  Greeves.  William 
Biddle,  Frederick  Brown,  Jacob  1*.  Jones,  Alexander  Derbyshire.  John  J.  Thomp- 
son, and  S.  Morris  Wain. 


.•?44 


■N;(mr-,.„    _jt 


THE   LIBRARY    AND   THE    PATHOLOGICAL    MUSEUM. 

Incidental  reference  has  more  than  once  been  made  in  the  fore- 
going pages  to  the  Medical  Library  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
From  what  is  known  of  Franklin's  projects  and  associations  for  the 
"promotion  of  useful  knowledge  among  the  British  Plantations  in 
North  America,"  and  the  able  and  active  assistance  afforded,  in 
furthering  his  ideas,  by  the  brothers,  Thomas  and  Phineas  Bond  (who 
were  prominent  members  of  his  famous  Junto),  it  is  only  natural  to 
suppose  that  the  Hospital,  which  they  were  foremost  in  establishing, 
would  sooner  or  later  be  brought,  in  some  manner,  to  contribute  to 
the  cause  of  education  and  the  advancement  of  medical  science. 
With  the  Bonds  on  the  Medical  Staff,  and  Franklin  as  Secretary. 
afterwards  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  also  Secretarv  of  ,   ' 

^  -  Interest  in 

the  Provincial  Assembly,  a  library  of  reference  would  seem  a  natural   {1,^,  Hospital 

sequence.    In  his  ofificial  positions,  Franklin  could,  and  doubtless  did,    and  Library. 

improve  many  opportunities  of  soliciting  donations  of  books,  both 

directly  and  by  suggestion,   especially  after  the  library  had  actually 

come  into  existence.     The  first  intimation,  however,  which  is  to  be 

found  upon  the  minutes,  of  anything  of  this  kind,  and  which  provided 

the  nucleus  around  which  the  idea  of  a  medical  library  subsequentl)- 

took   shape,  appears    to    have   come    from    Dr.  John    Fothergill,   of 

London,  who  for  many  years  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Hos])ital. 

Probably  his   personal    interest   was   at  first    aroused    principally  on 

account  of  his  acquaintance  with   Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr..  during 

the  visit  of  the  latter  to  England  ;  the  elder  Dr.  Shippen  being  at 

that  time  one  of  the  Managers  of  the  new  institution. 

The  first  suggestion  of  the  future  medical  library  on  the  minutes 
occurs  in  a  communication  to  the  Board  of  Managers  accompanying 

345 


the  present  of  a  l)Ook  from  Dr.  Fothergill,  as  just  stated.     It  appears 
Kirst   in  the  account  of  a  meeting  held  July  27,  1762,  and  reads  as  follows: 

Presentation 
of  IkxiIc  to  Willi.im  Log.an  lately  returned  from  London  attended  the  Board  with  a  Book 

the  I  ibrirv  entitled  "An  Experimental  History  of  the  Materia  Medica  by  \Vm.  Lewis, 
F.  R.  S.,"  lately  published  in  London,  being  a  present  to  this  Hospital  by 
Doc'r  John  FotherRill  for  the  Benefitt  of  the  Young  Students  in  Physic  who  may 
attend  under  the  Direction  of  the  Physicians,  which  is  kindly  accepted  by  the 
Managers  as  an  additional  Mark  of  the  Doctor's  benevolent  Regard  to  this 
Institution,  and  W'm.  Logan  is  requested  to  acepiaint  him  willi  our  grateful 
Acceptance  thereof. 

The  idea  of  establishing  a  complete  library  of  works  of  reference 
for  the  young  students  in  physics  and  likewise  for  the  use  of  their 
preceptors,  however,  originated  with  the  physicians  of  the  Hospital. 
In  fact  the  library  received  its  first  great  impulse  from  the  medical 
staff  of  the  institution,  under  circumstances,  which  will  be  referred 
to  somewhat  in  detail,  in  the  subsequent  section. 

In  May,  1763,  the  Medical  Staff  informed  the  Managers  that 

As  the  Custom  of  most  of  the  Hospitals  in  Great  Britain  has  given  such 
gratuities  from  those  students  wlio  attend  the  wards  of  the  Hospital  to  the  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  attending  them,  we  think  it  properly  belongs  to  us  to  appro- 
priate the  Money  arising  from  thence.  .'\nd  we  propose  to  apply  it  to  the  foun<ling 
of  a  Medical  Library  in  the  Hospital  which  we  ju<lge  will  tend  greatly  to  the 
Advantage  of  the  Pupils  &  the  honor  of  the  Institution. 

This  proposal  of  the  Medical  Staff  was  adopted  by  the  Managers 
and  from  this  time  forward  the  ])ermanence  of  the  Medical  Library 
was  assured.  Indeed,  the  fees  from  the  students  supplied  more  than 
sufficient  funds  to  establish  and  maintain  the  growing  collection  of 
medical  and  scientific  works,  which  afterwards  for  many  years  was 
the  most  considerable  and  important  in  the  country.  In  addition  to 
the  above  source  of  income,  which  was  known  as  the  "  Medical 
Fund,"  many  donations  and  bequests  of  books  from  friends  to  the 
institution  materially  assisted  in  increasing  the  stock  of  books, 
among  which  were  many  which  were  both  rare  and  valuable.  The 
first  acquisition  of  this  kind  has  been  referred  to ;  this,  several  years 
later,  was  followed  by  a  second  from  the  same  donor,  whose  gift  has 
already  been  mentioned.     On  October  29,  1770, 

The  Treasurer  now  brought  to  the  Board  a  Treatise  on  the  Materia  Medica  in 
two  volumes  quarto,  Kntitled  Lectures  on  the  Materia  Medica  Containing  the 
Natural  History  of  Drugs  their  Values  and  Doses  &c  |)ublished  from  the  Manu- 
script of  the  Kite  Dr.  Charles  Alston  professor  of  Botany  &c  in  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  by  John  Hope  professor  of  Medicine  and  Botany  in  th.it  University, 
transmitted  by  our  friend  Benjamin  Franklin  at  the  request  of  our  worthy  bene- 
factor Dr.  John  Fothergill  .is  a  present  from  him  which  is  gratefully  accepted  and 
directed  to  be  deposited  in  the  Medical  Libr.iry, 

346 


The  library  of  Dr.  Lloyd  Zaclxary,  (a  member  of  tiie  first  medical 
staff    of    the    Hospital),   consisting    of    forty-three    volumes,    and    a   Library  of 
number   of    pamphlets,    was    presented    to    the    institution    by    his   P""'  •''">'' 
Executors,  Hugh  Roberts  and  Samuel  Neave,  with  the  consent  of  the      '     "  .    ■ 
residuary  legatees,  "towards  founding  a  Medical  Library."      These 
books  were  received  on  the  9th  of  January,  1767,  and  a  week  later, 
on  tlie  17th,  we  find  also  that 

The  Medical  Books  of  tlie  Library  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Morris,  dec'd,  being 
presented  by  his  sister  Deborah  Morris  towards  tile  same  purpose  consisting  of 
55  volumes,  were  brought  to  the  Lil>rary. 

The  latter  were  principally  standard  medical  works,  collected  by 
Dr.  Morris  during  his  attendance  upon  the  University  of  Leyden. 
Mr.  Wm.  Strahan  of  London,  England,  in  1774,  made  a  donation  of 
books  to  the  value  of  one  hundred  pounds.  This  gift  was  jjerhaps 
prompted  by  the  following  letter  to  Mr.  Strahan,  which  the  Com- 
mittee to  procure  books  for  the  medical  library  laid  before  the  Board, 
July  25,  1774,  the  list  of  needed  books  having  been  com])iled  with 
the  assistence  of  the  medical  staff. 

Phil.\.,  4th  Mo.,  1774. 
Respected  Friend. — The  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  having 
deputed  us  to  procure  some  books  for  the  Medical  Library,  as  we  apprehend  thou 
canst  supply  us  in  the  most  advantageous  Terms  we  herewith  send  thee  a  List  of 
them  desiring  thee  to  prepare  and  ship  them  by  the  first  Vessel  coming  to  this 
Port  that  they  may  be  here  Vjefore  the  winter.  This  we  are  very  desirious  of  as 
the  young  Students  who  from  the  neighboring  Provinces  attend  the  Lectures  of 
the  several  professors  in  our  Medical  School  may  then  have  the  benefit  of  reading 
them  a  year  sooner  than  they  can  if  they  should  not  arrive  before  next  Spring  ; 
for  the  Cost  of  them  we  will  send  thee  a  timely  Remittance.  When  any  new 
Books  or  Essays  on  any  branch  of  Medicine  appear  we  shall  be  gla<l  to  have 
Copies  of  such  of  them  sent  as  are  of  small  Cost  and  an  acc't  of  such  as  are  more 
costly  than  if  we  judge  them  necessarj-  we  may  send  fur  them. 

The  desired  medical  books  arrived  the  following  December. 

In  1790,  the  Managers  opened  correspondence  with  the  celebrated 
Dr.  John  Coakley  Lettsom,  in  London,  requesting  and  authorizing 
him  to  select  and  purchase  medical  works  for  the  Library.  This 
confidence  was  not  misplaced.  Dr.  Lettsom  was  a  firm  friend  to  the 
institution  during  his  life,  and  the  library  is  indebted  to  him,  not 
only  for  the  judicious  manner  in  which  he  discharged  this  trust,  but 
also  for  many  presents  of  books  which  greatly  increased  the  value  of 
the  collection.     (Dr.  Lettsom's  portrait  appears  on  page  323  ante.') 

Some  individual  donations  are  of  sufficient  interest  to  deserve 
mention.  Dr.  Fothergill's  have  been  acknowledged.  On  March  31, 
iSoo,  the  Board  returned  thanks  to  Dr.  William  Currie  for  a  present 
of  two  copies  each  of  his  "  Memoirs  on  Yellow  Fever  in  1798,"  and 

347 


"A  Sketch  of  the  Yellow  Fever  in  1799."  On  August  31,  1801,  Dr. 
Various  Mease  presented  a  pamphlet  "  On  the  disease  i)roduced  hy  the  bite  of 
iMMiks  a  n,a(j  dog;"  also  his  inaugural  dissertation  on  the  same  subject. 
September  27,  1802,  Dr.  John  Redman  presented  his  "Practical 
Observations  on  Vaccination  or  Inoculation  for  the  Co\v|iox."  Dr. 
John  Redman  Coxe,  editor,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Dobson,  printer,  each 
presented  a  copy  of  the  "  American  Dispensatory,"  which  had  just 
been  published.  The  library  of  Dr.  Benjamin  S.  Barton,  deceased, 
was  i)urchased  for  $2770,  from  his  widow,  Mary  Barton,  as  we  learn 
from  a  minute  of  May  12,  17S7.  It  consisted  principally  of  rare 
works  on  Natural  History. 

A  valuable  i)resent  of  books  was  received  in  the  year  1800,  from 
Sarah  Zane,  a  wealthy  maiden  lady,  who  inherited  an  extensive  library, 
the  medical  portion  of  which  she  bestowed  upon  the  Hospital.  This 
donation  comprised  twenty-three  folios,  ninety-one  quartos,  six 
octavos  and  twenty-two  duodecimos,  in  all  one  hundred  and  forty- 
two  volumes,  some  of  which  were  rare.  They  formed  an  acquisi- 
tion of  undoubted  value  to  the  already  respectable  collection  of  books 
in  the  possession  of  the  Hospital. 
Place  of  'he'  original  place  of  dejjosit  chosen  for  the  Medical  I-ibrarywas, 

Deposit  of  naturally,  the  meeting-room  of  the  Managers,  and,  at  first,  and  as 
long  as  the  number  of  hooks  was  not  too  great  to  furnish  the  room 
appropriately,  this  was  the  most  convenient  arrangement.  April  27, 
1767,  it  is  recorded  on  the  minutes  that  "Samuel  Wetherill  paid  for 
building  the  book-case  in  the  Managers'  room,  _^5  o.  2ji."  This 
was  in  the  east  wing  of  the  Hos|)ital  buildings,  as  the  Centre  had  not 
not  yet  been  finished.     It  was  subsequently  October  28,  1799, 

.\Kreed  thai  the  hiiildinn  Committee  proceed  to  finish  either  of  the  front 
rooms  on  the  first  floor  of  tlie  Centre  House  at  their  own  Election,  for  the 
Managers  to  meet  in,  at  the  E.\pcnse  of  the  general  fund  for  building  the  new 
house  ^:c.  and  that  they  finish  and  furnish  it  in  such  manner  as  they  approve 
most  likely  to  answer  the  purpose  intended  ;  the  same  room  is  to  receive  the  books 
of  the  Medical  Library,  the  furniture  of  the  Library  to  be  paid  for  out  of  the 
Medical  Fund. 

(July  28,  1800),  A  balance  being  now  on  hand  due  to  the  Medical  Fund  of  one 
thousand  and  ninety-four  dollars  and  62  cents,  the  Board  agree  as  there  « ill  not 
be  room  in  the  four  cases  that  are  made  to  contain  the  books  that  the  wlKjle  room 
be  finished  agreeably  to  the  plan  oft'ered  by  the  building  Committee  without 
delay  and  as  soon  as  it  is  finished  the  Managers  will  move  into  the  New  Room  ol 
the  Centre  House. 

Removal  of  ^"   Novemiier  24,  1800,  the  T,ibrary  was  removed  into  the  new 

Library  to   room  and,  at  the  next  meeting  (December  29th),  an  order  was  drawn 

Centre  on  the  Treasurer  for  J1500,  "  of  which  §tooo  is  to  be  charged  to  the 

Building.   Medical  Fund  and  S500  to  the  general  fund  of  the  Hospital."     After 

348 


the  Books  in 
East  \\  ing 


tlie  Centre  building  was  opened,  it  was  considered  expedient  and 
desirable  that  other  rooms  should  be  made  ready  for  occupancy,  so 
we  find  on  February  23,  1801,  that  the  Board  agreed : 

To  fit  up  the  adjoining  room  for  the  drug  department,  the  Expense  of 
finishing  and  furnishing  the  Apothecary  shop,  in  the  South-East  room  of  the 
Centre  Ijuilding,  to  be  defrayed  by  the  Medical  Fund  and  the  proceeds  of 
lectures  to  be  given  Ijy  Dr.  Physick  to  be  appropriated  for  tlie  same  purpose. 

As   the  attendance  of  students  upon  the  lectures  continued  to 
increase,  additional  clinical  room  was  demanded,  and,  January  3, 
1803,  the    physicians    recommended    the    finishing  of  the    circular, 
lecture  room  and  two  private  rooms  adjoining  it,  towards  completing 
which  they  agree  that  S300  per  annum  should  be  appropriated  for  the 
next  four  or  five  years  out  of  the  Medical  Fund.     This  suggestion,  or 
proposition,  was  accepted,  and  the  Building  Committee  reported,  at  a   Circuhir 
subsequent  meeting  (February  27,  1804),  that  "the  3rd  floor  circular   roq,,, 
room  had  been  finished  some  time  and  Lectures  have  been  given  and   finished. 
one  operation  performed  therein." 

This  is  of  interest  in  this  connection,  for  it  was  found  necessary 
some  years  later  to  place  additional  book-cases  around  the  wall  of  the 
general  office  to  accommodate  the  constantly  increasing  accumulation 
of  books.  October  26,  1807,  the  long  room  on  the  second  floor  in 
the  Centre  building  was  fitted  up  as  a  library  and  used  for  this 
purpose  until  February,  1824,  when  it  was  resolved  that  the 

Library  Committee  are  instructed  to  remove  the  Book  Cases  from  tlic  room 
on  tile  second  story  so  as  to  appropriate  that  cliamber  to  tlie  use  of  the  Lying  In 
Deijartment. 

This  was  reported  as  having  been  carried  out,  at  the  next  meeting 
(March  29th),  but  it  does  not  appear  where  the  book-cases  had  been 
removed  to,  unless  it  be  taken  for  granted  that  the  rooms  on  the  first 
floor  already  mentioned,  were  utilized  for  this  jjurpose.  August  30th 
of  the  same  year,  it  is  noted,  however,  that  the 

Apartment  in  which  the  Library  is  placed  requiring  some  repairs  the  Com- 
mittee on  Economy  are  directed  to  have  them  effected  and  to  erect  a  marble 
Mantel  over  the  Fire  Place. 

When  the   L)  ing-in  Ward   was  transferred  to  the  Picture  House,    '-''"-"y 
in   1835,  the  cases  were  returned  to  their  former    position,  and  the  ^]  ' 
books  have  not  since  been  disturbed.  Building. 

At  the  present  time,  the  Library  is  deposited  in  its  old  place,  which 
is  also  used  by  the  Managers  as  their  meeting-room,  on  the  second 
floor  of  the  Centre  building.  When  the  clinical  amphitheatre  was  built, 
in  1 868,  the  old  lecture-room  at  the  top  of  the  Centre  building  was  con- 
verted into  a  dining-room  for  nvirses.  the  walls  being  lined  with  cases, 

349 


in  which  were  placed  many  of  tlie  ohler  and  less  used  books.     Some 
are  also  in  the  cases  in  the  room  on  the  first  floor,  originally  fitted  up 
for   the  Library  in    iSoj,  but   now  used  as  the  general  office  of  the 
Hos])ital. 
Rules  for  'he  rules  for  the  Library  have  been  framed  to  meet  exigencies  as 

IJlirary.  they  arose  in  the  course  of  its  growth  and  development,  and  have,  in 
consequence,  been  subject  to  fre(nient  mollification  according  to 
circumstances.  As  a  matter  of  historical  interest,  the  following 
minute,  adopted  December  26,  1774,  may  be  quoted,  as  it  contains 
the  first  mention  of  regulations  concerning  the  lending  of  books: 

Tile  Managers  l.ikini;  iiilo  cDiisiileriitiiiii  llic  I)is;ulv:mla>;es  attending  the 
present  mode  of  lending  out  the  Medical  Books  helonKiiiK  to  the  Hospital  ; 
Ordered  that  a  book  shall  not  be  lent  out  of  the  Hosi)ital  Library  to  any  i>erson 
e.vcept  to  the  Managers,  the  Physicians,  and  to  the  .Students  who  have  attended 
or  do  attend  tile  Hospital.  Tliat  any  I)ook  l>orrowetl  shall  not  be  kept  out  longer 
than  the  time  mentioned  in  a  Promissory  Note  to  l)e  given  for  the  same  and  that 
a  Sum  of  Money  equal  to  the  Value  of  the  Hook  borrowed  shall  be  deposited  in 
the  hands  of  the  Librarian,  which  deposit  money  unless  the  liocik  be  relumed  in 
Months  nndefaced,  shall  be  forfeited. 

The  e.xtreme  carefulness  and  prudent  foresight  of  the  Managers 
and  their  wise  and  judicious  suiieriniendence  of  the  Library,  are 
frequently  manifested  in  their  corresj)ondence,  of  which  the  following 
is  an  example:  Jul)'  31,  17.S6,  "The  Committee  appointed  to 
import  the  books  for  the  Medical  IJbrary  re])ort  that  they  have 
wrote  the  following  letter  and  ordered  the  books  I'er  the  invoice 
enclosed." 

Puii.A.,  30th  6  month — 1785. 
Sir. — Inclosed  you  have  the  first  copy  of  a  bill  of  E.xchange  drawn  by  the 
Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  on  John  and  Robert  Barclay  &  Co. 
Merchants  of  London  for  fifty  four  pounds  ten  shillings  and  two  pence  Sterling 
for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  for  their  .Medical  Library  the  Books  Mentioned  in 
the  written  list.  We  trust  you  will  furnish  us  with  the  Books  at  as  reasonable 
rates  as  possible  and  as  they  are  for  our  Library  and  will  be  handled  often,  request 
that  you  will  attend  particularly  to  the  binding  that  it  may  be  both  Neat  and 
strong  :  should  the  Money  remitted  be  insulTicient  to  purchase  the  whole  of  the 
Books  you  will  please  to  attend  to  the  Note  at  the  bottom  of  the  List.  You  will 
please  to  ship  the  books  by  the  Harmony,  Capt.  Willett.  As  the  owners  gener- 
ously agreed  to  bring  them  freight  free  :  let  the  jiackage  or  packages  be  directed 
for  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

\\*e  ,'ire  ^'our  Friends 

(signed)         SAMfEI.  HoWELL, 
To  i'eler  IVynne  Esq.  Wii.i.i.am   H.\i,l. 

In  spite  of  the  watchful  guardianship  of  the  Library,  it  appears 
that  books  were  missed  from  time  to  time.  According  to  the  catalogue 
made  and  dated  the  27th  of  December,  1787,  the  Managers  discovered 

35° 


that  there  were  a  number  of  books  therein  not  accounted  for.     They 
then  made  the  following  rule,  January  28,  1788: 

The  Aputhf  cary  is  ordered  on  no  pretence  to  lend  a  book  out  of  the  Medical     Regulations 
Library  to  a  Manager,  Physician,  or  to  any  other  person,  without  taking  a  note  or    for  Loaning 
sufiicicnt   deposit.      Samuel   Coates   is   desired   to  advertise  the   lost   books  in    Books. 
"  Hall  and  Sellers'  Gazette"  and  to  request  the  persons  in  whose  possession  they 
are  to  return  tlu-ni. 

It  is  gratifying  to  learn  that  the  committee  was  able  to  report,  at 
the  meeting  February  25,  1788,  that  the  lost  books  had  been  duly 
advertised  and  that  one  had  been  restored. 

A  comprehensive  system  of  regulations  was  agreed  to  by  the 
Managers  at  the  meeting  held  December  28,  1789,  "by  and  with  the 
advice  and  Consent  of  the  Physicians  when  the  rules  for  the  preserva- 
tion thereof"  were  adopted,  and  the  Rules  for  the  Library  were 
printed  and  distributed. 

At  a  meeting,  held  May  31,  1790,  the  Committee  on  preparing 
a  Catalogue  reported  that  "  the  business  is  completed,  and  six 
hundred  copies  are  printed,  and  now  brought  to  the  house."  The 
following  interesting  item  also  appears  under  the  same  date: 

It  is  agreed  that  each  of  the  Managers,  Treasurer,  and  Phx'sicians  may  have 
Catalogues  gratis.  Also  that  One  should  be  sent  to  Dr.  Leltsom  and  one  to  Ur. 
John  Redman,  formerly  one  of  our  attending  Physicians  and  now  President  of  the 
College  of  Physicians. 

The  money  value  of  the  work  was,  at  the  same  time,   fixed  at  a 

moderate  sum  : 

It  is  also  agreed  that  the  Students  should  pay  ;»th  of  a  dollar  each,  for  a  Cata- 
logue of  which  the  Librarian  is  to  keep  an  .Account  and  to  jjay  the  Money  with 
the  fines  on  Books  to  the  Steward  when  the  .Attending  Managers  require  him  to 
do  it. 

A  standing  resolution  was  adopted,  August  30,  1790,  to  the  follow- 
ing effect:  "It  is  now  agreed  to  be  a  Rule  that  the  Treasurer  is 
always  th  be  allowed  the  Use  of  the  Library."  The  fees  for  the 
Students  were  increased.  May  10,  1802,  to  ten  dollars  for  a  single 
season,  and  twenty  dollars  for  the  perpetual  privilege,  "  with  a  copy  of 
the  Catalogue  gratis." 

It  had  been  expedient  to  slightly  modify  the  rules  after  consultation 
with  the  medical  staff,  before  their  final  adoption,  and  the  fact  that 
the  physicians  had  been  duly  consulted  and  had  approved  the 
regulations,  made  the  Managers  less  disposed  to  favor  further  changes, 
consequently  it  is  recorded  in  the  minutes  of  a  meeting,  held  October 
31,  1791,  that  the 

Physicians  propose  several  alterations  in  the  Rules  of  tile  Library  and  respect- 
ing the  .admission  of  Pupils  to  wliich  the  Managers  are  averse. 


issued. 


What    the  proposed    changes   were   does    not    appear   upon    the 
minutes,  Init  they  were   probably  considered   too   unimportant  to   be 
recorded. 
Kjrst  The  first  Catalogue  was  published  in  the  year  1 790,  and  represented 

CataioKuc  twenty-one  folio  volumes,  seventy-seven  quarto,  three  hundred  and 
forty-one  octavo,  and  eighty-nine  duodecimo — total,  five  hundred  and 
twenty-eight  volumes.  An  addition,  or  suijplement  to  the  Catalogue 
was  compiled,  printed,  and  issued  three  years  later. 

The  Library  having  been  greatly  enriched  by  gifts  and  purchase, 
it  was  decided  on  January  28,  1805,  to  prepare  a  new  Catalogue  which 
was  finally  issued  the  following  year. 

The  industry  and  zeal  of  Samuel  Coates,  Secretary  of  the  Library 
Committee,  was  manifested  in  his  interest  in  the  Library  and  assist- 
ance in  preparing  the  Catalogue.  The  Managers,  (February 
24,  1.S06),  tendered  the  Committee  the  thanks  of  the  Board  for 

Their  strict  alteminn  tn  tlie  duties  of  their  rippointnieiit.  Also  t<i  Dr.  Thomas 
I'arke  for  the  assistance  he  rendered,  and  the  particular  thanks  of  the  Managers 
are  liue  to  Dr.  Joseph  Hartshorne  for  the  i;reat  lahor  he  bestowed  in  forming  the 
Catalogue,  the  judicious  Cla.ssilication  of  tlie  Subjects  and  general  .Arranijenienl 
of  the  Books.  The  Committee  are  continued  to  have  the  books  bonnd  and  they 
are  requested  to  inform  .Archibald  Bartram  of  the  Satisfaction  of  the  lx)ard  with 
the  neatness  and  correctness  of  his  Work  which  the  Treasurer  is  desired  to  pay 
for  on  receiving  the  Committee's  order.  The  Catalogues  in  sti  IT  paper  Covers  are 
to  be  sold  at  50  cts.  each  ;  and  the  Committee  are  requested  to  present  one  Copy 
well  bound  to  the  City  Library  in  the  Name  of  the  Contributors. 

.\nd  at  a  subsequent  meeting,  a  cojiy  was  also  directed  to  be 

Presented  to  Dr.  Lettsom  of  London  neatly  bound  ;  one  to  the  College  of 
Physicians  of  Philadelphia:  one  to  the  American  Philosophical  Society;  one  to 
the  New  York  Hospital  for  their  Medical  Library  ;  one  to  Dr.  Joseph  Hartshorne 
and  one  to  Samuel  Hopkins  the  Junior  pupil  of  the  house,  also  that  one  copy 
shouUI  be  delivered  to  each  of  the  Managers  and  Physicians. 

A  new  regulation  was  adoi)ted,  May  26,  1806,  which  indicates 
that  the  Library  was  coming  into  more  general  use  for  reference  and 
that  ])hysicians  desired  to  resort  to  it  early  in  the  day.     Thus 

At  the  request  of  the  Physicians,  the  Library  is  ordered  to  be  opened  until 
further  Orders  at  nine  of  the  Clock. 

It  was  discovered  that  books  were  taken  from  the  I-il)rary  without 
Missing,   proper  records  being  made,  and  this  irregularity  finally  grew  to  such 
proportions  that  the  Managers  were  compelled  to  take  action  upon  it. 
Accordingly  we  read,  under  date  of  August  29,  1808, 

A  List  of  missing  Books  was  now  laid  before  the  Managers,  some  of  which 
have  been  out  for  Years  and  Notes  not  taken  for  many  of  them  so  that  great 
Carelessless  on  the  part  of  our  Librarian  appears  very  evident ;  to  prevent  such 
irregularities  in  future  and  to  enable  Samuel  Hopkins  to  recover  them,  it  is  now 


Books 


ordered  that  the  Medical  Library  be  Closed  and  no  book  loaned  between  this  and 

the  next  meeting  of  the  Board,  in  the  meantime  he  is  desired  to  stay  a  few  days    Library 

in  the  City  and  devote  his  time  to  collect  all  that  are  out ;    he  is  also  required  to    temporarily 

furnish  the  Secretary  with  a  Complete  List  of  what  remains  out  after  he  has  made    ^loged 

this  Collection  ;  fifty  Copies  are  to  be  distributed  among  the  Physicians  and  pupils 

and  One  Copy  is  to  be  inserted  in  the   Public  News  Papers  with  a  request  that 

borrowers  will  return  the  Books  without  delay. 

At  the  following  meeting  (September  26)  ii  was 

Agreed  the  Library  is  not  to  be  opened  until  further  Orders,  as  John  Moore 
who  is  now  appointed  Librarian  must  examine  the  books  before  he  gives  a  receipt 
for  them. 

It  is  presumed,  as  soon  as  the  new  Librarian  had  made  out  the 
list  and  receipted  for  the  books,  that  the  library  was  again  opened, 
but  greater  precautions  than  before  were  now  observed  in  order  to 
prevent  further  loss  of  books.  The  Managers  (November  28,  1S08), 
passed  the  following  rule,  which  indicates  that  the  Library  had  been 
again  thrown  open  under  the  regulations  then  in  force  : 

It  is  agreed  to  dispense  with  the  deposit  for  books  so  far  as  by  the  5th  rule  it 
is  required  of  the  Managers  Physicians  and  Treasurer  and  no  further. 

The  gratifying  announcement  was  made  July  27,  1812,  that 

A  considerable  number  of  the  Books  heretofore  missing  have  been  recovered 

and  placed  in  the  Library.     The  Secretary  is  requested  to  make  out  a  List  of  \ijssing 

such  as  are  still  missing  and  publish  it  with  a  request  that  the  persons  into  whose  Books 

hands  they  may  have  fallen  will  restore  them  to  the  Institution.  .\dvertised. 

This  duty  was  promptly  performed  by  the  Secretary  who  reported 
at  the  October  meeting 

That  he  had  made  out  a  list  of  the  missing  Books  &  placed  it  in  the  hands  of 
Zachariah  Poulson  for  Publication. 

As  an  additional  precaution,  it  was  decided  to  direct  the  book- 
binder to  mark  the  books  so  that  they  might  be  more  readily 
identified,  (November  30,  1812), 

Edward  Penington  is  requested  to  have  the  words  "  PENNSYLV.^NI.\ 
HOSPITAL"  printed  at  least  on  two  pages  of  each  volume  of  the  Buoks 
belonging  to  the  Medical  Library. 

Shortly  after  the  acquisition  by  the  Library  of  the  books  of  Prof. 
Benjamin  S.  Barton's  estate,  a  supplement  to  the  Catalogue  was  issued, 
containing  the  titles  of  works  added  between  1806  and  181 8. 

It  was  found  that  the  additions  since  the  last  edition  of  the 
Catalogue  had  been  so  numerous  that  a  new  edition  had  to  be  taken 
into  consideration. 

It  is  stated  in  a  minute  of  January  26,  1S29,  that  Mr.  William 
G.  Malin 

Having  nearly  completed  a  newly-arranged  Catalogue  of  the  Books  belonging 
to  this  Institution, 

353 


The  Comniitttc  who  liavc  cli:ir>;i"  "f  tlit-  I.ilirary  is  aiitlioriEcfl  l<i  have  iioi 
Revised    exccedhiK  five  hundred  Copies  printed,  to^elher  with  the  Rules  for  the  ("lovern- 
Cataloiiue    '">-'"t  "f  ''"■'  Library. 

Issued.  As  indicating  the  money  value  of  the  books  and  furnittire  at  that 

time  the  following  is  of  interest: 

(.April  27— 1.S29)  The  Treasurer  reports  having  efTected  an  Insurance  on  llie 
Library  for  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars  in  the  American  Kire  Insurance 
Company  for  seven  years. 

'I'he  newly-arranged  Catalogue  was  completed  by  the  following 
August  and,  at  the  meeting  on  the  3d  of  this  month,  the  following 
record  was  made : 

A  highly  interesting  historicalsketchof  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  Medical 
Library  of  this  Institution  prepared  by  William  G.  Malin  Librarian,  was  read  at 
this  time  and  the  Managers  believing  its  publication  with  the  Catalogue  prepared 
by  the  same  individual,  will  be  useful,  it  is  agreed  to  append  it  thereto,  and  the 
Library  Committee  are  authorized  to  have  it  printed. 

The  Library  Committee  was  authorized  and  re(|uested  to  prtsent 
copies  of  the  Catalogue  to  each  Physician  or  Surgeon  who  is  or  has 
been  in  attendance  at  the  Hospital  and  to  the  Resident  Physicians; 
also,  one  copy  to  each  of  the  Managers  and  the  Treasurer  and  the 
Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia  Almshouse, 
the  Philosophical  Society  and  the  New  York  Hospital.  A  copy  was 
subsequently  presented  to  the  Philadelphia  Library  Coni]:any  and  the 
Athenaium.  It  was  resolved  to  sell  the  Catalogue  at  one  dollar  per 
copy. 
Supi)lement  Eight  years  later,  in  1837,  it  was  found  necessary  to  issue  a  su|)- 

Compiled.  plement  to  the  last  Catalogue,  which  was  also  comi)iled  by  the 
Librarian.  The  Library  at  this  time  comprised  7300  volumes  and 
was  growing  at  the  rate  of  more  than  150  titles  jier  annum.  In 
1856,  it  was  found  that  the  colltclion  had  increased  to  over  ten 
thousand  volumes,  under  the  careful  sui)erintendence  of  the  Board  of 
Managers  and  the  excellent  guardianship  of  Mr.  William  G.  Malin, 
who  had  devoted  himself  to  his  duties  and  took  great  interest  in  caring 
for  the  books,  both  while  actually  in  charge  as  librarian  and  subse- 
quently while  Steward  of  the  Hospital.  It  was  deemed  advisable  to 
New  Edition  prepare  another  edition  of  the  Catalogue  at  this  time  and  the  Managers 
of  Catalogue.  ^^^^.^  ^^  fortunate  as  to  secure  the  services  of  Dr.  Kmil  Fischer,  whose 
literary  and  scientific  attainments  well  fitted  hiin  for  the  task,  which 
he  undertook  with  zeal.  The  peculiarities  of  the  new  classified  Cata- 
logue arc  best  explained  in  the  words  of  Dr.  Fischer  in  the  preface  to 
the  work,  in  which  he  i)ays  a  deserved  compliment  to  his  ])redecessor 
in  office : 

The  Library  .  .  .  contains  at  present  io,.soo  volumes  and  is  considered  now 
one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best,  collection  of  Medical  Works  in  this  country.  The 


perusal  of  its  Catalogue  will  sliuw  that  it  is  a  fair  representative  of  medical 
standard  literature,  particularly  ill  its  English  and  Frencli  part,  a  result  greatly 
owing  to  the  interest  taken  in  the  choice  and  jiurcliase  of  works  by  Mr.  Malin,  the 
former  librarian  and  present  steward  of  the  Hospital,  and  by  some  of  the  medical  i-      e    s 

officers  of  the  House.     The  present  Catalogue  is  an  entirely  new  work  and  has   "'  i     w 

been  compiled  independently  of  its  predecessors.     For  the  old  plan  of  disposing       a  .  og  e. 
the  works  in  alphabetical  order  of  the  names  of  their  authors,  a  classified  arrange- 
ment according  to  subjects  has  been  substituted. 

Dr.  Emil  Fischer  did  this  work  entirely  by  himself  while  he  was 
subjected  to  many  interruptions,  for,  during  this  time,  the  Library  was 
open  and  the  books,  owing  to  their  being  in  use  for  constant  refer- 
ence, were  liable  to  disarrangement  in  the  regular  order  they  should 
occupy  upon  the  shelves.  His  views  as  to  system  and  details  of 
classification  are  also  given  in  his  preface  to  the  Catalogue  from  which 
we  have  just  quoted  : 

For  the  classification  used  in  the  present  Catalogue,  the  compiler  is  essen- 
tially indebted  to  the  Catalogue  Raisonne  of  the  Library  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
Edinburgh,  the  arrangement  of  which  has  been  followed  out  as  far  as  some  differ- 
ence in  the  compass  and  character  of  the  two  libraries  would  permit. 

The  whole  work  has  been  divided  into  four  parts,  viz  :  Medicine,  Science, 
Literature,  and  Miscellanies.  Each  part  has  been  subdivided  into  chapters,  the 
first  and  most  important  i)art  containing  eight  of  them,  viz :  1.  Anatomy,  includ- 
ing Human  and  Comparative  Anatomy  ;  H.  Physiology  ;  IIL  Materia  Medica  and 
Pharmacy,  including  Hygiene  and  Therajjeutics  ;  IV.  General  Pathology  and 
Practice  of  Medicine  :  V.  Surgery  ;  VL  Midwifery  and  Diseases  ol  Women  and 
Children;  VH.  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Medical  Police;  and  VHL  Medical 
Literature. 

It  will  be  found,  that  the  classification  and  sub-classification  of  the  different 
chapters  coincide,  as  far  as  can  be  in  a  work  of  this  kind,  with  those  adopted  in 
most  systematic  works  on  the  different  branches  of  medical  and  general  science. 
Only  in  those  instances  where  no  scientific  ground  for  classification  could  be 
found,  the  alphabetical  arrangement  has  been  had  recourse  to. 

For  the  disposition  of  a  book,  not  only  its  title  but  also  its  contents  had  to  be 
taken  into  consideration.  In  order  not  to  separate  a  work  from  others  contained 
under  a  certaiii  sub-head,  and  treating  on  the  same  subject,  but  from  different 
points  of  view,  its  relation  to  the  general  head  had  to  be  sometimes  disregarded. 

Titles  which  had  to  be  repeated  frequently,  were  abbreviated  in  accordance 
to  the  head  under  which  they  were  placed,  and  by  this  measure  unnecessary 
incumbrance  of  the  Catalogue  was  avoided.  The  space  thus  gained  has  been 
taken  advantage  of  for  the  quotation  of  monographs,  essays,  &c.  contained  in 
collective  works,  or  in  appendices  to  larger  treatises.  These  quotations  have 
been  necessarily  confined  to  such  essays,  which  either  were  known  to  have  been 
published  in  a  separate  form,  or  which,  from  the  nature  of  their  contents  or 
extent,  seemed  to  be  of  some  importance.  Some  of  these  points  had  to  be  ascer- 
tained by  the  aid  of  bibliograjihical  works. 

The  Catalogue  Raisonne  of  1857,  with  the  supplement  issued  in 
1883,  is  still  in  use  as  the  official  catalogue,  and  has  been  found  to 
facilitate  reference  and  to  greatly  increase  the  usefulness  of  the  Library. 
It  was  received  with  marked  evidences  of  appreciation,  both  by  the 

355 


Present 
State  of 
Library. 

The 

Anatomical 

and 

Patliolojjical 

Museum. 


Letter  from 
Dr.  John 
Fothernill 
accompany- 
ing Casts  and 
Diagrams 
for  Teaching. 


Managers  and  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  institution,  and  Dr.  Fischer  had 
the  proud  satisfaction  of  accomplishing  a  useful  and  laborious  work  in  a 
manner  which  reflected  the  highest  credit  u])on  his  industry  and  literary 
skill. 

The  additions  to  1893  bring  up  the  aggregate  number  of  vohniies 
to  14,81  2,  coni])rised  as  follows  :  octavos,  1 1,103  ;  ducxlecimos,  1482; 
quartos,  1828;  folios,  399. 

It  was  probably  a  i)art  of  the  original  design  of  the  Managers  and 
Physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  to  provide  for  the  establish- 
ment of  an  Anatomical  and  Pathological  Museum  in  connection  with 
the  institution,  or  if  this  had  not  been  their  intention  originally,  it 
was  suggested  by  them  shortly  after  the  new  building  was  opened. 

It  is  recorded  that  on  the  30th  of  April,  1757,  Deborah  Morris 
])resented  a  human  skeleton,  for  the  i)ur])ose  of  medical  teaching.  In 
1 772  a  skeleton  and  prejwrations  of  muscles  and  arteries  were  pur- 
chased from  the  estate  of  Dr.  William  Logan,  deceased;  and  again 
December  28,  1805,  the  executors  of  a  Dr.  Carter,  of  Virginia,  pre- 
sented a  skeleton  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  instructing  students 
and  others  attending  the  practice  of  the  house. 

An  important  event  in  the  History  of  the  Hospital  occurred  at 
a  meeting  of  the  Managers  and  Treasurer,  which  was  held  in  the 
Warden's  Room  at  the  Court  House,  Philadelphia,  the  Sth  iiih 
month,  1762  : 

The  Board  being  called  at  the  Ki<iuist  of  Doc'r  William  Shippeii  jun'r,  lately 
arrived  from  London,  he  attended  &  "  informetl  the  Board  that  Per  the  "  Carolina  ' 
Capt.  Friend,  are  arrived  from  Uoc'r  John  Fothergill,  Seven  Cases  which  contain 
a  parcel  of  .Anatomical  Drawings  which  the  Doctor  inform'd  him  when  in  London 
he  intended  as  a  Present  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  but  that  he  has  not 
received  any  Letter  or  Invoice  of  them  nor  any  further  directions  but  what  the 
Doctor  verbally  gave  him  there  &  that  he  concludes  his  constant  Kngagenunts 
had  prevented  his  Writing  Per  this  Ship  But  by  a  Letter  from  him  to  James 
Pemberton  dated  7th  4mo  last  he  therein  signifies  in  general  his  Intentions  of 
sending  this  Present  to  the  Hospital  &  the  Uses  he  proposes  thereby  of  wch  the 
following  is  an  Abstract : 

"  I  distributed  the  Books  thou  wast  pleas'd  to  send  me  as  desir'd  but  they 
came  perhaps  at  an  unlucky  Juncture,  Money  is  much  wanted  here  for  numerous 
Purposes  Sc  men  part  with  Fifty  Pounds  with  reluctance  when  they  know  that  a 
little  more  would  purchase  them  a  hundred,  the  Hospital  however  must  subsist 
itself  as  well  as  possible  till  better  times  I  purpose  to  send  by  Doc'r  Shippen  a 
present  to  it  of  some  intrinsic  value  tho'  not  probably  of  immediate  Benefitt,  I 
need  not  tell  thee  that  the  Knowledge  of  Anatomy  is  of  exceeding  great  use  to 
Practitioners  in  Physic  &  Surgery  &  that  the  means  of  procuring  Subjects  with 
you  are  not  easy,  some  pretty  accurate  anatomical  Drawings  about  half  as  big  as 
the  Life  have  fallen  into  my  hands  &  Which  I  purpose  to  send  to  your  Hospital 
to  be  under  the  Care  of  the  Physicians  &  to  be  by  some  of  them  e.xplained  to  the 
Students  or  Pupils  who  may  attend  the  Hospital. 


356 


"  III  the  want  of  real  Subjects  these  will  have  their  Use  &  I  have  recommended 
it  to  Dr.  SItippen  to  give  a  Course  of  Anatomical  Lectures  to  such  as  may  attend,    jj^   Fother- 
he  is  very  well  qualified  for  the  subject  &  will  soon  be  followed   by  an  able    gjU's  Dona- 
Assistant  Dr.  Morgan  both  of  whom  I  apprehend  will  not  only  be  useful  to  the    jj„„  ^^  j|,g 
Province  in  their  Employments  but  if  suitably  countenanced  by  the  Legislature    Pathological 
will   be  able  to  erect  a  School   for   Physic  amongst  you  that  may  draw  many    jjustuni  and 
Students  from  various  parts  of  America  &  the  West  Indies  &  at  least  furnish    Suggestion 
them  with  a  better  Idea  of  the  Rudiments  of  their  Profession  than  they  have  at    ^f  ^  Medical 
present  the  Means  of  acquiring  on  your  Side  of  the  Water.  School 

"  Should  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital  think  proper  I  could  wish  that  if  the 
Drawings  &  Casts  I  shall  send  P.  the  ne.xt  Convoy  come  safe  that  they  might  be 
lodged  in  some  low  Apartment  of  the  Hospital  not  to  be  seen  by  every  Person 
but  with  the  Permission  of  a  Trustee  &  for  some  small  Gratuity  for  the  Benefitt 
of  the  House.  The  Drawings  are  in  Crayons  &  should  therefore  not  be  kept  in 
too  dry  a  place  nor  shaked  about  too  much." 

And  Doctor  Shippen  proposing  to  e.xhibit  a  Course  of  Lectures  on  Anatomy 
this  Winter  requested  he  might  have  recourse  to  the  said  Drawings  &  Casts  the 
Managers  being  desirous  of  countenancing  him  in  his  undertaking  agree  he  may 
have  the  use  of  them  in  such  manner  and  place  as  after  consulting  the  Physicians 
may  be  thought  most  convenient  &  least  prejudicial  to  the  Drawings  as  they 
require  to  be  handled  with  the  greatest  Delicacy  &  Care  &  after  consulting  with 
the  Physicians,  who  on  Notice  being  sent  them  attended  on  the  occasion  viz. 
Thomas  Bond,  Phineas  Bond,  William  Shippen,  senr.,  John  Redman,  & 
Cadwalader  Evans,  to  whom  the  proposal  of  Dr.  Shippen  junr.  of  his  exhibiting 
a  course  of  Lectures  &c.  being  communicated  they  unanimously  express'd  their 
approbation  thereof  &  it  was  concluded  that  the  several  Cases  should  be  con- 
veyed to  the  Hospital  &  that  the  Physicians  &  Managers  would  attend  there 
to-morrow  3  o'clock  p.  .m.  to  view  the  Contents. 

The  Board  met  November  9,  1762,  and 

Open'd  three  Cases  containing  Eighteen  different  curious  Views  of  various    The 
parts  of  the  Human  Body  in  Crayons  framed  &  glaized  ;  three  Cases  of  Anato-    Fothergill 
mical  Castings,  &  one  Case  containing  a  Skeleton  &  Foetus.  Collection. 

It  is  agreed  that  the  preparations  should  be  deposited  in  the  North  Room  on 
the  Second  Floor  &  the  same  Committee  with  Samuel  Rhoads  are  desired  to 
employ  Workmen  to  affix  a  Partition  in  that  Room  &  make  it  convenient  for 
the  Purpose. 

In  order  to  comply  as  near  as  possible  with  the  Intention  of  the  Donor  it  is 
unanimously  agreed  that  the  anatomical  Drawings  &  Casts  should  not  be  per- 
mitted to  be  taken  out  of  the  Room,  the  Key  of  wOiich  is  to  be  put  under  the 
particular  Care  of  the  Managers  in  attendance. 

And  if  any  Professor  of  .\natomy  is  desirous  to  exhibit  Lectures  he  is  to 
apply  to  them  for  Liberty. 

All  such  Pupils  as  attend  the  said  Lectures  intended  to  be  exhibited  bj- 
Dr.  Shijipen  or  any  other  Person  should  pay  a  Pistole  each. 

And  such  Persons  who  from  curiosity  may  apply  to  view  the  said  Paintings 
&c.  should  pay  a  Dollar  each. 

Doctor  William  Shippen,  Junr.,  met  the  Managers  at  the  London 
Coffee  House  May  17,  1763,  and  proposed  that  an  advantage  may 
arise  to  the  Hospital  by  the  Anatomical  Drawings  and  Casts  and 
offered  his  service  to  attend  twice  in  a  Month  to  give  some  general 


357 


explanation  to  such  persons  who  may  be  desirous  to  view  thcin.     The 

Dr.  Wni.    following  advertisement    was   agreed    to    be    published    in    the    next 

Shippen   .'Gazette,"  viz.: 
betjins  a 
Course  of  The  Generous  Donation  of  Ductor  Fotliirnill  of  London  to  the  I'lnnsylvania 

Lectures.  Hospital  of  a  Set  of  An.itomical  Paintings  8c  Castings  in  plaister  of  Paris  repre- 
senting (iiflVrcnt  views  of  the  Several  parts  of  tile  Human  Ixwiy  being  now 
deposited  in  a  Convenient  Chamber  of  the  Hospital,  As  there  may  be  many  I'er- 
sons  besides  Students  in  Physic  desirous  to  gain  some  general  knowledge  of  the 
Structure  of  the  Human  body  ; 

Dr.  William  Shippen  jun'r,  proposes  to  attend  there  on  the  seventh  day  of 
the  Week  at  5  o'clock  p.  M.  and  once  a  fortnight  on  the  same  day  of  the  Week  at 
the  same  hour  during  the  summer  season  to  explain  &  demonstrate  to  such  per- 
sons who  are  willing  to  give  a  Dollar  Each  for  the  benefit  of  the  Hospital. 

The  Managers  made  the  following  acknowledgment  to  the  donor : 

Pennsylvania  Hosi-ital,  29th  12th  mo.  1763. 

Letter  of  Eslecmed  l-riend. — The  assurances  we  have  had  by  diverse  Instances  of  thy 

Managers  to    favour.ible  .-Vttention  to  the  Interests  of  this  Hospital  e.vcited  in  our  minds  the 

Dr.  Fother-    Sentiments   of  Gratitude   &    Respect   which    were  confirmed    by    thy   genarous 

(rill.    Donations  of  a  Sett  of  .Anatomical  Painting  &  Castings  and  on  the  reciv'g  them 

we  determined  to  make  our  Acknowledgement  of  thy  Benevolence  We  deferr'd 

doing  it  sometime  being  in  hopes  of  receiving  the  adilitional  Favour  of  thy  Advice 

and  Instructions  respecting  the  most  proper  manner  of  rendering  this  very  useful 

present  of  the  most  extensive  Service  but  we  cannot  excuse  our  Delay  till  this 

Time,  &  must  rely  on  thy  favourable  Construction  of  this  Omission. 

Being  desirous  of  rendering  thy  kind  Intentions  as  effectual  iis  we  could,  we 
observ'd  the  Hints  given  in  thy  Letter  to  James  PembertonS  have  placed  them  in 
cases  conveniently  fixed  in  a  Room,  the  least  exposed  to  the  Heat  of  the  Sun  & 
our  dry  Air  and  in  which  Dr.  Shippen  or  any  other  Professor  may  be  accommo- 
dated when  he  has  Ocassion  in  his  Lectures  to  have  recourse  to  them.  The 
Students  in  Surgery  and  others  who  are  admitted  to  view  them  were  for  some 
time  attended  by  him  and  by  one  or  more  of  the  Managers,  but  lately  the  Steward 
or  Matron  have  been  intrusted  to  supply  the  Place  of  the  Managers,  and  wt  are 
in  hopes  some  considerable  Service  will  accrue  by  the  Instruction  conveyed  by 
this  means. 

The  Premium  paid  for  this  Priviledge  hath  produced  more  than  we  expected, 
and  when  such  Gentlemen  of  the  Faculty,  who  are  duly  qualified,  and  incited  by 
a  desire  of  promoting  the  public  Good,  will  devote  their  Time  and  .Attention,  we 
may  hope  there  will  be  such  complcat  Courses  of  Lectures  given  to  the  various 
Branches  of  Physical  Knowledge,  as  to  render  their  Service  very  extensive,  which 
it  will  afford  us  much  Satisfaction  &  Pleasure  to  promote. 

We  should  have  been  sollicitous  about  making  Remittances  before  this  time, 
for  the  Medicines  we  last  rcceiv'd  from  S  &  T  Bevan  if  we  had  not  been  informed 
by  our  friend  Benjamin  Franklin  that  thou  liadst  kindly  undertaken  to  procure 
Contributions  there  sufficient  for  the  Purpose,  we  are  now  again  in  Want  of  a 
further  Supply,  and  have  therefore  sent  an  Inv.  to  S  &  T  Bevan  for  which  we 
sh.-ill  endeavor  to  pay  them  in  due  lime,  unless  the  Success  of  these  Contributions 
has  been  so  great  as  to  render  it  unnecessary. 

We  have  directed  the  .Accols.  of  List  Year  to  be  sent  thee.  We  have  since 
admitted  297  Patients  &  Discharg'd  234  &  and  there  are  now  121  remaining  of 
whom  37  are  Lunatics,  when  the  Accots.  of  the  Current  year  now  expiring  are 


Letter  to 
Dr.  Fothcr- 
gill. 


adjusted,  we  intend  to  Order  a  Duplicate  thereof  to  be  sent  thee  and  shall  at  all 
times  receive  with  Pleasure  any  Intimations  of  what  thou  mayst  judge  Conducive 
of  the  Interest  or  tending  to  promote  the  purpose  of  this  Institution. 

We  salute  thee  with  much  Respect,  &  are  thy  Obliged  Real  Friends, 

No  further  communication  having  been  received  from  Dr. 
Fothergill,  the  Managers  again  addressed  him  May  20,  1765,  as 
follows  : 

Esteemed  Friend. — We  have  for  some  time  past  promised  ourselves  the 
pleasure  of  receiving  a  Letter  from  thee  on  the  affairs  of  this  Hospital  but  are  as 
yet  disappointed. 

By  the  Copy  of  what  we  wrote  thee  on  the  29th  December  1763  which  we 
e.\pect  has  reached  thy  hands  thou  willt  be  informed  of  our  grateful  acceptance 
of  thy  generous  donation  of  the  Anatomical  Paintings  and  Casts  the  manner  in 
which  we  have  disposed  of  them  &  the  advantage  &  usefulness  they  have  given 
us,  as  likewise  the  state  of  the  Institution  to  that  time ;  Since  which  the  same 
attention  and  care  as  heretofore  has  been  continued  by  the  Physicians  and 
Managers  that  we  have  the  Pleasure  to  observe  its  reputation  increase  &  our 
afTairs  in  a  satisfactory  situation. 

The  value  of  the  gift  from  Dr.  Fothergill,  more  especially  the 
drawings,  which,  indeed,  compare  favorably  with  any  anatomical 
illustrations  of  the  present  day,  was  very  considerable,  being  estimated 
in  the  schedule  of  the  stock  of  the  Hospital  at  ^350.  The  subsequent 
history  of  the  Fothergill  Collection  will  be  found  a  few  pages  further 
on. 

In  1793,  the  Managers  acquired  for  the  Museum  a  very  remark- 
able collection  of  Anatomical  preparations,  including  dried,  injected    Dr.  .Abraham 
and  painted  specimens,  together  with  a  series  of  beautiful  wax  models  by   Chovet. 
Dr.  Abraham  Chovet,  by  purchase  from 
his  heirs.     The  collection,  especially 
the  wax  preparations,   were  regarded 
at   that   time  as  masterpieces  of  art. 
A  medallion  portrait  in  wax  made  by 
Dr.    Chovet',  in  a   glass  frame,   was 
presented  to  the  Hospital  later. 

Dr.  Chovet  was  born  in  England  May  25, 
1704.  He  was  educated  in  London  and  sub- 
sequently devoted  several  years  to  the  study 
of  anatomy  under  the  ablest  anatomist  of 
Europe.  He  afterwards  went  to  the  Island  of 
Jamaica  where  he  continued  his  anatomical 
dissections  and  studies  :  from  here  he  fled 
with  his  widowed  daughter  to  Philadelphia  to 
escape  an  insurrection  of  slaves,  some  years 
before  the  American  Revolution.  Dr.  Abraham  Chovet. 


'  On  January  38,  1S78,  Miss  Mar>-  Ann  Marshall  presented  to  the  Hospital  a  miniature 
likeness  of  Dr.  Chovet,  which  was  executed  on  his  eightieth  birthday. 


359 


lie  was  appointed  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  tin-  I'nitcil  Company  of 
Barbers  and  Surgeons,  August  21.  1735. 

Dr.  Chovet  married  in  London  ;  his  wife  died  in  Philadelphia  and  was  buried 
in  Christ  Church  cemetery,  February  12,  17S5. 
Dr.  Chovet's  Dr.  Chovet  brought  with  him   from  Kngland  an  excellent   collection  of  wa.\ 

Lectures,    preparations  of  difterent  parts  of  the  human  body  which  he  had   made   himself; 
these  were  utilized  in  his  medical  lectures. 

During  the  winter  of  1774-1775  he  delivered  lectures  on  Anatomy  and 
Physiology,  his  advertisement  reading  :  "At  the  Anatomical  Museum  in  Videl's 
Alley,  Second  Street,  on  Wednesday,  the  seventh  day  of  December,  at  six  in  the 
evening.  Dr.  Chovet  will  begin  his  course  of  Anatomical  and  Physiological  lec- 
tures, in  which  the  several  parts  of  the  human  body  will  be  demonstrated  with 
their  mechanism  and  actions,  together  with  the  doctrines  of  life,  health  and  the 
several  effects  resulting  from  the  actions  of  the  parts,  on  his  curious  collection  of 
anatomical  wax-works  and  other  natural  preparations  ;  to  be  continued  the  whole 
winter  until  the  course  is  completed. 

"  As  this  course  cannot  be  attended  with  the  disagreeable  sight  or  smell  of 
recent  deceased  and  putrid  carcasses,  which  often  disgust  even  the  students  of 
Physic,  as  well  as  the  curious,  otherwise  inclinetl  Ui  this  useful  and  sublime  part 
of  natural  philosophy,  it  is  hoped  that  this  undertaking  will  meet  with  suitable 
encou  ragcment . ' ' 

Dr.  Chovet  is  represented  to  have  been  a  nian  of  small,  almost  dwarfed 
stature,  and  of  a  mirthful,  jocular  disposition.  He  is  described,  in  advanced  life,  .as 
one  who  might  be  seen  almost  dail)',  enfeebled  by  age,  shufiiing  along  in  seeming 
haste.  His  bowed  head,  which  leaned  forward  beyond  the  cape  of  his  old- 
fashioned  black  coat,  was  covered  by  a  small  cocked  hat,  closely  turned  up 
behind  upon  the  crown  and  cocked  in  front  which  diil  not  conceal  his  long  white 
hair.  His  locked  teeth  and  his  compressed  lips  were  in  continuous  motion  as  if 
he  were  crunching  something.  He  carried  a  golil-headed  Indian  cane,  secured 
by  a  black  silken  string  dangling  from  his  wrist.  The  heels  of  his  capacious 
shoes,  well  lined  in  winter  se.ison  with  thick  woolen  cloth,  and  ferule  of  his  cane 
might  be  heard  jingling  and  scraping  the  pavement  at  every  step.  On  the  street 
he  always  seemed  to  be  hastening  to  a  patient  dangerously  ill  as  fast  as  his  ;iged 
limbs  would  permit,  without  looking  to  the  right  or  left.  He  used  expletives  freely 
in  his  conversation  and  was  notable  for  sarcastic  wit.  It  is  doubtful  if  his  profes- 
sional career  was  always  pecuniarily  successful,  the  necessity  which  required  him 
at  his  advanced  age  to  within  a  few  weeks  of  his  death,  to  visit  patients  in  all 
kinds  of  weather,  would  indicate  he  had  not  met  with  financial  success.  His 
character  and  the  quality  of  his  professional  acquirements  entitled  him  to  high 
rank  among  the  medical  profession,  and  with  them  to  respectful  remembrance. 

Shortly  before  his  death  he  requested  that  his  funeral  be  a  plain  one,  and  by 
no  means  to  have  the  bell  rung  for  him,  as  was  the  custom  of  the  times  when  a 
person  was  dying,  because  he  did  not  wish  to  disturb  sick  people  by  such  an 
unnecessary  noise.     Dr.  Chovet  died  March  24,  1790,  aged  85  years. 

Dr.  Chovet  was  the  only  one  of  the  twelve  senior  founders  of  the  C<*llege  o( 
Physicians  who  was  not  a  native  of  Phil.adelphia,  and  he  was  over  eighty  years  of 
age  at  the  time  it  was  instituted.  "  At  such  an  advanced  age  men  are  not  invited 
to  engage  in  anew  enterprise  unless  their  qualifications  are  eminent  in  the  estima- 
tion of  their  colleagues." 

In  1797,  Dr.  John  Redman  presented  to  the  collection  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  bones  of  the  ear,  made  of  brass. 

360 


August  26,  1799,  the  Managers  entered  into  the  following 
arrangement : 

Will.    Stevens  Jacobs  to  board  in  the  house  during  the  prevalence  of  Yellow    Special 
fever  and  while  here  to  put  the  museum  in  good  order,  to  pay  $4  per  week  for  his    Caretakers 
board,  find  his  own  liquor,  and  not  to  go  to  the  city  during  the  fever.  for  the 

Dr.  Jacobs  apparently  was  in  no  great  haste  to  complete  his  work  „  "j„ted 
or  had  great  dread  of  the  epidemic,  for  we  find  four  years  later, 
May  28,  1803,  he  presents  a  bill  "for  putting  the  museum  in  good 
order  and  making  a  skeleton."  Possibly  the  museum  required  more 
attention  than  was  thought  necessary  previously ;  but  whether  the 
services  of  Dr.  Jacobs  were  continued,  or  occasional,  it  appears  that 
he  was  the  first  official  curator  of  the  collection,  unless  Dr.  Shippen 
may  be  regarded  as  the  first  to  fill  that  position. 

January  28,  1805,  a  Catalogue  of  the  Museum  and  Library  was 
compiled  and  printed.  A  month  later  (February  25)  a  committee 
was  instructed  to  remove  to  the  new  museum  room  the  paintings  and 
castings,  etc.,  under  the  inspection  of  Drs.  Physick  and  Wistar.  This 
work  appears  to  have  been  done  leisurely,  for  the  committee  did  not 
report  the  work  completed  imtil  June  24,  1805. 

A  special  caretaker  of  the  Museum  having  been  appointed,  the 
following  receipt  for  the  preparations  was  given,  which  is  of  interest  as 
an  inventory  of  the  Museum  at  that  time  : 

Pexns.  Hospital,  25th  8nio.  1806. 

Received  under  my  care  and  responsibility  from  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital 
all  the  articles  of  the  .'Anatomical  museum  contained  in  the  list  thereof  viz: 

Imitations  of  the  internal  parts  of  the  human  body  in  wa.\  by  the  late 
Dr.  Chovet  from  No.  i  to  No.  8  inclusive. 

Dried  preparations  by  the  late  Dr.  Chovet  and  others  from  No.  i  to  no.  93 
inclusive. 

Preparations  of  different  parts  of  the  human  body  in  Spirit  of  Wine,  by  the 
late  Dr.  Chovet  and  others  from  No.  i  to  no.  60  inclusive,  and 

Three  Castings  in  Gypsum,  and  eighteen  Paintings  in  crayons  ;  presented  by 

Dr.  Fothergill  of  London. 

S.\ML,  C.  Hopkins. 

The  museum  rapidly  increased  in  size  and  importance,  and  great 
interest  was  taken  in  adding  to  the  collection  by  all  of  the  members 
of  the  medical  and  surgical  staff.  When  in  181 7,  the  building  was 
erected  for  the  exhibition  of  West's  painting,  accommodations  were 
made  in  it  also  for  the  anatomical  and  pathological  preparations. 

In  1824  it  was  decided  to  part  with  the  museum,  which  had  now 
become  so  large  as  to  require  special  provision  and  care.  It  is  also 
to  be  considered  that  medical  instruction  no  longer  occupied  such  a 
prominent  position  in  the  minds  of  the  Managers,  since  other  institu- 
tions had  sprung  up  in  the  community  which  relieved  the  Hospital  of 

361 


the  necessity  of  taking  a|)ijrentices  to  train  as  physicians  and  "  the 

practice  of  the  house"  ceased  to  hold  its  former  important  place  in 

medical  instruction  in  this  country.    On  April  26,  1824,  therefore,  the 

following  was  adopted  : 

The  Believing  that  the  Museum  beloiiginK  to  this  establishment  may  l>e  rendered 

Fothergill    niore  useful  to  the  interests  of  science  under  tile  management  of  the  University  ; 

Collection    'ind  this   Board  entertaining  moreover  the  most   friendly  feelings  towards  that 

Deposited  in    very  valuable  Institution,  it  is  resolved  to  present  the  collection  including  the 

the  Museum    necessary  cases  to  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

of  t  le  Subsequentlv  the  following  was  received  by  the  Managers: 

UniversUy  of  '  '  ^  j  e> 

I'ennsylvania  Jifsulz'cd. — That  the  Trustees  reciprocating  in  relation  to  the  Pennsylvania 

Hospital  the  friendly  feelings  e.vpressed  by  its  Managers  for  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  do  accept  with  pleasure  anil  thankfulness  the  valuable  Museum 
offered  by  the  Managers  and  appoint  a  committee  to  receive  the  same  an<l  to 
furnish  the  Hospital  with  a  copy  tif  this  mimile. 

Jos.  Rkko,  Si;  riltiiy. 

Received  Philadelphia,  May  nth,  1824.  from  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  Three  castings  of  Cypsum,  and  Fjghteen  jiaintings  in  crayons 
representing  the  structure  of  the  human  body,  being  a  donation  of  the  late 
Dr.  Fothergill  of  London  to  the  said  Hospital,  and  which  are  to  be  deposited  in 
the  Museum  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  until  reclaimed  by  the  Managers 
of  the  said  Hospital. 

J.\MKS  fJiBSOX 

Zacchkis  Coi.i.ins 
Commillee  oil  llic  ll'is/iir  Afiisriiiii. 

The  last  clatise  in  the  above  re<eipt  was  inserted  because  it  was 
believed  that  the  letter  accompanying  Ur.  John  Fothergill's  donation 
would  preclude  the  collection  from  being  permanently  alienated. 

It  was  several  years  before  any  systematic  attemj)!  was  made  to 
make  another  collection.  Rare  cases  occasionally  occurred,  and 
interesting  specimens  were  obtained  by  surgical  operation,  or  dissec- 
tion, but  no  special  place  being  supplied  by  the  Managers,  they 
were  usually  regarded  as  the  private  jjroperty  of  the  surgeon,  or 
physician,  w'ho  discovered  and  retained  them. 

On  December  26,  1S53,  the  members  of  the  Surgical  Staff 
requested  that  a  room  be  ajjpropriated  and  properly  fitted  up  for  a 
])athological  museum.  This  was  agreed  to  and  some  s])ecimens  were 
secured,  but  the  attempt  to  establish  a  museum  at  that  time  was 
abandoned  shortly  afterward. 

Subsequentlv,  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Morton  especially  interested  himself 
in  forming  a  collection  and,  after  serving  a  term  as  Resident  Physi- 
cian, he  was  formally  appointed,  in  i860.  Curator  to  the  Museum  and 
Pathologist  to  the  Hospital.  A  series  of  rules  were  framed  by  him 
with  the  approval  of  the  Managers,  for  the  regulation  and  development 
of  the  Museimi,  then  located  on  the  first  floor  of  the  Picture  House. 

362 


The  Managers,  on  April  27,  1863,  having  inspected  tlie  Museum    ^i.,„ag,.rs 
and  being  much  gratified   with  their  visit,  unanimously  adojjted  the   visit  the 
following:  Hospital 

Whereas,  An  examination  of  the  Museum,  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Morton, 
Curator  and  Pathologist,  has  been  very  satisfactory,  therefore 

Resolved  that  the  thanks  of  the  Board  be  and  they  are  hereby  tendered  to 
Dr.  Morton  for  the  very  efficient  manner  in  which  he  has  discharged  the  important 
duty  entrusted  to  his  care. 

Dr.  Morton  held  the  office  for  three  years,  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  Staff  as  one  of  the  Surgeons,  but  during  those  early  years  he 
labored  with  such  zeal  and  industry  that  he  gathered  a  valuable 
cfillection  of  several  hundred  pathological  specimens,  both  wet  and 
dry.  These  are  the  foundation  of  the  present  museum,  "  which  owes 
its  existence,"  as  a  subsequent  curator  has  declared,  "to  his  zealous 
interest  in  pathology."  After  Dr.  Morton  had  resigned,  the  position 
was  acceptably  filled  by  Dr.  William  Pej^per,  who  was  appointed 
Curator  and  Pathologist  by  the  Managers,  in  1863.  In  1869,  when 
the  new  clinical  amphitheatre  was  opened  for  use,  the  Museum  was 
transferred  to  the  first  floor  of  this  building,  in  a  room  with  northern 
exposure,  well  lighted  and  commodious.  (See  vignette  on  next  page.) 
The  drawings  and  casts  presented  by  Dr.  Fothergill  were  returned 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  still  occupy  a  prominent 
]wsition  in  the  Hospital  Museum  as  objects  of  conspicuous  interest. 
Dr.  Pepper  com|iiled  a  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Pathological 
Museiun  which  was  pulilished  by  the  Board  of  Managers  in  1S69.  He 
stated  that  this  was  : 

"  Based  upon  one  written  by  Dr.  Morton  which  contained  the  descriptions  of 
three  hundred  specimens,  each  of  which,  however,  has  been  carefully  re-e.\amined 
and  more  fully  described." 

The  system  of  classification  and  numeration  followed  that  in  use 
in  Guy's  Hospital  Museum;  the  name  of  the  donor  being  affixed  to 
the  description  of  each  specimen,  and  if  an  account  of  the  case  has 
been  published,  the  reference  is  duly  given  to  author  and  place  of 
publication.  In  compiling  this  Catalogue,  Dr.  Pepper  acknowledged 
his  obligation  to  the  kind  assistance  of  Dr.  Charles  Retz,  Resident 
Physician  in  the  Hospital. 

Dr.  Pepper  resigned  in  1S71,  whereui)on  the  Managers  appointed 
as  Curator,  Dr.  Morris  Longstreth,  who  served  until  1890,  when  he 
resigned  and  Dr.  Henry  M.  Fisher  was  made  "Pathologist,  Curator 
and  Microscopist." 

Dr.  J.  Forsyth  Meigs  in  his  History  of  the  "  First  Quarter  of  the 
Second  Century  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,"  published  in  1S77, 
remarked  : 

363 


"  Uiidir  till-  care  of  several  Kiiillemcn  this  Mtiseiiin  has  Ircdiih-  really 
valuable.  It  contains  747  specimens  of  different  morbid  preparations,  from  cases 
occurring  in  the  house,  and  may  be  made  of  great  use  in  illustratinj;  the  medical 
teaching  of  the  Hospital." 

In  1S75,  a  regular  course  of  lectures  on  I'athological  Anatomy, 
illustrated  by  specimens  in  the  Museum,  the  only  one  in  the  city  at 
that  period,  was  given  by  the  Curator  of  the  Hospital,  Dr.  Longstreth. 

Since  1881  yearly  additions  to  the  Museum  have  averaged  about 
fifty  a  year.  At  this  time(iS94)  they  have  practically  ceased,  as  the 
room  for  their  accommodation  has  been  entirely  filled  and  further 
growth  is  not  possible.  Lectures  are  annually  given  by  the  Pathologist, 
and  the  morbid  and  anatomical  preparations  are  constantly  in 
demand  to  illustrate  clinical  lectures,  which  are  delivered  before 
large  classes  of  medical  students  every  year,  from  October  to  March, 
inclusive,  in  the  clinical  amphitheatre. 

CURATORS  OF  TlIK  I'.VTIH  )L(  XIICAL  MUSEUM. 

Thomas  G.  Morton,  M.  D.,  November  28,  i860— March  2S,  1K64. 
Thomas  Wistar,  M.  D.,  March  28,  1S64— March  26,  1866. 
William  Pepper,  M.  D.,  March  26,  1866 — September  28,  1870. 
Morris  Longstreth,  M.  D.,  November  28,  1870— May  5,  1890. 
Henry  M.  Fisher,  M.  D.,  May  5,  1890 — in  office. 


364 


LEGACIES,   DONATIONS,  AND  CONTRIBUTIONS. 


The  capital  stock  of  the  Hosiiital,  from  time  to  time,  has  been 
aided  by  legacies,  which  have  materially  increased  its  resources  and  its 
means  for  carrying  on  its  charitable  work.  Among  the  larger  sums 
received  by  bequest,  were  legacies  from  the  following : 

Mary  D.  Brown,  J.ine  A.  Calhoun,  Mary  M.  Calhoun,  Wni.  \V.  Cook,  Henry 
Cramniond,  Josiah  Dawson,  Alexander  J.  Derbyshire,  John  Farnum,  Joseph 
Fisher,  Jesse  George,  Stephen  Girard,  John  W.  Grigg,  Sylvanus  W.  Godon, 
Nathaniel  P.  Hood.  Wm.  C.  Jeanes,  Jolin  Keble,  George  B.  Ord,  George  S.  Pepper, 
Mary  Shields,  Henry  T.  Stout,  Samuel  Welsh  and  Isaiah  V.  Williamson. 

The  family  of  the  late  President  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
Mr.  Wistar  Morris,  made  a  munificent  donation,  which  has  been  already 
referred  to,  (on  page  no.)  Mr.  Wm.  E.  Garrett  and  the  Misses 
Blanchard  have  also  made  very  generous  contributions. 

The  organic  law  of  May  ii.  1751,  creating  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  made  it  lawful  for 

'■  All  persons  who  had  contributed  ten  pounds  or  more  towards  the  Hospital, 
ot  any  number  of  them,  to  meet  on  the  second  day  of  the  first  week,  in  the  month 
called  May,  yearly  for  ever,  to  elect  by  ballot,  twelve,  fit  and  suitable  persons  of 
their  own  number  to  be  managers  and  one  other  person  to  be  treasurer  of  the 
Hospital  until  the  ne.\t  election  ;  to  make  such  laws,  rules,  and  orders,  as  shall 
appear  necessary,  for  the  well  governing,  ordering  and  re.gulating  the  said 
Hospital,  and  for  the  regulation  of  the  future  elections  of  managers,  treasurer, 
and  other  necessary  officers  and  ministers,  thereof,  and  for  limiting  and  appointing 
their  number,  trust,  and  authority,  provided  they  be  not  repugnant  to  the  laws 
of  England  or  this  government,  and  are  approved  by  the  Chief  Justice,  the 
Speaker  of  the  .'\ssembly,  and  the  .Attorney  General. 


Powers  and 
Duties  of 
Contributors. 


365 


Other  provisions  of  the  Act  were,    that   the  Contributors  to  the 

Li-Kal    Pennsylvania  Hospital  might  hold  real  estate  of  the  yearly  value  of 

Ri-Kiilation  oi   yne  thousand  i)ounds ; '    that  neither   they,    nor  any    person   acting 

Cimtribiitiirs.  ,         ,  ,        ,  ,  ,  ■  i  i        ■ 

under  them  should  em|)loy  the  money  or  other  estate,  ex[)ressly  given 
or  added  to  the  capital  stock  of  the  Hospital  in  any  other  way  than 
by  applying  its  annual  interests  or  rents  towards  the  entertainniciu 
and  care  of  the  sick  and  distempered  poor  ;  and  that  i)atients  should 
be  received  from  any  part  of  the  Province  without  partiality  or  jjref- 
erence  ;  that  an  annual  statement  should  he  rendered  to  the  Legisla- 
ture, also,  if  at  any  time  the  Contributors  should  fail  to  make  yearly 
elections  of  managers,  the  Hospital,  its  estates  and  affairs  thereof  and 
the  management  should  devolve  on  the  General  As>embly. 

The  place  of  honor  among  the  contributors  belongs  to    Doctors 

Lloyd  Zachary  and  Thomas  and  Phineas  Bond,  who  made  |)Ossible  the 

establishing  of  the   Hospital   liy  generously   offering   to  attend    the 

Hospital  gratis  for  three  years. 

,     ,  As  soon  as  the  law  establishing  the  Hospital  and  granting  the  sum  of 

All  Anpropri-  ^  '  . 

:ition  and  :i  two  thousand  pounds  towards  the  founding,  building  and  furnishing  of 
Po|)ular  the  same  was  formulated  and  its  condition  made  known,  that  an  eipial 
Siibscription.  amount  must  be  subscribed  towards  the  capital  stock,  the  promoters 
of  the  design  promptly  set  on  foot  a  subscription,  which  in  a  short 
time  considerably  exceeded  the  amount  re(piired  by  the  Act  (^2751, 
i6x.  8^/).  The  subscriptions  varied  in  sums  from  one  jjound  to  two 
hundred  and  fifty,  the  latter  being  contributed  by  William  Allen, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Province,  but  for  the  most  part  this  amount  was 
made  up  of  sums  of  from  ten  to  thirty  pounds. 

The  earliest  and  first  gift  of  land,  about  four  acres,  located  in 
Northern  Liberties,  near  Philadelphia;  on  the  Germantown  Road, 
was  donated  September  2,  1751,  as  a  subscription  of  twenty-four 
pounds  by  a  German,  Matthias  Ko])lin,  who  was  accordingly  made  a 
Contributor.  His  quaintly-e.xpressed  communication  has  already 
been  quoted  (page  26). 

Owing  to  the  vigilance  and  constant  importunities  of  the  Man- 
agers, the  custom  was  introduced  into  the  community  of  contributing 
jury  fines,  contested  sums  of  money,  moneys  in  the  hands  of  trustees, 
assignees  and  other  sums  not  claimed.  Deceased  strangers'  effects 
and  valuables  were  also  turned  over  to  the  Hosi)ital  authorities,  the 
Managers  giving  bonds  to  protect  the  donors  and  others,  and  to 
indemnify  them  in  case  of  claim  from  heirs  who  might  appear  to 
demand  a  restitution. 


*By  Act  of  March  21,  1856,  the  limit  was  cxleiuled  to  150,000. 

366 


LEGACIES,  CONTRIBUTIONS,  AND  GRANTS  FROM  1751  TO  1894- 

The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  the  year  1751  up  to  the  present 
time,  has  received  numerous  sinns  of  money  from  various  sources. 
The  following  lists  of  Legacies,  Donations,  Contributions,  Special 
Deposits  and  Grants  include  the  amounts  received,  with  the  dates 
and  names  of  donors.  Those  persons  who  contributed  the  sum 
required  to  constitute  the  individual  a  member  of  the  Corporation, 
will  appear  in  a  se[)arate  "  T.isr  of  Contkihltors." 


LEGACIES. 

A 

1765 

I8I2 

Alibiiigton,  Susanna  P. 

I250 

00 

1S85 

'775 

.\bralianis.  Kiiocli   .    . 

S3 

33 

1814 

1873 

.^j^iiew,  John     .... 

1,425 

00 

1891 

1765 

.Allen,  Hannah      .    .    . 

26  67 

1817 

1761 

Allen,  Mary 

266  66 

1859 

1770 

.'\llison,  Robert    .    .    . 

266 

66 

1863 

1761 

Andrews,  Mary    .    .    . 

533  ii 

1785 

1796 

Armatt,  Ann  (j^'d-rent) 

1881 

1777 

Ash,  Caleb 

31 

iT, 

1769 

1803 

Ash,  Caleb         .... 

200 

00 

1890 

1776 

Ashbridge,  .Aaron   .    . 

80 

00 

1889 

1761 

Asiieton,  Marj^aret     . 

26 

67 

.S77 

1816 

Aston     George    .    .    . 

400 

00 

1847 

1794 

Attniore,  Caleb    .    .    . 

B 

66 

66 

1874 
1761 

1871 

Baird,  William  S.    -    . 

1,000 

00 

1806 

1857 
1.S72 
1821 

J761 

Baldwin,  John      .    .    . 

133 

ii 

1872 
1869 

Barrett,   Nathan  .    .    . 
Barton,  Isaac   .... 

95 
4,300 

00 
00 

1756 

Bavnton,  Peter    .    .    . 

26 

67 

1793 

1849 

Beck,  Paul,  Jr.,    .    .    . 

975 

00 

'775 
1867 
1886 
1884 
1877 

1765 

Benzel,  or  Bensill, 
George 

80 

00 

1773 

Bettle,  or  Biddle,  Wil- 

liam     ... 

66  66 

1893 

Biddle,    Mary    Living- 

1772 
1858 

ston  Cochran    .    .    . 

5,000 

00 

1878 

Biddle,  Thomas  S. 

1,000 

00 

1755 

18S7 

Binney,  Susan     .    .    . 

IO,OIX) 

00 

1759 
1819 

1807 

Blakey,  John    .... 

266 

66 

1843 

Blenan,  Pierre  .Antoine 

1.740 

00 

1873 

Boker,  Charles  S.    .    . 

490  50 

1832 
1770 
1820 

1891 

Boulden,    William    H. 

500 

00 

1766 

Bourneman,  Daniel    . 

16 

00 

1765 

Bouquet,  Gen'l  Henry 

106  66 

1858 

1873 
1820 

1803 

Bradford,  William  .    '. 

266  66 

1863 

Breck,  Samuel      .    .    . 

225 

62 

1770 

Bright,  James  .... 

So 

00 

1801 

1765 

Bromwich,  William     . 

53 

a 

.77. 
1769 
1811 

1864 

Brown,  Benneville    U. 

1,000 

00 

1765 

Brown,  Christopher    . 

1,585 

51 

1875 

Brown,  Mary  D.  .    .    . 

30,000 

00 

i860 

Butler,  Benjamin  F.  . 

Soo 

00 

1761 
1879 

c 

1773 

Cadwalader,  Jolin 

Roberts 

13 

a 

181 2 

1874 

Campbell,   St.    George 

'8.s6 

Tucker 

2,000 

00 

1 76 1 

Campbell,  Thomas 

$26  67 

Caull,  Frederick     . 

3,200  00 

Chancellor.  William 

I,<KJO   00 

Clapp,  Nathan  T.   . 

1 ,000  (X> 

Clark,  Hannah    .    . 

50   00 

Clark,  Jane   .... 

1,000   00 

Clark,  John  .... 

95  00 

Claypool,  Debor.ih 

266  66 

Coffin,  Arthur  (J. 

3,500  00 

Coleman,  William  . 

'.33  iT, 

Colhoun,  Jane  .Mien 

vifia^  26 

Colhoun,  Mary  Maria     26,756  00 

Collins,  Timothy  K. 

50  00 

Cook,  William  Wallace  385, 000  00 

Cooper,  Esther  L.  . 

2,000  00 

Cooper,  Rebecca     . 

,53  ii 

Cooper,  M.U.,  Samuel     2,415  76 

Cope,  Jasper    .    . 

5,000  00 

Cope,  William  D.    . 

5,000  00 

Correy,  Robert    .    . 

500  00 

Coultas,  James    .    . 

266  66 

Co.\,  Isaac     .... 

^i2<  ii 

Cozzens,  George     . 

4.S7  31 

Craig,  George  .    .    . 

476  25 

Crammoud,  Heiu'y 

37,692  71 

Creighton,  Eliza  H. 

95  00 

Cress,  Charles  ,    .    . 

400  00 

Cresson,  Elliott  .    . 

5.728  84 

Crosby,  Joshua    .    . 

266  66 

Croyder,  Henry  .    . 

KJO   00 

Curren,  Nathaniel  . 

^i?,  .33 

D 

Dale,  Dorothy      .    . 

390  00 

Davis,  John  .... 

1.33  .33 

Dawson,  Elizabeth 

lotj  00 

Dawson,  Josiah   .    . 

27, soo  00 

Dawson,  Mordecai   L.      5,o<x)  00 

Dawson,  William    . 

100  00 

Dawson,  William,    J 

^:-.7s  :■,?< 

Deacon,  Gilbert  .    . 

26  6- 

Delage,   Peter  .    .    . 

106  66 

Dencla,  or  Denckla, 

Christian  H.     .    . 

200  00 

De  Normandie.  Daniel         133   1,}, 

l)erl)vshire.  .\le.\aMil 

•rj. 

(Unsettled  Estate.) 

Deschamp,  John 

500  00 

Dickinson,  Sallv  N. 

JfK)   00 

Dicks,  Peter     .    .    . 

^ii  33 

367 


177°  DoUKlierty,  Mary    . 

i!k)8  Doz,  Andrt-w    .    .    . 

1890  Uraki',  Thomas  .    . 

1766  Drasoii,  Mattliiw 

1863  nrL-xfl,  Kraniis  M. 

18S0  Drown,  William  A. 

1774  Diibre,  Jacob   .    .    . 

17S2  l)ucli6,  Esther     .    . 

i»7i  Duhring,  Hiiirv  .    . 

1878  IJiinbar,  Klon.      .    . 


1775  Edel,  Christian    . 

1767  Enilen,   Hudson  . 

1771  Enikn,  Racliil  . 
1800  Enikn,  Sainuil  . 
1806  Emlcn,  Saimn.1  . 
1854  Ely,  Joseph  .  .  . 
1877  Etting,  Henry  .  . 
1824  Evans,  John  C.    . 

F 

1808  Falconer,    Capt. 
Nathaniel  .    .    . 

1815  Falconer.  Sarah  . 

1877  Farnnni,  John  .    . 

1853  Fielding,  Rolnrt 

1864  Fisher,  Joseph 

1810  Fisher,  Thomas  . 

1789  Flemming,  Kuhert 

1888  Flickwir,    Ilaimah 

1821  Fothcrgill,  Antliony 

1800  Fuller,  Benjamin 

G 

1869  Gaul,  William  .  . 
1817  Ged,  Margery  .  . 
1873  George,  Jesse  .  . 
1808  George,  Thomas 
1832  Girard,  Stephen  . 
1875  Glenn,  W.    U.  .    . 

1882  Godon,  Svlvanus 

William'  .    .    . 

1861  Grandom,  Hart  . 

1828  Grandom,  John    . 

1883  Greble,  Edwin     . 

1772  Greenleafe,  Isaac 

1871  (Jreeves,  James  R. 
1762  Griffin,  Thomas  . 

1870  Grigg,  John  W.  . 
1772  Gross,  Michael 

1872  Grove,  George  W. 
1765  (irubb,  Samuel 
183s  Guest,  Ann    .    .    . 

H 

1824  Haga,  Godfrey    . 

1795  Haines,  Margaret 

1795  Haines,  Reuben  . 

1867  Harding.  John,  Jr. 

1886  Harris.  Frederick 

1866  Harris,  Mary  Ann 
1769  Harrison.  Charles 
1877     Hart,  William  H. 

1815  Harvev,  Isaac  .  . 
1882     Hay,  Hannah  . 

1816  Herbert.  Lawrence 


S13  33 

5,028  89 

5,000  00 

66  66 

900  00 

500  00 

'33  33 

'33  33 

100  00 

8,469  10 


'3  .^3 
106  66 

'33  33 
746  67 
266  66 

3,75«  "o 
285  00 
400  00 


'33  33 

80  00 

25,000  00 

6,573  95 
44,587  66 

UK)   00 

487  66 

5,000  000 

100  00 

400  00 


150  00 
300  00 

36,365  00 
200  00 

29,2,';o  00 
4,o<X)  00 

113,954  39 
5,CKX)  00 
2,925  00 

237  50 

266  6g 

950  00 

26  67 

47,500  00 

36  00 

5,000  00 

'33  33 

487  .so 


1  ,(MK>    *K> 

266  66 

266  66 

1,000  00 

4,000  00 

800  00 

2,040  00 

2,000  00 

1,200  00 

15,000  00 

1,200  00 


1869  Hertzog,  Ann   .... 

1822  Hewes.  Josiah  .... 

1769  Hill.  Edward  .  .  . 
1765  Hindniarsh,  Elizabeth 
1884  Hobson,  Eliza  .... 
iSf>s  lloUingsworth,  I.  Ci. 
1866  Hood,  Nathaniel  I'.  . 
1887  Hopkins.  James  .  . 
181 1  Howell.  Samuel  .    .    . 

1770  Hulbert.  Philip    .    .    . 
1836  Huinpton.or  Hampton, 

Elizabeth 

17S5  Hutchison.  Michael    . 

1 

1893  Ihrie.  Anna  M.      ... 


S2 

,<kS3  98 
,200  00 
266  66 

■ 

'3  33 

,9<»  00 
100  00 

5' 

,445  72 

100  00 

266  67 

53  33 

61  25 
133  33 

2.3''<'*  3' 


1770  Jacobs,  Mary  .  26  67 
1893  Jeanes,  William  C.      .  25, (xx)  00 

1869  Jennings,  Mrs.  N.  S.  .  120  00 
1768  Johnson.  Richard    .    .  133  .33 

1761  Jones.  John 871    II 

1875  Jones.  John  H.     .    .    .  10,04454 

K 

1808  Keble,  John 27.951   73 

1771  Kelnier.  (.'onrad  ...  26  67 
1S81  Kilpatrick,    Catherine 

J 7,024  39 

1870  Kirkham,  William  .  .  200  00 
1801  Knight,  Peter  ....  5,13  33 
1803  Kno.v,   Robert  ....  266  66 


1S61 
1882 
1870 
1 886 

1764 
1892 

'775 
1823 

'799 

'H57 
1795 
1877 
1888 
1803 
1776 

'793 
1778 
1796 
1782 
1823 
180S 


'79' 
'774 

1762 

1820 
1801 


I.aguerrenne,  P.  L.     .  itx)  00 

Lardner,  Perot    .    .    .  5,000  00 

Latimer,  Margaret      .  5,000  ix) 

Lawrence,  Joshua  C.  .  4,57'  50 

Lawrence.  Mahlon  292  50 

Leacock.  William    .    .  456  70 

Lennig,  Charles  .    .    .  13,835  00 

Lewis,  Jacob     .    .        .  225  00 

Lew  is.  Margaretta  S.  2.850  00 

Lewis.  Mordecai      .    .  266  67 

Lewis,  Robert  M.    .    .  975  <X) 

Lewis,  Samuel     .    .    .  266  66 

Livezey,  John  ....  10,000  00 

Loeb,  Jacob 1,00000 

Logan,  James  ....  1,33333 

Logan,  William   .    .    .  266  66 

LoUar,  Robert     ...  26  67 

Loveday,  Mary        .    .  133  33 

Lownes,  Hannah  26  67 

Lownes,  Joseph  ...  26  67 

Lownes,  Josiah    .    .    .  500  00 

Ludwick,  Christopher  266  67 

MC 

McCalla,  Lucia  L.  .    .  88  87 
McClane  or  McLean, 

Archibald 26  67 

McCullough  or  McCul- 

lock,  James    ....  23  91 

McCullough,  Sarah     .  26  67 

McGuire,  P.atrick    .    .  278  48 


368 


1794 
iHiS 
1871 

■765 
1.S69 
1882 
1766 
187, 
■765 

i«59 

1879 

177S 
1816 
1823 
1813 
i860 
1800 

i«55 

180-1 

1776 

788 

1775 
1769 
1844 


1774 
1791 
1886 
1807 

1763 
1769 
1872 
1868 


1S07 
1884 
1772 
1870 
1767 

1862 
1864 

■S33 
1791 
1796 
185s 
1852 
1869 
1791 
1812 
1795 
1867 

187. 
1890 
1887 
187, 
1867 

■834 
1840 


M 

Major,  Alexander   .    . 
Marriatt,  Sarah    .    .    . 
Marshall.  Benjamin 
Marshall,  Joseph     .    . 

Mean,  Joliii 

Mercer,  Alexander  G.' 
Merkle,  Frederick  .  . 
Merrick,  Samuel  V.  . 
Mickle,  Samuel  .  .  . 
Miller,  Abraham  .  . 
Miller.  John  S.  .  .  . 
Mitchell,  William  .  . 
Montgomery,  Robert 
Moody,  Moses  B.  .  . 
Moore,  Sarah  .... 
Morris,  Catharine  W. 
Morris,  Deborah  .  . 
Morris,  Jacob  G.  .  . 
Morris,  Mary  .... 
Morris,  Sarah  .... 
Morton,  Robert  .  .  . 
Morton,  Samuel  .  .  . 
Murphy,  Daniel  .  .  . 
Murray,  John   .... 

N 

Neave,  Samuel  .  .  . 
Nedrow,  Thomas    .    . 

Neill,  John   L 

Nicholes,  Charles    .    . 
Nicholson,  Content 
Norris,  Isaac    .... 
Norton,  Charles  .    .    . 
Nunes,  Abram  J.     .    . 

o 

Oakmau,  Isaac'   .    .    . 
Ogle,  Catharine  . 
Opertany,  ."^nna  Maria 
Ord,  George  B.    .    .    . 
Owen,  George     .    .    . 

P 

Palethorpe,  J.  H.  .  . 
Parke,  Hannah  .  .  . 
Parke,  Thomas  .  .  . 
Parrach,  Sarah  .  .  . 
Paschal  1,  Thomas   .    . 

Paul,  John 

Pea,  John 

Pearson,  Davis    .    .    . 
Pemberton,  Esther 
Pemberton,  John     .    . 
Pennell,  Joseph   .    .    . 
Pennock,   Casper  W., 

M.  D 

Penrose,  James  .  .  . 
Pepper,  George  S.  .  . 
Pepper,  Lawrence  S. 
Perot,  Charles  .... 
Perot,  Kdward  .  .  . 
Perot,  Klliston  .  .  . 
Perot,  John 


$26  67 

1 

* 

66  66 

I 

1,000 

00 

I 

'3.3 

33 

I 

266  66 

I 

29 

46 

250 

00 

66  66 

I 

'6,393 

06 

9,500 

00 

133 

33 

1. 000 

00 

I 

'.559 

40 

1,205 

33 

190 

00 

I 

1,222 

22 

507 

50 

133 

33 

66  66 

^33 

33 

133 

33 

8 

00 

50 

00 

',033 

33 

66  66 

5.400 

00 

5,000 

00 

66  66 

266  66 

200 

00 

3,225 

12 

I 

438 

6S 

1 

168 

75 

25.730 

68 

133 

33 

100 

00 

' 

3.800 

00 

598 

00 

800 

00 

106  66 

975 

00 

1.457 

37 

300 

00 

'.« 

33 

'33 

33 

66  66 

1,000 

00 

133 

33 

55,125 

00 

2,500 

00 

1,000 

00 

1,000 

00 

100 

00 

100 

00 

I77I 
92 

1870 

1864 
1874 
1854 
1776 

1828 

1847 
IS8I 


'774 
1877 
1761 
1800 
1889 
1770 
1866 
1766 

'873 
1809 
1804 
1765 
1767 
1771 
1810 
1870 
1876 
1S90 
1796 
1880 
1877 


1878 
1883 
1827 
'774 
1758 
1766 

1792 
1829 
1884 
1878 
1805 
1 88 1 
1878 
1830 

1893 
1883 
1 861 
1893 
799 
1793 
1888 

1878 

1798 
1,889 

'875 
181 1 
1761 


Peters,  John      .    .  . 

Phillii)S,  Kllen'     .  . 

Phipps,  Sarah  .    .  . 

Pierpont,  i'rancis  . 
Pleasants,  H,  M.  D. 

Plumstead,  Mary  . 

Potts,  Miriam   .  '.  . 

Powell,  Martha    .  . 

Price,  Joseph        .  . 

Price,  Susan  W.  .  . 


Rakestraw,  William  . 
Raquet,  Catharine  T 
Rawle,  Francis    . 
Reeve,  Peter     .    .    .    . 
Richards,  Elizabeth  J 
Richardson,  Joseph 
Richardson,     Williai 
Rightlinger,  Jacob  . 
Roberts,  Edward    . 
Roberts,  Hugh    .    . 
Roberts,  John  .    .    . 
Robeson,  Rudman 
Robinson,  Septimus 
Robinson,  Thomas 

Roche,  L 

Rogers,  Evans     .    . 
Ross,  Anna  Cox 
Ruebsam,  Anne  M. 
Rundle,  Daniel 
Rush,  p:ilza  M.     .    . 
Rush,  Elizabeth  F. 


$26  67 
8,000  00 

200  00 

3,834  00 

95  00 

'33  33 
26  67 

585  00 
1,000  00 
3,000  00 


53  33 
950  00 

133  33 

'33  33 

10,000  00 

266  66 

890  00 

121  93 

4,750  00 

266  66 

'33  33 

533  33 

'33  33 

'33  33 

266  66 

952  50 

2,000  00 

4,606  23 

666  66 

1,059  62 

2,000  00 


Sager,  Ailelaide  .    .    .  500  00 

Sager,  Catharines.    .  1,125  66 

Sanson),  Joseph   .    .    .  487  50 

Sanson!,  Samuel      .    .  80  00 

Sauer.  Christopher  53  33 
Saunderson. 

Christopher  ....  26  66 

Scott,  Sanmel  ....  81  86 

Scotten,  Samuel,     .    .  196  67 

Seybert,  Henry    .    .    .  2,000,00 

Shaw,  Thompson  L.  .  475  00 

SheatT,  William    .    .    .  300  00 

Shields,  Mary      .'  .    .  95,310  47 

Siegar,  Peter    ....  4,103  33 

Siemen,  Paul    ....  1,950  00 

Sinies,  William  F.  .    .  5.083  33 

Simmons,   Edwartl    S.  4,750  00 

Simmons,    Samuel    R.  5,000  00 

Simpson,  James  .    .    .  2,500  00 

Sims.  Buckridge     .    .  266  67 

Smith,  James  C.  .  .  .  3,000  00 
Smith,  Mary  Rebecca 

Darby 1,201  49 

Smith,  Pennell     .    .    .  1,000  00 

Smith,  Resolve        .    .  533  33 

Smith,  William  B.  .    .  95  00 

Sparks,  Thomas      .    .  1,900  00 

Sprague,  Esther      .    .  848  13 

Spring,  Richard  ...  98  35 


*  Residuar>'  bequest. 

=■$5000  for  "  Henry  M.  Phillips* 


Free  Bed. 


369 


1766 

Stanly,  Mary        .    . 

$66  66 

'783 

'77' 

Slaiitiin,   Danifl  .    . 

26  66 

1892 

1 874 

Stcvinsun.  William 

5,000  00 

1871 

'794 

Stoops.  Janus  . 

1,8893' 

'754 

.S74 

Stout,  Htnry  J.    .    • 

25,€X>0  00 

18X9 

'77' 

Stoiil,  Jr)St*i>h    .    .    . 

26  66 

1810 

17-2 

Strcttcll,  Ann 

53  33 

1890 

T 

'«75 
'815 

1890 

Taylor,  Charles  .    . 

.       9.500  00 

i8o» 

i8«7 

Temple,  Joseph  K. 

■•1.525  50 

1804 

1819 

Thomas,  Dinah    .    . 

>c  00 

1772 

'856 

Thomas,  John  R.     . 

I, 000  00 

1805 

1818 

Thomas.  Margaret  . 

'.«  33 

1767 

1810 

Topi  ill,  Thomas       . 

"37  33 

I,S88 

I&OO 

Toplitl.  William  .    . 

330  67 

1867 

1772 

Turner,  Peter  .    .    . 

266  66 

1767 

'774 

Turner,  Thomas 

400  00 

'774 

V 

1892 
■  765 

1891 

Vance,  John  M.    .    . 

4.772  41 

■797 

1870 

Vau.x,  Eliza  H.    .    . 

1,000  00 

1802 

'883 

Vaux,  William  S.    . 

1,000  00 

'797 

W 

'«93 

1870 

'774 

1828 

Wachsmuth,  John 

Gottfried    .    .    .    . 

1,950  00 

1862 

1885 

Wagner,  Mary     .    . 

1,000  00 

1885 

Wanner,  Tobias  .    . 

10,914  78 

'763 

WasRoner,     Abrah: 

"1          53  33 

'757 

1886 

Walley,  Samuel  C. 

6,200  95 

1792 

i860 

Walley,  Samuel  Ste 

ele' 

1879 

W.ill.  J..hn     ... 
Wain,  A.  I.isle     .    . 
Walton,  Samuel  .    . 
Warner,  Kilward     . 
Warner,    William  Jr 
Welch,  William    . 
Welsh,  Sanniel     .    . 
Wetherill.  (Jeor^e     I 
Wharlon,  Chamltss 
Wharton,  Kaihel    . 
Wharton.  William  . 
White.  William    .    . 
Wickoir.  I'eter     .    . 
Williams.  Stephen 
Williamson,    Isaiah  V' 
Williamson,  Thomas 
Wilson,  Roljert    .    . 
Wilson,  William  Y. 
Wilstach,  Anna  II. 
Wilt,  Christoplur    . 
Wistar,  Bartliiilumeu 
Wistar,  William  . 
Wistar,  John,  ,^(l. 
Wister.  ("harlis   . 
Wood,  Richard  D 
Wood,  William    . 
Wright,  John    .    . 

z 

Zachary,  Lloy<l,  M.  I) 
Zane,  Jonathan 
Zane,  Sarah 


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CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  HOSPITAL, 
FROAV  1751  TO  18(34. 


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1859 
1848 
1781 
i860 
1758 
1758 
1769 
1758 
1867 
'759 
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1754 
1772 
1851 
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1760 
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1781 


Abbott,  Cleorge   . 
Abbott,  John     .    . 
Adams,  Samuel  C. 
Adcock,  William 
Aertson,  Miss  .    . 
Ajje,  Michael 
Akings,  John    .    . 
Alberti,  Philip  .    . 
Ale.\ander,  James 
Allen,  Charles  J. 
Allen,  Capt.  David 
Allen,  John  R.      . 
Allen,  Nathaniel 
Allen,  Nehemiah 
Allibone,  Samual 
Alricks,  William 
Anablc,  Miss    .    . 
Angus,  Capt.  John 
Anonymous  .    .    . 
Apple,   Henry  .    . 
Archer  &  Warner 
Arell,  Richard 
Armat,  Thomas  . 
Ash,  Caleb    .    .    . 


Si  00 

10  00 

10  00 

I  00 

I  00 
4  80 

1  66 
10  16 

2  66 

25  00 

13  33 
10  00 

14  00 

14  10 

10  00 

4  00 

5  00 

6  00 

15  00 

2  00 

20  00 
2  26 

I  00 
4  67 

1 78 1  Ashbridge,  Aaron 

1867  Ashton,  Isaac  M. 

I7,s8  Assessors  of    Philada 

'785  Aston,  George  .    . 

1781  Attniore,  Caleb    . 

1781  Austin,  Isaac    .    . 

1848  Axford,  Kdw.  J.  . 

1848  Axworthv,  Thomas 

1865  "A"  .  :  .  .  . 

1S49  "A,  H,  C"    .    .    . 


i860 
1781 
'785 
1781 
17S1 
1761 
1861 
'8,S9 
1787 
1846 
i8,S9 
1816 


B 

Bacon,  H.  H 

Bailey,  Francis    .    .    . 
Baker,  Christopher 

Baker,  John 

Baker,  Samuel 
Baldwin,  John  .... 
Barcrolt,  Mrs.  S.  B.    . 

Barker,  Mrs 

Bartram,  Isaac  &  Moses 
Baxter,  Isaac  B.  .        . 
Bayarcl,  Mrs.  James    . 
Beck,  Paul  &  Cornelius 
(irinnell 


J2  00 
10  00 
29  88 
10  66 
18  00 

3  33 

18  50 

I  00 

I  00 

1  00 


5  00 

3  00 

2  00 

3  00 
2  00 

9  33 
25  00 

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3'  69 

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570 


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Benezet  &  Baclimai 

1  .            S4 

00 

1848 

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Betiezet,  Jolin  .    .    . 

23 

26 

1781 

1865 

Benson,  Edward  W 

10 

00 

1848 

1859 

Benson,  M.  G.  .    .    . 

10 

00 

■859 

1781 

Bevan,  Davis    .    .    . 

4 

00 

i860 

1755 

Bickerdike,  Esther 

10 

66 

1859 

i860 

Biddle,  Miss  A.  E.  . 

25 

00 

i860 

1775 

Biddlr.  Owen   .    .    . 

10 

66 

IS6.J 

1785 

Billin^ton,  Thomas 

2 

00 

i860 

1781 

Blackiston,  Priestly 

I 

00 

1758 

1754 

Blakey.  John     .    .    . 

2 

66 

1781 

1781 

Blane,  Ephraini   .    . 

9  33 

1785 

i860 

Bodine,  Samuel  J.  . 

20 

00 

1753 

1859 

Bosgs  &  Kirk  .    .    . 

25 

00 

1764 

1849 

Bostwick,  H.  N.  .    . 

20 

00 

1757 

1757 

Bolide,  Thomas    .    . 

4 

26 

■775 

1773 

Bowers,   Benjamin 

9 

06 

i860 

1785 

Bovd,  James      .    .    . 

2 

66 

i860 

1859 

Boyd,  Miss    .    .    . 

20 

00 

1774 

1852 

Bovd,  William  A.    . 

5 

00 

i860 

1848 

Boyd,  William  J.     . 

5 

00 

1821 

1764 

Bradford,  Corneliu 

S  .                  II 

73 

1867 

1771 

Bradford,  W.  cSt  Th 

OS.                 3 

33 

1781 

i860 

Brewster.  Benjamin 

H.           25 

00 

1781 

1755 

Britton,   Benjamin 

13 

33 

1859 

1763 

Brosins,  Nicholas 

4 

80 

1808 

i860 

Brown,  Mrs.  I).  G. 

25 

00 

1859 

1859 

Brown,  David  Paul 

5 

00 

i86o 

i860 

Brown,  Miss  Fann\ 

10 

00 

1764 

1768 

Brown,  Jacob    .    . 

13 

33 

1781 

1769 

Brown,  John      .    . 

13 

33 

1848 

1781 

Brown.  John     .    . 

6 

00 

1848 

1785 

Brown,  Mary    .    . 

2 

66 

1781 

i860 

Brown,  Mary  H. 

10 

00 

1786 

1781 

Buddeii.  James    . 

4 

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i860 

1756 

Bui  ley,  Robert     . 

16 

36 

1778 

1761 

Bunting,  Capt.  Sam 

uel            13 

33 

1754 

1859 

Buplani,  Mrs.  S.  . 

S 

00 

1848 

1S48 

Burk. John    .    .    . 

I 

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1761 

17.S8 

Burkeloe,  Samuel 

5 

33 

1785 

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Burkham,  George 

3 

00 

1775 

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Burr,  U.S.    .    .    . 

2 

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I7S5 

Burr,  John     .    .    . 

5 

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1S60 

Burrous^h.  Mrs.    . 

5 

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1859 

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Busbv,  Mrs.  .    .    . 

5 

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1859 

1S59 

Busby,  E.  H.    .    . 

5 

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1757 

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Busby,  George 

5 

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i860 

1859 

Busbv,  John      .    . 

5 

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1769 

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Busbv,  J.  L.  .    .    . 

I 

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Bussier,  Mrs.  D.  P. 

10 

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Byerly,  Jacob  .    . 

'3 

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1781 

Byrnes,  Patrick  . 

3 

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17.S6 

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i860 

Campbell,  Mrs.  Jas 

R.           10 

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i860 

1848 

Canby  &  Son,  C. 

7 

50 

1785 

i860 

Canby,  Samuel    . 

5 

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i8.i9 

1781 

Caner,  Michael    . 

4 

00 

17S1 

i860 

Carl,  S.  H.    ... 

5 

00 

1 78 1 

1756 

Carmick,  Stephen 

18 

00 

1763 

i8'7 

Carney,  Hagan    . 

20 

00 

1754 

1857 

Carney,  Maria     . 

lO 

00 

1S60 

1785 

Carroll,  Thomas  . 

3 

00 

1761 

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Carrol,  Thomas  . 

13 

33 

1749 

1759 

Carson,  John    .    . 

16 

00 

1 781 

Cash 

Cathringer.  John  .  . 
t:haiiley,  W.  S.  .  .  . 
Chauncev,  Miss  II.  . 
Claghorn,    Mrs.  J.  W. 

Clapier,  Mrs 

Clark,  Edward  S.  .  . 
Clark,  Mrs.    Ewd.    W. 

C:iark.  S.    B 

Clark,  William  .  .  . 
Clarkson.Gerardus,  M.D. 
Cla\'p(Mil,  George  .  . 
Ciem,  William  .  .  . 
Clifton,  Henry  .  .  . 
Cline,  Matthias  .  .  . 
Coates,  Lindsay  .    .    . 

Code,  F.  P 

Coleman,  Mrs.   James 
Coleman.  Joseph      .    . 
Coleman,  Mrs.  Edward 
Colhoun,  Hugh    .    .    . 
Collins,  Alfred  M.    .    , 
Cooper,  George   .    .    . 
Cooper,  Harrison    . 
Cooper,  Miss  II.      .    . 
Cooper,  Samuel  .    . 
Cooper,  William 

Cope,  E.  W 

Cope,  George  Adam 
Copperthwaite,  Samuel 
Cornelius  &  Co.  .    . 
Cornelius,  Robert   , 
Correy,  Robert    .    . 
Cottringer,  John  . 
Cowell,  John  F.    . 
Cowper,  William 
Craddock,  William 
Craig  &  Bellas  .    .    . 
Craig,  James     .    .    . 
Craig,  James,  Jr. 
Crawford  &Carinichael 
Crawford,  H.    .    . 
Cresson,  M.  A.     . 
Cresson,  R.  G.     .    . 
Cresson,  S.  L.  .    . 
Cross,  Robert   .    .    . 
Crowell,  Dr.      .    .    . 
Cruzen,  Henrv    .    . 
Curry,  W.  H.'.    . 

D 

Darlington,  E.  B.    . 
Davidson,  James 
Davis,  John  .... 
Davis,  Joseph   .    .    . 
Davis,  Thomas     .    . 

Davis,  W 

Dawson,  Michael     . 
Defoii,  Thomas  S.  . 
DeHaas.John  Philip 
Dennis.  Richaril  .    . 
DeXnrmandie.  .Anthony 
Deshler,  Anthony   . 
Destanet,  S.  .    .  '.    . 
Dewar,  Capt.  David 
Dick,  John     .... 
Dillwtirth,  Jonathan 


$2 

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2 

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5 

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5 

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25 

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1S60 
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1 781 
1848 
1S48 
1781 
1781 
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1817 

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1849 

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Dixon,  Joliii 

Dorscv.  Lfoiiard     .    . 
Dorsiy,  R.ilit   R.,  M.  I). 
Dounlurty.  Dennis 
Doiinbi-rty,  Janus  K. 
Dounl'irty.  Mary    .    . 
I  )o\viicr,  jacol*     .    . 
Drinker,  Httirv.  Jr. 
Drysdalc-,  \V. 
Duncan,  John 
Duiilap,  Janus 
Dunlap,  William     . 
Dunsaii,  K. ,  and  otiicrs 


Earl,  Mrs.  Harrison  . 
Karp,  Miss  Hannah  R. 
Harp.  RdlK-rl    .... 

Kl.y,  K.  C 

Kckirt,  Adams        .    . 
Kckfilt,  A.  &J.  R.  .    . 
Kdwards,  Alc.vandir 
Kldridnf.  Jflui     .    .    . 
KlIrLth,  Marv  . 
Kly,  Miss  .    .    . 
Ennlis,  Samuel 
Kvans,  Cadwalader,  Dr 
Evans,  Evan     .... 
Evans,  Issachar  . 
Evans.  Peter    .    . 
Evans  &  Son    .    . 
Evans,  Thomas  . 
Ewald,  Charles    . 
E.  A.  L 


'785 
'79' 
1767 

'S59 


Fell.  Mrs.  J.  (.. 
Fell,  Miss  Mary  \V. 

Fennel,  W 

Fernerson,  Mrs.  Chas. 

Ferfjerson,  F 

Fisher  it  Fo.\  .... 
Fisher,  Joseph  .  .  . 
Fisher,  Mrs.  Sally  .  . 
Fisher,  Miss      .... 

Finlev  &  Co 

Firth;  T 

Fitting,  Caspar  .  .  . 
Fitzsiininons,  Thomas 

Folvvell,  C.  S 

Foster,  Francis  .  .  . 
Fox,  Edward  .... 
Fox,  Joseph  M.  .  .  . 
Foxcriift.  Thomas  .    . 

Fraley,  J.  E 

Fraley.  John  V.  .  .  . 
Franklin,  Renjamin  . 
Franklin,  Thomas  .  . 
Friend,  to  Libraries  for 

Insane     

Fries,  Phineas  .  .  . 
Fuller,  Iknjamin     .    . 

G 

Gallaudet,  Peter  \Vm. 
Garaud,  Jacob  .  .  . 
Gardner,  William  .  . 
Garrett,  Thomas  E.    . 


$'i  33 

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6  69 

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1 781 

Garrison,  David  R. 
Geisse,  Miss  Seville 
(iennnill,  Jas.  R. 

Gemrin,  J.  II 

(iilchrisl,  McAuley  & 

Gill,  John 

GillespU',  Margaret 
Gillespie,  Mrs.  Wni 
Glasgow,  Peter    .    . 

Glenn,  Mr 

Goddard,  J.  H.      .    . 
Goodman,  John   .    . 
(foodwin.  IMiu-be 
Graff,  Miss     .... 
Graff,  MissC.    .    .    . 
Graham,  William    . 
Gratz,  Mrs.  Robert  H 
Graves,  John    .    .    . 
(;rav,   Fletcher,  «:  C 
(irijJK  Jt  Elliott    .    . 
Guest,  George     .    . 
Guillinard,  Dr.     .    . 
Gnillou.  Rene  .    .    . 
Gurnev  &  Co.,  Francis 
G.  W.  F 

H 

Hacker,  George  .    . 
Haines,  Isaiah  .    .    . 
Haines,  Robert  B.    . 
Hales,  Esther  .    .    . 
Hall,  WashiiiKlon    . 
I  lalldalK-.  Janus 
Hamilton,  Gavin 
Han  key,  (iodlrey    . 
Hanlin,  Alfred     .    . 
HartliiiK,  John,  Jr. 
Harding,  Robert 
Hare,  Robert    .    .    . 
HaiTison,  John     .    . 
Harrison.  Joseph 
Hart,  J.  H.  .t  W.  B. 
Hartley  &  Knight   . 
Hastings,  Samuel   . 
Haynes,  Robert  .    . 
Hays,  George  .    .    . 
Heifenstein,  S.     .    . 
Hempfield,   Thomas 
Herbert,  Laurence 
Herkncss,  A.  M. 
Hewes,  Caleb  .    .    . 
Hicks,  Augustine   . 
Hicks,  Nicliolas  .    . 
Hill,  George  W.      . 
Hildebrun,  William 
Hillery  &  Abbott    . 
Hinton,  William 
Hitchcock,    Allen    «c 

Carver 

Hodge,  Andrew  .  . 
Hodge,  Mrs.  M.  E. 
Hodge,  William  .  . 
Holland,  Mr.  .  .  . 
Hollowell,  Hannah 
Holsman  Mr.    .    .    . 

Hone,  Mrs 

Hood,  S 

Hopkins,  John  Jr.    . 


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17S1  Hopkins,   Ricliaril  .    . 

1S60  Hopper,  Tliimias  C.   . 

1859  Horner,  IVIr.  A.     .    .    . 

1848  Honscli.  Robert    .    ,    . 

i860  Huber,  James  S.      .    . 

17.S4  Huddle,  Joseph   .    .    . 

1781  Huddle,  Joseph    .    . 

i860  Huddv,  B.  F 

I7,s6  Hulbert,  Pliih])    .    .    . 

1781  Huniplireys,  Benjamin 

1781  Humphreys,  Caleb     . 

T7S1  Humphreys  & 

Howell 

1781  Humphreys,  J.,  Jr.,    . 

i860  Hunter,  Mary       ... 

1781  Hutchinson,  Mahlou  . 

1859  H.  r;.  \V 

1 

1781  Inglis,  Samuel       .    . 

1786  Irvin,  James  ... 

1781  Irwin,  Thomas     .    .    . 

J 

1781  Jackson,  Dr 

1781  Jackson.  William    . 

1859  Jacobs,  Mrs.  C.  S.    .    . 

1,62  Jacobs,  Joseph      .    . 

1 781  Jacoby,  Leonard 

1859  James,  Mrs 

1768  James,  James       .    . 

i860  Janney,  B 

1758  Janvier,   Isaac  .... 

1762  Janvier,  Thomas      .    . 

1781  Jenkins,  Mary  ... 

1774  Jervis,  Charles     .    .    . 

1758  Jervis,  John 

1754  Jervis,  Thomas     .    . 

i860  Jessup,  Mrs 

1848  Johnson,  George      .    . 

i860  Johnson,  Mary     .    .    . 

1867  Johnson,    Mrs.    M.  W. 

1848  Johnson,  Robert 

176,3  Jolly,  Charles  .... 

184S  Jones,  Edward  M.  .    . 

1 781  Jones,  Ezra 

1848  Jones,  James 

1768  Jones,  John 

1848  Jones,  Jolin 

1780  Jones,  John  M.  I).,  .    . 

17.58  Jones,  Owen     ... 
17S1  Jones,  Peter      .... 
1772  Jones,  Robert  Strettell 
1848  Jordan,  John     ... 

i860  J.  B.  Miss 

i860  I.  R.  L 

186s  j.  S.  W 

1867  J.   P.  S.   and   H.  J.    M. 

K 

17S1  Kean,  Jolm 

1848  Kearney,    Hugh  .    .    . 

1816  Keating,  Lambert  .    . 

1848  Kelly,  \V.  n 

1S48  Kennedy,  William   M. 

18.59  Kenney,  John  B.      .    . 

1781  Keutzing,  .\lirahain    . 
1774  Kepple.  Jr.,  Henry     . 


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i860 

1867 

1781 

4  66 

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24  00 

1848 

6  00 

1786 

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1771 

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1781 

6  80 

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4  00 

1849 

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1781 

5  46 

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19  46 

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16  00 

1761 

18  48 

14  44 

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12  1,3 

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22  40 

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1764 

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1767 

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1766 

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1754 

5  00 

1779 

10  00 

1786 

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1762 

1781 

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10  00 

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1781 

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i860 

10  00 

i860 

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i860 

10  66 

1  1781 

Kern,  Mrs.  William  H 
Kirkpatrick,  J.  T. 
Kitchen,  William  R.  . 
Klemm,   Frederick  A. 
Knight,  Davis  .... 
Kno.K,   Robert  ... 
Knhn,  Jr.,   Hartnian 
Kuhn,  Peter 
K.  J.  I).  I..,  Mrs.      . 

M 
Macalcster,  Miss  Lily 
Macaley,  Jolm  .... 
Mackey,  James  B.  .    . 
March,  Benjamin  C). 

Maris,  T.  R'. 

Martin,  Mrs.  O.    .    . 
Mason,  James  S. 
Matlack  White     .    . 
Matlack,  Sarah  .Ann 
.McCalla,  .Anna     .    . 
McCalla,  Belle      .    .    . 
McCalla,  Charles    .    . 
McClenachan  iS:  Moore 

McCrea,  J 

McCubbin,  James  .  . 
McCulloch,  Ur.  .  .  . 
McCullough,  J.  .  .  , 
McOonough,  A.    .    .    . 

McElroN',  A 

McHugii,  Mr 

McNeill  &  Co.,  P. 
McSparran,  .Archibahl 
Mead,  Cieorge  .... 
Mease,  James  ... 
Melchor,  Waggoner  ^S: 

Co 

Mellor  iSc  Ritteuhouse  . 
Meyers,  H,  M. 
Meyers,  Martin  Jr.     . 
Middleton,  Isabella 
Middleton,  Lvdia 
Mifflin  iNc  Butler 
Miles,  Edward     .    . 
Miller,  Charles     .    . 
Miller,  Hannah    .    . 
Miller,  John  .... 
Miller,  lolm  C.     .    . 

Miller,  P 

MiUigan,  James    .    . 
Minshall  &  Jacob    . 
Minshall,  Thomas   . 
Mitcliell,  Abr.iham 
Mitchell,  p;dward    . 
Mitchell,  John  .    .    . 
Mitchell,  John  .    .    . 
Mitchell.  J.  B.  .    .    . 
Mock,  John    .... 
Montgomery,  John 
MontmuUin,  .Adelaic 
Moore,  .Allen     .    .    . 
Moore,  John  .... 
Moore,  Mary     .    .    . 
Morris,  Deborah 
Morris,  Mrs.  E.  H. 
Morris,  Hannah  E. 
Morris,  Mrs.  Isaac 
Morris,  Widow    .    . 


820 

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Morris,  Mrs.  I.  1'. 
Morris,  Morris,  Jr. 
Morrison,  (icor^L' 
Morton.  John    .    . 
Mosi.r,  I'hilip    . 
Molt,  Janus  . 
Moyir  .S:  lla/anl 
Murdoch,  Marv 
Mnrtha,  J.  1'.    '.    . 
MusKrovi.-,  Joseph 

M.  C.  I) 

M.  K.  T 


N 

Nancarr*)W,  Jolui     .    . 
iNatlians.  William 
Nisliitt.J.ilMi  M...N;  Co, 
NiwlK.l.l.Mrs.Wni.  II. 
Nuwlin,  Mrs.  Jam-  .    . 
Nfwiin,  William  I' 
Newport,  Janus  .    . 
Nil.lock,  KlizaJ.  .    .    . 
Nil)lock,  Marjjarct  .    . 
N'ilVrn,  Salma  .... 
Niiholson.  William 
North.  Joseph  .... 
Norton,  I*'rancis  .    .    . 

o 

)ellers,  Janus     .    .    . 
XTiccrsof  Uritish  .Vrinv 

Old  Patient ' 

>rd,  (ieorj^e 

)rne,  Mr 

P 

'aKe,  S.  Davis  .  . 
'arisli,  Roherl  .  . 
'arrish,  Kdward 
>arrv.  Rachel  K.  . 
'arvin,  W.  .S:  Co.  . 
'ascliall,  Benjamin 
I'ascliall,  Heiilah  . 
'alterson.  R.  .  .  . 
'.itterson,  Mrs.  R. 

•ani,  1).  H 

'aul,  William  .  .  . 
*eck,  John  .... 
•ellar,  James  .  .  . 
'enrose,  Bartliolomew 
'enrose,  Isaac  .  . 
'enrose,  Samuel 
:Vpper,  George  S.  . 
I'epper,  S.  N.  .  .  . 
'epper,  W.  I'.  .  .  . 
'erkins,  S.  H.  . 
'erot,  Mrs.  Frances 
'erot,  Mary  N.  .  . 
eters,  Kvan  .  .  . 
Peterson,  Mrs.  Chas.  J. 
'ettit  &  Kolwell  . 
'lister,  Jaeol)  .  . 
'leasants,  Robert 
'ollaril,  William 
'orter,  R.  R.  .  . 
'orter,  W  .  .  .  . 
I't)tts,  Kniily  . 
'otts,  James     .    . 


S25  «o 

7  60 
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10  00 

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21  66 

25  00 

5  00 
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25  00 

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5  00 

20  00 

10  00 

5  00 

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2  93 

580 

7  33 

1  00 

5  00 
5  00 

2  00 


762  Potts,  Jonathan    .    . 

767  Potts,  Capt.  Joseph 
848  Powderly,  P.  ... 
859  Pratt,  Thomas  .  . 
800  Preston,  William     . 

848  Price,  R 

781  Price  ."t  Snovvden    . 

848  Price,  William      .    . 

771  Pritchar<l,  Rowland 

755  Pritchard,  William 
859  Putih,  II.  A 

Q 

7S1  Quarrier  &  Hunter 

859  U'x-i".  J-  W-  '*  •-"o. 

848  Ouiiin,  K<I«ard   .    . 

R 

763  Ramhft,  .Andrew  .  . 
859  Randolph,  .Mrs.  J.  . 

848  Rayner,  C 

.8.18  Reanev,  Robert  S.  . 

859  Read,    R.  S 

781  Redman,  Joseph,  Jr. 

848  Reeve,  Josiah  .    .    . 

781  Reinhold.  Cieorge   . 

.S48  Reillev,  B.  S.     .    .    . 

S|,s  Reillev.  John     .    .    . 

.Mx.  Reir,  Sirs.  John    . 

781  Rhea,  \\  idow    .    .    . 

793  Rlmads.  Sar.ih      .    . 

758  Rich,  John     ... 

851  Richards  »S:  Brother 

S67  Richardson,  fJeorge 

788  Richardson,  Hannah 

786  Richardson.  Nath.mie 

820  Richie,  William  . 
775  Rickard,  John  .  , 
781  Rickard,  William 

860  Rid^wav,  Mrs.  Sarah 
781  Risk,  Charles   .    . 
860  Roberts,  Algernon  S 
851  Roberts  cS:  Conrad 
775  Roberts,  lOdward 
860  Roberts,  I.ydia     .    . 
785  Roberts,  Rliberl  .    . 
781  Roberts,  William 
757  Robins,  Cliristoplier 
860  Robins,  Rev.  J.  W. 

821  Rojjers,  Charles  .  . 
781  Roney,  Charles    .    . 

764  Rose,  Thomas  .  .  . 
8*;g  R(»ss,  John  .... 
848  Rowan,  Klizabeth  . 
878  Roydhonse  \;  Atkinsi 
860  Rubicum,  Charles  . 
848  Russell,  Alexander 

768  Russell,  George  .    . 

S 

867  Salt,  James    ,    .    ,    . 

781  Sands,  Richard    .    . 

859  Savage,  William  L. 

756  Sayre,  John  .... 

860  Sciiotl,  Miss  Mary  . 

757  Schweighauser,John 
866  Scott,  James  W.  .    . 
848  Sharpless,  Mary  I). 


fi  00 

'3  33 

I  00 

10  00 

>3  33 
I  00 

5  00 

1  00 
8  00 

2  00 
10  00 

6  00 
20  00 

I  00 


'3  33 
5  00 
I  00 
I  00 

10  00 

4  00 

12  uo 
I  00 
I  00 

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10  00 

2  00 
8  00 

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10  00 
10  00 

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14  44 

2  00 
2   00 

1  00 
20  00 
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8  89 
10  00 
8  00 

2  00 

8  86 
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10  00 

4  00 
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5  00 

25  00 

20  00 

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10  00 

4  66 

10  00 

11  86 

5  00 
10  63 
20  00 

5  00 


374 


1848  Shaw,  W 

1782  Slieaff,  VVilliaiii    , 

1781  Shields,  Thomas 

1780  Shirtliff,  William 

1781  Shoemaker,    Beiij.imi 

1786  Shortall,  Thomas    .    , 
1762  Shullenberger,   Frt'cle 
1762  Shultz,  Georj;e 
1766  Shultz,  Melchior 
1762  Shute,  John  .... 
1757  Shute,  Joseph   ... 
1781  Sickle,  Lawrence    . 

1787  Siddons,  Joseph  .  . 
i860  Sill,  Mrs.  Joseph 
1781  Sims,  Woodrop  .  - 
1781  Singer,  Caspar  .  . 
1848  Slemaus,  James  ,  . 
1848  Sloan,  John    .... 

1851  Smitli,   D 

1781  Smith,  John  .... 

i860  Smith,  J.  J 

i8=i9  Smith,  Mrs.  Jos.  I,. 

1864  Smith,  Mi.ss  Mary  P. 

1859  Smith,  William    .    . 

1772  Smith,  Rev.  William 

1787  Smith,  William,  M.  I)., 

1785  Smith,  William  G.  . 
1863  Smyth,  William  C. 
1848  Snow.  Charles  .  .  . 
1848  Snowden.  Thomas  . 
1848  Snyder,  Thomas 
i860  Soloman,  David  .  . 
1848  Spencer,  Oliver  .  . 
i860  Springs,  W.  L.  .  . 
i860  Staley,  Miss  A.    .    . 

1788  Starr,  James     .    .    . 

1780  Stansbury,  Joseph  . 
1824  Steadman,  Elizabeth 
1774  Steinmetz,  John  .  . 
1788  Stevens,  John  .  .  . 
1848  Stevenson,  Samuel 
1848  Stewrart  &  Brother 
1848  Stewart,  Robert  .  . 
184S  Stiles,  N.  D.      ... 

1859  Stiles,  Mr 

179.S  Stille,  John    .... 

i860  Stockton,  George    . 

1762  StotTer,  John  Caspar 

1856  Stokes.  C 

1756  Stow,  Charles,  Jr..  . 

1754  Stretch, Isaac    .    .    . 

1774  Stretch,  Peter  .    .    , 

1756  Strettell,  Robert 

1786  Stroud,  Isaac   .    .    . 

1 781  Styles,  Edward  .  . 
i860  Styles,  Henrv  .  .  . 
i860  Styles,  H.  A.'  .  .  . 
1859  Sulger,  Mrs.  .  .  . 
1781  Sutter,  Peter,  Jr.,    . 

1859  Swain,  Mrs 

1759  Swan.  Richard     .    . 

1781  Swan,  Timothy    .    . 

184S  Swartz,  A.  G.  '.    .    . 

1848  Sweeny,  Ann    .    .    . 

I78,s  Sweetman  i*t  Rudolph 

1756  Swift,  John 

i860  Symington,  Miss  Mary  F 


$1   00 

i860 

,,66 

1781 

3  00 

1872 

8  00 

24  00 
2  33 

24  44 
9  66 

13  33 
2  66 

1786 
1786 
1787 

1781 
1767 

13  33 

3  00 
9  33 
10  00 

1848 
1786 

i«59 
i860 

4  00 
3  00 
I  00 

1755 

1848 

1848 

18.W 

I  00 

i860 

4  00 
15  00 

1772 

1868 

i860 

1786 

i860 

26  20 

i860 

13  40 

1777 
17S1 

I  00 

25  00 

1867 

1848 

10  00 

1763 

5  00 

25  00 

3  00 

1781 
1781 
i860 

S  00 

5  00 
13  33 

1849 

13  33 

8  00 
16  00 

i«59 

2  00 

I  00 

1762 

5  00 

1754 

I  00 

184S 

I  00 

1848 

10  00 

1848 

1781 

15  00 

i860 

5  33 

I7»9 

ID  00 

1781 

14  40 

1855 

15  46 

i860 

4  So 

1761 

20  26 

i860 

13  33 

i860 

6  00 

178.S 

10  00 

185 1 

5  00 

i860 

2  00 

1848 

2  00 

t8,sq 

25  00 

1774 

2  66 

1780 

3  00 

1781 

I  00 

1880 

I  00 

1848 

3  00 

1848 

18  00 

1781 

3  00 

;   lS6<J 

Symington,  Matilda  W.       $5  00 
Syng,  Charles  ....  3  00 

S.  S S  00 


Taggart,  Robert  i  33 

Tatem,  Joseph     ...  8  00 

Tatem,  Joseph      ...  8  00 

Taylor,  Amos  ....  ,?  00 

Taylor,  George   ...  6  00 

Taylor,  T.  S i  00 

Tcrrason  Brothers  &  Co.  8  00 

Tevis,  Mrs.  B 5  00 

Thomas,  Anna     ...  25  00 

Thomas,  Thomas    .    .  2  66 

Thompson,  John     .    .  i  00 

Thompson,     Margaret  i  00 

Thompson.  William  R.  25  00 

Thomson,  Lavinia  .    .  6  00 

Thrasher.  Mary  ...  2  00 

Tiers  &  Bradshaw  .    .  10  00 

Tilge,  Mrs.  Henry  .  10  00 

Tilibury,  Widow     .    .  8  00 

Tingley,  Mr 5  00 

Toby,  Mrs.  Samuel  5  00 

Tool,  Bartholomew  9  00 

Tottcn,  Robert     ...  8  00 

Trcwendt,  Theo.     .    .  20  00 

Turner,  James     ...  2  00 

Turner,  John    ....  '3  33 

Turner,  Joseph.  Jr.,  .  4  00 

Tnrnhull.  William  6  00 

Twells,  L.  A 5  00 

U 

I'lulerwood.  Morris    .  10  00 

V 

X'alentine,    Robert  .    .  10  fio 

W 

Waggoner,  Andrew    .  2  <X3 

Wakelv,  Robert  ...  4  26 

Walker,  Mary  ...  2  00 

Walker,  P i  00 

Wall,  Samuel    .  ,s  00 

Wallace,  Samuel  18  40 

Wallet,  Mrs.  M.  V.     .  10  00 

Wain,  Jessie  &  Robert  1600 

Wain,  Xicholas    ...  8  00 

Walsh,  J.  P.,  M.  D.     .  10  00 

Ward  &  Bro 5  00 

Ward,  Capt.  Henry   .  13  33 

Warder,  Ann    ....  10  00 

Warner,    .Martha    .Ann  25  00 

Warner,  Widow  ...  8  00 

Warrington,  J.     .    .    .  2  50 

Watson,  Mrs.  H.  C.    .  20  00 

Weigand,  John    ...  5  00 

Weigand,  Mrs.     ...  5  00 

Weiss,  Lewis    ...  ^3^3 

Walls.  Richard     .  19  33 

Walls,  William     ...  2  00 

Welsh,  Isaac     ....  25  00 

Wentz,  Samuel    ...  i  00 

Welherill  &  Chandler  15  00 

Wetherill,  Jr.,  Samuel  3  00 

Wernwag,  Mrs.    ...  2  50 


375 


1786  Wist,  Francis  &  John 

1789  Wharton  &  Lewis  .    . 

17S1  Wliarton,  Riyiiold 

1781  Wliiti",  Cliarks     .    . 

1809  Wliitc,  Joshua  .    . 

1859  White,  J.  I) 

17S6  Whiltall,  Janus  .    . 

1866  Whiteliead,  Kdwarcl  J. 

1860  Whitiiiian,  W.  C.    . 
i860  Wiiiteman,  Mrs.  . 
1781  Whittsiilf.  IVti-r 
17S1  Wickoti,  Isaac  . 
1851  Williams,  Isaac    . 
'757  Williams,  Joseph 

i860  Willing,  Mrs 

i860  Willing;,  Mrs.  Charles 

1789  Willing.  Morris.  & 

Swanwick      .... 

1859  VVilmer,  Mrs.  J.  R. 

1780  Willson,  James     . 

1848  Wilson,  Mattliew     . 

1848  Wilson.  W 

1865  Winsor,  Mrs.  Henry  . 


S36  66 

1888 

Wirnnian,  Charles,  Dr. 

$25  <«> 

'  33 

1851 

Wollerlon,  William    . 

8  43 

4  00 

i«59 

Wood,  Caroline  .    .    . 

10  00 

2  00 

18.S7 

Wood,  Francis  R.  . 

ID    00 

1706 

1S4S 

Wood,  William 

1    IM 

10  00 

'775 

Woodrnw.  Ilenr>'    . 

21    69 

5  33 

1781 

Wooils,  John     ... 

4  00 

25  00 

"7.S3 

Wooley,  Kdmund   . 

13  .33 

5  00 

i860 

Workman  .S:  <d.  . 

10  tx> 

5  00 

i860 

Workman.   Mrs.  . 

2  .so 

9  33 

1852 

Wright  >V  llntili  r 

20  <x» 

6  00 

1848 

Wright,    I'eter  .        . 

I  00 

19  00 

i860 

Wiirlz,  Miss  Kliz.i  . 

10  00 

'3  33 

■  H.TO 

Wyeth,  John     .... 

5  Of. 

5  00 

Y 

25  00 

i860 

Varnall  .S:  Cooper    .    . 

Jtl    0<J 

16  fK) 

1848 

Varnall  iS:  Walton 

10  00 

2  so 

1757 

Yerkes,  Harnian      . 

12   22 

24  66 

1786 

Young.  William   . 

1   33 

I  00 

1  00 

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25  00 

'7^1 

Zantzinger,  Adam 

14  00 

i; 


■6i> 


i7«3 
1764 

1813 
1770 
17S6 

1819 


SPECIAL   DEPOSITS  OF   UNCLAIMED   FUNDS. 


.Allen,  William,   Chief 

Justice $13^  03 

Cassidy,  Janus    ...  56  00 

Cooper.  Jacob  ....  456  03 

Dawson,  William  79  89 

Duche,  Jacob  .  .  27  00 
Fisher,  Thomas.  Samuel 

and  Miers .8s  .^.3 

Fisher,  Samuel  R.  .    .  218  66 


1768 

1763 
1802 

1848 
1832 
1H26 

18^6 
1826 


Jones,  John,  Kst.  of   .     $2,500  53 

Kenneth  it  .McMurtrie  74  40 

Lewis,  Mordecai  193  60 
Norris,  J.  I',  tt  J.  R.  NelT      376  76 

Ralston,  Robert  ...  191   20 
Slewarilson,     Thomas 

and  John  Ashley  .    .  865  06 

.Stewardson,    Thomas  4,410  18 

Warner,  Joseph   .    .    .  .^oo  m 


GRANTS   BY   ASSEMBLY    AND   AN   ACT   OF    PARLIAMENT. 

May       11,  I7,si.     For  building,  and  furnishing  the  Hospital  (page  9)  jC^.x"" 

.A|iril     21.  1759.     One-half  the  fines  for  shipping  Lumber  contrary  to 

Law  (page  248) S214  ,S3 

Three-fourths  the  fines  for  selling  Middlings  nii.\e<l 

with  Corn  Meal  (page  248),  which  yielded  .    .    .  S631  90 
1760.      Pennsylvania  Land  Co.,  London,  by   Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, unclainie(l  assets  in  hands  of  Trustees  on 
June  24.  1770.  which  yielded  /'7,6i  i  13s.  $ii.  Ster- 
ling, or  .ibout  (page  250)     S3f',840  43 

May       17,1762.     To  reimburse  Capital  Stock  (page  248) /^3  000 

March  27,  1780.     Toaid  the  Fun<ls  of  the  Hospital  (Continental  money )         /lo.ooo 
June     27,1781.     I'nclaimed  shares  of  Prize  Money,  which  yielded  in 

St.ate  currency  (page  249) /"4,6o8  I2,v.  3</. 

1782.     The  Assembly  granted  to  the  Hospital  the  fines  im- 
posed upon  its  members  (page  249) ^7^  12J.  lorf. 

.■\pril     II,  1793.     To  erect  aildilional  buildings  (page  249) J26,666  67 

.■\lso,  the  unclaimed  dividends  of  Bankrupt  Kstates, 

which  yielded  (page  254) $20,044  64 

April      4,1796.     In  a  supplement   to  preceding  Act,  a  further  sum  to 

finish  the  buildings,  etc.  (page  256) $25,000  00 


M(> 


CONTRIBUTORS  TO  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL, 
From  i7;i  to  1894. 


1S5- 
1821 

■S57 

>7«5 
1.S06 
I7S,S 
1865 

1H56 

'754 
I7«i 

1859 
177s 
1751 
1.S60 
1.S56 
1.S4.S 
■  «56 
1767 
18.H 
1856 
i860 
i85« 
i«45 
1832 
1786 
1 801 
1856 
1856 
■795 
1751 
1791 

1S56 
1856 

'755 
•751 
1754 
1759 
1 791 
1761 
1857 
1S59. 
"859 
1764 

i«45 
176. 
1868 
1847 

1859 
1841 
i860 
1841 
1856 

1859 
1869 
1847 
1809 
1 886 
'873 
1754 
'833 


A. 

1786 

Aston,  Peter     ... 

S26  67 

Abbott  iSc  Lawraiui.-  . 

5100  00 

'893 

Atkinson,  Rebecca  M.      4.750  00 

Abbott,  \Villi;iiii      .    . 

30  00 
100  00 

■754 

Attwood,  William   . 

'.33  33 

Abbott,  William  I-.    . 

1858 

Aiidenreid,  Lewis  . 

I.2IX>  00 

Adams,  Richard  .    .    . 

26  67 
55  00 
40  00 

1856 

Austin,  John  B.    .    . 

KX>   00 

Adams,  Robert    .    .    . 

1856 

Ayres,  George     .    . 

100   00 

Afllc'ck,  Thomas 

■  865 

•'A" 

600  00 

Agnew,  D.  Hayes,  Dr. 

30  00 

1867 

Anonvmons  .        .    . 

2.300   0.) 

Agiitw,  Joim     .... 

KXJ   00 

B. 

All)t-rger,  Jacob  T. 

250   00 

1827 

Bache,    Franklin,    Di 

w  00 

Allair,  Ale.xaiukr 

26   67 

1849 

Bache,  T.  Hewson  Dr.           30  00 

Allen,  Chaiiiless  .    .    . 

29  66 

1761 

Bacon,  David   .    .    . 

26   67 

Allen,  John  C 

50  00 

1763 

Bacon, Job     .... 

35  75 

Allen,  Joseph   .... 

32  87 

1803 

Bacon,  John  .... 

30  00 

Allen,  William     .    .    , 

'.269  33 

1867 

Bacon, Joseph  .    .    . 

261  00 

Allen,  W.  <t  J.      ... 

50  00 

1858 

Bacon,  Josiah   .    .    . 

200  00 

Allibone,  S.  Austin     . 

200   iX) 

1866 

Bacon,  Richar<l  W. 

30  00 

Allibone,  Thomas 

505  00 

1858 

Bailev  &  Brothers  . 

100  00 

Alter,  Jacob 

100  00 

1867 

Bailev,  E.  W.    .    .    . 

100  00 

Anderson,  Lawrence 

26  67 

1856 

Baily,  Joel  J. 

600  00 

Anderson,  William  V. 

130  00 

1761 

Baily,  John    .... 

26  67 

Andrade,  Joseph     .    . 

1,100  00 

'859 

Baily,  Joshua  L.  .    . 

100  00 

Andrews  and  Divon  . 

60  00 

■855 

Baird,  Henry  C. 

27  00 

Andrews,  James 

100  00 

■893 

Baird,  John   .... 

5,100  00 

Andrews,  Joseph  B.    . 

130  00 

1867 

Baird,  Matthew   .    . 

2,000  00 

Andrews,  Robert     .    . 

27  00 

1857 

Baird,  William  M.  . 

100  00 

Angres,  John    .... 

26  67 

1859 

Baird,  William  S.    . 

50  00 

Annesle}',  Robert    .    . 

30  00 

■857 

Baker,  .Abraham 

430  00 

Anspachjjohn      .    .    . 

550  00 

1S67 

Baker,  Alfred  G.      . 

100  00 

Antelo,'A.  J 

200  00 

1852 

Baker,  Ann  M.     .    . 

200  00 

Anthony,  Joseph     .    . 

293  3i 

.852 

Baker,  Charles  H. 

'.325  00 

Anthony,  Stephen 

26  67 

1780 

Baker.  Hillary     .    . 

26  67 

Anthony,    Thomas 

17S6 

Baker,  Jacob    .    .    . 

26  67 

Powell 

26  67 

1865 

Baker,  Jairus    .    .    . 

100  00 

Archer,  Ellis  S.   .    .    . 

50  00 

1818 

Baker,  John  R.     .    . 

50  00 

Archer,  Mary  .\nn  .    . 

50  00 

1758 

Baker,  Joseph      .    . 

27  07 

Armitage,  Beiij.  S.,  Jr. 

26  67 

'859 

Baker,  Michal  V.    . 

125  00 

Armitt,  John    .... 

53  33 

1795 

Baker,  Samuel     .    . 

'33  33 

Asbridge.  George    .    . 

26  67 

1S71 

Balderston,  Mark   . 

100  00 

Ash,  Capt.  Henry  .    . 

26  67 

1857 

Baldwin  &  Co.,  M.  \\ 

.      2,500  00 

Ash,  James 

26  67 

1857 

Baldwin,  Stephen  . 

100  CO 

Ash,  Joshua  .    .    . 

26  67 

i860 

Ball,  Mars     .... 

50  00 

Ash,  Joshua  N..  M.I). 

50  55 

1799 

Ball,  Joseph  .... 

36667 

Ashbridge,  Jane 

100  00 

1754 

Ball,  William    .    . 

26  67 

Ashbridge,    Thomasine 

50  00 

1858 

Bancroft,  .^L  &  E.  . 

100  00 

Ashbridge,  William    . 

26  67 

'755 

Bankson,  .Andrew 

26  67 

Ashbridge,  William    . 

1,2^6  00 

■758 

Bankson,  John  &Jaco 

b           26  67 

Ashburn,   Martin    .    . 

26  67 

■859 

Barclay,  .Andrew  C. 

150  00 

.•\shhurst,  Francis,  Dr. 

36  00 

i860 

Barclay,  Clement  H. 

500  00 

.Ashhurst.  Ji)hn     .    .    - 

630  CX) 

1801 

Barclay.  Robert  .    . 

200  00 

Ashhurst,  John,  Jr..  Dr. 

100  00 

1762 

Barclav  iS:  Sons,  Davi 

1         466  67 

.Ashhurst,  Lewis  R. 

326  67 

1S57 

BarcroVt.  Stacey  B. 

1,000  00 

Ashhurst,    Mrs.    L.    R. 

50  00 

'754 

Bard.  William  .'    .    . 

26  67 

Ashhurst,  Richard 

1.026  67 

1856 

Barker,  .Abraham 

200  00 

.Ashhurst,  Richard,  Jr. 

30  00 

1856 

Barnes,  Rev.  Albert 

100  (X> 

Ashhurst,  Samuel  .    . 

100  00 

'775 

Barnes,  Barnabas    . 

36  98 

.Ashhurst,  William  H. 

500  00 

1788 

Barnes,  Cornelius  . 

33  33 

Ashhurst,  William  L. 

30  00 

1770 

Barren,  William 

26  67 

Ashley,  John         ... 

100  00 

.786 

Bartholomew,  John 

26  67 

Ashmead,  W.  S:  James 

5,000  00 

'799 

Bartling,  Christlieb 

39  '2 

Ashmead, William,  Dr. 

400  00 

1867 

Bartol,  B.  H.     ... 

S50  00 

Aspden,  Matthias   .    . 

2667 

1886 

Bartol,  George  E. 

140  00 

Astley,  Thom.as  .    .    . 

30  00 

1798 

Barton,  Benj.  S..  M.  [ 

).           60  00 

377 


1890 

Barton,  Francis  .    . 

Sl.lMNI    (X> 

1S87 

Biddle,  Elizabeth  S. 

S30  00 

iS23 

Harton.     Jolin     Rli 

ea, 

1864 

Biddle,  Emilv  .M.     . 

50  00 

Ml) 

380  00 

1852 

Biddle.  GeorKeW.  . 

130  00 

1847 

liarlon,  Isaac    .    .    . 

880  00 

1887 

Biddle,  Helen  K.     . 

30  C»J 

1S57 

Barton  &  Co.,  Sam 

uel         100  00 

'855 

Bi(Klle,  Henrv  J. 

3o(j  (x» 

'771 

Bartrani,  (jcorj^c 

26  67 

1864 

Bi(Ulle,  J.  Williams 

50  00 

1787 

Bartrani,     Isaac      : 

n<l 

1,871 

Biddle,  James  . 

26  67 

Moses 

.V  69 

1887 

Biddle,  James  G. 

V>  00 

1768 

Bass,  Robi-rt     .    .    . 

40  ou 

"754 

Biddle.  John      . 

26  67 

1762 

Bassist,  David     . 

2667 

1846 

Biddle.  John  B.,    .Ml) 

.^o  00 

'«57 

Bates  iS;  Coats  .    .    . 

100  CX) 

1889 

Biddle.  John  W.  .    .    . 

loo  00 

>S9 

Baii^li,  Samuel 

100  00 

"855 

Bidtile.  Jona.  Williams         250  00 

1 88  2 

Baum.   Charles,  M. 

D.           30  00 

1881 

Biddle,  Julia  W.  .    .    . 

joo  00 

1866 

Bayard.  Cliarles  P. 

100  00 

'»57 

Biddle,  W 

.so  00 

1855 

Bayard,  James     . 

125  00 

1887 

Biddle,  Marv  H.           . 

30  00 

1768 

Bayard,  Jolni    .    .    . 

26  67 

1867 

Biddle,  Robert  and  \\ 

E.      I(x>  00 

'754 

Bayley,  John     .    .    . 

26  67 

"857 

Biddle,  Samuel     .    .    . 

.^o  00 

"754 

Bayntoii,  Ji>hn 

88  00 

1807 

Biddle,  Thomas  .    .    . 

30  00 

■756 

Bavnton,  Peter     . 

27  20 

"854 

Biddle,  Thomas  A.      . 

900  00 

1881 

Beid,  Edward,  Jr. 

50  00 

1867 

Biddle,  Mrs.  Thomas 

\.       100  00 

1856 
1852 

Beaver,  Thomas 
Beck,  Henrv  Paid  . 

100  00 
30  00 

1849 

1880 ) 

Biddle.  William    .    . 

2.240  00 

■797 

Beck,  Paul,  Jr. 

140  00 

18X7 

Biddle.  William,  Jr. 

30   (K) 

1892 

Becker.  J.  A.     .    . 

^o  00 

1865 

Bines.  David  \.   .    . 

30  <X> 

"754 

Bedford,  (uinninK 

"26  67 

1865 

Bines,  S.  Mason  .    .    . 

30   00 

"859 

Bedlock,  Edward 

200  00 

■  865 

Bines,  S.  Mason,  Jr.  . 

30   00 

'»33 

Beeslev,     Tlieophil 

us 

1865 

Bines,  William  T.    .    . 

V*  00 

E.,  M.  D.    .    .    . 

152  00 

"758 

Biiii;liam.  William,  .Sr 

96  85 

1S65 

Bell,  Emilv   .    .    . 

30  1X1 

I -8 1 

Hinnhain,  William  .    . 

620   CH> 

"865 

Bell,  Helen    . 

30  00 

1810 

Binney,  Horace  .    .    . 

2.250   00 

"759 

Bell,  John  .    . 

26  67 

"8.57 

Binncy,  Horace,  Jr.    . 

iixj  00 

1827 

Bell.  John,  M.  I). 

30  00 

1S60 

Hinnev,    Mrs.    Horace           so  00 

1867 

Bell.  Laura    .    .    . 

30  00 

1820 

Bird,  Charles    .    .    . 

58   00 

1786 

Bell,  Capt.  Thomas 

26  67 

1786 

Bird,   Edward  .    .  •. 

v6  67 

1867 

Benient  &    UoUKhc 

rt>'      1,000  00 

'773 

Birbeck,  .Morris  .    . 

26  67 

"75" 

Benczet,  Anthony 

3"  33 

■758 

Bissell,  John      .    .    . 

26  67 

■752 

Benezet,  Daniel    . 

7466 

i860 

Black.  John   .... 

l<x>  00 

1756 

Beiiezct,  James    . 

48  70 

1867 

Blackburne,  I'rancis, 

r.       2<x)  00 

"  754 

Benczet,  Philip     . 

40  00 

"7,59 

Blackham.  Richard 

56  67 

1S04 

Benin;;have,  Jaco!) 

26  67 

1767 

Blackiston,  J<ihn  R 

.So  00 

"-<55 

Benners,  George  \\ 

45  83 

1890 

Blair,  Anna  S.  .    .    . 

3^3  33 

1S6.:, 

Beiniers,  Henry  B. 

50  00 

1881 

Blancliard,  .Anna     .    . 

i7.o<x>  (JO 

i'*59 

Benners,  Henry  M. 

33  34 

to 
1891J 

Blanchard.  Harriet 

17,000  00 

'■•<55 

Benners,  James    . 

"45  83 

Blanchard,  Maria    . 

I7,(xxj  <x» 

i8s8 

Bennett,  Joseph  M. 

100  00 

■875 

Blanchard,  Maria  E. 

5,oo<j  00 

■756 

Bensell,  George 

26  67 

1,856 

Blanchard.  William  A 

.^,300   IX) 

1X57 

Benson,  Ale.xander 

1,025  00 

■«75 

Blanchard.  Mrs.Wm.. A.        i<«)  00 

1N91 

Benson.  Edward  N 

5,(XK>  00 

.766 

Bland.  Elias  .... 

53  33 

1857 

Benson,    Gustavus 

S.          250  00 

•755 

Bleaklev,  John.  Sr. 

.53  33 

1851 

Bettle,  Samuel.  Jr. 

30  00 

"75" 

Bleakley.  John     .    . 

'33  33 

1851 

Settle.  William    . 

30  00 

1786 

Blewer.  Joseph     .     , 

29  67 

I88g 

Betz.  John  F.    . 

5.o(X)  00 

"859 

Blight,  Atherton  . 

4(X>  00 

1809 

Bevan.  .Matthew  L. 

50  00 

"856 

Bli«ht.  .Maria    .    .    . 

5(x>  00 

1766 

Bevan.  Timothy  . 

226  67 

1867 

Bliss,  Theodore 

KX)    00 

1764 

Beveridji;e.  David 

53  33 

1797 

Blodget.  Sanuiel 

IfKJ    (X> 

"76,5 

Bicklev.  Abraham 

40  00 

1.856 

Bloodi^(,od,   Joseph   I 

150  (X> 

1872 

Biddle,  A.  Sidney 

30  00 

"857 

Bockiiis.  E.  F. 

500    CKJ 

".^55 
1S90J 

Biddle,  .'\le.\antler 

"6,75s  34 

"856 
"852 

Bohleii.Jolin     . 
Boker.  Charles  I..    . 

2, -MX)    00 
2^0    00 

1872 

Biddle,  .Arthur 

30  00 

"852 

Boker.  Charles  S.,.M.D.          30  00 

i860 

Biddle,  Mrs.  C.     . 

100  00 

1794 

Boiler,  Fredrick  .    . 

26    67 

1872 

Bid<lle,  Miss  C.     . 

100  00 

1S07 

Bolton.  Curtis  .    .    . 

50   <X) 

1767 

Biddle.  Clement  . 

63   22 

1809 

Bolton.  John     .    .    . 

50  00 

1864 

Biddle,  Clement  . 

400  00 

"859 

Bond.  James.  M.  1). 

S(X)  00 

"S54 

Biddle,  Clement.  Ji 

2QO  00 

"75" 

Bond.  Phineas  .    .    . 

26  67 

184s 

Biddle,  Clement  C. 

30  00 

"75" 

Bond,   Tliomjus     . 

66  66 

1S59 

Biddle.  Elizabeth  t 

.   .              100  00 

"754 

Bonnel,  Samuel 

26  67 

37'^ 


1775 

i«59 

1864  I 

i«7oJ 

1.S60 

1S67 

IS56 

'X57 

1756 

1.S07 

1754 
i,s6i 
.X65 

i''<57 
1.S67 

■752 
1 866 
1.S7. 
1.S56 
1S60 
1.S64 
i,S64 
1 84 1 
1.S74 

'755 
17,S6 

>'\S7 
]>Soz 

1S59 

1794 
J7>Si 
1 761 

J  754 
1769 
1761 
i«59 
i'\S9 
it<6o 

i.-<59 
17S7 

1754 
1856 
1.S76 
1799 
1855 
1S68 

:S76 
i^i4 
KS57 
1H40 
1852 
1867 

1867 

1876 
1828 
1754 

1856 
i86o 
1 8s  I 


Bimsall.  Kdward 
Buukhaiiinicr.Allfn  li. 

Borie,  Adolph  E.  .    . 

Borie,  Mrs.  Adolpl 
Horic,  C.  and  H. 
Borii",  Cliarks  I.. 
Borie,  Henry  P.  . 
Bossier,  Henry 
Boulttjn,  John  .    . 
Bourne.  Tliomas 
Bouvier.  Micliael 
Bowen  ^:   Kox  .    . 
Bowen.  William  K 
Bower.  Henry 
Bowman.  John 
Boyd  cSc  HoukIi     . 
Bovd,  Thomas  A. 
Boyd,  W.  G.      .    . 
Boyd,  William  S. 
Bover,  William  11. 
Bracken,  J.  H.      . 
Bradfor.l,  James  H.. Ml). 
Bradford,  T.  Hewson, 

M.  U.   .    .    .    .    . 

Bradford.  William 
Bradford,  Willam, 
Bradforil.  Wiliiani 
Brady,  Patrick 
Branner,  George 
Branson,  Samuel 
Branson,  William 
Bray,  Mary    .    . 
Breinlnall,  David 
Bridges,   Robert  . 
Briniihnrst,  James 
Brini;lnirst,  John 
Brint;lun'sl.  John 
Brin^hurst,  Joseph 
Brinton,  (;eor.!;e  . 
Brinton.Jane    .    . 
Brock, John  .    .    . 
Brock,  John  1'.      . 
Brooks,  Kdward  . 
Brooks.  Thomas  . 
Brown,  Ale.xander 
Brown,   Ale.vamler 
Brown,  Andrew   . 
Brown,    Beinieville 
Br<nvn,  Charlotte 

Augusta      .    .    . 
Brown,  (Mement  .M 
Brown,  David  S. 
Brown,  &  Embly 
Brown,  Frederick 
Brown,  Frederick, 
Brown,  Mrs.,  Sr. 

Fredk 

Brown,  Mrs. 

Fredk..  Jr.  .  . 
Brown,  Isabella  . 
Brown,  James  .  . 
Brown,  Jeremiah 
Brown,  Jeremiah 
Brown,  John  .A.  . 
Brown,  Mrs.  John  .X 
Brown,  John  .A.    . 


826  67 

10,000  00 
100  00 

5(H)   0<J 

500  00 

200  00 

.6  67 

50  00 

44  67 
100  00 
100  00 

ICKJ  00 

51  Xj  00 

32  00 
UJO  00 

30  00 
I(»   00 

lot:)  00 

KX)  00 

100  00 

t«:» 

230  00 
26  67 
26  67 
30  o<i 

100  00 

i.«  3i 
100  00 

133  33 
^c»  00 
26  67 
48  00 
,0  67 
82  78 

26  67 
26  67 

l(X5  00 

200  00 

2,000  00 

2. SO  00 

26  67 

26  67 

250  00 

33  33 
513  33 

2CK>  00 
UK)  00 

33  34 
126  67 
200  00 
947  00 
140  00 

5<X)  otj 

500  00 

33  33 
40  00 
26  67 
26  67 

3,500  00 

50  iXJ 
180  00 


807 
821 
864 
822 
864 
890 
870 
856 
860 

797 
802 

«59 

«59' 

«94J 

853 

860 

856 

«34 

807 

887 

«56 

793 

802 

867 

856 

755 

«57 

«59 

856 

857 

856 
860 

859 
766 

859 
859 
859 
860 

754 
857 
886 
848 
824 
S28 
786 
756 
859 
851 
761 

857 
857 
857 
857 
756 
8.s6 
786 
812 
818 


Brown,  John  Coates   .  S45  20 

Brown,  Joseph  D.    .    .  3,780  00 

Brown,  J.  Wistar  30  00 

Brown,  Lawrence  it  .  57  36 

Brown,  Mary  D.  .    .    .  13,100  00 

Brown,  Mar>'   Fiirnum  .S,oo'5  00 

Brown,  Mary  S.   .    .    .  ,30  00 

Brow^n,  Moses  ....  200  00 

Brown,  Mrs.  Moses  50  00 

Brown,  Peter    ....  123  72 

Brown,  Samuel     .    .    .  (o  00 

Brown,  T.  W.  &  M.    .  100  00 

Brown,  T.  Wistar    .  2.425  00 

Brown,  Washington   .  630  00 

Brown.  William    ...  70  00 

Brown  iSc  t"o.,  Wm.  H.  nx>  00 

Brown,  William  Henry  76  67 

Brown,  William  J.  .    .  30  46 
Brush,  Kdward  N.,  M.  D.     30  ix> 

Bryan,  Timothy  M.     .  nxj  <xj 

Buchanan,   Robert  .    .  4S  78 

Buckley,   .'\nthony   M.  36  00 

Buckley,  Kdward  S.  .  100  00 

Buckley,  M.  Brooke  iixj  00 

Buckley,  William    .    .  53  ^3 

Bucknell,  William  .    .  i  ,<xio  00 

Bucknell,  Mrs.  Wm.  .  125  00 
Bucknor,    McCammon 

&  Co 200  00 

Budd,  &  Comley     .    .  iwj  00 

Budd,  John  B 300  00 

Build,  .Mrs.  John  B.     .  30  00 

Budd,  Joseph    ....  30  00 

Budden,  Capt.  Richard  26  67 

Bnist,  Robert    ....  iix)  00 

Bullitt,  John  (,".     ...  ,50  00 

Bullock,  Benjamin  ,    .  750  00 

Bullock,  Charles  .    .    .  (x.)  (X) 

Bullock,  Gcorsje  ...  28  80 

Bunn,  Raiguel  it  Co.  .  100  00 

Buntins,  Henry  B.  5,'h)0  00 

Bunting,  Jacob  T.    .    .  155  00 

Bunting,  Josiaii    ...  50  00 

Burd,  Edward  .    '    .  i  so  00 

Burchell.  J.  J 26  67 

KuiKe,  Samuel      .    .  107  26 

Burj^in,  George  H..  M.  D.     .50  00 

Burroughs,   H.  Nelson  420  00 

Bush,  Matthias     ...  26  67 

Butcher,  John   ....  hk>  00 

Butcher,  Washinjjton  hh)  00 

Bute  it  Smith    ....  250  00 

Butler,  John  M.    .    .    .  uxj  00 

Bryan,  George  M.  .    .  4*>  70 

Bryan,  Timothy  M.  u«>  00 

Brynes,  Daniel  26  67 

Byron,  Joshua               .  ,'o  00 

B.  J.  T 100  00 


c 

Cabeen  &  Co. 


1857     Cabeen  &  Co 

1836  Cadwalader,  George  . 
1771  Cadwalader,  John  .  . 
17SI      Cailwalader,    Thomas. 

M.  D 

1813     C'ailwahuler.  Thomas 


250  00 
100  00 
■-53  33 

66  66 
30  00 


379 


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1781 
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1S52 
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1849 
1871 

i'\S9 
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1840 

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1856 

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1855 
1754 
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1885 
1807 

'754 

i>k,j 

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C:ulwallaik-r,  John 
Cain,  Hai'kiT.  &  C"ook 
Calticlcvi^li.  Aiulrt-w  . 
CaUlclcu^li,  Koliirt  A. 
Cal(l\vi-ll.  Aiulri-w  .    . 
Caklw^ll.  tharks,  M.  I). 
CaUlwill  «:  Kii>;li-I> 
Caklwill.  Saimu  1 
Caklwi-ll  «:  Co., 

JaiiK'S  K 

Calliiniii.  Sanuiil.  M.  D. 
Catiiao,  Sarah   .... 
Cainac,  TiiriKT    . 
Caniac,  William,  M.  I). 
Camblos.  Chark-s    .    . 
Canipbell,  Arcliihald 
Canipl)cll,  Hunh      .    . 
Cainpki-ll.  Jaiiu-s  R.    . 
Carnpliill.  St.  Gcorni' 

T 

Campbell  &  Kingston 
CampHtr,  William 
Campion,  Josipli  11 
Canbv.  Kli     .    . 
Canliy.Jolm 
Canhy,  Samntl  T.  . 
Cancr.  William  J.    .    . 
Caniull.  S.  W.      .    .    . 
Cannell,  Mrs.  S.  W.    . 
Carey,  Henry  C. 
Carpenter,  Emanuel 
Carpenter,  Kraniis 
Carpenter.  Thomas 
Carpenter,  William 
Carson,  George  C.  . 
Carson,  Joseph,  M.  I  >. 
Carter,  Jerome     .    .    . 
Carter,  John  ... 

Carter,  John  C.  .  .  . 
Carter  &  ScattcrKood 
Carnthers,  Samuel 
Cash,  Andrew  ... 
Cash  nnknovvn  .  .  . 
Castamajor,  Prudent 
Castner,  Samuel  .  .  . 
Catherwood,   H.  &  II. 

W 

Cattell,  Ale.tanck-r  <">. 
Cattell,  Kliza  G.  .    .    . 
Chalmers,  James     .    . 
Chaloner.  Jolin     .    .    . 
Chamberlain,  S.  B. 
Chambers,  Andrew 
Chambers,  David 
Chambers,  Mrs.  I).  . 
Chancellor,  Samuel 
Chancellor,  Wharton 
Chancellor,  Wm.,  Dr. 
irhancellor,   William  . 
Chancellor,  William 
Chandler,  Joseph  R.  . 
Chapin,  Joiin  H.,  M.  1). 
Chapman,  Nathaniel,  Dr. 
Chattin,  James     . 
Chauncey,  Charles 
Chauncey,  Nathaniel 
Cheesnian,  Samuel 


R. 


M. 


Si  50 

(Mi 

'759 

Chevallier.  I'eter 

S6.S  06 

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00 

'756 

Chew.  Henjamin  . 

66  66 

50 

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Child,  James     .    .    . 

99  "5 

3" 

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Childs,  GeorKe  W 

2,100  00 

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67 

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100    DO 

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CMiristian.  Samuel  J. 

200  (X> 

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Church,  John     .    .    . 

26  67 

i.S 

20 

1864 

Churchman,  Charles  W.      200  00 

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Churchman,  I'rai;;  &  i'o.       50  00 

525 

00 

1856 

Cla;;horne,  Janus  [.. 

150  fJO 

4" 

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1858 

Cla^horne,  Janus  W 

50  cw 

60 

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1.806 

Clapier,  I-ewis     .    . 

20«»    (K) 

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1840 

Clapp,  .Mien      . 

30  00 

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Clark.  Charles 

50  00 

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IM) 

1.S68 

Clark.  Clarence  11. 

200  00 

100 

(K> 

1761 

Clark.  Daniel    . 

26  67 

100 

Oti 

1864 

I'lark  .S:  Co..  K.  W. 

3,500   <K> 

625 

00 

1858 

Clark,  Kdward  W  . 

3<xj  (x> 

1856 

Clark,  Knoch  N. 

l,(XKJ    IX» 

2,000 

00 

1S60 

Clark.  Kphraim.  Jr 

100  rx) 

26  66 

1852 

Clark.  Jane 

SftO  00 

4" 

(KJ 

1780 

Clark.  John 

26  67 

5" 

(K> 

'8.S9 

Clark,  John 

so  00 

4" 

tXi 

1787 

Clark,  Samuel 

26  67 

,?o 

00 

1826 

Clarke.  J.  V..  M.  D. 

2b  67 

200 

00 

'756 

Clarkson,  Matthew 

73  88 

.■i" 

CX> 

1786 

Clay,  Curtis  ... 

26  67 

5(K> 

(>0 

1807 

Clayton,  Thomas     . 

40  00 

.so 

00 

'89.? 

Clay  tor.  Helen  A 

3,000  00 

IIXJ 

CXJ 

1803 

Clenunt.  James  W. 

30   (Kl 

26  67 

'754 

Clitlord,  Thomas 

2"' 4  95 

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'759 

Clifton.  William 

62  67 

Sl 

6y 

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Clothier.  Isaa<-   II. 

V*  00 

5" 

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'754 

Chilo.  Janus 

26  67 

400 

00 

1761 

Clynu-r.  (ieorxe  .    . 

63  72 

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1857 

Coates.  .Miraham    . 

200  00 

.V> 

00 

■    '859 

Coates.  Heni.imin    . 

KX)  00 

230 

CtO 

1820 

Coates.  IKniaiuin 

420 

Oi) 

Horner.  M.  D. 

26  67 

100 

00 

i    '8'.? 

Coates,  (ieorKeM.  . 

V>  00 

26 

67 

1    1776 

Coates,  Isaac    .    .    . 

66  66 

.v 

(K> 

1755 

Coates.  John     .    .    . 

32  80 

2..V?6 

22 

17.S5 

Coates.  John.  Jr. 

40   IHt 

500 

00 

'794 

Coates,  John    Reynel 

26   67 

100 

00 

,    1796 

Coates,  Jos.  Saunder- 

26    67 

1    '785 

Coates.  Josiali       .    . 

29  67 

IIH) 

00 

'797 

Coates.  Josiali  I-. 

26  67 

Il« 

00 

1    186 

Coates.  N.  C.    . 

loo  Oit 

50 

00 

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Coates.  Samuel    .    . 

.?87  2,? 

53  33 

1    '794 

Coatis.  Samuel.  Jr. 

26  67 

27 

20 

1755 

Coates,  Thomas,  Jr. 

26  67 

11x1 

00 

1866 

Coburn.  Robert 

,50  o<> 

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00 

'856 

l"ochran  iV  Russell 

IiX»  cx> 

26    67 

i8vS 

Cock.  Thomas  I-".,  .M. 

>.         .^0  00 

.)" 

00 

1864 

Collin  tS:  .Mteinus    . 

ISO  00 

26    67 

i    1856 

Cotlin.  Arthur  <;.    . 

KM)   00 

20.5 

00 

1788 

Coldbreath.  James 

26   67 

26    67 

'859 

Coleman.  <;     Dawsoi 

1.             .500   00 

58 

00 

1856 

Coleman.  Harriet 

2'X)   IX) 

.?o 

€X) 

1871 

Coleman.  M.  j. 

75  w> 

100 

00 

1848 

Coleman.  Robert 

50  00 

M> 

tx) 

•    '754 

Coleman,  William 

115  "8 

26 

67 

:   1845 

Coles,  Kdward     .    . 

I. so  00 

26 

67 

1856 

Colket,   loffin  .    .    . 

425  00 

40 

1HI 

18.57 

Collins.  Kreilerick 

.So  00 

5" 

00 

1.S48 

Collins.  Hannah  W 

130  no 

26  67 

1   '848 

Collins.  IK 

170  00 

;8o 


1S4S  Collins,  Joseph  H. 

1762  Collins,  Stephen 

1^56  Collins,  T.  K.  &  P.  G. 

1795  Collins,  Zaccheus    . 

1S59  Cohvell,  Stephen 

1772  Combe,  Thomas  .    . 

1857  Comegys.  B.  B.    .    . 

1858  Comly,  Franklin  A. 
1867  Comly,  Franklin  A., 
1870  Conarroe,  Geo.  M.  . 

1851  Conrad,  Charles  .    . 

1852  Conrad,  John    .    .    . 
1S52  Conrad,  Solomon 

1859  Contriljutors     .    .    . 
1766  Conyngham,  David 

Mayfield     .... 

1756  Conyngham,  Redmond 
1801  Cook,  Ale.xander 
1857  Cooke,  Jav    .    .    . 
1867  Cooke  &  Co.,  Jay 
1822  Cooke,  John     .    . 
1856  Cooley,  Aaron  B. 
1859  Cooper,  Abigail   . 
1865  Cooper,  Esther  L. 
1754  Cooper,  Jacob  .    . 
1798  Cooper,  Samuel,  M.I> 
175+  Cooper.  William 
1 856  Cope,  Alfred     .    . 
1833  Cope,  Caleb  .    .    . 
1870  Cope,  Edwin  R.  . 
1867  Cope,  Elias   .    .    . 
1856  Cope,  Francis  R. 
1856  Cope,  Henry    .    . 
1817  Cope,  Israel      .    . 
1813  Cope,  Jasper     .    . 

1856  Cope,  John  E.  .  . 
1809  Cope,  Thomas  P. 
1867  Cope,  William  L). 
1782  Copperthwaite,  Josep 
1859  Corbit,  Daniel  .  . 
■773  Corby n.  Thomas 
i860  Cornelius  &  Baker 
J891  Cornelius  &  Rowland, 
1761  Correy,  John     .    .    . 

1757  Cowpiank,  Jonathan 
'755  Coultas.  James     .    . 
1819  Coultas.  John   .    . 
1867  Co.\.  James  S.  .    . 

1857  Co.v,  John 

1786  Co.\,  William    .    .    . 

1854  Co.\e,  Alexander  B. 

1854  Coxe,  Brinton  .    .    . 

1758  Coxe,  Charles  .    .    . 
1854  Coxe,  Charles  B. 
1S54  Coxe,  Charles  S. 
1845  Coxe.  Daniel  W. 
1854  Coxe  Eckley  B.  .    . 
1859  Coxe,  Edward  S.     . 
1854  Coxe,  Henry  B.    .    . 
1 76 1  Coxe,  Isaac  .... 
1761  Coxe,  John.  M.  D.  . 
1798  Coxe.  John  Redmond, 

M.  D 

1887  Coxe,  Rebecca    . 

1780  Coxe,  Tench     .    . 

1761  Coxe,  William 

1786  Coxe,  William,  Jr. 


S50  oo 

1856 

52  00 

1 761 

irxj  00 

1786 

140  00 

1849 

500  00 

1865 

30  69  1 

1869 

50  00 

1866 

100  00 

1S59 

50  00 

1817 

30  00 

1857 

30  00 

1847 

^0  00 

1864 

27  50 

1763 

5,500  00 

■«57 

1754 

32  00 

1S56 

34  67 

i»57 

26  67 

1772 

1,200  00 

1858 

2.500  00 

1858 

30  00 

1751 

100  00 

1752 

600  00 

1856 

600  00 

1857 

37  33 

1865 

40  00 

1855 

26  67 

■859 

S,6oo  00 

1866 

I  630  CO 

1775 

4,cKx)  00 

179a 

100  00 

1754 

425  00 

1891 

2,ICX)  00 

1864 

50  00 

i8i8 

95  00 

1857 

3i  3i 

i860 

620  00 

1819 

100  00 

1856 

26  67 

1856 

100  00 

1857 

446  66 

1845 

1,200  00 

1859 

50  00 

26  67 

1858 

26  67 

i860 

306  66 

44  00 

50  00 

1865! 

300  00 

1873  1 

13  33 

1816 

30  00 

■857 

30  00 

i860 

66  67 

1856 

30  00 

■  8.57 

1,030  00 

18.57 

50  00 

1S60 

30  00 

1886 

1,000  00 

18.S9 

30  00 

i86s 

6956 

1858 

32  40 

1787 

1856 

68  00 

1757 

200  00 

1815 

53  66 

53  33 

1859 

26  67 

Craig,  Andrew  C.   .    .  $310  00 

Craig,  William     ...  66  66 

Craig,  James  and  John  2933 

Crammond,  Henry  30  00 

Craven,  Thomas      .    .  100  00 

Creely.  George  R.  .  450  00 

Creighton,  Hamilton  100  00 

Creighton.  Robert  .    .  100  00 

Cresson.  Caleb    .    .    .  100  00 

Cresson,  Charles  C.    .  ujo  00 

Cresson,  Elliott  .    .  .?o  00 

Cresson,  Enilen  .    .  50  00 

Cresson,  James   ...  26  67 

Cresson,  James   .    .    .  300  00 

Cresson,  John  ....  26  67 

Cresson,  John  C.     .    .  1,000  00 

Cresson,  Joseph  .    .    .  530  00 

Cresson,  Joshua  ...  40  00 

Cresson,  William  P.  .  150  00 

Cromelien.  George     .  100  00 

Crosby,  Joshua    .    .    .  266  66 

Crosby,  Thomas     .    .  129  81 

Croskey,  Henry  .    .    .  400  00 

Croskey  &  Co.     .    .    .  500  00 

Crossman.  James  M.  .  200  00 

Crozier,  John  P.  .    .    .  6,000  00 

Crozier.  Mrs 50  00 

Cruikshank,  James  40  00 

Cruikshank,  Joseph   .  201  20 

Cruikshank,  Rachel  .  26  67 

Culp,  Matthias     ...  26  67 

Cummings,  A.  Boyd  .  5,000  00 

Cummings,  A.  W.      .  50  00 

Cummings,  Charles  H.  50  00 

Cummings,   Daniel  B.  100  00 

Cummings,  Mrs.  D.  B.  50  00 

Cummings,  Richard  P.  55  00 

Cummings,  William  .  150  00 

Curren.  Martin    ...  50  00 

Curtis,  Benjamin  T.   .  200  00 

Curwen.  John  .M.  D.  .  530  00 
Curwen  Stoddart  & 

Bro 30  00 

Cuthbert,  Allen   .    .    .  100  00 

Cuyler,  Theo 50  00 

D 

Da  Costa,  Jacob  M. 

M.  D 300  00 

Dahlgren,  Bernard  30  00 

Dale.  Richard  C.     .    .  50  00 

Dale.  Mrs.  R.  C.  50  00 

Dallett,  Brothers     .    .  300  00 

Dallett,  Eliza   ....  100  00 

Dallett,  Gillies     .    .    .  kkj  00 

Dallett.  Mrs.  John  .    .  .SO  00 

Dana.  Mary  W.  ...  ,30  00 
Danforth,  Wright  &  Co.      100  00 

Darlington,     Smedley  50  00 

Darrach,  James,  Dr.  .  30  00 

David,  John 30  00 

Davis,  Benjamin  .    .    .  250  00 

Davis.  David  ....  26  67 
Davis,  David  Jones 

M.  D 60  00 

Davis,   Edward   Mott, 

Jr 100  00 


381 


1856 

Davis.  Kllwooil    .    .    . 

SUHJ 

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'859 

l«58 

IJavis,  HarljL-t  it     . 

200 

00 

■859 

1880 

Davis,  Henry  L.      .    . 

250 

00 

1859 

1827 

Davis,  Isaac     .    . 

26  67 

1859 

1856 

Davis,  Isaac  R.        .    . 

100 

00 

'794 

185S 

Davis,  John  C      ... 

100 

00 

'85 1 

■754 

Davis,  Thomas    .    .    . 

82 

45 

"754 

1781 

Dawes,  Ahijah     .    .    . 

408 

00 

'813 

■795 

Dawes,  Jonathan     .    . 

30 

00 

'8.S9 

1 80S 

Dawes,  Sanuiel  K. 

3" 

(K) 

'7.S4 

1859 

Dawson,  Kli/al)eth 

2CX) 

(M> 

1.S60 

1856 

Dawson  and  Hancock 

100 

00 

'756 

1867 

Dawson,  T.  Russell    . 

30 

00 

'845 

1856 

Dawson,  Josiali    .    .    . 

l.rxxj 

00 

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1870  J 

Dawson,  Mordecai  L. 

3.<»5 

00 

'859 
1805 

1798 

Dawson,  Rohert  . 

40 

00 

1867 

'7«5 

Dawson,  William    .    . 

26  67 

'77' 

1852 

Dawson.  William  M.  , 

40 

00 

'7.59 

■857 

Day,  Michael    .    . 

1 041 

00 

'75*' 

1809 

Dayton,  John    .... 

30 

00 

1872 

1805 

De  Haven  iV    Broliier 

i«j 

00 

1857 

1772 

Dean,  Joseph    .... 

48 

90 

1808 

'777 

Delany,  Sliarpe  . 

21)6  67 

'754 

1786 

Delany,  William     . 

26  67 

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1S56 

Delaware,  L.     .    . 

100 

00 

'77' 

1759 

Denny,  William  . 

276  66 

"8.57 

1855 

Derhyshire. 

1856 

1872  j 

Alexander  J.     .    .    . 

2,080 

00 

'8,59 

1864 

Derbyshire.    Mary    A. 

5<x> 

00 

■  849 

1752 

Deshier,  David    . 

44 

00 

'795 

i860 

Desilver.  Charles 

5" 

00 

1.S60 

1859 

Desilver,  II.  T.    .    . 

50 

00 

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Devereux,  John   .    . 

so 

00 

'7.54 

1805 

Dewees,  William  I'. 

1807 

M.  D 

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■  85- 

1764 

Dickinson,  John      .    , 

■85 

06 

'88.! 

1765 

Dickinson,  William   . 

3^ 

33 

1856 

Dickinson,  James    N. 

100 

00 

1867 

1856 

Dickinson,  Levi       .    . 

200 

00 

1782 

DierinK.  Henrv    .    .    . 

.1° 

00 

1868 

Dillard.  ilenry  K.  .    . 

30 

00 

1856 

1844 

Dillin>^liam, 

1866 

Wallace  H 

30 

00 

1856 

1756 

Dilworth.  William  .    . 

26  67 

'857 

1859 

Dillworth,  William 

100 

00 

1766 

■763 

Dillwyn.  <  ic-<)r^i-     .    . 

82 

39 

1856 

1801 

Dillwyn.  William    .    . 

400 

00 

'859 

1761 

Din^ee.  Charles  .    .    . 

26  67 

1877 

1852 

Dini-ee.  Joseph    .    .    . 

30 

00 

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1867 

DisslfHi.  Henry    .    ,    . 

500 

00 

17.S6 

■859 

Divine.  William  .    ,    . 

100 

o<j 

'756 

1882 

Dixon.  Kdwin  S.      .    . 

30 

00 

1865 

i860 

Dixon,  Miss  M.    .    .    . 

50 

00 

1787 

1759 

Dixon.  Robert      .    .    . 

26 

67 

'857 

i860 

Dixon,  Miss  S.     ... 

50 

00 

1864 

1882 

Dixon,  Samuel  ('•.,  Dr. 

30 

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Dobson.  John    .... 

50 

00 

1798 

1781 

Donaldson.  John      .    . 

34 

67 

1798 

1857 

Donaldson.  Sophia 

500 

00 

1798 

■  857 

Donnelly,  James  C.    . 

30 

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1772 

Dorsey,  Benedict    .    . 

90 

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1 88 1 

1781 

Dorsey.  John    .... 

3' 

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1848 

1807 

Dorscv.  John  Syng, 

i88i 

M.  D 

87 

50 

1 761 

178s 

Dorsey,  Leonard    .    . 

26 

67 

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1859 

Dorsey.  Stanton  .    .    . 

3" 

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1787 

Mrs 


Dorsey,  William 
DouKherty,  Charles  A 
Dougherty,  John  A. 
Dougherty.  William 
Douglas.  .Andrew 
Dtin^tas.    Heiijamin  J 
Dowell.  William 
Dowinu.  Jaiiib 
Dowinj;.  J.  I'erot 
Do/.  .Andrew- 
Drake.     Tlioinas. 
Drayson.  Matthew 
Drayton,  William 

Ha>ward    .... 
Dreer.  Frederick  J. 
Drexel,  .\nthony  J. 
Dre.xel  Jt  Co.    .    .    . 
Drinker.  Daniel  .    . 
Drinker.  I  Ienr\'  .    . 
Drinker.  John  .    .    . 
Dropsie,  .Mosis  .-\.  . 
Drown.  William  .\. 
Drown.  Win.  A..  Jr. 
Duclie.  Jacob    ,    .    . 
Dniheld.  Kdwaril 
Dullield.  Samuel,  M. 
Duhrinu.  Henrv  .    . 
Dulles.  Joseph'll.  . 
Dulles.  Mrs.  Jos.  H. 
Dundas.  James    .    . 
Dunlap.  John    .    .    . 
Dunlap.  William 
Dunn.  .Nathan 
Dnpuy,  Daniel 
Dusar.  Klorimonil 
Diitilh.  Charles    .    . 
Dutilh.  Mary  C..  and 

Daughter   .... 
D.  M.  C 


Earl,  Samuel  W 
Karl,  Thomas  .    . 
Earp,  Thomas  .    . 
Earp,  Thomas,  )r.. 
Eastbnrn.  Thomas 
Eastwick.   .-Viidrew  M 
Ebbs,   William     . 
Eckert,  Mrs.  Emily  T 
Eckfeldt.  Adams 
Eddy,  (;eor;;e  .    . 
Eddv,  James    .    . 
Eddy,  Lucy  H.    . 
Eddy,  Thomas 
Edwards,    (ieorne  W 
Eisenbrey  >S:  Sons,  Jci 
Eisenbrey,    John.   Jr 
Klam,  (lervas  .    .    . 
Elam,    Robert  .    .    . 
F'lam,  Smnuel       .    . 
Elfreth.  Jeremiah    . 
Elkins.  William   L. 
Elkinton,  (leorKe  M. 
Elkinton.  Thomas  . 
Elliott,  .Andrew    .    . 
Elliott,  Isaac 
Elliott,  John      .    .    . 


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1782  Elliott,  John.  Jr.  .    . 

184^  Ellis,  Charles    .    .    . 

1S56  Ellis  &  Co.,  Charles 

1851  Ellis,  Evan  T.  .    .    . 
1754  Ellis,  Thomas  .    .    . 

1852  Ellis.  William  .  .  . 
1856  Ellison  &  Sons,  John 
1865  Ehnsley,  Ann  .  .  . 
1865  Elmsley,  Elizabeth 
1865  Elmsley,   Reljecca  . 

1865  Elmsley,  William    . 

1809  Elmslie,  .'\lexander 
i8s3  Elkington,  Lindley  M 
1884  Ehvvn.  .-Mfred  .  .'. 
1803  Ely,  Hugh  .... 
i860  Ely,  R  &  M  .  -  .  . 
1S7S  Embly,  John  .  .  . 
1826  Emerson,  (ioverneur, 

1754  Emlen,  George,  Sr. 
1756  Emlen,  George,  Jr. 

1755  Emlen,  Joshua    .    . 

1754  Emlen,  Samuel     .    . 
1822  Emlen,  Samuel,    M.L) 

1755  Engle,  Paul       .    . 
1856  Errickson,  Michael 
1859  Erringer,  J.  Livingstoi 
i860  Erwin,    Mrs.   John   H 

1866  Erwin,  .Mary  L. 

1755  Erwin,  Robert 

1856  Estlack,  Thomas 
1881  Evans,  Allen  .  . 
1807  Evans,  Clark  C. 
1833  Evans,  Charles 
1870  Evans,  Charles  . 
'754  Evans,  Edward  . 
1800  Evans,  Edward  . 
185S  Evans,  Horace  Y. 
is6o  Evans,  Miss  Jane 
1772  Evans,  Joel  .  .  . 
1771  Evans,  John  .  .  . 
1858  Evans,  John      .    . 

1756  Evans,  Jonathan 
1806  Evans,  Jonathan 

1857  Evans,  Josepli  R. 
1800  Evans,  Josiah    . 
1817  Evans,  J.  William 
1864  Evans,  J.  Wistar 
1857  Evans,  Rowland  G 
1840  Evans,  Thomas    . 
l8,S7  Evans  Sc  Watson 
i860  Evans,  William,  Jr 
1851  Euston  &  Weer   . 

1864  Everly,  Adam  .    . 
1806  Eves,  Joseph   Bennett 
1857  Ewing,   Robert    . 
1785  Ewing,  Thomas  . 

1810  Eyre,  Ann  K.    .    . 
"^55  Eyre,  Joshua  P.  . 
1817  Eyre  &  Lawrence 
1813  Eyre,  Maria  K.    . 
1802  Eyre,  Nathan   .    . 

F 

1865  Pagan,  John  .... 
1857  Fahnestock,  B.  A.  .  . 
iS>9  Fahnestock  &  Co.  .  . 
i860  Fahnestock,  Mrs.  G.W 


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1859  Fairth<jrn,     Frederick  S.50  fx> 
1768  Falconer,     Caj)!.     Na- 
thaniel      76  66 

1867  Fales,  George  ....  ^<x>  00 

1856  Fales,    Lothrop  &  Co.  2<»  00 

1776  Falkenstine,  Ludwick  26  67 

1758  Falkner,  Lester  ...  26  67 

1856  Fallow,  Christopher  .  100  00 

i8,s6  Fallow,  John     ....  100  00 

1764  Farmer,  Ferdinand    .  .'3  33 

1752  Farmer,   Richard,   Dr.  26  67 

1865  Farnham,  Charles  A.  .  900  00 

i860  Farnum,  Elizabeth  H.  1,500  00 

i8.s6  Farnimi,  George  W.  .  200  00 

1864  Farnum.  J.  Edward  .  200  ocj 
1845  Farnum.  John  ....  3,310  00 
i860  Farnum,  Mar\'  .  .  .  i,0(X)  00 
i860  Farnum,  Susan    .  i.wjo  00 

1856  Farr,  John  C 200  00 

1S67  Farr  iN:  Brothers  ...  50  00 

1855  Fassett,  .Alfred  .  .  .  2(X)  00 
i8'6  Faust,  David    ....  iix)  00 

1856  Fearans  &  Smitli    .    .  i<x)  00 

1857  Fell,  Franklin  ....  100  orj 

1856  Fell. J.  Gillingham  .  .  i,5ix)  00 
i86,fii  Fell,  Rebecca  Ann  .  .  100  01 
1S56  Fellows,  Bartholomew 

Wistar 26  60 

1855  Fennimore,  Jason  L.  .  200  07 
1786  Few,  Josepli     ...  126  I7 

1865  Fickeii  S:  Williams     .  100  00 

1858  Field  &  Hardie   ...  50  00 

1857  Field,  James  ....  350  00 
1772  Field,  John 429  27 

1856  Field  &  Keehmle  .  .  00  00 
1764  Field,  Robert  ....  26  67 
l8ii  Fielding,  Robert  .  .  1,100  00 
1867  Fields,  Charles  J.  .  .  100  00 
i86i  Ficken  &  Williams  200  00 
1856  Fiqueira,  F.  T.     .    .    .  00  00 

1859  Fiqueira,  F.J 50  00 

i860  Firth,  TlKjinas      ...  50  00 

1751  Fishbourne.  William  .  40  00 

1856  Fisher,  Charles  Henry  1,600  00 
1859  Fisher,  Eliza  G.  .  .  .  100  00 
1859  Fisher,  Pollen  ....  100  00 
1879  Fisher,  Henry  M.,  Dr.  khi  00 

796  Fisher,  James  C.      .    .  100  00 

1857  Fiaher,  J.  Francis  .  .  1,500  00 
1882  Fisher,  James  Logan  .  8000 

1555  Fisher,  Joseph  .  .  .  2<xi  00 
1751  Fisher,  Joshua  ...  86  66 
1845  Fisher,  iMarv  P.  .  .  .  100  00 
1785  Fisher,  Miefs  ....  66  66 
1808  Fisher,  Redwood  3°  00 

1556  Fisher.  Rodney  .  .  .  100  00 
1758  Fisher.  Samuel  ...  26  67 
1771  Fisher,  Samuel,  Jr.  .  20  67 
'775  Fisher,  Samuel  ...  29  93 
1844  Fisher,  Samuel  T.  .  30  00 
1801  Fisher,  Samuel  W.  KX)  00 
1768  Fisher,  Thomas  ...  56  02 

754  Fisher,  William  .    .    .  143  14 

'775  Fisher,  Wni.,  Jr.  36  98 

^24  Fisher,  William  W.    .  50  00 

i860  Fisher,    Mrs.   W.    W. 

and  Miss 50  00 


383 


'«59 

Kithiaii,  Jones   &   Co 

$100  00 

'8.S7 

Gatis, Lieliermann  &  Ci>. 

f  100  00 

1867 

KilliT,  Wt-aviT  &  Co 

250  00 

1870 

r;ardelle,  K.  U.  Dr. 

30  00 

i»59 

Kit/.>;iTaltl,  H.  N.    .    . 

100  00 

I»S6 

Garrett.  Kdward 

100  00 

1S67 

FlaiuiK->ii.  S.  and  J.  M 

500  00 

1878 

<;arrelt,  George  Sellers 

30  00 

■  756 

Kloison,  I'Uinket    .    . 

79  '» 

'8.S7 

Garrett,  Isaac  I'.      . 

300  fX> 

1.SX5 

Kliikwir.    Hannah    C 

1,000  00 

'875 

(larrett,  John  B. 

.50  00 

■■\S7 

Klin;;.  IK-nry    .    .    .    . 

130  00 

1S67 

Garrett,  Ualter    .    . 

500  00 

185; 
"857 

Klin;;.  William     .    .    . 
FlinK,  Mrs   Urn.     . 

130  00 
.so  00 

1856 
1891 

Garrett,  William  K 

52,400  00 

ifijg 

Flin«.  William  B.     . 

166  67 

1867 

Garrett,  Wm.  K.,  Jr 

500  00 

■«57 

KlinK.  Mrs.  Wm.  H. 

rjo  00 

1806 

GarriKUes.  Abraham 

M. 

30  00 

■  .•<59 

Klanurl'ill.  A.J.  .    . 

100  00 

1796 

(iarrisjues,  Kdward 

27  00 

'75" 

KlowtT,  Knooli     .    . 

7466 

'754 

Garrigucs.  Isaac  .    . 

26  67 

l8,S- 

Folius,  fk^or^i.'  \V.  . 

100  00 

'783 

Garri;;nes,  Sanuiel, 

Jr. 

26  67 

1852 

F.>KK.  Aaron     .    .        . 

30  00 

'857 

(iarrison,  Jolni    .    . 

100  00 

1858 

Kolwill,  ("hark-s  S.     . 

50  00 

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Gatdull,    Francis 

R 

150  00 

1801 

Kohvill.  John   .    .    .    . 

30  00 

18.S8 

Gaul,  William     .    . 

3,So  00 

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Folwi-11,  William     .    . 

90  67 

1867 

Gaw,  Bacon  &  Co. 

U»)  00 

'7S4 

Forhcs,  IIii;;h  .    .    .    . 

26  67 

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(George,  David     .    . 

26  67 

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Korhfs.  William      .    . 

53  37 

'859 

(k-orge,  David     .    . 

1,000  00 

1852 

KorlKs,  W.    S.,  M.  I 

30  00 

18^7 

George,  Jesse  .    .    . 

1,000  00 

185S 

Korcl,  John  M.          . 

300  00 

'«59 

GeorKC,  Rebecca 

1,000  00 

I7SS 

Korbi-s,  Standisli 

26  67 

"796 

George,  Thomas 

30  00 

1867 

Fornt-y.  John  W.     . 

2CK)   00 

1856 

George,  Thomas 

30  00 

1772 

Komst.  Thomas 

66  66 

1842 

Gerhard,  Benjamin 

78  00 

'857 

Foslir.  William  B.  . 

100  00 

1807 

Gerhard,  William   . 

30  00 

i860 

Fostir,  Wm.  B.,Jr.     . 

so  00 

'835 

Gerhartl, William  W 

.,I)r 

80  00 

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FoUK-r«ill.  John,  M.I) 

666  66 

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Gheeii,  John  R.    .    . 

20O  00 

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Fottirall.  Stiplun    V, 

30  00 

'859 

Gibbons,  .'Vbraham 

350  00 

1770 

Foiilki-.  CaUb  . 

3466 

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Gibbons,  Charles    . 

230   00 

1784 

F.nilki-.  John,  M.I). 

32  00 

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(;il)bons,  Jane  .    .    . 

200  00 

'75*< 

Foiilki,  Jndah      .    .    . 

.^6  00 

'754 

(fibbons,  Joseph  .    , 

26  66 

1857 

Fox.  Charles  V.   .    .    . 

1,500  00 

1762 

(iil>bons,  William    . 

40  00 

1786 

V*ix,  (iC'or;;c     .    .    . 

40  00 

1790 

Ciibbs,  Beiij.imin  .    . 

40  00 

■83s 

Fo.x,  Gc'orKi-,  M.  D.    . 

26  67 

1796 

(libbs,   Josiah  Will: 

rd 

266  67 

1880 

Fox,  Joseph,  M.  I). 

50  00 

1761 

Gibson,  John    .    .    . 

52  50 

I?."!' 

Kox,  Joseph 

112   87 

1848 

(;ibson,  John    .    .    . 

105  00 

i860 

Fox,  Miss  Mary  .    . 

50  00 

18.S8 

Gibson,  Son  vN:  Co.,} 

>hn 

5,7(K>  00 

1819 

Kox,  Samuel     .    .    .    . 

50  00 

1867 

Gibson.  Rebecca 

5(X)  00 

'794 

Fox,  Sanuiel  M.  .    .    . 

316  67 

1821 

Gibson,  William,  M 

D. 

40  00 

1826 

Fox,  Samuel  M.,  M.D 

.10   CO 

1856 

Gilbert,  Henry    ,    . 

200  00 

1867 

Fox,  Samuel  N.  .    .    . 

100  00 

1858 

(;ilbert  S;  Co.,  John 

100  00 

1807 

Francis,    Thomas    W 

loo  00 

1866 

Gilbert,   Mary  .    .    . 

50  00 

'75' 

Franklin,  Beniamin 

66  67 

1883 

Gillespie,   John,  M. 

I). 

30  00 

1802 

Franklin,  Walter    . 

30  00 

'858 

Gillespie,  J.  L.     .    . 

so  00 

1754 

Franklin.  William  . 

26  67 

1856 

Gillespie,   William 

D. 

50  00 

'7.S5 

Franks.  David     .    .    . 

26  67 

1879 

Gillin.^ham,  Joseph  K. 

150  00 

1759 

Franks,  John    .    .    . 

66  67 

■859 

flilpin,  Mrs.   Kliza  . 

KX)    00 

1848 

Fraley,  Frederick  .    . 

1,130  CO 

1812 

fiilpin,  Joshua     .    . 

50  00 

1786 

Frazier,  Nalbro  .    .    . 

26  67 

'8.s8 

Gill)in,  Henry  D.    . 

200  00 

1859 

Freas,  Jacob     .    .    .    . 

30  00 

1870 

Gilpin,  John  F.     . 

550  00 

1876 

Freem,in,  Mrs,  F;iiza  . 

5,000  00 

I86,s 

f;ilpin,  V.  and  J.  F, 

40  00 

18.S9 

FrencluV  Richards 

300  00 

1786 

Girar<l,  Stephen  .    . 

4.227  3' 

1S60 

French,  William  H.   . 

250  00 

I8s6 

Glading,  William 

So  00 

1864 

Frothin;;ham  &  Well 

5        100  00 

1776 

(ilenn,  James   .    .    . 

82  66 

'851 

Fullerlon,     .Mexande 

r        300  00 

'8.s6 

Glenn,  L.  N.     ... 

100  00 

18.14 

Fullerton,  Alexander,. 

r.       30  00 

1867 

Godey.  Louis  A. 

120  00 

1857 

F'uKuet,  Stephen 

100  00 

'754 

Goodman.  Walter  . 

26  66 

1858 

Fnrness.  Brmley  &  Cc 

).        100  00 

'757 

Goodwin.  John,  Jr. 

26  67 

'752 

Fussell,  Solomon 

2667 

i8s3 

Gordon,  (ieorge  .    . 

30  00 

Friends 

720  00 

'765 

Gor>ion.  Lord  Adam  . 

43  60 

G 

'754 

Gordon,  Thomas 

'59  23 

'SS9 

(iorgas,  (;.  W.      .    . 

100   (K) 

'769 

Gale,  William  ,    .    .    . 

213  33 

'75' 

Gra;mc, Thomas,  M 

D. 

.S3  3« 

1852 

Halliard,  James   .    .    . 

40  00 

i8,S7 

Graff,  Eliza  Ann 

100  00 

1754 

Galloway,  Joseph    .    . 

.so  67 

'763 

Graff,  Jacob  .... 

26  67 

'755 

Ciamble,  Joseph   .    .    . 

66  67 

1757 

Graff,  Sebastian  .    . 

53  33 

384 


1769  Graham,   Hciiry   Hale  526  67 

1859  Graham   &  Co.,  James  5000 

1877  Graham,  James    .    .    .  2(x>  00 

1892  Graham.  John  H.    .    .  30  00 

1761  Grandom,  John    ...  26  67 

1856  Grant,  Samuel,  Jr.  100  00 
1754  Grant,  Wilham  ...  80  81 
1754  Grasshold,  Christian  .  26  67 
1865  Gratz,  Miss  Rebecca  .  50  00 
i860  Gratz,  Robert  H.  .  .  200  00 
1815  Gratz,  Simon  ....  30  00 
1754  Gray,  George  ....  40  00 
•755  Gray,  George,  Jr.  .  .  53  33 
1855  Gray,  Joseph  ....  26  67 
1855  Grav,  Robert  E.  .  .  .  800  00 
1859  Grebie,  Edwin     .    .    .  100  00 

1851  Greaves,  James  R.  .  .  1,020  00 
1890  Green,  Walter  D.,  M.D.  30  00 
1751  Greenleafe,  Isaac    .    .  101  95 

1754  Greenway,  Robert  .  .  28  80 
1859  Greeves,  Elizabeth  50  00 
181S  Greeves,  James  R.  .  .  90  00 
1865  Greeves,  James  R.  .    .  70000 

1795  Greeves,  Thomas   .    .  50  00 

1852  Greeves,  Thomas    .    .  40  00 

1857  Gricner  &  Harkness  100  00 
1801  Grellet,  IVter   ...  30  00 

1817  Griffith.  Jolm  R.  .  .  70  00 
1751  Griffith,  William  6'  33 
1859  Griffith,  W  illiam  F.  .  30  00 
1788  Griffiths.  Samuel  P.,  M.D.  26  67 
1851  Grigg,  John 2,125  00 

1818  Griscom,  Samuel  30  00 

1885  Griscom,  William  A.  .  90  00 

1756  Grath,  Andrew  Henry  53  33 
1865  Grave  &  Brother  .  .  200  00 
1855  Grave,  Henry  ....  100  00 

1762  Growdon,  Lawrence  .  133  33 

1755  Grubb,  Nathaniel  .  .  27  47 
1855  Gumbes,   Rebecca  .  350  00 

1855  Gurney,  Eliza  P.  .    .    .  500  00 

1796  Gurney,  Francis      .    .  30  00 

H 

186s  Hacker,   Elizabeth  M.  40  00 

1865  Hacker,  Hannah  M.  .  40  00 

1857  Hacker,  Isaac  T.     .    .  200  00 

1845  Hacker,  Isaiah     .    .  530  00 

1865  Hacker,  J.  Barclay  40  00 

1845  Hacker,  Jeremiah  .    .  560  00 

1865  Hacker,  Morris   ...  50  00 

1857  Hacker,  N.  P.  S:  S.  W.  100  00 

1865  Hacker,  Paschall  40  00 

1865  Hacker,  William  40  00 

1845  Hacker,  William  E.    .  60  00 

1785  Haga,  Godfrey     .    .    .  126  66 

1786  Haines.  Caspar  Wistar  2667 
1796  Haines,  Catharine  .    .  266  67 

1865  Haines,  Henry     .    .    .  380  00 

1866  Haines.  Jane  R.  .    .    .  500  00 

1886  Haines,  Newbold  R.  .  30  00 
1762  Haines,  Reuben  .  .  .  133  33 
1806  Haines.  Reuben  .    .    .  100  00 

1757  Hair,  Eleanor  ....  56  31 

1856  Hall.  A.  Douglass,  M.D.  60  00 

1751  Hall.   David 152  66 

■775  Hall,  William   ....  124  80 


1781  Halluwell,  Israel      .    . 

i860  Hallowell,  Morris  L.  . 

1857  Hallowell,  M  L.,  &  Co. 

1756  Hallowell,  Thomas    . 

1766  Halnecker,  George 

1881  Hamilton,  George  P.  . 

■759  Hamilton,  James     .    . 

■759  Hamilton,  Robert   .    . 

1811  Hamilton,  Talbot    .    . 

1886  Hamilton  &  Sons, 

William  C 

1886  Hamilton,  William  C. 
1872  Hanimcrsly,  George  W, 
1867  Hannnitt,  Barnabas  . 
1764  Hammilt,  Benjamin  . 
1S67  Hammitt  &  Neal  .  . 
1848  Hancock,  Samuel  P.  . 
1867  Hand,  James  C.  &  Co. 

1856  Hand,  James  C.  .  .  . 
1831  Handy,  George  .  .  . 
1859  Handy.  Margaret  J.    . 

1761  Hannis,  Andrew     .    . 

1762  Hannum,  John  .  .  . 
184S  Hansen,  Robert  .    .    . 

1857  Hansell,  William  S.  . 
1S45  Hanson.  William  R.  . 
1769  Harbeson,  Benjamin 

1558  Harbet  &  Davis  .    .    . 
1761  Harbine.  Jonathan 
1867  Hardie,  James  G.    .    . 
1775  Hardie,  Capt.  Robert 
1852  Harding,John,Jr.,.M.D. 
1751  Harker,  .■\dam     .    .    . 

1559  Harkness.  .-Mfred  M.  . 
1865  Harlan,  Geo.  C,  M.D. 
1834  Harlan,  Richard  .  . 
1769  Harnian,  Jacob  .  .  . 
i8,^8  Harmer.  James  .  .  . 
1867  Harmer,  William  .  . 
1863  Harmstead,  George  R. 
i86o  Harper,  James  .  .  . 
1771  Harper,  Thomas  .  . 
1893  Harper,  William,  Jr., 

1855  Harrah,  CharlesJ.  .    . 

18.S7  Harris,  Ann 

1859  Harris,  George  W.     . 

1841  Harris,  Joseph  C.    .    . 

1887  Harris,  Marv  Powers 
1845  Harris,  Robt.  P..  M.D. 

1828  Harris,  Thomas,  .M.D. 
1836  Harris,  William,  .M.D. 

1858  Harrison,  A.  W.  .  .  . 
■  7*4  Harrison,  Charles  .  . 
1889  Harrison,  Frazier&Co 

1829  Harrison,  George   .    . 

1856  Harrison,  George  L.  . 

1560  Harrison,  Mrs.  Geo.  L. 
■759  Harrison,  Henry     .    . 
1858  Harrison.  Joseph.  Jr. 
l8i6  Hart,  .-Kbraham    .    .    . 
1867  Hart,  Henrv,  M.  D.    . 

1786  Hart,  John 

1884  Hart,  Marv  C 

1856  Hart,  William  H.    .    . 

■775  Hartley.  James    .    .    . 

1S83  Hartshorne,  Charles  . 

1843  Hartshorne,  Edward,M. 


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iSii  Ilartslxjrm-.Jos..  M.I) 

178^  HartsliDrnc,  I'altison 

17.S6  Harlsliiiriu-.  Kiilianl 

1796  Harvey,  Isaar.  Jr.  . 

I».s6  Harvey,  Jusiali  I..  . 

1867  Harvi-v,  Mrs.  Julia 
1807  Harviy,  Pliilip  Wliitl 
1835  Hasillini'.  Jnliii 
1810  Haskitis,  Tlii>?nas 

1751  Hasscrt,  .-Xmil 
'755  Hatkinsoii,  Julin 
1859  Haucl,  Juks 
1857  Haiiji,  Hirman 
1828  Havin,  Josluiu 
1856  Hay.  William  . 
1758  Hayilock,   Kl>iii  . 
1783  Haydiick,  Kuln-rl 

1821  HaycUick,  SaniiiL-l 

1856  Haywood,  Mrs.    . 
I8j8  HaywoofI,  I.rwis 

1846  Hazaril.  .X.  KiilUrtoii 
1828  Hazard,  KrskiiK- 

1752  Hazard,  Sanuul 
1S64  Hazard,  Sptiuir  H. 
1787  Hazk-hiirsl,  Isaac  . 
■795  Head,  .Ann  .... 
17.S4  H tad,  John  .... 
1785  Htail,  John  Jr.     .    . 

1857  Hilarton,  ("..  Craij;, 

M.  I) 

iSjg  Htilinan  M:  Rank     . 

1M58  Hclniiith,  licornf    . 

1858  Hclniuth,  W.  S..  M. 
1839  liiliniitli.  Mrs.  & 

Williani 

184.S  Hiinl..!,  Williani     . 

1847  HiiKkrson,  Kdwin 
iS,S7  Henderson,  (korge 
1760  Henderson,  Williani 
1762  Hendrick,  .M>raliain 
1.S65  Hendrie,  Daniel  .  . 
1864  Henry  &  Co  ,  T.  C. 
1787  Henszev,  Joseph 

1868  Hentz,  j.  Henrv 
1867  Henzey,   Marshall 
1801  Herkness,  Adam 
1856  Heron  &  Martin  .    . 

1858  Herring,  Silas  F.     . 
'755  Htwes,  Hugh  .    . 
1758  Hewes.  Josiah  .    .    . 

1859  Hewson,  Addinell, 

M.  D 

iSoi  Hewson,  Thomas  T. 

M.  I) 

1822  Hevlin,  Rowland 

Parry,  M.  I).     .    . 

1856  HihbanI,  Mary  .  . 
1754  Hicks,  Kdward  .  . 
1798  Hi^Kins,  Francis  . 
i8s6  Hildeburneit  Bros. 
I.SS9  Hildelnirne,  Charles 
1889  Hildeburne,  Mrs. 

Janus  II 

1764  Hill,  Henrv  .... 

1857  Hill,  Marshall  .    .    . 


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Hillhorn,  Joseph      ,    .  383  12 

HilleKas,  .Michael    .    .  32  53 

Hiltzheimer,  Jacob  2833 

llinckle,  John           .  146  67 

Hinds,  Rev.  Willi.im  I'.  i,<xk)  00 

llinman,  Daniel  II.     .  100  00 

Hitner,  George    ...  26  67 

Hobart,  Robert  K.  50  00 

Hobart,  Knocli        .  26  67 

Ihulgdon,  Sanuiel  .  26  67 
Hodge,  H.  I.enno.x, 

M.  D .So  00 

Ho<lge,  Hugh  I..,  M.  I).  2,?o  00 

Hodge,  Williani  I,.  50  ou 

Hodgson.   Mrs.   M.    A.  50  00 

Ilotiinan,  Christian  J.  300  oi> 

HolVinan,  William  .    .  26  67 

Hollanil,  Thomas    .    .  26  67 

Holling,  Michael     .    .  26  67 

Hollingshead,  Hugh  F.  30  00 

Hollingsworth.  Henry  40  00 

Hollingswortli.  Levi  .  260  17 

Hollingsworth.  I'aschai  50  00 

Hollis,  Peter  C.    .    .    .  50  00 

Homer,  Collady  it  Co.  200  00 

Hand,  John 27  00 

Hoopes  &    Townscnd  750  00 

Hoopes,  Adam     ...  80  00 

Hoopes,  Curtis    .    .    .  i<x)  00 

Hoopes,  Thomas  I*.    .  io<i  00 

Hookley,  Richard  ,    .  72  00 

Hooteii,  lUniamiii  .    .  26  67 

Hoover,  Joseph  K.  30  00 

Hopkins,   Edwaril  M.  550  00 

Hopkins,  James  .    .    .  1,590  00 

Hopkins,  James  H.    .  100  00 

Hopkins.  William  .  .  63  09 
Hopkins,  Win.  Karton, 

.M.  D 40  00 

H<)|)kinson.  Francis  .  38  66 

Hopj»er,  Kdward  30  00 

Hopper.  William     .    .  100  00 

Horn,  .Ale.\andt.r  K.  .  100  00 

Horner,  Benjamin  .    .  5^  67 

Horner,  Joseph  I*.  .    .  30  00 

lliirner.  Mrs.  E.      .    .  200  00 

HoriuT,  Mrs.  N.  K.    .  200  00 

Horner  Miss  K.  W.  .  100  00 
Horner,  William  K.  M.I).     30  00 

Horstnian  iV  Sons.W.H.  800  00 

Horstman.  W.  J.      .    .  60000 

Horstnian.  W.  H.  .  .  20000 
Horstnian,  W.   J.  and 

S.   H ^soo  00 

Hoskins,  Heiskell^t  I'o.  100  00 

Hoskins.  Ji>hn  (i.    .    .  30  00 

House.  Samuel    .    .  26  67 

Hfiuston,  Henry  H.    .  i,.S,50  00 

Houston.  William    C.  1,000  00 

Howard  &  Co.      .    .    .  100  00 

Howard, John  .  26  67 

Howard,  Philip  R.       .  200  00 

Howell.  .Arthur  H.  100  00 

Howell.    lU-nianiin     B.  .5000 

Howell  i<:  Brothers  505  00 

Howell,  (ieorge  .    .    .  yio  00 


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Howell,  HuKli          . 

S26  67 

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Howell,  Isaac  .    .    . 

26  67 

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Howell,  John  A.  .    . 

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Howell,  Joseph     .    . 

200  00 

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Howell,  Jfiseph  K.  . 

80  12 

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Howell,  Joshua    .    . 

102  66 

1858 

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Howell,  Sanuiel  .    . 

+4  66 

1774 

1772 

Howell,  Samuel.  Jr. 

45  90 

18.55 

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Howell    William     . 

100  00 

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Ho.xie,  S.  K.     ... 

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Hoyt  iS:  Rrotlier  .    . 

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Hubley,  .iVdam     .    . 

84  2.3 

1858 

1782 

Hubley,  John    .    .    . 

26  67 

1885 

1765 

Hudson.  .Samuel 

106  43 

1856 

1754 

Hudson.  William 

26  67 

1857 

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Hu'^lus,  John    .    .    . 

130  14 

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Hulme,  John     .    .    . 

30(j  00 

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Humphreys,  Charles 

38  02 

1848 

1759 

Hum])lireys,  James 

7.S  51 

■8.59 

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Humphreys,  Joshua 

26  67 

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Humpliries,  Charles 

400  00 

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Humpliries,  May 

500  00 

■855 

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Hunt,  ."Vlfred    .'  .    . 

50  00 

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Hunt,  John    .... 

26  67 

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Hunt,  Roger     .    .    . 

26  67 

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Hunt,  William,   M.  I).          ,80  00 

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Hunter.  Charles  T.. 

Dr.       I  JO  00 

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HuntLT,  (ieor^e,  .M.I).           29  10 

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Hunter,  James     .    . 

27  33 

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Hurley,  Aaron     .    . 

75  00 

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Hurlev,  Massev  .    , 

5X)  00 

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Hurley.  Robert  M...M.I).       26  66 

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Hurley,  Samuel 

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Hutchinson  Benjamin  !'.     150  00 

1869 

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Hutchinson,      Charles 

1858 

Hare 

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Hutchinson,  Emlen 

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Hutchinson,  Joseph  H., 

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350  00 

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Jackson,  David.  .M.  I).  S28  62 

Jackson,  Isaac  11.    .    .  30  00 

Jackson,  Rich.ird        .  428  00 

Jac(>bs,  J^)seph      ...  39  56 

Jacoby,  Leonard  26  67 

James,  Abel 130  19 

James,  Jeffries  &  Sons  100  00 

James,  John 26  67 

James,  John  ().     ...  33  34 

James,  Joseph  ....  26  67 

James,  Kent  it  Santee  370  00 
James,  Thos.Chalkley  Ur.     26  67 

James,  Thomas  C.  .    .  300  00 

Jamison,  John,  Jr,   .    .  50  00 
Janney.  Benjamin  S.,  Dr.      100  00 

J.'Uis,   Lewis 100  00 

Janson,  L)erick     ...  66  67 

Jaurcstche  is  Car.stairs  kx>  00 

Jayne,  David,  M.  1).  .  1,530  00 

Jayne,  David  W.     .    .  30  00 

Jayne,  Eben  C,     .    .    .  80  00 

Jeaiies,  Joseph      .    .    .  600  00 

Jeanes,  Joshua  T.    .    .  2.10000 

Jeanes,  Samuel    .    .    .  2,280  00 

Jeanes,  Thomas  ...  50  00 

JelFeries  Chalkley  .    .  30  00 

Jekyll,  John 26  67 

Jenks,  Klizabeth  Slory  5,000  cxj 

Jenks,  Helen  C.  .    .    .  50  00 

Jenks.  Helen  I .50  ocj 

Jenks,  Jose|)h  R.  1,03000 

Jenks,  Watson      ...  40  00 

Jenks,  William  P.    .    .  5,050  00 

Jenney,  Robert.  LL.D.  26  67 

Jennings.  Napoleon  .-\.  irx)  00 

Jessup,  .Alfred  I).     .    .  2,000  00 

Jessup.  Mrs.  A.  D.  100  00 

John  Frederick  L.  .    .  50  00 

Johns,  Matthew    ...  29  62- 

Johns,  Sidney  ('•.     .    .  io<j  00 

Johnson,  Israel  H.  .    .  400  <x> 

Johnson  John   ....  120  <«j 

Joiuison,  Joseph  ...  26  67 

Johnson,  Joseph  ...  30  00 

Johnson,  Lawrence    .  800  00 

Johnson,  .Mary  M.    .    .  1,80000 

Johnson,  Robert  S.  2(x>  00 

Johnson,  Ruth  L.     .    .  100  00 

Johnstm,  Russell  H.   .  30  00 

Johnson,  Samuel     .    .  500  00 

Johnson,  William    .    .  50  66 

Johnston,  .Alexander  W.  30  00 

Johnston.  Wni.  P.,  .M.I).  30  00 

Jones,  .Alfred    ....  30  00 

Jones,  .Andrew  M.  .  530  00 

Jones    B.  Muse     ...  50  00 

Jones,  Mrs.  B.  Muse  .  ,50  (x) 

Jones,  Caleb      ....  30  00 

Jones.  Charles  .    .    .    .  202  71 

Jones,  Kdward     ...  26  67 

Jones,  Ezra 26  67 

Jones,  George  W.    .    .  ,30  00 

Jones,  Herbert     ...  74  36 

Jones,  Isaac 394  75 

Jones,  Isaac 26  67 

Jones.  Is.aac  C.     ...  .30  (mi 

Jones,  Jacob 66  67 


3«7 


iS67  Jones,  Isaac  I.,  Ji 

1855  JoiRS,  Isaac  T. 
1762  JiiiK-s,  Jacob 

1H51  Junes,  Jacijl)  1*.     .    .    . 

1X03  Jones,  James    .... 

'754  Jones,  John 

i88»  Jones,  John  II.      ... 

'795  Jones,  Jonathan        .    . 

1X20  Jones,  Jonathan   . 

'759  Jones,  Joseph    .... 

1809  Jones,  Josepli    .... 

1856  Jones,  Joseph    .... 
iXsg  Jones,  Mrs.  Joseph 
1W6  Jones,  Mrs.  Mary  T.  . 
17.%  Jones,  Norris    .... 
1S67  Jones,  Owen     .... 
'775  Jones,  Owen,  Jr.      .    . 
17X7  Jones.  Richard     .    .    . 
'754  Jones,  Roherl   .... 
'773  Jones,  Kohert   Streltel 
1X65  Jones,  Samuel  .... 
1865  Jones,  Samuel  llarvi-y 
'''*57  Jones,  Samuel  N.    .    . 
I.Hig  Jones,  Sanuiel  T.     .    . 
1S56  Jones,  Sanuiel  \V.  .    . 
''^Sg  Jones,  Mrs.  Samuel  \V. 
KS87  Jones,  Sarah  F.   .    .    . 
1803  Jones,  Thomas     .    .    . 
'759  Jones,  William     .    .    . 
''**55  Jones,  William  1).  .    . 
i,S47  Jordan,  Antoinette 
1870  Jordan,  J.  Kwini;,  M.  I). 
'794  Jordan,  John     .... 
1S46  Jordan,  John  'r.  .    . 
i86«  Jordan.  John  W.  .    . 
1761  Jay.  (.apt    Daniel    . 
17.S7  Joyce,  Doininiclc     .    . 
1761  Judah,  .\hraliani      .    . 
1831  Justice,  Ge<>r>;e  M. 
'''*57  Justice,  (leor^e  R.  . 
1S58  Jones,  I'hilip  S.    .    .    . 

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17S1  Kaijjhn,  John    .    .    . 

1807  Kane,  Klisha  K. 

1864  Kay.  Alfred  .    .    .    . 

1756  Kearney,  Kdmund 

1755  Kearsley,  John,  M. 

1754  Keen,   I'eter  ... 

1769  Keen,  Reynold     . 

1859  Kellev,  Charles   . 

1848  Kellev,  Dennis     . 

1857  Kelto'n.  Robert     . 

1759  Kendal     Benjamin 

1754  Kensil,  Mattliias  . 

1855  Kent.  William  ('. 
182:  Kenworthy.  John 
1761  Keppi'l.  Henry 
1S69  Ketchum.  J«ihn 
1814  Kinilier,  Knnncr  . 
1841  Kimber,  Thomas 

1856  Kimber,  Thomas, 
1761  KinK.  Charles  .  . 
1751  King,  Joseph    .    . 


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1801  Kini;.  Reay 

1893  Kinnehan.  Rev.  K. 

1761  Kinsey,  I'hilip  .... 

1857  Kirk.  William  .... 

1858  Kirkbride    .Ann  Jenks 
1S58  Kirkbride,  .Ann  West 

1859  Kirkbride,  Klizabelli 
1842  Kirkbride.  John  .    .    . 

1858  Kirkbride,  Jos.  J.,  M.  D. 
1867  Kirkbriile,  l,iz/.ie  H.  . 
1754  Kirkbride,  .Malilon 
1835  I  Kirkbride,  Thomas  S.. 

1859]      M.  I) 

1856  Kirkham,  William  .    . 

1856  Kirkpatrick.  David 

1859  Kirkpatrick,  De  Haven 

1866  Kirkpatrick,  Kdwin   . 

1857  Kirkpatrick,  Kdwin  T. 
i>J57  Kirki)atrick.  Roulanil 
1.S67  Kirk|)alrick,  William 
1801  Kisselman,      Fretlrick 

1858  Kisterbrach,  Josiah 
1881  Kline.  Mahlon  N.    .    . 
18,56  Kniuhl,  Kdward  C. 
1786  Knii;IU.  I'eter  .... 
1858  Kni;;lil.  Reeve  I,.    .    . 
'755  Knowlis.  John      .    .    . 

1867  KoniKmacher.  .Ailam  .A. 
1S58  Koanes,  Charles  .    .    . 
1857  Koanes.  Isaac  .... 
1751  Koplin,  Matthias     .    . 
179S  Krebs,  Cieorne     .    .    . 

1762  Kreeble.  (".eorge  .  .  . 
1754  Kripner,  I'aulus  .  . 
1856  KruK.  Frederick  \'.  . 
1754  Kuhl,  Kdward  .... 
1774  Knhl.  Frederick  .  .  . 
'754  Kuhl,  Marcus  .... 


1S26  Ui  Ri>che,  Rene.  M.  D. 

1856  Lanuerennc,  I'.  I..  . 

1.S59  Lambert,  John     .    .    . 

1856  Lancaster,  Jacob  B.  . 
1764  Lancaster,  Joseph  .  . 
1787  Land.  Henry  M,  M.  1). 
1.S59  I.anilreth,  liaviil  .  . 
1867  Landreth,  iV  Co..  I).  . 
1852  Lannhorne,  Daniel  A. 

M.  1) 

i860  Lapsley.  Mrs.  .Anna  W. 

1851  La|>sley.  David    .    .    . 

1857  Lajjsley.  Joseph  B.  . 
1786  Large,  Kbenezer  .  . 
1865  Lamed,  William  H.  . 
I.'i57  Law.  Kdward  K.  .  . 
I859  Law.  Mrs.  Kdwar<l  K. 

1864  Lawrence,  Henry   .    . 
1816  Lawrence,  Mahlon 
1751  Lawrence,  Thomas,  Jr. 
I7S9  Lav,  Benianiin     .    .    . 

1858  Leii,  Henry  C.      .    .    . 

1852  Lea,  Isaac 

1810  Lea,  Joseph 

1865  LcaminR.  J.  F'isher 
i860  Leaniv,  Miss  A.  .    .    . 


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180 

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530 

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100 

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600 

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1.646 

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500 

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130 

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130 

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100 

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200 

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100 

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1,048  87 

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50 

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Le-\.  Charles  E.    .    .    . 
Liddan,  .\braliani   .    . 
Licper,  Thomas  .    .    . 
Lightfoot,  Thomas 
Lightfoot  &  Walton   . 
Liglitfoot,  William 
Lincoln,  Abel   ... 
Lindsay  iS:  Blackstoii 
Lindsay,  John  .... 
Linnard,  James  M. 
Lipjiincott,  George 
Lippincott,  Horjice 
Lippincott,  Jas.  Dundas 
Lippincott,  J.  K.  S:  Co. 
Lippincott,  Joshua 
Lippincott  S:  I'arry    . 
Little,  .^mos  R.  &  Co. 
Little  iV  Shannon    .    . 
Livezey,  Edward,  ^LD. 
Livezey,  John  ... 
I^ivezey,  Sarah  M.  . 
Livezey,  Thomas,  Jr. 
Llovd,  Isaac  S.    .        . 
Lloyd.  Maria  D.  .    . 
Lloyd,  Samuel     .    . 
Lloyd,  Susan  P.  .    .    . 
Lloyd,  William    .    ,    . 
Logan,  Cieorge,  M.  D. 
Logan,  William   .    .    . 
Long,  James     .    .        • 
Longstreet,  Wm.  W. 
Longstreth,  Joshua     . 
Longstretli,  Mary  .Ann 
Longstreth,  Morris,  M.D 
Longstreth,  Wm.  W. 
Looney  Robert    .    . 
Love,  John  B.  .    .    . 
Love,  Thomas  C.     .    . 
Loveriiig.  Joseph  S.    . 
Lowber,  William  T.  . 
Lowbcr.  Mrs.  and  Miss 

Lowe,  A.  C 

Lowler,  Edward 
Lownes,  James 
Lownes,  John   . 
Lownes,  Joseph   . 
Lownes,  Joseph 
Lownes,  Josiah  H.  .    . 
Lo.vley,  Benjamin   . 

Lucas,  Setb 

Lucas,  William    .    . 
Ludlum,  (ieorge      .    . 
Ludwell,  I'liilip    .    .    . 
Ludwick,  Chrisloplier 
Ludwig.  Kneedler  iS;  Co. 

Luke,  John 

Lukens,  Casper  P..  M.D. 
Lukens,  Charles.  M.D. 
Lukens,  John   ... 
Lutz,  David  M.    .    .    . 

Lyle.  James 

Lynch,   William  .    . 

Lynn,  John 

Lvon,  Capt.  Charles 

"A  Lady" 

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Macalislcr,  Charlfs    . 

Ma<UI(K-k,  'riionias 

Mail<l..<k,  William  I.. 

Manarjiff. C'liarlis  . 

Magcc,  Janus  T. 

MaKic,  Michail  H.      . 

.MaKi-'t,  W'iilianiS.  .    . 

MaKi<--,  T.  S:  C"o.      .    . 

.Mak'din,  John  .    .    . 

Malin,  William  C.  .    . 

Malonc  &   I  aviiir    . 

Malta,  SunsuV  ... 

Mandt-rson,  An<lri«  . 

MandcTson,  Janus  .    . 

Manclcrson   Tliumas  . 

Mar^ee,  Cliarli-s  .    .    . 

Markoe,  Janus,  M.  U. 

Marks,  Lt-vi 

Marriott,  JiiSfph  .    .    . 

Marriott,  Thomas   .    . 

Marshall,  liinjamin    . 

Marshall,  Ikiijamin    . 

Marshall,  Charks   .    . 

Marshall,  Charles,  Jr. 

Marshall,  Christian, Jr. 

Marsh.'ill.  ('hristoplu-r 

Marsh.ill    Klizal.ith    . 

Marshall,  John     .    .    . 

Marshall.  Marv    .    . 

Marshall.  Riiliaril  M. 

M.irshall,  Sarah   .    .    . 
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Mason.  .'Xbrahain     .    . 
•Mason,  John     .... 
Mason,  SanuK'l    .    .    . 
Mason,  Samuel    .    .    . 
Mason.  .Samuel,  Jr.     . 
Massey.  Collins  .t  C"o. 
Massey,  Houston  <S:  C"o. 
Massey.  Roliert  \'.      . 
Massey,  Samuel  .    .    . 
Massey,  William      .    . 
Massey,  William  \'. 
Massey,  Wrijjht  .    .    . 
Masters,  William     .    . 
Mather,  Jose|ih    .    .    . 
Matthews,  c:alel)B.,M 
Matthews,  lIuKh     .    . 
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Mattson.  C.  H.     ... 
Maule,  Kdward   .    .    . 
Maulc,  Henry  .... 
Maule,  Israel    .... 
Maule,  Thomas    .    .    . 
Mayfield.  William  R. 
Mavherry,  Thomas 
McAllister  &  Brother 
McAllister,  John  .    .    . 
McAllister.  John,  Jr. 
MciVllistcr,  Thomas  II. 
McAllister,  William  N'. 
McBrlde,  Patrick    .    . 
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McClenachon,    Blair  . 
McConkey,  Uavid  .    . 
McCracken,  James 
Ml  C'rea,  James    . 
McCrea,  James  .^.  .    . 
MiC"ullon«h,  John  .    . 
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Mcllvaine,  James    . 
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McLane,  Allen     .    .    . 
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1.S5S 

Miller,  Hiram  .    .    . 

100  00 

1867 

1.S92 

Miller,  Isaac  L.   .    . 

SO  00 

1865 

17.S6 

Miller,  James    .    .    . 

26  67 

1846 

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Miller,  John  .    .    . 

1,55  00 

1854 

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Miller,  John  S.      . 

200  00 

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Miller,  Maiinus    . 

26  67 

1841 

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Miller,  Peter     .    . 

26  67 

i8s2 

1S56 

Miller,  Richards  .    . 

100  00 

1865 

1S66 

Miller,  Thomas    .    . 

150  00 

1 88 1 

185S 

Miller,  William    .    . 

120  00 

1757 

1856 

Milne,  David    .    .    . 

800  00 

1796 

1761 

Milner,  Edward  .    . 

26  67 

1796 

1764 

Milner,  Edward  .    . 

26  67 

1865 

1857 

Mislcev,  A 

irx3  00 

1867 

1867 

Miskev,  Merrill  S: 

■S57 

Thackara  .... 

500  00 

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1848 

Mitchell  &  Bro.    .    . 

30  56 

1801 

1867 

Mitchell,  J.  E.  .    .    , 

50  00 

1754 

182s 

Mitchell,  J.  K.,    M.  1 

30  00 

1866 

18.S4 

Mitchell,  S.  Weir.  .M. 

D .         T,(>  00 

1756 

1760 

Molantl,  John.  Jr.    . 

26  67 

1S65 

1857 

Molloy,  Michael  .    . 

TOO   00 

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Montelitis,  William 

40   00 

1800 

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Moode.  William  . 

26    67 

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Moon.  Mahlon      .    . 

50   00 

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IlKJ    00 

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26    67 

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1                      26    67 

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\ao  00 

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Moore  &  Son  James 

500  00 

1855 

1856 

Moore,  J.  Wilson.  M. 

D.        icx>  00 

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30  00 

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26  67 

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66  66 

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142  26 

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).         200  00 

1756 

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I,S6  66 

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62  69 

1857 

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50  00 

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66  66 

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Moore.  William  1 1 , 

5,S50  00 

1874 

1859 

Moorehead,  Joel  H. 

600  00 

1S67 

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Ci.        100  00 

1764 

1759 

Morgan,  Benjamin 

133  76 

1806 

1757 

Morgan,  Evan      .    . 

178  71 

1 78 1 

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Morgan,  John,  Dr.  . 

26  67 

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1 858 

Morrell,  John  R.      . 

200  00 

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).            100  00 

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Morrell,  William,  C; 

pt.        30  66 

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Morris,  Anthony     .    . 
Morris,    Anthony,    Jr. 
Morris, Benjamin  Wistar 
Morris,  Cadwalader  , 
Morris,  Catharine    .    . 
Morris,  Catharine  W. 
Morris,  Casper,  M.D. 
Morris,  Casper  W. 
Morris,  Effingham  li. 
Morris,  George    .    .    . 
Morris,  George  C.  .    . 
Morris,  George  W.     . 
Morris,  Gouverneur  . 
Morris,   Hannah  .    .    . 
Morris.  Henry      .    .    . 
Morris,  Isaac  P.  .    .    . 
Morris  &  Co,,  I.  P.     . 
Morris,Towne.tCo.,I  I'. 
Morris,  Isaac  W. 
Morris,  Israel    ... 
Morris,  Israel  W.    . 
Morris,  Israel,  Jr.   . 
Morris,  Jacob  G.     .    . 

Morris,  Jacob   G.,  Jr 

Morris,  James  T.    . 

Morris,  Jane         ... 

Morris.  John     .... 

Morris,  John,  M.  D.    . 

Morris,  John  M.  .    .    . 

Morris,  Jolni  T.    .    . 

Morris,  J.  H 

Morris,  Jones  &  Co.  . 

Morris,  Josejili     .    .    ■ 

Morris,  Joseph     . 

Morris.  Joshua 

Morris.  Levi      ... 

Morris,  Luke   .... 

Morris,  Lydia       ... 

Morris.  P.    Penibcrton 

Morris,  Richard  Hill  . 

Morris,  Robert     .    .    . 

Morris,  Samuel    .    . 

Morris,  Samuel,  Jr.    . 

Morris,  Samuel    .    .    . 

Morris,  Stephen  .    . 

Morris,  Stephen  P.     . 

Morris,  Stephen  P.     . 

Morris,  Tasker  &  Mor- 
ris     

Morris,  Thomas  .    .    . 

Morris,  Thomas,  Ir.  . 

Morris,  Wheeler  &  Co. 

Morris,  Wistar     .    .    . 

Morris,  William  .    .    , 

Morris,  Wistar  (familv 
of) I 

Morrison,  George  iSl  F:v: 

Morrison,  William  .    . 

Morton,  Charles  :M.     . 

Morion,  Helen   K.  ,    . 

Morton,  John    .    . 

Morton,  John,  Jr. 

Morton,  Robert        .    . 

Morion,  Robert  P.  .    . 

Morton,  Samuel  . 
Morton,  Samuel  C 

Morton,  Sanuiel  G.,  Dr. 


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1754 
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1847 
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Morton,  TliomasCF.  Dr. 
Morton,  Thomas  S,  K., 
Moses,  lloraci;     .    . 

Moss,  K.  L 

Moss,  John 

Mover,  Charles    .    .    . 
Mover  ^t  Hros.  K.  P.  . 
Miillowhy,  John  .    .    . 
Mnr^atroytl,  JanR-s 
MurKatroytl,    Thomas 
Murray,    Ann    and 

Charks  Willin,;  .  . 
Murray,  Mrs.  per 

Chas.  VViMiuK  .  .  . 
Musser,  William  .  . 
Myers,  John  H.  ... 
Myers,  Joseph  B.  .  . 
Myers,  Kirkpatriek  .t 

Co 

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"  M."  William  M. 


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182^  Nanired 

185(5  Neall,  Daniel    .    . 

1764  Neave  &  Son,  Richard 

1751  Neave,  Samuel     .    .    . 

1760  Ne.nte,  William    .    .    . 

1857  Needles.  J.iseph  .A.     . 

l8is  Neill,  Henrv.   M    I).  . 

1852  Neill.  John  M    D  . 

1751  Nelson.  John         ,    .    . 

i860  Nelson,  Mrs.  Kolierl  . 

1786  Nesbit,  .Alexander  .    . 

1857  Nevins.  James      .    .    . 

1856  Newhold.  Charles 

1828  Ncwbold,  James  S.     . 

1856  .\ewl)old,  Son  it  Aert- 

son 

1867  Newluill.  Boric   tV   Co. 

184s  Newhali.  Paul  W.   .    . 

1856  Newhali.  Thomas  .A.  . 

1863  Newlin,  J.  Shipley  .    . 

1856  Newlin.  Thomas  S.     . 
1863  Newlin.  Thomas  S.,  Jr. 
1871  Newkirk.   Kev. 

M.itthew.  Jr.     .    .    . 

1822  Nicliols()n,  Lindsay 

1867  Nicholson.  Richard  I,. 

1786  Nicklin.  Philip     .    .    . 

1759  Ni.xon.  John 

1751  Noble,  Sanuu-1      .    .    . 

1859  Norcross  ^i  Sheets  .    . 

1751  Norris,  Charles   .    .    . 

iSqo  Norris.  Charles    .    .    . 

1.S33  Norris,  (Jeor^e  W.,  Dr. 

1751  Norris,  Isaac    .... 

1857  Norris.  Isaac  .... 
1813  Norris,  Joseph  P.  .  . 
17Q4  Norris,  Mary  .... 
1,856  Norris,  Richard  .  .  . 
1863  Norris  iS:  Sons,  Richard 
1863  Norris.  .Samuel  .  .  . 
1863  Norris,  William  K.,  Dr. 
1865  Norton.  Charles  F.  . 
1845  Notman,  John  .... 


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00 

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Oakford  &  Son,  Charles 
Oat,  lieor^e  R.     .    .    . 
Odenheinier,  John  .    . 
OtVev    Daniel    ... 
OKdeii,  Charles  S. 
t)Kden,  John   M.  .    . 
Okie,  J.  B,     . 
Olden,  John  . 
Ord,  lleoiKe 
Ord,  John 
Ord,  Joseph  H 
Orde,  (ieorne 
Ormes,  Samuel.  M    1 1 
( )rne,  Henjamin    , 
Orne.  James  il. 
Orne,  J.  I-".  .S:  K.  B. 
Orsborne,  Charles  . 
Osbourne,  Lewis  (1. 
Otto,  John  C,  Ml). 
Olio.  Margaret  J.    .    . 
<  'Mseiand,  John        .    , 
< 'nterbridne,     llarvev 

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Owen,  George     ,    .    . 
Owen,  Griffith     . 


Packard,  Frederick  A. 

M.  D 

Packard,  John  II  ,  M    !> 
Packer,  Asa  . 
Pane,  George  W  .     .    . 
Pajce,  G.   WashiuHlon 
P.iHe,  William  Byrd,  Dr. 
Palmer,  John     .... 
Palmer  M:  Co..  Jonathan 
Palmer,  Thomas  .    .    . 
Palmer  <S:  Co..  Thomas 
Paiicoast.  M.  I).  .    .    . 
Pardee,  Ario     .... 
Panlee  iS:  Co.,  A.     .    . 
Parke,  Hannah    .    .    . 
Parke,  Thomas,  M.  D. 
Parker,  Charles  Collins, 

M.  D 

Parker,  Jeremiah     . 
Parker,  Joseph 
Parker.  Richard 
Parker.  Rich.ird 
Parr,  William  ... 
P.irrish,  Daviil     .    . 
P.irrish,  DiltwMi      .    . 
Parrish.  George  I ). 
Parrish,   Isaac  . 
Parrish,    Isaac.    M.    1). 
Parrish,  John    .        . 
Parrish,  Josejih.  .M.  D. 
Parrish.  Samuel       .    . 
P.irrish.  William  I) 

Parry, Isaac  

Parry  .t  R.indolph       . 
Parry,  Samuel  .        . 
Partridge.  Richard 


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Pascliall,  KlizalKlli 

Coates 

Pascliall,  Isaac    .    .    . 
Pascliall,  Joseph  . 
Pascliall,  Joseph  ,    .    . 
Pascliall,  Rola-rt  S.    . 
Paschall,  Sarah    .    .    . 
Pascliall,  Thomas  .    . 
Paschall,  Tliuinas   .    . 
Patterson,  F.dward 
Paltcrsoii,  Joseph    .    . 
Patterson,  Mrs.  Morris 
Patton,  Abraham 
Patton,  J.  Price    .    .    . 
Paul,  Daniel      ... 
Paul,  Daniel,  Ir.       .    . 
Paul,  Daniel  R.    .    .    . 
Paul,  Hannah  .... 
Paul,  James  W.    .    .    . 

Paul,  John 

Paul,  John 

Paul,  Joseph     .... 
Paul,  Joseph  M.  .    .    . 
Paul,  Sarah  R.     .    .    . 
Pa.Kson,  William  P.     , 
Peace,  Ann  Coleman  . 
Peace,  Edward,  M.  D. 
Peace,  Edward  Coleman 
Peace,  Philip  Physic  . 
Pearne,  Richard      .    . 
Pearsall,  Robert  ,    .    . 
Pearson,  Davis     .    .    . 
Pearson   &  Co.,  Davis 
Peel,  Oswald    ... 
Peirce,  Calel)    .... 
Pemberton,  Henry 
Pemberton,   Israel  .    . 
Pembertun,  Israel,  Jr. 
Pemberton.  lames  .    . 
Pembertor.,  lolin     .    . 
Pemberton.  Joseph 
Peninjiton,  Edward 
Peninttton,  Edward,  Jr. 
Penington,  Isaac 
Peniston,  John  F.    . 
Penn,  Joiin    .... 
Penn,  John,  Jr.     .    . 
Penn,  Thomas  and 

Richard,  (sonsofWi 

Penn)  

Pennock,  Abraham  I. 
PennocU,  Caroline 
Pennock,    Caspar    V\'. 

M.  D 

Pennock,  George  . 
Pennock,  Nathaniel 
Pennock,  Sallie  VV. 
Penrose,  Charles 

Bingham,  M.  I).  . 
Penrose,  James    .    . 
Penrose,  Thomas    . 
Penrose,   Thomas,  J 
Penrose,  William 
Pepper,  Ffedrick  S. 
Pepper,  Citorge   .    . 
Pepper,  Mrs.  Cleorge  S. 
Pep|)er,  Henry     .    .    . 


i860 

Pepper,  Mrs.  Mary     . 

S30  00 

$26  67 

1867 

Pepper,  Mrs.  S.  N.     . 

70    (X) 

45  .U 

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Pep])er,  William,  M.  D. 

260  f») 

29  66 

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I'ei)|)er,  Will..  Jr.,  M.D. 

.50    'H) 

266  66 

1866 

Perkins,  Benjamin,  Jr. 

4<j  00 

100  0(J 

1S48 

Perot,  CMiarles  .... 

403  00 

333  33 

1856 

Perot,  Edward     .    .    . 

300  00 

34  66 

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Perot,  P^lliston     .    .    . 

423  33 

200  00 

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Perot,  Elliston      .    .    , 

I(X>  00 

100  00 

1 856 

Perot,  P'rancis      ... 

UK)   00 

150  00 

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Perot,  John 

160   00 

100  00 

1856 

Perot,  Joseph    .... 

160   00 

26  66 

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Perot,  Sanson!  .... 

30   00 

100  00 

1867 

Perot  &  Co.,  T.  Morr.s 

60   00 

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Perot,  William  S.    .    . 

100  Ot> 

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Peters,  p'raiicis    ,    .    . 

too   (X> 

30  00 

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Peters,  Richard   .    .    . 

■33  33 

100  00 

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Peters,  William   .    .    . 

26  67 

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Peterson,  Derick    .    . 

28  67 

26  67 

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Peterson,  George    .    . 

50  00 

50  00 

1864 

Peterson,  R.  S.     .    .    . 

30  00 

30  67 

1765 

Pettit,  Charles      .    . 

29  10 

50  00 

17S1 

Phile,  Frederick,  M.  I). 

26  67 

225  00 

1857 

Philler,  Cieorge    .    .    . 

100  00 

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Phillips,  Ellen  .... 

30  00 

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Phillips,  Emily    .    .    . 

100  00 

30  00 

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Phillips,  Henry  M.      . 

2(X)   00 

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Phillips,  Moro  .... 

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Pliipps,  Sarah  .... 

55  "0 

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Phvsick.   Henry  .    .    . 

26  67 

300  00 

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Physick,  Philip's.  M.  1), 

140  00 

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Pickering.  Timothy 

26  67 

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Pierpont,  P'rancis    .    . 

100  00 

66  66 

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Piatt,  Clavton  .... 

30    CK> 

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Piatt,  Wil'liam  .... 

130  iXi 

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Pleasants,  Israel  .    .    . 

50  <» 

266  67 

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Pleasants,  Mary  T.     . 

50  00 

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Pleasants,  Samuel  .    . 

,84  02 

119  21 

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Plunistead,  William    . 

66  66 

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Pole,  John      

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Pollvart,  Ignatius   .    . 

26  67 

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Porter,  William  A.      . 

45  o" 

26  67 

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Potter,  Thomas    .    .    . 

200  00 

26  67 

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Potts,  David,  Jr.      .    , 

150  00 

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Potts.  John 

106  66 

80  00 

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Potts,  Jonathan,  M.  1). 

96  00 

266  66 

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Potts,  Joseph    .... 

266  66 

1768 

Potts,  Samuel  .... 

33  33 

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Potts,  William  F.    .    . 

250  oil 

493  33 

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Poulson,  Zachariah,  Jr. 

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150  o<i 

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Poultney.  Charles   W. 

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Powell  John  Hare  .    . 

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Powell,  Mrs  J,,hn  Hare 

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135  99 

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Powell.  Samuel    .    .    . 

288    (Kl 

^0  00 

■8.S9 

Powers,  Mrs   Anna  M. 

1,050    00 

26  67 

1848 

Powers.  Thomas  H.  . 

I,, ^40    (» 

34  66 

1781 

Poyntell,  William    ,    . 

III     00 

293  33 

1786 

Pragers,  Michael     ,    . 

26    67 

26  67 

■857 

Pratt,  D.  T 

30  <X> 

30  act 

I. So  I 

Pratt.  Henry    .... 

'33  33 

30  ixj 

■859 

Preston.  Jane    .... 

100  (X> 

100  00 

1852 

Price,  Eli  K. 

140  00 

30  00 

1804 

Price,  Joseph            .    . 

26  67 

393 


1S52     I'rici.-,  Jiisliiia  I 

I.SJ2  Price.  Richard     .    .    . 

'■\S"  I'ricf,  Stephen  S.    .    . 

iSii  I'rice.  William,  M.  I ). 

1770  I'riiiHle,  Jiihii    .    .    .    . 

i«57  Pritclutt  Jt  Hau;;h  .    . 

iSsg  I'rilclRll,  Tlmmas  . 

1S67  I'roctiir,  William,  Jr. 

1758  Purviance,  Samuel 

i.S6,s  Purvis,  Miss  Fanny  K 

i>S66  Purvis,  Sarah  .\. 

1S57  Pusey,  Kilwaril  T.  . 

1761  Pusey,  William     .    .    . 


i>57  oueen,  James  W.    .    . 

R 

1795  Ralston,  Rohert  .    .    . 

1S67  Ramherger,  William  K. 

i,H65  Rami,  H.  Iluwar.l.  M.I). 

1559  Randall,  .^.  I..  .    . 
1865  Randolph,  Kdw.  Tavlor 
i.S2(i  Randolph,  Jacoh,  Mil). 
1S56  Randolph  i^Jenks  .    .        I 
i)<67  Randol))li,  Julianna    . 
1851  Randolph,  Nathaniel 

1857  Randolph    Richard     . 
i8^i  Rankin,  David     ...       i 
1864  Rathlnm,  R.  N.    .    .    . 
■757  Rawle,  Benjamin     . 

17.56  Rawle,  Kraiuis    .    .    . 

I7,S9  Rawle.  William    .    .    . 

1763  Raw  son,   Christopher, 

1758  Read,  Andrew      .    .    . 

1788  Read,  James     .... 

1864  Read,  John  M.      .    . 
i,S57  Reath,  Renjamin  H. 
1751  Reilman,  John.  M.  I>. 
1756  Redman.  Joseph 

1858  Redner,  Joseph  J.    . 
1867  Redner,  Lewis  11. 
1857  Reed,  William  B.     .    . 
1804  Redwood,  William  .    . 
1706  Reeve,  Peter     ... 
186.5  Reeves,  Samuel  J.  . 

1859  Rchn,  William  L.    .    . 
1867  Reid,  William  P. 
1859  ReiKle,  Jacob    .    .    . 
i:6i  Reillv.  John 

1865  Reillv  &  Son,  P  . 
1857  Reillv,  Philip  S.  .  . 
1867  Reillv,  Rohert  I.. 

1856  Relf.Charles  P.  .  .  . 
1758  Relfe,  John        ... 

1857  Repplier,  John  G.  .  . 
1867  Repplier,  J.  G.&G.S. 
1751  Revnell  John  .... 
1857  Revnolds.  .Anne  R. 

1865  Rhann.  W.  11 

1756  Rhea,  John 

1859  Rlioads,  Charles  .    . 

1864  Rhoads,  Edward,  M.I), 

1560  Rhoads.  Klizaheth  . 
1S64  Rhoads,  Jas.  E..  M.  1). 
1859  Rhoads,  Mary  .Ashhrid^e 
1751  Rhoads.  Samuel  .    .    . 


S.'<o  00  I 

1765 

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1857 

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1858 

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18.59 

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26  57 

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50  00 

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1762 

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1857 

Rhoads,  Samuel,  Jr.    .  $4665 

Rhoads,  Samuel  .    .    .  100  041 

Rhoads,  William  G.    .  .^o  oo 

Rholiothain.  Geor|{e  .  26  67 

Rianhard,  11.  B.  .    .    .  ,50  00 

Rice,  John 2,o<x)  00 

Richards  ^:  Carver  .50  00 

Richards,  George  W.  200  00 

Richards,  Jonathan  30  00 

Richards,  Mark  40  00 

Richards,  Samuel   .    .  38  o« 

Richards,  William  II.  105  ixi 

Richardson,  Erancis  54  66 

Richardson,  Hannah  80  o<» 

Richarilson,  John    .    .  50  00 

Richardson,  John  J.  50  00 

Richarilson,  Joseph  504  79 

Richardson,  Jose|)h  (;.  yt  oo 

Richardson,  Mary  ,    .  53  t^j 

Richardson,  Richard  .5<m)  00 

Richar<l.son  iS:  Co.,  Tims.  1,250  00 

Riche,  Thomas    ...  26  67 

Rickets.  .Mrs.  M.     .    .  50  <x> 

Rickets,  John  T.      .    .  100  00 

Riddle,  Samuel    .    .    .  100  00 

Rid>;w;iy,  Jacob  .    .    .  500  (jo 

Ridt;way,  John  J.    .    .  1,53000 

Ridfjway,  Thomas  .    .  300  <x> 

Rig^s.  Romulus  ...  26  67 

Ringold,  Thomas    .    .  72  00 

Ritchie,  Crais;  \).     .    .  70  00 

Rittenhouse,  I)avi<l    .  34  67 

Rittenhouse,  Nicholas  26  67 

Kitter  M:  Brother  .^'^  *)" 

Rohli,  James     ....  50  tx) 

Roberdeau,  I),aniel  8009 

Robbins.  Stephen    .    .  .V)  "" 

Roberts  it  Co.,  A.  P.  .  4ix>  00 

Roberts,  A.  S    >t  E.    .  i,<xk)  (xj 

Roberts,  Albert  E.  ifxi  00 

Roberts,  Caleb  C.    .  16  66 

Roberts,  Charles  60  00 

Roberts,  Elihu     .    .  26  67 

Roberts,  George     .  43  37 
Roberts,  CieorKe  B., 

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Roberts,  HuRh        .    .  86  14 

Roberts,  llunh     .  100  ixi 

Roberts,  Mrs.  HukIi  .  i<x)  00 

Roberts,  Isaac      ...  26  66 

Roberts.  John  .    .  .58  66 

Roberts,  John  li..  Ml).  130  <xj 

Roberts,  Solomon  W.  626  67 

Robeson,  John      ...  26  66 

Robeson.  Th<»mas  .    .  53  33 

Robins.  John.  Jr.     .    .  325  ix) 

Robins,  Stephen      .    .  50  (X> 

Robins,  Thomas  .    .    .  uxi  (Xi 

Rollins.  Mrs.  Thus.     .  .50  00 

Robinson,  Mancure  1  ,o8(^j  rx> 

Robinson.  Thomas  28  80 

Rockhill  <S:  Wilson  .    .  2ix)  00 

Rogers,  Charles  H.     .  1  ,o<x)  00 

Rogers,  Evans     .    .    .  1,110  cx) 

Rogers,  William      .    .  50  cxi 

Ronaldson,  Richard  .  6,020  <xj 

Rosengarteii,  Geo.    1).  325  00 


394 


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500 

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100 

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100 

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00 

1S46 

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Rowland  S:  Co.,  James 

UK) 

fMJ 

1760 

1.S64 

Rowland,  Nathan    .    . 

.50 

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1754 

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Rowland  &Co.,  W  illiam 

PX) 

CO 

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Rue.  John  R.     .    . 

lew 

00 

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RuKan.  Cliarles    . 

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1857 

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Rundle,  Danit-i    -    - 

75 

35 

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Rundle.  Richaril 

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67 

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1770 

Rush.  Beniamin.  .M.l  1. 

546 

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Rush,  James.  .M.l>. 

V> 

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45 

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Rush,  William      . 

32 

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1857 

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Russell,  Kdwaril 

26  67 

1S52 

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Rutter,  Clement  S. 

HX) 

00 

1864 

1788 

Rutter.  Geor,E;e 

4" 

00 

i.s.,6 

I'-^S? 

Rutter,  Xewhall.  .S;  C. 

100 

00 

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Rutter,  Thomas  .    . 

53 

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■863 

1858 

Ryerss,  Joseph  W. 

KXJ 

00 

1876 

1849 

A"  Restored  Patient" 
S 

ICKt 

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■845 
1856 

1S64 

Sager.  Adeline  Mar?;aret 

5" 

00 

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Saltair,  Thomas  .    .    . 

26 

67 

186., 

■»59 

Sansoni,  Hannah 

500 

00 

17.58 

1794 

Sausom,  Joseph   .    .    . 

26 

67 

1856 

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Sansom,  Samuel      .    . 

59 

47 

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1768 

Sansom,  Samuel.  Jr.  . 

32 

00 

1754 

'783 

Sansom.  William     .    . 

4'3 

33 

17.54 

1852 

Sargeant,  Kitz- 

1884 

William,  Jr 

.^0 

00 

1856 

1752 

Sauer.  Christopher 

93 

33 

1863 

1814 

Saunders.  Ann     .    .    . 

205 

00 

1S07 

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Saunders.  J.  iS:  M.  .    . 

l(X> 

00 

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1856 

Saunders,  John        .    . 

50 

00 

1752 

1754 

Saunders,  Josejjh    .    . 

'73 

00 

1751 

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Saunders.  Macphersun 

50 

00 

175S 

i«55 

Sauter,  Charles    .    .    . 

33 

33 

1771 

1811 

Savage,  John     .... 

.30 

00 

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Savage  .So  Co..  J.  R.    . 

50 

00 

I  700 

1864 

Savery.  William.  M.  I). 

.30 

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Sawyer,  James     .    . 

5" 

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1859 

1780 

Say,  Benjamin,  M.  1). 

27 

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107 

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i8,?4 

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Scattergood.  Joseph   . 

120 

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Scattergood,  Samuel  S. 

.50 

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Scattergood.  Thomas 

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Schaffer,  Josejih  L.     . 

I  IK) 

00 

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Schafier,  William  I,.  . 

1,50 

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Schiedt.  Abraham   .    . 

30 

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18.59 

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Schiedt.  (Jottlieb 

30 

00 

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Schiedt.  Coltlieb 

579  45 

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Schlatter.  William 

50 

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00 

1755 

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Scliott,  James  .... 

l.lO 

00 

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Schott,  James.  Jr.    .    . 

30 

00 

1761 

1887 

Scott,  Anna  U.     .    . 

500 

00 

1834 

1759 

Scott,  John 

53 

33 

1762 

1856 

Scott,  John  M. 

30 

00 

1764 

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90 

00 

1819 

1858 

Scull,  David 

.Soo 

00 

1858 

Scull,  Gideon   .        . 

21X) 

00 

1.S67 

Seckel,  (ieorge  I>avid 
Seckel,  Lawrence  .    . 
Sellers  &  Penuock 
Sellers  &  Co.,  William 
Sellers.  Samuel    .    .    . 
Sergeant.  John     .    .    . 
Serniftn.  Josi-ph    .    ,    . 
Sennard. Joseph      .    . 
Seybert,  Henry   .    .    . 
Shaw.  Samuel  .... 
Shallcross.  M.C..  .Vl.li. 
Shannon.  Kllwood  .    . 
Shannon.  Jacob  H.  .    . 
Sharpless,  Anna  R.     . 
Sharpless  Bros      .    .    . 
Sharpless,  Blakey    .    . 
Sharpless.  Edward 
Sharpless,   Knos  .    .    . 
Shari)less,  Henry  G.  . 
Sharpless,  Isaac  .    .    . 
Sharpless.  John  M. 
Sharpless.  John  S.  .    . 
Sharpless,  M.  V.  B.     . 
Sharpless.  Nathan 
Sharpless.  Samuel  J. 
Sharpless,  Townsencl 
Sharpless,  William. 

P.  .t  A 

Sheatr.  John  T.     . 
Shee.  Walter     .    . 
Sheppard.  Catharine 
Shei)pard.  Rebecca  C, 
Shewell,  Joseph   .    . 
Shewell.  Stephen 
.Shinn.  James  T.  .    . 
.Shipley,  Joseph    .    . 
Shipley,  .Samuel  R. 
Shipley,  Thomas 
Shipley,  Thomas 
Shipley,  William 
Shippen,  Edward 
Shippen,  Edwartl.  Jr. 
Shippen,  Joseph,  Jr.  . 
Shippen,  William.  Ml ). 
Ship])en,  William.  Jr.. 

M.  D 

Shober,  loseph  B.    .    . 
Shober.  John  B.,  M.D. 
Shober.  Samvie!  I.. 
Shoemaker,   Benjamin 

H 

Shoemaker.  2d, 

Benjamin  H.     ... 
Shoemaker.  Charles  . 
Shoemaker.  Charles 
.Shoemaker.  Charles  H. 
Shoemaker.  Geor.ge    . 
Slu)emaker.  Jacob  .    . 
Shoemaker,  Jacob  . 
Shoemaker.  Jacob.  Jr. 
Shoemaker.  John     .    . 
Shoemaker:  John  W. 
Shoemaker.  Jonathan 
Shoemaker.  Jonathan 
Shoemaker,  Nathan. 

M.  D 

Shoemaker.  Robert    . 


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1857  Slioiniakir  &  (.1)., 

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1876  Shoiniakir,  Saniiul  li.  30  00 

l8oi  Slioumakfr,  Thomas  .  26  67 

1867  Sliortridm'.  N.   I'arkiT  2,000  00 

1890  Sliryock,  Fliirini-u  V.  30  00 

1891)  Sliryock,  W'illiani  KiiIkIU      30  00 

1858  SlmstL-r,  I.awriiui-  icx)  00 
1756  Shiitf,  Attnood  ,  .  .M  66 
'759  Slnilf,  Barnehy  .  80  00 
1758  Sliuti-,  William  .  26  67 
1858  Sii'KiT,  I'lUr     .    .    .  100  <K) 

1856  Silvt-r,  Joseph  S.  .  ,  hk.»  00 
18S0  Siii^crly,  William  M.  i,i«k)oo 
1865  Simcs,  Alfxamler    ,    .  50  00 

1885  Simcs,  Klcanor  A.  .    .  ,soo  «> 

1858  Simis,  Samuel  .  .  .  upo  <jo 
1867  Simts  &  Son,  William 

K 100  00 

1835  Simmons,  Rebecca  30  00 

1857  Simmons.  Samuel  R.  150  00 

1859  Simmons,  Kdward  hk;>  00 
1756  Sims,  Bnckridge  *>S  73 
1761  Sims,  Joseph  ....  91  00 
1883  Sims,  Joseph  ...  .?o  00 
1801  Simpson,  John  50  00 
1/74  Simpson,  .Samuel  26  67 
1848  Siter,  John  ....  30  00 
1768  Sitgreaves.  William  26  67 

1801  Skerrett,  James  ...  99  33 
1817  Skerrett,  William  .\  35  00 

1858  Slade  &  Co.,  Alfred  100  00 

1857  Sloan,  Henry    .            .  100  00 

1855  Sloan,  Samuel      .    .  130  ix) 

1859  Sloat,  (;eor;;e  B.  100  o« 

1856  Small,  Robert  II  2cx)  rx) 

1858  Smith,  Allien  II  ..\1  11.  50  00 
1845  Smith,  .-\le\ander  II  15000 
1834  Smith.  Benjamin  1*.  30  00 
1867  Smith,  fharles  .  .  .  2i«  00 
1856  Smith,  Daniel,  Jr.  .  2ix)  00 
1863  Smith.  I).  C    Wharton  30  00 

1859  Smith.  Kdrnund  .  .  .  nxj  00 
1881  Smith.  iMhv.ird  nx)  00 
1856  Smith,  Kdward  A..  Ml).  2ihj  00 
1859  Smith,  F.  G.,  M.D.     .  30  00 

1855  Smith,    (ieorKe,    M.D.  21x100 

1806  Smith,  (ieor^e  .  ,  120  00 
1859  Smith,  (leorjje  K.  ,  .^o  00 
1859  Smith,  (leor^e  I'.  .  .  iix)  00 
1837  Smith, (jeor^e  Roliirts  1,1,8000 
1847  Smith,  Henry  H., M.D.  3000 

1856  Smith,  Jacob  R.  .  .  450  00 
1865  Smith,  Isaac  R.    .    .  30  <h> 

1802  Smith,  James  ...  30  00 
1785  Smith,  James,  Jr.  .  .  26  67 
1865  Smith.  James  D.      .    .  50  00 

1857  Smith.  James  S.,  Jr  100  00 
1751  Smith.  John  ....  152  81 
1760  Smith.  John 26  67 

1807  Smith,  John 50  00 

1886  Smith.  John  F.  .  .  .  5,00000 
1863  Smith.  Jolm  Jay  .  .  .  3000 
1857  Smith.  John  T.  .  .  .  100  00 
1767  Smith,  Jonathan  B.  26  67 
l8i,s  Smith,  Joseph  .Mien  30  00 


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Smith,  Joseph  T.      .    . 
Smith,  .Mary     .        . 
Smith,   Misses  .    . 
Smith,  Newberry  A. 
Smith,  riiilip    .... 
Smith,  Randolph  S:  I'o. 
Smith,  Rebecca  Darby 
Smith,  Richard    .    . 
Smith,  Robert      .    . 
Smith,  Robert  .... 
Smith,  Robert  I'earsall 
Smith,  Sally  Roberts 
.Smith.  Samuel     .    . 
Smith.  Samuel  F.    . 
Smith,  Stephen    .    .    , 
Smith,  Thonias    . 
.Smith.  Thom.is  M. 
Smilli,  Walter      . 
Smith.  Willet 
Smith,  William 
Smith  .t  fo.,  W.  I! 
Smith  &  Co.,  W.  D 
Smith  &Co  ,  William  S. 
Smith.  William  W. 
Smyth,   l.iiulley  .    . 
Snelleiiburn,      Natliaii 
Snowdeii,    Isaac 
Snowden,  Jedediah 
Siiowdeii.  Leonard 
Snyder,  John    Cieorne 
Society,   St.    .Andrews 
Solins,  Sidney  J 
Soiimans.  Peter.  \1   1 1 
Souder   it  Scui.     K.  .\. 
Sourin.  Rev.F.dwanI  J. 
Sonlhall,  Sanuu-1 
Sowers.  William   H 
Spacknian.  Samuel 
SpaiiKler.  C.  K. 
Sparks.  Thomas  .    ,    . 
Speak  man.  Tow  list  11  d 
Spear,  James    . 
Spellissy,  Joseph  M  .  Dr 
Spencer.  Charles 
Spencer,    William     Ci. 
Spicer,  Jacob        ... 
.Sooner,  David  C     . 
Spooner,  Kdwin  .    .    . 
Spooner,  William  S. 
Spra;;ile,  Ksther 
Sprankle,    Wall- 
Spreckles,  Clans 
Stamper,  John 
Stamper,  Joseiih 
Stanley,  Moses     . 

Stanley,  V 

Stanley,  W 

Starr,   Isaac  .    .    . 
Starr,  Isaac,  Jr.   . 
Starr,  Mrs.  Isaac 
Starr,  James     . 
Steadman.  Rosa  . 
Steeii,   Robert  .    . 
Steiner,  Jolm  I'.  . 
Steimnetz,  Daniel 
Stevens,  Cornelius 
Stevens  it  Miller 


M 


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30  oo 

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26  67 

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26  67 

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130   (XI 

2,500  00 
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625  00 

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80  (X> 
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26  67 
26  67 
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'77' 

Stevens,  Robert  .    .    . 

$26 

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1856 

1856 

Stevenson,     Cornelius 

200 

00 

1867 

1856 

Stevenson,  Miss 

1867 

Frances  N 

300 

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1844 

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Stevenson,  James    .    . 

26 

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1864 

1781 

Stevenson,  Robert      . 

43 

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IS66 

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Stevenson,  William    . 

30 

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Stevenson,  William  E. 

100 

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Stewardson,  ijeor^e  ■ 

30 

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1859 

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Stewardson.     Thomas 

60 

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1858 

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Stewardson,  Tliomas.Ji 

.     100 

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Stewardson,  Thomas,  M 

D.  30 

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Stewart,  James    .    .    . 

26 

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Stewart,  James,    M.I). 

27 

00 

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Stewart  iV  Peterson    . 

300 

00 

1856 

1802 

Stewart,  Thomas    .    . 

40 

00 

1859 

1857 

Stewart.  William  H.  . 

1,000 

00 

1859 

1818 

Stiles,  Edward   James 

30 

00 

I85S 

1843 

StillC-,  Alfred,  M.D.    . 

80 

00 

1857 

1857 

Stille.  Miss  Maria    .    . 

100 

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1876 

1849 

Stille,   Mcjreton,    M.I). 

30 

00 

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Stillman,  Thorjias  .    . 

50 

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1765 

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Stitt  &  Brown  .... 

100 

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1761 

Stivers.    John    Casper 

26 

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1859 

1816 

StocU,  John  

30 

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Stod<larl.  Cnrwen  ,    . 

114 

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1852 

1867 

Stoddart.  Curwen,  Jr. 

>^3 

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Stoddart,  Joseph     .    . 

113 

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1859 

1859 

Stokes.  Cranville    .    . 

100 

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1845 

1802 

Stokes,  James  .... 

41 

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18 -,6 

1S60 

Stokes,  Joseph  W. 

30 

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1859 

1857 

Stokes.  Samuel  E.      . 

400 

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1852 

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Stone.  Jatnes    .... 

26  67 

1761 

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Stone  &  Sons.  John    . 

250 

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1758 

Stoopes.  James    .    .    . 

26 

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i860 

1758 

Stor\'.  Enoch    .... 

64  5S 

1867 

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Stotesbury,  Richard  (;. 

50 

00 

1858 

1771 

Stout,  Joseph    .... 

25 

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1858 

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Stratton  iSc   Brothers  . 

125 

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Stroker.  Adam     .    .    . 

26  67 

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Strawbridi;e.  Justus  C. 

30 

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1859 

1754 

Stretcli,  Joseph    .    .    . 

168 

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'756 

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Stretch.  Thomas     .    . 

26 

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Strettle.  .^Kmos      .    .    . 

481 

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1754 

1867 

Stronj^,  William  .    .    . 

100 

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1816 

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100 

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'859 

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Struthers.  John    .    .    . 

40 

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1815 

1858 

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200 

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17S1 

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Struthers,  William 

300 

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1856 

1857 

Stuart,  (ieorge  H.  .    . 

600 

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1 865 

1876 

Sunderland,  John    .    . 

200 

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1858 

1867 

SuppU-e.  John           .    , 

30 

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1814 

1816 

Sutler.  Charles  J.     .    . 

30 

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1 864 

1807 

Sutter,  Daniel  .... 

80 

00 

1857 

1784 

Swanwick,  John  .    .    . 

40 

00 

1786 

1772 

Swift,  Joseph    .... 

84  58 

1865 

1844 

Swift.  Joseph     .... 

1,2^5 

00 

1 86 1 

1 76 1 

Swift,  Samuel       -    .    . 

26  67 

1858 

1S48 

Svkes.  Robert  W.  .    . 

30 

00 

1858 

1775 

Syng.  Philip     .... 

44 

00 

1882 

1867 

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100 

00 

1817 

1875 

S..M 

50 

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Tales,  George  .... 

100 

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1859 

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Taskcr,  Joseph  R.  .    . 

30 

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Tasker,  Rebecca  A.   . 

100 

00 

1766 

1844 

Tasker,  Thomas  T.    . 

2,530 

00 

'754 

1852 

Tasker,  Thomas  T.,  Jr. 

30 

00 

1780 

Tathain,  Brothers   .    .     $1,350  00 

Tathani,  (Ieorge  N.    .  200  00 

Tathain,  Henry  B.  .    .  200  00 

Tathain,  William  P.    .  680  00 

Tatum,  Edward  ...  30  00 

Taws,  Lewis  ....  100  00 
Taylor,  Charles  .    .    .       1,600  00 

Taylor,  George  E.  .    .  300  00 

Taylor,  George  W.     .  50  00 

Taylor,  Gillespie  &  Co.  40000 

Taylor,  CJillespie     .    .  200  00 

Taylor,  James  ....  65  00 

Taylor,  John     ....  .?4  66 

Taylor.  John  IJ.  .    ,    ,  5cj  00 

Taylor,  Jos.  W.,  M.  L).  200  00 

Taylor,  Mar5'A.  .    .    .  100  00 

Taylor,  Nathan    .    .    .  100  00 

Taylor,  Virginia  .    .  100  00 

Taylor,  William  .    .    .  iix)  00 

Temple,  Joseph  E.  80  35 

Tessiere,  Mrs 50  00 

Test,  David 26  67 

Thackara  Jas.  Allen  30  00 

Thackara,  William  40  00 

Thaine,  David      ...  50  00 

Thomas,  George,  M.D.  30  00 

Thomas.  George     .    .  2cw  00 

Thomas,  Isaac,  M.  D.  30  00 

Thomas,  Jacob  M.  .    .  30  00 

Thomas,  Jane  ....  200  00 

Thomas,  John  D.     .    .  35  00 

Thomas,  John  R.     .    .  30  00 

Thomas  Joseph  ...  32  00 

Thomas,  Jose])!)  .    .    .  266  66 

Thomas,  Joseph  M.     .  50  00 

Thomas,  Lydia    .    .    .  100  00 

Thomas,  Moses   ...  125  00 

Thomas,  Moses  &  Son  150  00 

Thomas,  Richard  S.  .  30  00 
Thomas,  Samuel  A.    .        1,000  00 

Tliomas,  William  G.  .  100  00 

Thompson.  Charles    .  1 1 1  56 

Thompson,  Charles  T.  30  00 

Thompson,  Christopher  40  00 

Thompson.  Edward  .  300  00 

Thompson,  George    .  100  00 

Thompson,  James  B.  60  00 

Thompson,  Jolin      .    .  30  67 

Thompson,  John  J.  400  00 

Thompson,  John  J.,  Jr.  13000 

Thompson,  J.  Edgar  .  600  00 

Thompson,  Jonah  .  .  50  '.'o 
Thompson,  Lewis  ^  Co.  100  00 
Thompson,  Newcomb  B.      100  00 

Thompson,  Peter.  Jr.  31  66 

Thompson,  Susan  T.  30  00 

Thompst>n,  Th(»m;is   .  kk)  chj 

Thompson,  Wm.  M:(ieo.  100  00 

Thomson.  George  H.  100  00 

Thorn.  George  W.  .    .  41  67 

Thum.  George     ...  40  00 

Thurlow.  Hughes  &  Co.  200  00 

Tlmrlow.  Paul      .    .    .  100  00 

Tilge,  Henrv  Sl  Co.    .  250  00 

Tilghman.  James    .    .  53  33 

Tillbury,  Thomas   .    .  61  51 

Timmons,  Dean  ...  53  33 


397 


1755  TinkiT.  JdIiii 

'775  Toilil,  Akxanclir     . 

17«7  Toilcl,  John    ... 

1799  Tolaml,  IKnry     .    . 

1764  Towers,  koliirl 

1781  Toivvrs.  Kobi-rt.  M.I  I. 

1847  Tott  111',  John     ... 

1856  Townc,  John  II.  .    . 
1867  Townst-nd,  F.  ('•. 
1859  Townsind,  lliiiry  . 
1858  Tounsiiiil,  Joseph  H 
i860  Townsctul.  Solomon 
1810  Traquair,  Janus  .    .    . 
»^S7  Tri-(hck,  Betijaniin  S. 
1867  Triinlik-,  Joscpli  .    . 
1867  Trott.  (leorKf  .... 
1S56  Trotter,  t  harlis  W.    . 

1857  Trulti-r,  t  harlis  N.  . 
1856  TroltiT,  Kdward  II.  . 

1864  Trotter.  (leor^e  .  .  . 
1752  Trotter.  Jost-ph 

1856  Trotter,  Win.  Henry 

1867  Troutnian.  (leorKe  Si. 

1856  Truck.  John 

1789  Truman,  Riiliard 

i8i;9  Trump.  Mu  liael  iS;  Son 

1819  Tucker,  A.  H..   M.  I). 

1820  Tucker.  Benjamin 
1751  Tuite.  Robert        .    . 

1801  Tunis.  Richard    .    . 
1761  Turner,  Joseph 

1754  Turner.  Peter   .... 

1873  Turnpenny,  Kli/alieth  R. 

1856  Turnpenny.  Joseph  C". 

1876  Turnpeiinv.  Marv   K. 

1865  Tutt    Charles  I'..  M.I). 

1802  Twells.  (Jodlrey  .  .  . 
1787  Tyliout.  Andrew  .  . 
1865  Tyler,  (ieorge  K.  .•  . 
1785  Tyson.  Daniel  .... 

1856  Tvson,  Job  R 

1864  T.  S 

U 

1769  L'sher,  Abraham  .    .    . 


1893  Valentine,  John  K. 

1856  Vansyckle,  Mrs.  S.  li. 

1761  Vanderen,  John  .    .    . 

1756  VanderspieRel,  William 

1859  Vandever  it  Bolton     . 

1837  Vandyke,  F.  A.    M.  I). 

1796  Vasse,  .Ambrose  .    . 

1785  Vaujthn.  John    .... 

'855  Vau.x,  Eliza  H.    .    .    . 

1826  Vau.'c.  fieorge  .... 

1856  Vau.t,  fleor^e  .... 

1819  Vaux.  Roberts     .    .    . 

1856  Vaux.  William  S.    .    . 

1867  V'aux.  William  S.     .    . 

I8,s6  Verree  S:  Mitchell  . 

1859  Vezin,  Charles      .    .    . 

1799  Vicary,  William  .    .    . 

188?  Vizard.   Isabella  .    .    . 

17S6  Von  I'huls,  William 


S5.?  3.; 

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26  67 

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\\"achsmulh,  John  <i. 
Waddell,  Henry  L.  . 
Waner,  Philip  jk   (k-o. 

Habacker       .    .    , 
Wa^;ner.  .Abraham 
Wanner,  Charles  H. 
Wanner,  .Mary     .    .    . 
Warner,  Tobias  .    .    . 
Wanner.    Mrs.    Tobias 
Wanstall.-,    riiom.is    . 
Wannvrinl't.     William 
Walker,  John  R.  .    . 
Walker.  Richard 
Wall,  John     ... 
Wallace,  Kllerslie.  Mil 
Wallace,   Henry  .    . 
Wallace,  Janus    .    . 
Wallace,  John  W. 
Wallace,  Joshua  M.  I  )r 
Wallace,  William 
Walley.  Sanuiel  .    . 
Wain.  .Annie     .    .    . 
Wain,  Kdward     .    . 
Wain,  Henry  I,.  .    . 
Wain,  Jacobs.     . 

Wain,  Jesse 

Wain,  Nicholas    .    . 
Wain,  Richard     . 
Wain,  Robert    . 
Wain,  Rr>bert,  Jr. 
Wain    Sallie  N. 
Wain.  S.  Morris 
Wain,  William 
Walsh.  Robert  K. 
W.'ilsh,  Samuel 
Walton,  S.  I). 
Wartler.  Benjamin 
War<ler,    leremiah 
Warder,  Jeremiah, 
Warder,  Jeremiah,  jr. 
Warder.  John 
Warner.  .Amia 
Warner,  Catharine 
Warner,  (ieorne  N. 
Warner,  Harriet 
Warner,  John 
Warner,  Josejih    .    . 
Warner,  Joseph 
Warner.  Miskev  ^: 

Merrill     .    .    .'       . 
Warner,    Redwoinl    K. 
Warner.  Swell 
Warner,  William     .    . 
Warner,   William,   Jr. 
Warnock,  C.  W.  .    .    . 
Warrinnton,  Joseph,  Dr. 
Waterman.   Isaac  S.  . 
Waterman,  Osborne 

&  Co 

Watkins,  Joseph  .  . 
Watkins.  Joseph,  Jr.  . 
Wats<iii.  Charles  .  .  . 
Watson,  (leorne  .  .  . 
Watson,  George  W.    . 

Watson,  John 

Watson,  Joseph.  M  I). 


II. 
Jr. 


A. 


$50  oo- 

40  tMt- 

5.i  33 
26  07 
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130  00 
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49  33 
32  23 
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26  67 

26  67 

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350  00 

30  IKl 

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lOM  00 
100  00 
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233  34 

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32  00 
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70  00 
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176  25 
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398 


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1851 
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1754 
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1795 
1756 
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Watson,  Joseph    .    .    . 

Watson,].  \' 

Watson,  Lewis  T.  .  . 
Wattson,  Thomas  B.  . 

Way,  J.  T 

Weaver,  George  J.  .  . 
Weaver  &  Valkner  . 
We!)b,  James  .... 
W'eber,  John  C.  .  .  . 
Webster,  Noah  .  .  . 
Weightman,     William      8 

Weir,  Silas  E 

Wells,  Gideon  Hill  . 
Wellsford  &  Wilson  . 

Welsh,  John 2 

Welsh,  John,  Jr.  .    .    . 
W^elsh,  Josephine  K.  . 
Welsh,  Rebecca  M.     . 
Welsh,  Samuel     ...       5 
Welsh,  Mrs.  Samuel  . 
Welsh,  William   ...       2 
Welsh,  Samuel  S:Wm. 
Wentz,  Catharine   .    .       5 
Wercherer,  John  R.    . 

Werst,  John 

West,  Charles  .... 
West,  Charles,  Jr.  . 
West,  James     .... 
West    Robert    .... 
West,  William     .    .    . 
West,  William      .    .    . 
West,  Capt.  William  . 
Westcott,  George    .    . 
Westcott,  Gideon  G.  . 
Whetham,  James  U.  . 
Wetherill  &  Bro.     .    . 
Wetherill,  CharlotteW. 
Wetherill  &  Co.,  (;.  I). 
Wetherill,  (Jeorge  I). 
Wetherill,  Henrv  M.. 

M.  D 

Wetherill,  Joseph    .    . 
Wetherill,  Rachel  H.  . 
Wetzler  &  Co.,  1).  \. 
Wharton,  Charles  .    . 
Wharton,  Charles  W. 
Wharton,  Francis  R. 
Wharton,  Henry     .    . 
Wharton,  Isaac    .    .    . 
Wharton,  James  .    .    . 
Wharton,  John     .    .    . 
Wharton,  Joseph     .    . 
Wharton,  Joseph     .    . 
Wharton,  Kearney 
Wharton,  Robert     .    . 
Wharton.  Samuel   .    . 
Wharton,  Thomas  .    , 
Wharton,  Thomas.  Jr. 
Wharton,  Thomas  F. 
Wheeler,  Charles    .    .       i 
Wheeler,  Samuel     .    . 
Whelen,  Edward  S.    . 
Whelen  &  Co.,  E.  S.  . 
Whelen,  Isaac  .... 
Whelen,  Townsend  &  Co. 
Whilden  &  Sons,  Alex. 
Whitall,  lames     .    .    . 


S40  CO 

I85I 

100  00 

1864 

100  00 

1858 

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1857 

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1824 

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1754 

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1796 

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1761 

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Whitall.  John  M.         .     S2, 
Whitall.  Tatum  .Nc  Co. 
Whitaker.  Robert 
White,  .Ambrose  . 
White,  Henry  .    . 
White.  James    .    . 
White,  John,  M.  I), 
White  &  Son,  John   R 
White,  Josiah    .    . 
White,  Rebecca 
White.  Samuel  J. 
White,  Samuel  S.,  l)r 
White,  Solomon  . 
White,  Thomas  H. 
White,  Townsend 
White,  William  K. 
Whitehead,  James 
Whitfield.  Rev.  CieorKe 
Wliitelack,  Isaac 
Whitelack,  James 
Whitelack,  Martha 
Whitney  &  Sons.  .Asa     16,7: 
Whitney,  Mrs.  Asa 
Whitpain,  William 
Wickersham,  Morris 
Wickersham.  Robert 
Wiegand.  John     .    . 
Wier,  John    .    . 
WikotV,  John     .    .    . 
Wilcocks,  Benjamin  C 
Wilcocks,  John    . 
Wilco.x  &  Co..  James  M. 
Wilkinson,  Anthony 
Wilkinson,  Brvan   ■. 
Willan,  Robert    .    . 
Willets,  Jeremiah    . 
Williams,  Benjamin  1 
Williams.  Daniel 
Williams,  Henry  J. 
Williams,  Horace,  Di 
Williams,  Howard 
Williams,  Isaac  S.  . 
Williams,  Isabella  . 
Williams.  Jacob  T. 
Williams,  John  H.  . 
Williams,  Mary  Ann 
Williams  &  Co'.,  R.  r 

&J.J. 
W  illiams,  Samuel   . 
Williams,  Samuel   . 
Williams,  Stephen 
Williams.  Thomas  R 
Williamson,  Isaiah    \'.    50, 
Williamson,  Mahlon 
Williamson,  Passmore 
Williamson,  Peter  . 
Williamson.  Samuel 
Williamson.  Thomas 
Willing,  Charles.  M.n 
Willing,  Richanl     . 
Willing,  Richard     . 
Willing',  Thomas 
Willing,  Thomas  M 
Wills,  Joseph    .    .    . 
Wilmer.  J.  Ringold 
Wilnier,  John  R. 
Wilmer,  Lamljert    . 


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ilson,  AkxaiidiT 
ilsoii,  Kilward      .    . 
ilson,  Klwood,  M.  1). 
ilson,  (ictir^t  S.  .    . 
ilson,  James      .    .    . 
ilson,  Jane  G.  .    .    . 
ilson,  Joseph  I,a|)sley 
ilsoM,  Joseph  I'.    . 
ilson,  Oliver  Howard 
ilson,  R.  Sterling    . 
ilson,  Rothmel     . 
ilsc^n,  Thomas      .    . 
ilsiin,  William  S. 
ilstm  &  Sons,    Wni. 
ilstach,  William  I', 
inder,  Kdnnnul   . 
indrim  James  II. 
indrim,  John  T.  .    . 
inehrenner.  David  S. 
iney,  Jacob    .... 
irijman,  Charles,  M.I), 
irtz.  Christian  .    .    . 
irtz.  William    .    .    . 
ise,  Charles  .... 

ise,  John 

ishart,  Thomas    .    . 
ishart.  William    .    . 
ist.ir.  nartholoniew 
istar.  BartlKilomew 
istar,  B.  Wyatt    .    . 
istar,  Calel)  Cresson 
istar,  Caspar    .    .    . 
istar,  Caspar    .    .    . 
istar,  Caspar,  M.  I). 
istar,  Catharine.  Jr. 
istar,  Charles  J.  .    . 
istar,  Daniel     .    .    . 
istar,  Dilwyn    .    .    . 
istar,  Elizabeth   .    . 
istar,  John     .... 
istar,  John     .... 
istar,  John     ... 
istar,  Mifflin,   M.  D. 
istar,  Richard  .    . 
'istar   Richard  .    .    . 
istar.  Richard,  Jr.  . 
istar,  Sarah  .... 
istar,  Sarah  .... 
istar,  Thomas  .    .    . 
istar,  Thomas,  M.  D. 
istar.  William  .    .    . 
istar,  William  .    .    . 
isiar.    Wm.   Wynne 
oelppcr,  David    .    . 
oelpi>er.   David,  Jr. 
oelpper,  Georjje  .    . 
oelpper,   (icorge  G. 
omrath.    (ieorge    F. 
ood.  .Andrew    .    .    . 
ood.  Caleb    .... 

ood. George  B  ,M.D. 

ood,  Horatio  C.  .    . 
ood.  Horatio  C,  Jr., 

M.  D 

ood,  James   .... 
ood.  James  F.  .    .    . 


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Wood,  John 

W I.John  B.     .    . 

W 1.  J.iseph  .... 

WiMid  ,V  I'erot  .... 

Wood,  Kicharil  D.  .    . 

Wo.xl  «:  Co.,  Richard  D 

Wood,  William  K.  . 

Wooilhouse,  James,  Dr. 

Woodnutt,  William 

Woodside  &  Co.,  John 

Wooley,  Stephen    .    . 

Woolmer,  John    .    .    . 

Work.  McConch  ct  Co. 

Workmen,  in  Factory 
of  Code,  Hopper  «: 
Gratz       

Worrell,   Albert  .    .    . 

Worrell,  John  R. 

Worrell.  Peter      .    . 

Worth.  Francis  .Armilt 

Wnrthinglon.  Henr\*  R. 

Wri«ht.  ICdward   M. 

Wri;;lit,  (Jeorjje  .\. 

Wriijht,  James      .    .    . 

Wright,  James  A.    .    . 

Wright,  lohn     .... 

\\  riKlil,  R.  it  G.  A.    . 

Wright,  Richard      .    . 

Wright,  Samuel  .    .    . 

Wrinler,  George 

Wurtz,  Charles  S..M. I). 

WynkcMip,  Benjamin  . 

Wvnkoop,  Henrv   .    . 

W-  J ■  . 

W.  K.  R 

W.  M.  K 


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ard.   Gihnore  ,N; 
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mall.    Benjamin 
mall.  Charles  . 
arnall  S:  Cooper 
arnall,  Kdward 
arnall,  Kllis    .    . 
arnall,  Fllis   .    . 
arnall,  Francis  . 
'arnall,  Howard 
arnall,    Beter,    M. 
eaton.  William  II 
ork,  Thomas 
orke.  Samuel 
'onng,  Alexander 
'oung.  Charles   . 
'oung.  J.'imes  S. 
oung,  William 
oung,  William  J. 


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Zachary,  Lloyd,  M.  D. 

Zane,  Isaac 

Zane,  Isaac,  Jr.  .  .  . 
Zane,  Jonathan  .  .  . 
Zane,  N.athan  .  .  . 
Zane,  William      .    .    . 


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400 


CONTRIBUTIONS  FROM  ASSOCIATIONS,  CORPORATIONS,  ETC. 

Associations. 

iSSo  Atlantic  Refining  Co S500  00 

1864  Phuenix  Iron  Co 250  00 

i86q  I          Sanitary  Commission 3,ooo  00 

1864            Schuylkill  Navigation  Co 300  00 

Banks. 

1.S64            City  National 100  00 

1864            First  National 500  00 

1864            Penn  National 100  00 

1864  Philadelphia 1,000  00 

Fire  Companies. 

1759  Friendship 26  67 

1865  Reliance 200  00 

IPgj  U"'°" ^'ii 

Insurance. 
1S64  Delaware  Mutual  Safety 1,000  00 

1868  [  Mutual  Assurance 6,000  00 

1864             Mutual  Life 500  00 

1864            North  .■\mcrica 1,000  00 

1867            Philadelphia  Contributionship 5,000  00 

Railroads. 

1857             Harrisburg,  Lancaster,  and  Portsmouth 500  00 

Ja.f  Lehigh  \'allev 2,500  00 

10/  I  J 

1867  f  Pennsylvania      15,000  00 

'j,5    f  Philadelphia  and  Reading 17,000  00 

o_    (  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  and  Baltimore 6,200  00 

18/  I  J 

Townships. 

1762             Middletovvn 150  66 

1774             West  Nantmeal      16  00 

1762             Providence 13  73 

1755            Thornbury 26  67 

Miscellaneous. 

1807            First  City  Troop  of  Cavalry  of  Philadelphia,  (page  236)     .    .  6,400  00 

1855            The  Humane  Society,  (page  92) 22,478  50 

FREE  BEDS  IN  PERPETUITY. 

Memorial  Tablets  in  the  Main  Hall  of  tlie  Hospital  for  the  Sick,  contain  the 
following  list  of  names  of  persons  for  whom  beds  have  been  established  : — 

JOHN  BAIRD.  JACOB  P.  JONES. 

ALE.X.ANDER   BENSO.N".  CH.ARLES  LENNIG. 

JOHN   F.   BETZ.  WILLIAM   M.^SSEY. 

COL.  CHAPMAN  BIDDLE.  WILLIAM   HILL  MOORE. 

ELIZABETH   BINNEV.  CiEORCE  S.   PEPPER. 

HORACE  BINNEV.  HENRV  .M.   PHILLIPS. 

MARIA  E.   BLANCHARI).  JULIA  ANN  PHILLIPS. 

WILLIAM  A.   BLANCHARD.  MARY  SHIELDS. 

MARY  A.   BL'NTING.  WILLIA.M   F.  SIMES. 

MARY  CLAYTOR.  ELIZABETH   MONROE  SMITH. 

WILLIAM  WALLACE   COOK.  JOSEPH   E.  TEMPLE. 

CHARLES  M.   ECKERT.  CHARLEMAGNE  TOWER. 
WARWICK  BAMFYLDE  FREEMAN.  SAMUEL  WELSH. 

JESSE  GEORGE.  HOWARD  EMERICK  WENTZ. 

SYLVANUS  W.   GODON,  V.  S.  N.  MARY  W  HITAKER. 

ELIZABETH  STORY  JENKS.  SARAH   A.  WHITAKER. 

WILLIAM  P.  JENKS.  ISAIAH  V.  WILLIAMSON. 
ANNA   H.  WILSTACH. 


401 


-'-^^i^frlll 


Strvii'is  <>[ 
M;iiiaiii-rs. 


Till-:  HOSPITAL  ADMINISTKATION. 

'I'lif  history  of  ilie  I'ennsylvania  Hospital,  as  it  has  been  detailed 
in  the  earlier  pages  of  this  vohime,  consists  in  very  large  part  of  the 
acts  and  the  achievements  of  the  Managers,  who  are  the  representa- 
tives of  the  corporation  of  the  Contributors  in  the  administration  of 
the  affairs  and  government  of  the  institution.  Since  the  granting  of 
the  Charter  by  the  Provincial  Government  in  1751,  there  has  been  a 
constant  succession  of  active,  earnest  managers  who  have  devoted 
their  energies  and  their  time  to  the  welfare  of  the  Hospital.  So 
successful  and  efficient  has  been  their  disinterested  service  that  it  has 
commanded  universal  commendation,  both  in  this  country  and  in 
England,  the  home  of  the  former  proprietors  of  Pennsylvania.  T'he 
verdict  of  the  community  has  been  well  summed  up  in  an  address 
delivered  by  Dr.  John  Forsyth  Meigs,  a  member  of  the  medical  staff, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  conclusion  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  second 
century  of  the  existence  of  the  Hosjiital,  in  1876.     Dr.  Meigs  says: 

.\|)|>ri  ri;ilivf  Little  could   Dr.  Thomas  Bund,  or  cvc-n  that  many-sided  genius,  Franklin. 

trihuli- l>v  a    when  they  began  their  laliors  in  the  cause  of  this   Hospital,  foresee   to  what  a 

member  of   ''eight  of  honor  and  usefulness   the  institution   would  rise   in    the   cour.se  of  a 

the  Mi<lical    century  and  a  quarter.     Dr.   Thomas  Bond   died  in  1784,  and   Franklin  in   1790. 

Staff    They  had   lived   long  enouKh  to  see  the  birth  of  their  idea,  and  its  fair  progress 

durin);  the  first  thirty-odd  years  of  its  growth.      But  no  foresight  of  theirs,  either 

practical  or  poetic,  could  have  told  them  that,  in  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 

years,  this  institution   wouhl  be  spending   annually,  in   the  care  of  the  sick  and 

wounded,  and  insane  patients,  nearly  twice  as  much  money  as   its  whole  capital 

at  the  time  of  its  foinul.ition. 


402 


It  hiis  Kfowii  grtal.      ll  luis  Iniill  urtat  lunists,  ;iii(l  l.iiill  lln.111  iiii|)arciitly  on 
the  rock.     It  has  tended  an  army  of  tlie  sick.     Could  tlie  destitute  sick  poor,  who    ^^,1,]^^.^;^  ,,f 
have  passed  throuj;!'  its  gates  without  charge,  be  marshalled  into  a  visible  array,    jj,.   m^.j.,s  „[ 
we  should  behold  an  army  greater  by  three-l'old  than  the  largest  Washington  ever    :\i,,|j\.trsarv 
commanded,   and    only  a    few    thousand    less   than   that   with  which   Wellington    (\.|^.i,ration 
arrested  at  Waterloo  the  progress  of  the  greatest  and   most  insatiate  conqueror 
of  the  modern  world. 

And  how  has  this  army  been  lodged,  and  fed,  and  ruled  ?  Under  what  system 
of  administration  has  all  this  been  effected  ?  Surely,  the  organization  of  so  suc- 
cessful a  staff  as  this  must  be  worth  some  study. 

The  power — the  active  energy — in  this  machine,  lies  in  the  Board  of  Managers. 
This  Board  has  but  one  check  ujmn  it,  the  fact  that  it  must  be  elected  annually 
by  the  contributors.  The  contributors  represent  the  latent  heat  of  the  machine, 
which,  should  it  become  necessary,  may  burst  into  active  energy  of  its  own. 
<3nce  a  Manager  elected,  he  serves  so  long  as  he  serves  well,  if  he  will  to  do  so,  for 
the  contributors  do  not  believe,  fortunately  for  this  army  ot  the  poor,  in  rotation 
in  office,  but,  the  better  a  Manager  does  his  work  of  managing,  and  the  longer  he 
has  served,  the  better  the  contributors  like  him,  and  the  less  they  will  disturb 
him.  And  then — the  beauty  of  it— to  this  day,  he  serves  without  pay.  Were  he 
])aid,  it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  poor  would  be  poorer,  for  then  might  come  rota- 
tion in  office,  and  locusts  and  grasshoppers,  who,  to  e.xist,  would  have  to  a]>pro- 
priate  some  of  the  good  things  provided  for  the  poor. 

The  Board  of  Managers,  then,  is  the  vis  I'iva,  the  soul,  heart,  and  mind  of    Disinterested 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.     It  is  like  the   King — it    never  dies.      Composed  of    i^;il>i,rs  of  the 
twelve  men,  it  has  cherished  and  ruled  the  Hospital  for  one  hundred  and  twenty-    Hoard  of 
five  years.     It  elects  all  the  officers  but  the  Treasurer.      It  collects  and  spends    Managers, 
the  money.     It  is  responsible  for  each  and  every  failure,  and  for  every  success. 
It  chooses  the  medical  and  surgical  staff  for  the  sick  and  wounded  department, 
and  the  physician-in-chief  and  the  medical  assistants  for  the  insane  department. 
Can  any  one  say  that  it  has  not  chosen  well?     Is  it  not  one  of  the  boasts  of  the 
Hospital,  that  it  has  always  furnished  to  the  poor,  the  best  medical  and  surgical 
talent  to  be  found  in  Philadelphia?     It  has  secured  for  the  poor  many  of  the  most 
distinguished  medical  names  of  the   country.  Bond.  Cadwalader,  Rush,  Physick, 
Norris,  Pancoast.     But  why  should  I  prolong  the  list?    All  Philadelphia  knows 
perfectly  well  that  her  ablest  physicians  and  surgeons  have  been  glad  to  serve  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

The  Board  governs  the  e.xjienditurcs.  It  must  regulate  the  expenses  by  the 
income,  and,  when  the  means  do  not  suffice  for  the  needs  of  the  institution,  it  has 
but  one  resource,  the  public,  not  State  or  city,  but  the  general  public.  And  we 
have  seen  already  how  well  this  public  has  been  satisfied  with  the  action  of  the 
Board,  for  has  it  not,  in  answer  to  such  appeals,  given  large  sums  of  money? 

The  Managers  superintend  the  operations  of  the  two  departments  of  the 
Hospital  by  means  of  visiting  Conunittees  or  visitors.  The  Board  appoints  two 
members  of  their  body  on  each  of  these  Committees,  and  the  committees  pay 
regular  weekly  visits  to  each  branch  of  the  institution.  The  members  of  the 
Committees  inspect  the  wards,  see  the  officers,  hear  reports,  and  examine 
accounts.  These  duties  are  now,  and  always  have  been  performed,  with  great 
regularity.  This  system  of  visitation  and  inspection  is  of  essential  consequence 
to  both  branches;  to  the  insane  department,  it  is  vital. 

I  have  said  that  the  Board  has  but  one  check  upiHi  it,  the  fact  that  it  is  electetl 
annually  by  the  contributors,  but  I  must  add  tlu.t  the  Board  acts  under  the 
original  charter  granted  by  the  Provincial  .^ss.nibly.      hi  this  charter,  are- several 

403 


provisions  so  excellent  that  I  will  cite  llieni  fur  the  lienefit  of  the  reader.     (Ine  is 

T  il       •  to    '''■''  ''"-"  feasurer  is  elected  by  the  ciintrilnitiirs  at  the  same  period,  once  a  year, 

.1  ■  u        ■".    1    when  thev  elect  the  Managers.     This  ^ives  to  the  treasurer  a  liiRlier  (xisilion  on 

me  Mospilai  ,       .,  .  .  I 

-  „  ^     the  Hospital   stalT  than  any    other   otlicer  save  the    Managers   themselves,  and 

invests  him  with  a  certain  independent  responsihility  and  dignity,  which  he 
could  not  have,  were  he  merely  a  creation  of  the  Managers.  Another  provision 
of  the  charter,  which  seems  to  me  admirable,  is  that  in  which  it  is  declared 
"  That  no  general  meeting  of  the  said  contributors,  nor  any  ]>ersons  acting  under 
them,  shall  employ  any  money  or  estate,  e.vpressly  given  or  added  to  the  capital 
stock  of  the  said  Hospital,  in  any  other  way  than  by  applying  its  amiual  interest 
or  rent  towards  the  entertainment  and  care  of  the  sick  and  distempered  poor, 
that  shall  be  from  time  to  time  brought  and  placed  therein  for  the  cure  of  their 
diseases,  from  any  jiart  of  the  Province,  without  partiality  or  preference."  This 
seems  to  me  eminently  wise,  since  it  takes  from  contributors.  Managers,  and 
treasurer,  the  temptation  to  use  for  any  purpose,  it  matters  not  how  wise  and 
provident  such  purpose  might  appear  at  the  time,  the  capital  fund  of  the 
institution. 

One  feature  in  the  history  of  the  Hospital,  connected  with  this  subject,  I  think 
is  deserving  of  notice,  and  this  is  that  the  present  excellent  treasurer,  Mr.  John 
T.  Lewis,  who  has  served  the  instition  now  for  34  years,  was  preceded  by  his 
father,  uncle,  and  grandfather,  three  generations  of  the  same  family,  whose  united 
term  of  service  counts  to  but  f<mr  years  less  than  a  century.  We  Americans  are 
prone  to  regard  with  envy  the  stable  habits  of  our  mother  country  and  to  fancy 
that  America  rarely  exhibits  families,  as  is  so  often  seen  in  Kngland,  in  which 
successive  generations  show-  the  solid  advantages  of  inherited  integrity  and  fit- 
ness for  public  oflfice.  In  this  Hospital,  we  have  at  least  one  instance  of  the 
descent  of  virtue  and  charity  from  grandfather  to  grandson. 
..,,    .  p  .  ,  ,  1  have  portrayed,  too,  the  spotless  integrity,  the  steady  and  devoted  loyalty 

.  .1   ,    ■      to  the  right,  the  reputation  undimmed  even  by  a  suspicion,  with  which  its  affairs 

i_r        ■■'  1  '     have  been  administered.     Having   shown   this   noble   picture  of  what    has   been 
rlospuill  .1  .       .  I    .  II- 

J  .•    ,    accomplished  by  this  charity,  shall  I  hesitate  to  advise  any  one  who  desires  to  see 

,1    ,  .11    the  gracious  fruit  of  his  liberality  while  he  yet  lives,  or  who  may  wish  to  leave  a 
,     .'  .       .    I    lasting  good  behind  him,  not   to    forget   that    here   is   an    institution,  one  of  the 
CI  .    ■,  .      antiquities  of  our  young  country,  the  history  of  which  shows  forth  only  the  finest 
uses  of  charity  ?     s     »     « 

The  Hospital  is  now,  and  ever  has  been,  one  of  the  embellishments  of  Phila- 
delphia. In  this  city,  for  now  so  many  years,  its  large  square  of  ground,  open  to 
the  air  and  light,  e.xcept  for  its  neat  and  simple,  but  striking  mass  of  buildings, 
and  its  noble  girdle  of  trees,  which  has  so  long  surrounded  the  square,  has  had, 
I  cannot  but  fancy,  something  to  do  w  itli  the  interest  felt  by  the  citizens  in  the 
institution.  The  circlet  of  superb  foliage  which  marked,  like  a  crown,  the  house 
•of  the  poor  sick,  was  visible  from  all  parts  of  the  city,  and  could  not  be  seen  by 
those  who  knew  what  it  marked,  and  who  had  any  sense  of  the  beauty  and  fitness 
■of  things,  without  raising  in  the  mind  a  sense  of  gratitude,  that  there  the  sick  and 
wounded  who  were  homeless,  might  find  a  refuge,  and  one  of  pride  that  the  city 
could  boast  so  great  an  embellishment. 

Upon  reviewing  the  work  of  the  Managers,  it  is  i)robable  that 
there  may  be  many  found  who  will  echo  the  sentiment  expressed  by 
Dr.  Meigs  in  another  part  of  the  address,  which  has  just  been  so  freely 
(juoted,  when  he  stales  that  "  Philadelphia  is  justified  in  the  pride  she 
takes  in  the  management  of  this  Institution." 

404 


MANAGERS  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 

ELECTED   MAY,    1894. 


T.  Wistar  Brown;    Alexander  Blddie;    Joseph  B.  Townsend ;    Charles  Hart5n  .mf. 

Benjamin  H.  Shoemaker, 

John  B.  Garrett;    James  T.  Shinn;    Joseph  E.  Gllllngham;    John  W.  Bioje. 

John  T.  Lewis,  jr.    John  S.  Jeni<s;    Effingham  B.  Morris. 


MANAGERS  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL 
1751-1894. 


Name 


Barnes,  Cornelius 
Benezei.  Anthony  . 
Bevan,  Matthew  L. 
Biddle,  Alexander 
Biddle,  Clement  C. 
Biddle.  John  VV.    . 
Biddle.  William     . 
Bingham,  William 
Bond,  Thomas.  Dr. 
Borie,  Adolph  E. 
Brown,  Frederick 
Brown,  Peter       .   . 
Brown.  T.  Wistar 

Clark,  Samuel  .  . 
Coates,  Samuel  .  . 
Collins,  Zaccheus 
Cope,  Caleb  .  . 
Cope,  Israel  .  .  . 
Cope,  Thomas  P. 
Cox,  Isaac    .... 


Coxe,  Tench  .  .  . 
Crosby,  Joshua  .  .  . 
Crosby,  Thomas    .   . 

Dawson,  Mordecai  L. 
Derbyshire,  Alex. J.  . 
Dorsey,  John  .  .  .  . 
Doz,  Andrew  .... 
Duche,  Jacob  .... 
Dunn,  Nathan    .   .   . 


lElected!  R'^fe""'- 


Time  Served 


Elliott,  Isaac    . 
KIrnslie,  Alex. 


Falconer,  Nathaniel 

Farnuni.  John     .    .    - 
Fisher,  Samuel  \V. 
Fisher,  Thomas 
Fisher,  William  W. 
Fieeson,  Plunkett 
Fling,  William  B.  . 
Fox, Joseph     .   .   . 
Fox.  Samuel  M.     . 
Franklin,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  Thomas 

Garrett,  John  B.     . 

tiibEon,John   .   .    . 


Gillin.i^hani,  Jos.  E. 
Gordon,  Thomas  . 
Grant.  Wiliiam  .  . 
Greenleaf.  Isaac  .  . 
Greeves,  Jas.  R.  .    . 


1790 
1757 
1820 
1868 
1846 
1887 
1849 
1765 
17.SI 
1864 
1841 
180.S 
1872 

1788 

1785 
1800 
1861 
1817 
1809 
1770 


J780 
17=1 
1755 

1844 
I8S5 
1797 
1783 
1756 
1838 

1S41 
1820 

1782 
1784 
1846 
1812 

1775 
1824 
I7.i7 
1841 
■753 
1794 
>7.i> 
1780 

1879 
1885 
1763 
1767 
1891 
1758 
1754 
17'i6 
1836 


Died 


793  D 
758  R 
S2S  R 


8.^5  13 


8S7D 
766  R 
7.S2R 
868R 
864  D 
810  D 


802  D 
825  R 
822  R 
86SR 
»>28R 
828  R 
776  D 


781  R 
755  D 

757  R 

872  D 
879  D 
804  R 
788  R 

758  R 
842  R 

S42  R 
827  R 

783  R 

790  R 
872  D 
817  D 
776  R 
838  D 
7.59  R 
8s6R 
856  R 
797  R 

757  R 
7S3R 

884  R 


764  R 
770  R 


766  R 
756  R 
771  R 
838  R 


I  Year 


9 
'38' 


■  4 
40 


7 
:i 
18 


27 

24 

7 


6 
16 
4 


Mo.     Day 


Remarks 


1 

28 

2S 


9 

6 

2 

29 

8 

3 

5 

9 

2 

7 

4 

I 

26 

15 


Present  Manager. 
I  Present  Manager. 

Member  of  Original  Board. 
Present  Manager. 


Lost  at  sea  on  his  return 
from  Island  of  New  Provi- 
dence, in  winter  of  1775-6. 


II  26       Memberof Original  Board. 


S 
29 
6 


Member  of  Original  Board. 

Present  Manager. 
Present  Manager. 


405 


liniu  Served 


,KUc.c..l,  ««{5;.S"" 


r.rcevfs.jas.  R.     . 

i-i|.' 

fUifTitls,  William 

17.=..' 

Haines.  Henry   ... 

'875 

Hiill.  William 

'-85 

ilarrison,  Henry       .   . 

.762 

Hartshoine,  Chas.    ■   . 

I8K, 

Hurlshorne.  P^Uison  . 

1788 

lln/ard,  Samuel     .    .    . 

■7,Sl 

Hewcs.  Josiah    .... 

1781 

Ho<lKe,  Wm.  I 

|8J2 

HoliinKswnrlh,    Hciitv 

iXig 

Holhiiusworth.Paschall 

iSoo 

Howell,  Joshua  ... 

"779 

Howell,  Samuel     .    .    , 

1784 

Hubley.  Adam    .... 

1782 

Jenks.John  Story  .   .  . 

l»9" 

Jenks, Joseph  K.     .   .   . 

iSi7 

Johnson,  Alex.  W.    .  . 

182.S 

Johnson,  Joseph     .   .   - 

i8«> 

Jones.  Charles    .... 

"7.V> 

Jones,  Isaac     .... 

■7.S2 

"         " 

1760 

"         " 

1764 

Jones,  Jacoh  P 

1 866 

[ones,  Owen.  Jr.    ... 

17S1 

Jones,  Ro!)l.  Strettell   . 

■  77.; 

Keene,  Reynold  .... 

I7SI 

Lawrence,  Thomas,  Jr. 

'?.';.■ 

Lewis,  lacob   ..... 

17.'>9 

Lewis,  lohn  T.       ... 

IS«1 

Lewis,  John  T..  Jr.   .    . 

1888 

Lewis,  Joseph  S.   .   .   . 

I8s6 

Lewis,  Lawrence  .   .   . 

■«34 

Lewis,  Mordecai  .   -    . 

1814 

1S28 

Lewis,  Mordecai  D,     . 

184S 

Lewis,  Reeve 

1811 

Logan.  William     .   .   . 

1770 

Lownes,  Joseph     .  ,   . 

1804 

McMurlrie,  Wm.  .   . 

1791 

Mason,  Samuel      .    .   . 

■81.S 

Masters,  William  .    . 

'7.';7 

Mease,  John 

1760 

Mitllin,  George  .... 

1780 

Mifflin,  Samuel      .   .   . 

■7.'i8 

Milllin,  Thomas 

■  77' 

Moore,  Tliotn.is     ... 

nfi 

Morgan,  Evai 

■7.S1 

"             " 

'7S3 

Morrcll,  William  .   .   . 

1776 

Morris,  KIlitiKharn  B.  . 

189.^ 

Morris,  Jacob  G. 

1844 

Morris,  Joseph   .  .   . 

17.S1 

'•            '• 

I7f9 

Morris,  Joseph  S.  .   .   . 

1811 

Morris,  'I'lioinas    .   .   . 

•79.; 

Morris,  Tlionias    .  . 

1817 

Morris,  Wistar  .... 

1857 

Morton,  John  .... 

17SI 

Nixon,  John 

1766 
■768 
■7.51 

Norris,  Charles  .... 

Paschall,  Joscpli 

17S6 

Keniarks 


18.S4  U 


■  757  R 
1 781  K 
1817  D 
1809  D 
1840  K 
1891  U 
1785  R 

1766  R 
■772  R 
■7.S2  R 

■  79s  D 


9 

II 

.S 

■  0 

■  2 

a 

2 

>5 

10 

33 

8 

33 

4 

3 

/ 

4 

10 

S 

9 

I'leseiil  Tu-asurer. 

Present  Manager. 

2       Member  of  <_>riKi"al  Koiiid. 
I 

25    '■ 


Pi  esfhl  M.inagei. 


Present  Matianer. 


Member"!  Original  lioaid. 


.    .     Present  Manager. 
27     '  Lost    at    Sea    on     steamer 

j      "Arctic." 
^    I  Member ofOriginal  Boatd 


7  ' 

27  , 

27  , 

"  I 

''  I 

3       Member  of  Original  Hoard. 

»  I 


400 


T'auJ.JoIiii 

Peniberton,  Israel,  Jr, 
Pemberton,  James 
Penington,  Edward 
Penington,  Edward 
Pennock,  Abraham 
Penrose,  Thomas  , 
Perot,  Ellistoii    .    . 
Peters,  Richard  .    . 
Pleasants,  Israel     . 
Pleasants,  Samuel 
Poulson,  Zachariah 
Powell,  Saimiel  .   . 
Po\ntell,  William  . 
Price,  Joseph   .    .   . 

Red  man ,  J  oseph  , 

Reeve,  Peter    .   .  . 

Keynell,  John  .   .  . 

Rhoads.  Samuel  . 

Richardson,  Jos.  . 

Roberts,  Charles  . 
Roberts,  George 

Roberts,  Hugh   .  . 

Roberdeau,  Daniel 

Riindle,  Richard    . 


Sayre,  John  .... 
Seckel,  Lawrence  . 
Sbewell,  Stephen  . 
Shinn.JamesT.  .  . 
Shoemaker,  BenJ.  H 

Shoemaker,  Jacob 
Shoemaker,  Jonathan 
Smith,  Geo.  Roberts 
Smith,  James,  Jr. 
Smith,  John     .   . 


Smith,  John  J. 
Smith,  Robert 
Stewardson,  George 
Stewardson,  Thos 
Strettell,  Amos  . 
Swift,  Joseph  .   . 


Sr. 


'Ihompson  James  B 
Thompson,  John  J. 
Towiisend,  Edw.  Y. 
Townsend,  Joseph  B. 
Turnpenny,  Joseph  C, 

\'aux,  Roberts    .  .   .   . 


Wain,  Robert  .    .  . 

\Valn,  S   Morris  . 

\Vatson,  Cliarles  . 

Watson.  J osejih  .  . 

Welsh,  Samuel    .  . 

West,  Wiliiam     .  . 

Wharton,  Isaac  .  . 
Wharton,  Thomas 

Whitall.  John  M.  -   . 
Willing,  Thomas  M. 
Wistar,  Bartholomew 
Wistar,  Barlbolomew 
W'istar.  Richard    ,  , 


Time  Served 

KIccleil 

Resigned  01 
Died 

Remarks 

Vear 

Mo. 

Day 

1S25 

1844  n 

iS 

8 

■75' 

1779  i> 

27 

9 

21 

Memberof  Original  Hoard. 

175S 
177.1 
iSos 

1780  R 

'779  R 
1S20  R 

22 

6 

.    .    . 

'4 

11 

'  18 

17S6 

1834  R 
1798  R 

Resigned  same  day  elected. 

12 

0 

1789 

1806  R 

17 

1 

2fi 

'75' 

1752  R 

10 

3 

Memherof  Original  Boaid 

1796 
1     '779 

1800  R 

4 
2 

1781  R 

.    .    . 

'  18 ' 

1806 

1S08R 

I 

10 

1778 

1780  R 

I 

u 

25 

1806 

1811  D 

5 

2 

I 

1S28 

'845  R 

'7 

5 

24 

1766 

1767  R 

I 

I 

10 

1779 

1786  R 

6 

II 

28 

■752 

1780  R 

27 

11 

27 

'75' 

1781  R 

29 

10 

20 

Memberof  Original  Hoartl. 

1756 

1770  D 

'4 

6 

15 

■  S23 

J  844  R 

21 

3 

'774 

1776  R 

2 

2 

"28' 

'75' 

1756  R 

4 

10 

2 

Member ofOriginal  Board 

1771 
17^6 

.771  R 
1758  R 

27 
28 

I 

11 

1766 

1776  R 

10 

I 

1787 

.789  R 

1 

11 

27 

1     1757 

1758  R 

8 

I 

1790 

1820  R 

29 

8 

28 

.758 

1760  R 

2 

4 

1S84 
1B67 

I'resent  Manager. 
Present  Manager  and 
President. 

1776 

1781  R 

5 

2 

29 

17S1 

17QO  R 

9 

I 

7 

1838 

iS^^o  R 

12 

3 

6 

. 

'795 

i8b5  R 

10 

I 

29 

'75' 

1756  R 

4 

10 

2 

Memberof  Original  Board 

1761 

1762  R 

I 

.   .   . 

1S2S 

1836  R 

8 

6 

28  " 

179S 

1805  R 

6 

II 

28 

IRJ2 

1855  R 

13 

4 

22 

iSofi 

1841  D 

33 

2 

17 

1766 

1766  R 

I 

25 

1776 

1786  R 

10 

3 

2 

1R17 
1872 

1S17  R 

23 
I 

'875  n 

2 

11 

1H68 

1S69  R 

5 

21 

1869 
1870 

Present  Manager 

'  1892  b'  ' 

21 

6" 

'  I's  ' 

1823 
'795 

1834  R- 

1800  R 

II 

5 

1 

3 

'S55 

1S70  D 

15 

2 

28 

1824 

1846  R 

21 

I 

27 

1S12 

1824  R 

12 

5 

14 

\     1856 

18.70  R 

34 

2 

3 

1776 

1778  R 

II 

28 

17S1 

1784  R 

2 

11 

12 

1-62 

1769  R 

7 

I 

2g 

1772 

1779  R 

1867  R 

7 

16 

3 

21 

iSli 

1811  R 

1 

25 

I78g 

I79«I> 

's' 

7 

7 

1S2S 

1841  D 

13 

5 

3 

1S03 

1806  R 

3 

3 

25 

•107 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE   BOARD. 


Elcctct!        Resigned 


Year   '  Monili 


I.? 


Joshua  Crosby 

Benjamin  Frunkiin   .    .    . 

John  Kc\  nell 

Sainiitrl  Rhoads  .... 
Peter  Reeve  .... 
Samuel  Howell  ... 

Reynold  Keene 

Josiah  Hewcs     

Samuel  Coates    .   .   . 
Thomas  Slewnrdson,  Sr. 

John  I'aul      

Mordeiai  Lewis  .... 
LawrenLC  Lewis  .... 
William  B.  Flm^  .... 
Mordecai  L.  Dawson  .  . 
William  Biddic  .       ... 

Wistar  Morris 

Benjamin  H.  Slioemaker 


I7S1 

1755 

It 

-■s 

■75.S 

1757 

1 

10 

3 

'757 

1760 

3 

II 

27 

17S0 

1781 

I 

'.; 

I7h[ 

17V. 

:  r 

17x6 

l7^.y 

l7,Sy 

1790 

., 

I  ; 

179" 

ISI2 

21 

IQ 

20 

iSlj 

IS25 

■3 

6 

>7 

IS25 

1841 

■S 

6 

2.^ 

1S41 

1844 

2 

II 

24 

1844 

1849 

4 

S 

11 

IS49 

1856 

6 

7 

33 

1850 
lSs5 

l8s6 

1872 

16 

10 

^ 

1872 

iSS; 

14 

; 

1SS7 

IS.,1 

i-^'jl 

In  olFice 

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  BOARD. 


18 

"9 


BetiJHiniii  Franklin 
John  Smith  .... 
Isaac  Grecnicaf .   . 
James  Peniherlon  . 
Thomas  Millliii  .    . 
George  Roberts  .   . 
Thomas  Kisher  .   . 
Robt.  Strettell  Jones 
Tcncli  Coxe     .   .   . 
Isaac  Wharton   .  ». 
Reynold  Keene  .  . 
Samuel  Coates    .   . 
Thomas  P.  Cope 
Roberts  \'aux     .   . 
Charles  Roberts     . 
Bartholomew  Wistar 
George  Roberts  Sm 
Georyc  Slcwardsoii 
William  Riddle 
Wistar  Morris 
Benj.  H.  Shoemaker 
James  T.  Shinn  .  .   . 


th 


1757 
'7.^9 

1772 
1774 
1776 
'777 
1780 
17S1 
■  783 
I -so 
I.S12 

1S28 
■■Wl 

'\>7 
1840 
l8<iO 

1.861 
1871 

is<„ 


1 7.'^'' 
1759 
1772 
177.1 
1776 
1776 
17S0 
1781 
17S3 
1786 
1S12 
1S28 
1834 
'8.57 
1S40 
1850 
i8.'i5 
1861 
1871 
1800 
1  n  oftice 


36 
•5 

S 


9 
5 
5 
9 
'9 


26 

4 

26 
8 
4 


11 

26 

4 

•J 

■  8 

II 

3.; 

■  1 

30 

.1 

11 

34 

4 

16 

TREASURERS  OF  THE   BOARD. 


1  John  Keynell   .   .  . 

2  Charles  Norris   .   . 

3  Hu^h  Roberts     .   . 

4  Samuel  P.  Moore  . 

5  Thomas  Wharton 
is  Joseph  King        ■    . 

7  Joseph  Hillborn 

8  Michael  Hillegas  . 

9  Mordecai  Lewis    . 

10  Joseph  S.  Lewis     . 

11  Samuel  N.  Lewis  . 

12  I    John  T    Lewis    .   . 

13  Henry  Haines    .   . 


17.SI 

1753 

10 

3 

1752 
17.56 

176S 

1756 
1768 
1769 

4 

II 

^ 

1769 

1772 

3 

1772 

1773 

I 

'773 

1780 

7 

1780 

1780 

.... 

1780 

'799 

IS 

s 

KJ 

1799 

1836 

26 

11 

18 

1R26 

1841 

■  4 

10 

20 

1K41 

18S1 

40 

8 

33 

18S1 

In  office 

.    .    .    . 

408 


The  Administration  Office. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  FORMER  MANAGERS. 


JosHi'A  Crosby  was  elected  at  the 
first  Contributors'  meeting,  1751.  and  was 
chosen  the  first  President  of  the  Board 
of  Managers.  He  died  June  27.  1755. 
He  was  a  prominent  merchant  of  Phil- 
adelphia and  accumulated  a  fortune: 
being  of  a  humane,  benevolent  disposi- 
tion, he  gave  freqnenth'  and  freely 
during  his  lifetime  to  charitable  pur- 
])Oses. 

On  May  28.  175,^.  he  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  the  Hospital  (see  page  39). 

By  his  will,  he  gave  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  one  hundred  pounds,  "for 
promoting  of  that  laudable  design  in  the 
most  useful  manner." 

Benjamin  Fra.nki.in,  M.  D..  elected 
1751  and  resigned  1757.  .Among  the 
public  services  of  Franklin,  there  was 
none  to  which  he  looked  with  such  satis- 
faction as  his  early  success  in  placing 
the  affairs  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
upon  a  firm  and  enduring  foundation. 
He  was  clerk  of  the  original  Board  of 
management  and,  on  the  death  of  Joshua 
Crosby,  was  elected  President,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  lor  two  years  ( I7.s,s  to 
17.S7).  While  in  FZurope,  on  public  luisi- 
ness,  he  still  kept  tile  interests  of  the 
Hospital  in  mind  and  gave  his  time 
and    talents    freelv    to    its   service.       He 


assisted  Dr.  Fothergill  in  obtaining  the 
act  of  Parliament  and  favorable  decision 
of  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  England,  by 
which  the  Hospital  was  niatie  the 
resi<luary  legatee  of  the  defunct  Pcnn- 
s\lvania  Land  Com])any,  and  by  which 
the  capital  stock  was  benefited  to  the 
extent  of  several  thousand  iiounds.  As 
a  member  of  .Assembly  and  afterwards  as 
President  of  the  Supreme  E.xecutive 
Council  of  Pennsylvania,  Franklin  was 
able,  through  his  wide  acquaintance  and 
powerful  influence,  t<i  be  of  signal  ad- 
vantage to  the  Hospital  in  many  ways, 
although  the  individual  acts  which 
directly  contributed  to  the  furtherance 
of  its  interests  lor  obvious  reasons  were 
of  less  moment  to  the  rising  Institution 
than  his  indirect  services  and  the  friend- 
shi])  of  one  standing  in  such  a  high 
position  in  the  comnuinity  and  Common- 
wealth. Up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
.April  17,  1790,  he  retained  his  interest  in 
the  Hospital,  which  owes  its  existence 
largely  to  his  instrumentality. 

Thomas  Bond,  M.  D.,  was  elected  at 
the  first  Contributors'  meeting  and  re- 
resigned  at  the  end  of  the  first  year,  to 
confine  his  service  to  the  Me<lical  Staff, 
of  which  he  was  also  an  original  mem- 
ber.    .A  brief  sketch  of  [)r.  Bond  appears 


409 


ainoiiK  till'  l>i<iKra|>lii<.'!i  of  |ihysiciiitis. 
Thf  Hospital,  as  has  l>ft-ii  already  slalfd, 
was  lirst  i)r<ijei'tr<l  l>y  l>r.  Himtl,  who 
riilistcd  Ik'iijaniiii  Franklin's  synipathy 
and  si-i'in'c<l  his  invahial>U-  assistance  in 
t'staMishinK  it  n|><in  a  pernianunl  fiinnda- 
tiun. 

Samikl  Hazard,  eli-cti-<l  1751,  ru- 
sisjnud  1754.  was  the  grandson  of  Tlinmas 
Hazard,  olW.ilis,  anil  father  of  Kbenezer 
Hazard,  I'ostniasler-deneral.  He  was 
Imrn  in  Philadelpi)ia  in  1714:  he  resided 
some  years  in  New  York,  luit  retnrned 
to  his  native  litv  previons  to  1745.  He 
died  in  i'hiladelj>liia,  July  14,  175.S.  He 
was  a  prominent  merchant  and  one  of 
the  founders  and  original  managers  of 
the  Hospital.  As  one  of  the  chief  nii>vers 
in  a  scheme  of  colonization,  having  for 
its  ultimate  aim  the  Chrislianization  of 
the  Indians,  he  expUired  i'eniisyivania, 
had  meetings  with  the  Indians,  with 
whom  he  bargained  for  liie  land,  and  hy 
his  edbrls,  ol>taine<l  a  release  from  Con- 
necticut of  its  claim  to  this  section  of  the 
lountry. 

RlcHAKi)  Pktkks.  elected  1751,  re- 
signed 1752,  was  a  native  of  Liverpool, 
Kn^land.  He  was  an  Knsjhsh  clerKy- 
nuni,  who  came  to  the  colony  dnrin;;  the 
ye.ir  17,^4,  and  iHcanie  assisl.iiu  minister 
at  Christ  Church,  I'hiladelphia. 

He  was  secretary  of  the  Land  (  Xlice, 
(174810  1760),  and  was  jirivate  clerk  to 
several  Governors.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  Provincial  Council  till  his  death.  In 
the  latter  part  of  17V'*.  was  one  of  the 
two  Commissioners,  on  the  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, for  running  a  provisional 
lioundary  line  with  Maryland. 

In  1762,  he  was  invited  to  ofliciale  in 
tile  I'nited  Churches  of  Philadelphia,  and 
chosen  Rector  at  the  close  of  the  year. 
In  1764.  he  visited  Kn^;Ianll  and  returned 
at  the  close  of  1765  to  Philadelphia.  The 
decree  of  I).  I),  was  conferred  upon 
him  in  1770  by  the  I'niversity  of  O.vford. 
In  September,  177,1,  on  account  of  the 
infirmities  of  afje,  lie  resisued  his  rector- 
ship. He  was  one  of  the  number  who, 
with  Benjamin  Kranklin.  founded  the 
Pennsylv.'inia  Hospital,  and  also  the 
Public  .Academy.  IVfiin  which  j;rew  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  and  was  one  of 
the  orij^inal  trustees  of  the  latter.  Pres- 
ident ol  the  Board  from  17.S6-64.  He  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Phila- 
delphi.a  Library. 

He  died  in  Philadelphia,  July  10,  1776, 
in  the  seventy-second  year  of  hisajje  and 
was  burie<l  in  front  of  the  chancel  of 
Christ  Church. 

IsRAKt.  PkmbkktuN.  Jr..  elected  in 
17.SI.  died  in  1779. 

His  grandfather,  I'hineas  Pemberton, 
of  Lancaster,   Knjjiand.   came  over  with 


Peiin  and  settled  near  the  Kails  of  Dela 
ware. 

The  father  of  Israel  Pemberton  was  a 
merchant,  born  in  Crrove  Place,  Bucks 
County,  on  February  20,  i6.S,i,  and  died 
in  Philadelphia.  January  19,  1754;  he  was 
well  educated  aiul  one  of  the  wealthiest 
merchants  of  his  lime.  Israel,  Jr.,  the  son 
of  Israel  and  Rachel  Pemberton,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  in  1715,  and  after  receiv- 
ing a  liberal  education,  eiiKaKed  in  Inisi 
ness  with  his  lather.  He  Idled  several 
public  stations  with  fidelity  and  inte^ 
rity.  I  le  w  as  amoiiK  the  foremost  of  those 
who  supportetl  Peiin's  peace  polii:y  in 
opposition  to  some  of  the  (iovernors. 

His  outspoken  criticism  of  C.overnor 
Thomas  Peiiii  was  of  such  a  charai'ler 
that  a  warrant  was  issueil  for  his  arrest. 
Pemberton  obtained  a  writ  of  habeas 
corpus  from  the  Supreme  Court,  and  was 
released  on  bail.  Tlie  C.overnor  declared 
this  "the  first  instance  of  a //frA^'a5(Vi/'/i//v 
beiiiK  granted  to  lake  a  person  suspected 
of  endeavorinjj  to  disturb  and  break  the 
peace  of  the  Province  out  of  the  hands  of 
an  ollicer  before  e.vaiiiinalion." 

The  Ciovernor  issued  a  second  warr.'int 
of  arrest,  but  there  is  no  evidence  thai 
Pemberton  was  taken  into  custody.  He 
was  such  an  earnest  and  true  friend  of 
the  Indians,  that  he  was  familiarly  called 
Kinj;  W'ampiiiii. 

In  1756,  when  the  inhabitants  were  (K-- 
maiidin;^  a  war  o(  e.\leriiiiii;ition  a>^ainst 
the  Delawares  ami  other  Indians,  Mr. 
Pemberton,  with  others,  went  on  a  mis 
sion  which  set'ured  a  conference  at  Kas- 
ton,  where  a  treaty  of  peace  was  made. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
"  Krieiull>'  .Association  tor  re^aininji  and 
preserving  peace  with  the  Indians  bv 
pacific  measures,"  he  was  also  active  in 
est,iblishini;  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
and  a  member  of  the  Kirst  Hoard  of 
M.inas;ers.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Society  for  the  Cultivation  of  Silk  ;  to 
these  and  other  benevolent  organizations 
he  contributed  liberally. 

His  Quaker  |>rinciple5  conipelle<l  him 
with  others  to  ilisapprove  of  the  war  for 
independence,  and  in  1777  Congress,  sus- 
pecting that  his  influence  would  be  ex- 
erted against  the  colonies,  recommended 
his  arrest  and  imprisonment.  VVhere- 
npon,  by  (»rder  of  the  Supreme  K.xecu- 
tive  C"ouncil  of  Pennsylvania,  he  was, 
with  his  brothers,  James  and  John,  and 
someothers,  who  were  among  the  wealth- 
iest and  most  influential  Friends  of  the 
city,  arrested  and  without  a  hearing  or 
trial,  sent  to  Staunton,  Virginia,  and  re- 
mained there  in  e.vile  as  prisoners  for 
eight  months.  (See  "  E.viles  in  Virginia," 
by  Thomas  (iilpin,  iHiS). 

He  died  in  Philadelphia,  .April  22,  1779, 
aged  sixty-four  years 


Samuel  Khoads,  fk-ctt-d  1751,  n-signed 
May  21,  17S1.  He  was  tlic  limrtli  Prcsi- 
(luMit  of  the  Board  of  Macia'^ers  1  17S0-.S1  1. 

His  father,  Jolin  Khoads,  and  grand- 
fatlier  of'the  same  name,  were  Quaker 
colonists  from  Derbyshire,  Enghmd. 
Samuel  Rlioads  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
ill  171 1  ;  he  was  a]>prenliced  to  learn  the 
carpenter's  trade  and  beeanie  a  ^veaUhy 
builder.  He  was  one  of  the  most  faithful 
and  hard  working  of  tile  members  of  the 
Hoard  of  Managers.  In  active  service 
since  the  inauguration  of  the  Hospital, 
lie  was  foremost  in  every  enterprise  ;  all 
proiects  of  any  imptjrtLUice  w'ere  conlided 
lo  his  supervision  ;  it  was  he  who  submit- 
ted the  plan  for  the  new  Hospital  on 
liecember  21,  1754;  (see  page  36).  On 
March  11,  175.5,  lie  was  "appointed  to 
superintend  the  new  building  and  pro- 
vide materials,"  a  committee  being  asso- 
ciated with  him,  consisting  of  Joshua 
Crosby,  Hugh  Roberts  and  iose])ii  Ko.\. 

Being  a  builder  and  a  man  of  great 
practical  e.xperience  and  accpiaintance 
among  the  notables  of  his  day,  he  could 
better  accomplish  matters  relating  to 
jiolitical  or  administrative  permits  an<l 
influence  than  any  other  Manager.  Mr. 
khoads,  in  1741,  was  a  niember  of  City 
Councils;  but  tliere  is  no  recortl  of  his 
iiaving  again  held  office  until  1761,  when 
he  and  Franklin  were  chosen  members 
of  the  Assembly,  also  again  in  1762-4, 
and  1771-4.  In  1761,  he  was  b)' the  Asseni- 
bl\-  chosen  a  commissioner  to  atteml 
a  noted  conference  with  the  Western 
hidians,  and  the  Si.\  Nations  at  Lancas- 
ter, Pennsylvania.  In  1774  he  was  elected 
liy  the  Assembly  a  delegate  from  Pe[in- 
sylvania  to  the  Continental  Con.gress  :  in 
tile  same  year  he  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Philadelphia. 

He  was  one  of  the  early  nienil)ers  of 
the  .American  Philosophical  Society  ;  and 
a  Director  for  many  years  of  the  Phila- 
<lelphia  Library. 

He  died  April  7,  1784,  in  the  seventy- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

Ht'GH  Roberts,  elected  in  1751,  re- 
signed in  1756,  again  elected  Manager  in 
May.  1771,  he  resigned  the  following 
month,  June  3,  1771. 

He  was  also  a  third  Treasurci  of  the 
Hospital  (1756  to  1768). 

He  lived  at  "Pine  Crove,"  Northern 
Liberties,  a  part  of  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  son  of  George  Roberts  and  Tlioni- 
asine  Mickle  Fo.\,  and  grandson  of  Joseph 
Ko.v,  who  at  one  tinie  was  a  speaker  of 
the  Assembly. 

On  March  10,  1S03,  he  married  Sarah 
Logan,  dau.ghter  of  James  and  Kslher 
Smith  ;  she  was  born  September  28,  1778, 
and  died  September  [6.  18O0. 

Hugh  Roberts  died  June  25,  1821,  in 
the  se^venty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 


Josi;cii  MciKKis  was  elected  in  1751, 
and  resigned  in  1757;  re-elected  in  1769, 
and  resigned  May  21,  17S1. 

John  SMirH  w-as  elected  in  1751,  and 
resigned  in  1756;  again  elected  in  1761, 
and  resigned  in  1762.  He  was  the  second 
Secretary  (1752-17561. 

He  was  bt)ru  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  a  son 
of  Richard  and  a  Ijrother  of  Samuel 
Smith,  author  of  the  History  of  New 
Jersey.  He  commenced  his  business 
career  in  Philadelphia  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  becoming  a  |>artner  in 
the  siiipi)iiig  and  importing  house  of 
Abel  Jones. 

In  his  early  connection  with  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital,  lie  sent  circular  letters 
of  his  own  writing  to  many  foreign  cor- 
respondents, soliciting  aid  lor  this  benev- 
olent enterjjrise  and  succeeded  in  olitain- 
ing  funds  by  representing  in  a  forcible 
manner  that  the  Hospital  was  designed 
for  citizens  of  all  nations  and  that  sailors 
from  all  parts  in  need  of  its  aid  should 
enjoy  Its  benefits. 

He  was  the  author  of  "The  Doctrines 
of  Christianity,  as  held  by  the  People 
called  IJuakers,  Vindicated,"  in  answer 
to  Ciilbert  Tennent's  sermon  on  "Law- 
fulness of  Defensive  War,"  2d  ed.  Phila. 
1747,  Svo. 

lie  was  an  active  promoter  of  the  first 
efficient  fire-in.surance  company  in 
.America,  and  took  out  the  first  jiolicy 
himself.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  Assembly  in  1750;  he  also 
sailed  the  first  line  (jf  packets  to  Kurope  ; 
anti  was  an  active  and  prominent  mem- 
ber of  society.  On  October  7,  1748,  at 
( jerniantown  meeting,  Philadelphia,  he 
married  Hannah,  daughter  of  James 
Logan,  the  Councellor.  In  1762,  after 
the  death  of  his  wife,  who  was  a  preacher 
among  I'riends,  he  returned  to  Burlington 
to  end  his  days  in  the  place  of  his  birth. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  Kin.g  one  of 
the  Council  for  New  Jersey,  in  which 
position  he  continued  until  his  <leath. 
He  purchased  (loxernor  William  h'rank- 
lin's  seal,  "Franklin  Park,"  .and  dwfll 
there  during  the  later  years  of  his  life, 
until  his  tieatli,  which  occurred  March  26, 
1771,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

Evan  Mok<;an  was  elected  twice,  first 
in  1751.  resigned  in  1752,  again  in  1753; 
he  resigned  in  1763. 

He  was  born  in  1709;  served  many 
years  as  wartlen  of  Christ  Church,  aiitl 
took  a  very  active  part  in  the  welfare  of 
that  parish. 

He  was  regarded  by  his  contempor- 
aries as  a  virtuous,  sober,  sensible,  good 
man.  His  obituary  notice  in  the  "Ga- 
zette" (February  17,  1763)  states  that  he 
had  the  honor  to  be  called  by  his  country 
to  serve  several  years  as  a  representative 


ill  llif  Li-Kislaliiie.  aiul  was  many  yi-ars 
a  mniiaKiT  of  "tlu-  most  liiimaiu-  and 
l)fiicvoli-iU  iiistitiiliiiii,  (111'  I'l'imsylvaiiia 
Hospital,  trcctfil  li>r  tht-  rcri-piinn  ami 
curu  t>f  liinatirs  and  <itlicr  diseased  |ht- 
sonsintliis  Province."  In  llutirst  station 
he  continued  until  liis  private  alTairs 
demanded  his  resignation  ;  Init  in  the 
last,  he  laborated  alVectionately  for  its 
promotion  and  advancement  to  the  end 
of  his  days. 

In  vvery  character,  whether  public  or 
private,  he  discliarKed  his  duly  with  zeal 
and  steadiness.  His  friendships  were 
few.  He  died  Kebruary,  1763,  in  the  fifty- 
fourth  year  of  his  aye. 

Chari.ics  XoRKis  w.is  elected  in  i-,si, 
and  resinned  in  1752,  in  order  to  become 
Treasurer  (1753-1756). 

He  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Norris,  the 
Councellor  :  was  born  May  9,  1712,  and 
became  a  prominent  and  wealth)'  mer- 
chant. He  built  a  fine  hcmse  where  the 
Custom  House  now  stancls,  and  resitle<l 
there  until  his  death.  He  ownetl  the 
Krouiuls  to  KiUh  Street,  which  were  laid 
out  in  jxraveletl  walks  and  llowers. 

He  acted  as  trustee,  for  several  years, 
of  the  General  Loan  Office  of  the  Pro- 
vince. He  was  also  greatly  interested  in 
promntiuK  the  welfare  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hos|>ital. 

He  was  twice  married  :  his  first  wife 
was  Mar>;aret,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Rod- 
man, of  Bucks  County  ;  his  second  wife, 
was  Mary,  daughter  of  Joseph  Parker, 
Deputy  Register  for  Chester  County. 

He  died  January  15,  1766,  aged  fifty- 
three  years. 

Is.\AC  Jones,  elected  1752  and 
resigned  in  1756:  again  elected  in  1760 
resigned  in  1762,  and  for  the  third  time 
elected  in  1764  and  continued  in  otfice 
until  his  decea.se,  ( 1773). 

Mr.  Jones  was  universally  esteemed  as 
one  of  the  most  honest  antl  useful  mem- 
bers of  the  community  :  he  was  for  a  long 
time  an  .Alderman,  and  for  several  suc- 
cessive years.  Mayor  of  Philadelphia. 
He  was  President  of  the  Courts  of  Quar- 
ter Sessions  an<l  Common  Pleas;  and 
Trustee  and  Treasurer  of  the  College  of 
Philadelphia.  In  all  these  stations  he 
actpiitted  himself  with  dignity,  and  integ- 
rity, and  gave  such  diligent  and  faithful 
attention  to  public  business,  th.at  he 
seemed  to  have  consideretl  himself  as 
living  only  for  the  service  of  his  country. 

He  died  October  i.S,  1773,  aged  5;* 
years. 

John  Rkvnki.i.,  elected  1752  an<l 
resigned  in  17.S0.  He  \wis  the  third 
President  of  the  Board  of  Maiiiigers 
(1757-17S0I,     a     period  of    twenty-three 


years.      He  was  also  the    first    treasurer 
11751  to  17521. 

He  was  a  native  of  (ireat  Britain  and 
came  lo  Philailelphia  when  twenty  years 
of  ;»ge.  He  was  very  active*,  both  in 
religious  and  civil  circUs,  cheerfully 
employing  his  talents  and  much  ol  Ins 
time  in  beneficial  and  philanthropic  pur- 
poses. 

He  <lied  (Ictober  3,  I7.'>4.  aged  seventy- 
six  years  :  the  following  obituary  notice 
was  published  at  the  time  :  "  I  In  Kriilay 
l.ist,  departed  this  life,  in  the  sevenlv - 
si.xtli  year  of  his  age,  Mr.  John  Rev- 
nell,  of  this  city,  merchant.  To  enum- 
erate the  merits  of  the  deceased  is 
not  our  intention — we  trust  they  have 
founil  a  better  repository  than  a  fugitive 
newspaper  could  allord  Ihein — the  e.xcel- 
lent  character  aiul  e.xtensive  usefulniss 
of  the  man.  were  too  well  known  ami  loo 
justly  estimated,  to  derive  any  lustre 
from  encomium  ;  and  ;;s  long  as  the  (»iie 
or  the  other  are  retneinbered.  the  death 
of  John  Reynell  will  be  coiisi<lered  and 
regretted  as  a  loss  to  the  communil) . 
His  remains  were  deposited  the  day  lol 
lowing  in  ihe  burial  ground  ol  the  people 
called  Quakers,  of  which  Society  he  was 
a  valuable  and  conspicuous  member." 

Thom.xs  I.awkknck.  elecleil  1752. 
resigned  1753;  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
.April  16,  1720:  his  father  was  Thomas 
Lawrence,  a  member  of  the  Provincial 
Council.  On  re:iching  his  majority  he 
engaged  in  business  with  Peter  Bard  ;  his 
county-seat  of  150  acres.  Clairmont,  was 
locate<l  in  Northern  Liberties,  now  a  part 
of  Philadelphia  city. 

On  Ocloeer  4,  174s,  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  Common  Councils:  Vendue 
Master.  1752-6.1;  .\lderinan  1755;  and 
.Mayor  of  the  City  ill  i~s^  and  1764. 

He  was  on  .May  9.  1743,  married  to 
Mary,  ilaughter  of  Lewis  Morris,  of 
Morrisania,  Judge  of  the  Vice-Admiralty 
for  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 

He  died  on  January  21,  1775.  in  the  fifty- 
fifth  year  oi  his  age.  "  Benevolence 
marked  his  character  and  virtue  in  him 
wore  her  most  .idmirable  <lress,  being 
constantly  e.vercised  in  love  toward  his 
family,  uprighliuss  in  his  dealings,  sin- 
cerity in  his  friendships,  cheerfulness  in 
his  conversation,  and  an  earnest  desire 
to  promote  peace  and  happiness  around 
him." 

DaNIKI,  RollKKDEAf.  elected  17.56, 
resigned  175S;  w..s  again  elected  in  1766 
and  resigned  in  1 776. 

His  father.  Isaac,  was  a  French 
Huguenot  ;  his  mother  was  Mary  Cun- 
iiingham,  a  descendant  of  the  Earl  tA' 
(ilencairn,  in  Scotland.  Daniel  was  born 
in   the   Island  of  St.  Christopher,   W.  1., 


412 


Ill  1727:  !ie  came  with  his  motlier's  ("amil\- 
to  Philadelpliia  in  his  youth,  and  became 
a  nurihant.  He  was  early  connected 
with  tile  Masonic  Fraternity,  and  asso- 
ciated with  Franklin,  Alexander  Hamil- 
ton and  others.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Assembly  from  1756-60. 
In  1765  was  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  a  friend  of  George  Whit- 
held. 

When  the  Revolutionary  war  broke 
out,  he  joined  the  Pennsylvania  Asso- 
ciators  and  was  elected  Colonel  of  the 
Second  liattalion  in  1775,  and  made 
President  of  the  Board  that  governed  the 
Associators.  He  presided  at  a  public 
meeting  held  May  20,  1776,  at  the  State 
House,  which  e-verted  great  influence  in 
favor  of  a  r-)eclaration  of  Independence. 
While  in  command  of  his  battalion  he 
fitted  out.  in  jiartnership  with  his  friend. 
Col.  John  Bayard,  two  sliips  as  priva- 
teers, one  of  which  captured  a  valuable 
prize,  with  §22,000  in  silver,  which  he 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  Congress. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Safety,  was  elected  on  July  4,  1776.  first 
Brigadier-General  of  the  Pennsylvania 
troops.  The  Associators  were  at  this 
time  called  to  the  aid  of  Washington  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  a  member  of  tlie 
Contineiital  Congress  from  1777-79,  ^"'^ 
actively  supported  the  Articles  of  Con- 
federation and  affi.xed  his  name  thereto 
i-in  behalf  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  April,  177.S,  a  scarcity  of  lead  exist- 
ing in  the  army.  General  Roberdeau  was 
granted  leave  of  absence  by  Congress  in 
order  to  w'ork  a  lead  mine  in  Bedford 
County,  w'here  he  erected  a  stockade  as 
a  protection  against  the  Indians :  the 
expense  of  its  construction  he  paid  out 
of  his  private  purse. 

On  May  24  and  25,  1779,  General  Rober- 
deau jiresided  at  a  public  meeting  in 
Philadelphia,  called  to  consider  the  evils 
<tf  monopolizers  and  depreciation  of  the 
currency.  In  17S3-4,  he  spent  a  year  in 
England.  It  is  related  of  Roberdeau  that 
w'hile  travelling  across  Blackheath  near 
London,  he  was  attacked  by  highway- 
men who  surrounded  the  carriage.  "  He 
seized  the  leader,  threw  him  down  in  the 
bott<tni  of  the  carriage,  and  called  to  his 
coachman  to  <lrive  on  and  fire  right  and 
left.  He  drove  into  London  in  this  man- 
ner with  the  robber's  feet  hanging  out  of 
the  carriage,  and  delivered  him  up  to 
Justice." 

After  the  war  (General  Roberdeau  re- 
moved from  Philadelphia  to  .Alexandria. 
Va.,  where  he  afterwards  entertained 
General  Washington. 

A  short  time  before  his  death  he  re- 
moved to  Winchester,  Va.,  where  he  died 
January  5,  1795,  in  the  sixty-eighth  year 
of  his  age. 


Is.x.vc  (iKliE.VLE.AF  was  elected  1756  ; 
he  served  a  period  of  fifteen  years  ;  he 
was  also  the  third  Secretary  (■757-'759)- 

He  was  a  merchant  of  the  City  of  Phila- 
delphia, a  worthy  and  respected  member 
of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

He  died  July  18,  1771,  in  the  fifty-sixth 
year  of  his  age. 

JosEi-H  R1CH.A.RDS0N,  elected  1756 
and  served  until  his  decease,  1770. 

He  was  a  jirominent  merchant  of  the 
City  of  Pliiladeli>liia,  distinguished  for 
his  private  virtues  and  public  spirit.  He 
established  in  1.S13  a  white  lead  manu- 
factory, which  in  1S19  passed  into  the 
possession  of  Mordecai  and  Samuel  N. 
Lewis. 

He  served  for  several  years  as  a  Repre- 
sentative in  the  Assembly  of  the  Province 
of  Pennsylvania,  with  advantage  to  his 
country,  and  acceptably  filled  several 
other  offices  of  public  trust. 

He  died  November  18,  1770,  in  the 
sixty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

J.ACOB  DiCHE,  elected  August  3,  1756, 
resigned  175S. 

He  was  the  son  of  Anthony  Duch^,  a 
Huguenot  refugee,  who  came  with 
William  Penn  to  .■\merica.  He  was  born 
in  Philadeljihia  in  1739,  and  was  grad- 
uated by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
'"  '"S"-  He  was  licensed  in  1759  by  the 
Bislio])  of  London  and  became  an  elo- 
cpient  Protestant  Episcopal  Clergyman. 
He  was  Rector  of  Christ  Church,  Phila- 
delphia, in  1775. 

He  married  a  sister  of  his  classmate, 
Francis  Hopkinson.  and  at  the  beginning 
of  the  Revolution  espoused  the  cause  of 
the  Colonics.  .At  the  meeting  of  the  first 
Congress,  September  4,  1774,  he  was 
invited  to  make  the  opening  prayer. 
"  For  his  excellent  Prayer,  so  well 
adapted  to  the  present  occasion,"  Con- 
gress gave  him  a  vote  of  thanks.  He 
was  chosen  Chaplain  to  Congress  July  9, 

1776,  and  he  gave  his  salary  to  the  relief 
of  the  families  of  Pennsylvania  slain  in 
battle.  He  resigned  the  Chaplaincy  in 
October. 

When  the  British  held  possession  of 
Philadelphia,  he  became  alarmed  at  the 
gloomy  aspect  of  affairs  and  in  October, 

1777.  wrote  to  Washington  urging  him  to 
discontinue  further  resistance.  The  let- 
ter being  transmitted  to  Congress, 
Duche  fled  to  England,  and  became 
Chaplain  to  the  Lambeth  Orphan  Asylum, 
his  estate  in  the  Province  was  confiscated 
and  he  as  a  traitor  was  banished  from 
this  country.   . 

He  returned  to  Philadelphia  in  1790, 
where  he  died.  January  3,  1798,  and  was 
buried  in  Christ  Church. 


413 


Wli  I.IAM  Masikks,  i-liLlud  1757,  ri-- 
siK"i'<l  Au;;usl  ,?isl  of  the  same  yt-ar. 

ill'  was  till-  son  of  Thomas  Masters, 
Mayor  of  PliilatU'lphia,  and  l*ro\inrial 
Councillor  1720-172,?.  lie  inlKriled  five 
liini(lrc-(l  acres  of  k^'Oiik'  '"  Northern 
Liberties,  now  a  i>art  of  Philadelphia, 
which  was  called  "  (Ireen  Sprinjc."  where 
he  lived  and  operated  the  Globe  Mills 
on  the  l'i>hocksink  (,'reek.  He  repre- 
sented Philadelphia  in  the  Assembly  for 
many  years ;  was  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners to  spend  money  appropriated  for 
defence  of  the  Province  ol   Pennsylvania. 

He  married  Marw  daughter  of  Thomas 
Lawrence,  the  Coiincellor,  and  died 
November  24,  1760,  and  was  bnried  in 
Christ  Chnrcli. 

Pl.lNKKTT  Fl.KKSoN,  elected  in  17.17, 
resinned  1759. 

He  was  born  in  Philade1i)hia  in  1712, 
an<I  was  familiarlv  known  as  "Squire 
Fleeson."  He  received  a  ){"<"J  educa- 
tion. 

In  1749.  during  the  war  between  France 
and  Spain,  when  the  inhabitants  of  the 
city  were  afraid  of  incursions  by  the 
privateers  of  the  enemy,  Mr.  Fleeson 
was  I'lnsij^n  of  the  SecontI  Company  of 
.Associators.  In  1752  he  was  anion);  the 
citizens  who  founded  the  Hibernia  Kn- 
Kine  Company.  He  was  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  .-Xs  a  business  man  he  was  active 
and  accumuiate<l  an  ample  fortune  in 
what  wasthen  known  as  the  "  upholder  " 
(upholstery)  business.  In  1765  heojiposed 
the  aKKressions  of  England,  and  remon- 
strate<l  ayainst  the  ta.x.ilion  of  the  Colo- 
nies an<l  othiT  oppressive  measures, 
which  eventually  brought  about  the 
Revolution. 

In  17.S0  he  was  commissioned  by  the 
President  .iiul  Kxecutive  Council  of  the 
States,  as  President  Judije  of  the  City 
Court  and  tilled  the  position  for  several 
years,  the  hearings  being  held  at  the  old 
Court  House.  He  died  in  1791,  nearly 
eighty  years  of  age. 

Anthony  Benkzkt,  elected  1757,  re- 
signed I75,s. 

He  w.is  a  native  of  St.  Quentin,  France, 
a  descendant  of  a  noble  French  family, 
which  (led  iVom  France  to  Holhuul  in 
16.S5,  after  the  revocation  of  the  e<lict  of 
Nantes,  and  thence  to  Kngland  in  171.S: 
here  they  remained  si.xteen  years,  during 
which  time  they  united  with  the  Society 
of  Friends.  In  November,  17,^1.  they 
arrivetl  at  Philatlel|>hia.  .Anthony  Bene- 
zet  was  born  January  1,5,  1713,  an<l  was 
apprenticed  with  a  hrm  in  the  shipping 
business.  Soon  after  his  marriage  (in 
1732),  he  left  mercantile  life,  and  in  1742 
accepted  the  position  of  instructor  in  the 
Friends'  English  School  of  Philatk-lphia. 
The  duties  of  a    teacher,  he    ilischarged 


with  unremitting  assiduity  and  delight 
until  near  ihecloseof  his  li(e.  Heilevoteil 
consi<Ierable  attention  to  the  abolition  ot 
the  slave  trade,  aiul  was  a  strong  atlvo 
cate  of  the  emancipation  .and  e(iucati<»n 
of  the  coloreil  population,  and  opened 
for  them  an  evening  school. 

During  the  Kev<ilutionary  w.ir,  and 
the  occupation  of  Philadelphia  by  tlu- 
British  army,  he  was  active  in  alleviating 
the  sufferings  of  the  prisoners.  He 
abantloned,  towards  the  close  t»f  his  lile. 
the  use  of  animal  food  on  conscientious 
grcnuuls. 

lie  published  manv  tracts,  which 
were  gratuitously  distrii>uled  throughout 
the  country,  the  most  important  were  : 
"  An  Account  of  that  Part  of  Africa 
Inhabited  by  Negroes"  {1762);  "A 
Cauticui  to  (jreat  Britain  and  her  Colo- 
nies, in  a  short  Representation  of  the 
Calamitous  State  of  the  Knslaved  Negrois 
in  the  British  I  >ominions  "  ( 1767) :  "  Sonu- 
Historical  .^ccounl  of  Guinea,  with  an 
Inquiry  into  the  Rise  and  Progress  of 
the  Slave  Tratle  "  ( 1771 1  ;  "  A  short  .Ac 
count  of  the  Religious  Society  of  Frienils" 
(17.S0) ;  "  ,\  Dissertation  on  the  Plainness 
and  Simplicity  of  the  Christian  Religion" 
(17.S21.  Also  tracts  against  the  "Use  ol 
Ardent  Spirits,"  and  "  Observations  on 
the    Indian   N.alives   of  this   Continent  " 

(17«4I- 

He  die<l  May  3,  17S4,  aged  seventy-one 
years. 

J.AMKS  Pkmbkkton,  electe<I  1758,  re- 
signed i7>*o;  was  the  fourth  Secretary 
I  >  759- "  772)- 

He  was  a  son  of  Israel  Pemberton,  Sr., 
and  a  grandson  of  Phineas  Pemberton, 
one  of  the  earlv  ,an«l  distinguished  set- 
tlers of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  .August  26,  1723.  From 
his  youth  he  w.as  distinguishecl  for  dili- 
gence, integrity,  and  benevolence.  In 
1745,  hetraveleil  toCarolina,  .and,  in  I74,'<. 
he  visited  Europe  and  travelled  nuich  in 
England.  <  >n  his  return  he  engaged 
extensively  in  commerce,  in  which  he 
received  successful  returns.  He  was  a 
liberal  contributor  and  useful  nian.ager 
of  the  Pennsylvania  IIosi>it,'d. 

He  was  not  so  eminent  .a  man  among 
the  Friends  as  his  brother  Israel.  Jr.,  but 
was  inlluential  in  church  .and  public 
affairs.  His  unimpeachable  integrity  as  a 
merchant  made  him  much  sought  after 
in  settling  controversies  in  trade  by  arbi- 
tration. He  w.as  one  of  the  Burgesses 
of  the  town  of  Philadelphia.  He  became 
early  interested  in  the  welfare  of  the 
negroes,  and  became  one  of  the  organi- 
zers of  the  Pennsylvania  .Abolition 
Society,  and  of  which,  on  Benjamin 
Franklin's  death,  in  1790,  he  became 
President. 


4U 


During  the  Iiulian  wars  lie,  aided  liy  his 
l)rothers.  endeavored  to  restore  peaee  ; 
many  of  the  Indian  chiefs  visitinj{  Phila- 
delphia were  hospitably  entertained  by 
him.  One  of  the  important  objects  of 
his  life  was  the  distribution  of  religious 
and  instructive  books.  In  1756  he  re- 
signed his  meml)ership  in  the  Assembly, 
because  the  service  involving  the  con- 
sideration of  military  atVairs  was  incom- 
patible with  his  religious  principles.  In 
1757  he  published  '"An  Apology  for  the 
People  called  the  Quakers,  containing 
some  reasons  for  their  not  complying 
with  Human  Injunitions  and  Instruc- 
tions in  Matters  relative  to  the  Worsliip 
of  God."  His  country-seat,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  was  occupied  by  some 
of  Lord  Howe's  officers  when  the  British 
were  in  Philadelphia ;  it  subsequently 
passed  into  tlie  possession  of  the  General 
Government,  and  is  now  the  United 
States  Naval  Asylum. 

In  his  ow'ii  reli.gious  society  he  was  a 
loved  and  honored  member.  He  was 
averse  to  war,  because  he  was  ojjposed 
to  the  settlement  of  political  tlifterences 
by  arms.  He  was  included  in  the  si.\- 
teen  or  seventeen  citizens  of  Philadeljihia 
who  were  banished  to  \'irginia  in  1777; 
*' to  keep  the  peace."  There  he  spent 
a  couple  of  years  and  wrote  out  a  jour- 
nal, some  of  which  has  been  published  in 
the  "  Friends  Miscellany,"  Vol.  VII. 

He  died  February  g,  1809,  aged  eighty- 
five  years. 

Thomas  \Vh.\rt(in  was  twice  elected  : 
the  first  time  1762.  resigned  in  1769; 
again  in  1772,  resigned  in  1779. 

He  was  also  Treasurer  of  the  Hospital, 
(1769-72.) 

Thomas  Wharton,  liis  ancestor,  emi- 
grated from  W'estmorelandshire,  Kng- 
land,  to  Pennsylvania,  about  i6N^.  and 
served  in  Common  Covincils  of  Philadel- 
phia (1713  to  1718.) 

He  died  July  31.  171.S.  leaving  a  large 
estate  to  lie  divitled  among  his  children. 

Joseph  Wharton,  the  father  of  Thomas, 
born  August  4.  1707,  became  a  prosperous 
merchant  of  Philadeljihia.  He  lived  at 
his  country-seat.  Walnut  Grove,  on  Fifth 
Street  near  Washington  .A\L-Tnie,  Phil;i- 
delphia,  which  was  madt.-  fatuous,  after 
his  death,  as  the  scene  of  the  celel)rated 
Meschianza,  held  there  in  1778. 

Thomas  Wharton  was  born  January  15, 
'/^"".i'-  He  became  a  merchant  of  iutlu- 
ence  and  wealth  and  belonged  to  the 
Society  of  Friends.  He  was  a  part  owner 
of  "  TheCrhronicle."  a  leading  newspajier 
of  the  city. 

In  1774.  Washington  wrote  that  he 
"  dined  with  Thotiias  Wharton."  Mr. 
W'harton  was  one  of  the  many  Friends, 
who    actively    o]>posed    the    itppressive 


measures  of  the  Knglisli  GoverninenI 
and  was  in  1765  a  signer  of  the  non- 
importation agreement.  When  the  Colo- 
nies resorte<l  to  arms,  his  sympathy 
was  actively  witlulrawn  from  their  cause. 
He  became  an  object  of  suspicion  to  the 
authorities  of  the  Colonies,  and  in  August 
1777,  he  with  other  Friends,  was  arrested, 
and  was.  on  refusing  to  sign  a  ]).irole  in 
the  luUowing  mouth  e.xiled  to  Staunton. 
X'irginia,  where  they  remained  until 
April,  1778.  Mr.  Wharton  was  proscribed 
as  an  enemy  of  his  country,  and  had  his 
jiroperty  ci>nfiscated  tnuier  an  Act  of 
Pennsylvania. 

He  died  near  Philadelphia  in  the  winter 
of  1782. 

.\mos  Strkttki.i..  elected  1766,  resign 
ed  June  30.  of  the  same  year. 

He  was  born  in  Dublin,  1720,  the  son 
of  Robert  Strettell,  one  of  the  Provincial 
Counsellors.  In  his  youth,  brought  by 
his  jiarents  to  Philadelphia,  he  became  an 
assistant  to  his  father  in  his  business  and 
became  an  eminent  and  ititelligent  mer- 
chant. When  his  father  was  elected 
Mayor,  Amos  became  a  representative  in 
General  Assembly:  an  .^Idernum  of  the 
cit\'  :  Trustee  of  the(»eneral  Loan  Office, 
and  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia. 

On  November  2,  1752,  he  married  in 
Christ  Church,  Hannah,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Hasell,  the  Counsellor  ;  she  inher 
ited,  from  the  Bnlkleys,  real  estate  in 
Chester  County,  upon  which  Benjamin 
Morris  built  the  liouse  known  as  the 
"  Knoll,"  located  near  Phoeni.vville. 

He  died  on  January  13,  1780,  in  the 
si.vtieth  year  of  his  age. 

JosKi'H  Redm.\n,  elected  1766;  resign- 
ed October  5,  1767. 

He  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
the  Slate  ;  he  w  as  for  several  years  elected 
to  the  office  of  High  Sherifi".  the  duties  of 
which  he  discharged  with  great  reputation 
for  his  equity  in  general  and  charitable 
attention  to  the  prisoners  in  partiiular. 

He  was  endowed  with  a  remarkable 
sweetness  of  temper,  and  eminent  degree 
of  humanity  and  benevolence,  which  led 
him  lo  sympathize  with  and  perform  acts 
of  kindness  lo  the  poor  and  distressed. 

He  died  September  19,  1779,  :»S<-il  59- 

John  Nixon,  elected  July  27,  1766; 
resigned,  August  25  of  same  year,  and 
.again  elected  in  1768  and  resigned  in 
1772. 

He  was  born  in  West  Chester,  Pa.,  m 
1733 ;  his  gran<li>arenls  emigrated  to 
.\merica  at  the  close  of  the  seventeenth 
century  from  Wexford.  Ireland.  His 
father.  Richard,  wasa  shipping  merchant 
in  1738  and  built  Ni.xon's  Wharf  on  the 
Delaware  River.  Philaiielphia  ;  he    was  a 


41; 


im-niln.r  of  lliv  City  CuumilslVimi  i;;!^  to 
the  tiiiU'  uf  his  <kMth  ;  and  was  aCn)>tuiii 
of  the  "  Associators." 

The  soil  siicceetled  tii  the  Imsiness  of 
the  father  am!  in  175').  ihiriiiK  the  excite- 
ment of  tile  KreMi  h  war,  lie  was  elected 
Lieutenant  of  the  company  of  which  his 
father  had  been  Captain  on  its  orxan- 
ization.  In  1765  he  signed  the  non- 
importation ajjreeiiient  against  the  stamp 
act,  and  from  that  time  took  an  active 
part  in  opposition  to  the  usurpations  of 
the  Crown  ;  he  was  one  of  the  Wardens 
of  the  Tort  of  I'liiladelphia  in  1756;  a 
nieiiiher  <if  the  committee  appointetl  at  a 
town  meeliiiK  held  May  20,  1774.  to  reply 
to  the  letter  from  the  citizens  of  Boston, 
carried  l>y  Paul  Revere,  and  a  moiuh 
later  was  made  a  nieniher  of  the  first 
committi-e  of  correspondence;  was  a 
delex^ile  to  the  convention  of  the  pro- 
vinces in  1774-75- 

The  Associators  in  April,  1775,  were 
again  called  into  activity  and  John  Nixon 
was  made  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the 
Third  Battalion  known  as  "the  Silk 
Stockings ":  he  was  also  a  member  of 
the  I'oniniittee  of  Safety  from  its  organ- 
ization till  its  dissolution,  and  presided 
at  its  meetings  in  the  absence  of  its  chair- 
man. He  had  charge  of  the  defences  of 
the  Delaware  at  Korl  Island  in  May,  1776, 
anil  in  July  was  in  command  of  the 
Guards  of  the  city  :  he  was  also  an  alder- 
man of  I'liiladelphia. 

On  July  4,  1776,  Congress  adopted  the 
Declaratioii  of  Independence  ;  it  was 
ordered  that  on  the  ,stli  it  should  be  pro- 
claimed in  each  of  the  Cnited  .States,  and 
at  the  heail  of  the  army,  011  the  6tli.  The 
Committee  of  Safety  of  Philadelphia 
ordered  that  it  should  be  read  and  i)ro- 
dainied  at  the  State  House  on  Monday, 
July  Sih,  at  noon  ;  at  that  time  and  |)lace, 
by  popular  .■ip|)ointiiient,  John  N'i.xon 
read  and  publicly  proclaimed  the  Uecla- 
ration  of  Independence. 

Col.  Nixon  in  July  took  the  Battalion 
of  Associators  to  .Amboy,  where  they 
had  six  weeks  of  service.  In  December, 
having  been  made  Colonel,  to  succee<l 
John  Cadw'alatler.  who  had  been  com- 
missioned lirigadier-C.eiieral.  he  marched 
with  his  battalion  to  Trenton,  and  re- 
mained with  General  Washington's  army 
until  late  in  January,  taking  part  in  the 
battle  of  Princeton  ;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Navy  Board  in  1776,  and  in  the  winter 
of  177S  was  with  the  camp  at  Valley 
Forge  w  ilh  the  troops. 

He  was  one  of  two  directors  of  the  Bank 
of  Pennsylvania,  appointed  to  serve  on 
a  commission  for  supi>Iying  the  army  of 
the  Cnited  States  with  provisions,  and 
subscribed  /'.sooo  for  that  purpose.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Bank  of 
North   America   in   17.H3,  and   its  second 


prcsiileiit  from  1792  until  his  <leath  ; 
lie  carried  the  colors,  at  the  procession 
celebrating  the  establishment  of  the  Con- 
.stilntion  ol  the  Cnited  Stales. 

He  died  December  31,  1808,  aged 
seventy-five  years. 

Wil.Ll.vM  L<»;an,  elected  1770,  resigned 

I77.S- 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  James  Logan, 
the  founder  of  the  Loganiaii  Library  ill 
Philadelphia.  He  was  born  at  "  Sleli- 
ttm,"  the  famil\'  seat  near  GermaiUown. 
now  Philadel|ihia,  May  14,  1718;  his 
ednc.'ition  was  superintendetl  by  his 
father  and  completed  in  Bristol,  Kng- 
land. 

On  his  return  to  Philadelphia,  he  be- 
came attorney  for  the  Peiin  family  with 
his  father.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Council  of  Philadelphia  from 
1743-1776;  he  was  an  advocate  and  |)ro- 
tector  of  the  Indians,  and  when  the 
meetings  of  the  corporation  were  flis- 
continued,  he  received  them  at  his  home. 
He  gave  the  aged  a  settlement  called 
the  Indian  Field,  on  his  land,  and  edu- 
cated their  chiltlren  at  his  own  exi>eiise. 
He  took  no  active  part  in  the  Kevolu- 
tioiiary  war,  being  in  Fngland  at  that 
period.  He  travelled  extensively  in  the 
i'nitcd  States  from  Philadelphia  to 
Georgia. 

With  the  same  spirit  that  actuated  his 
father,  he  (with  his  brother)  deeded  the 
Loganian  Library-  and  i)roperty  to  Israel 
PeniberlifU,  Jr..  \\illiam  .Mien,  Kichard 
Peters  and  Benjamin  I-'ranklin,  to  be  with 
William  Logan  and  his  brother,  James 
Logan,  the  trustees  or  managers,  and  he 
acletl  as  Librarian  until  his  death.  He 
a<lded  to  the  collection  the  books 
which  hail  been  beipuatlied  to  his  uncle, 
about  i3i;o  volumes.  The  Library  re- 
mained unopened  for  some  time  after 
the  Revoluti<iti.  when  the  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  171^2,  annexed  it  to  the 
Philadelphia  Library  Company,  estab- 
lished by  Franklin  and  his  associates. 

He  died  October  2.S,  1776,  aged  fifty- 
eight  years. 

TiioM.vs  Mii-i-i.ix,  elected  1771,  re- 
signed 1773.  He  served  as  the  filth  Sec- 
retary (1772-1773). 

He  w.as  born  in  Philadeliihia  in  1744; 
his  ancestors  were  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  among  the  earliest  settlers 
of  Pennsylvania:  he  graduate<l  at  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  was  distin- 
guished for  ability  and  classical  scholar- 
ship. His  parents  intended  him  for  a 
merchant,  and.  he  was  place<l  in  a  count- 
ing-house. He  subseipuntly  made  a 
voyage  to  Kurope,  in  176,5,  and  on  his 
return  entered  into  business  with  one  of 
his  br*)thers. 


416 


Ill  1772,  ulitii  Init  t'.\i-iUy-i-'it;lit  years 
of  age,  lie  was  elected  one  i>l  the  two 
Burgesses,  to  rejireseiit  IMiiladelphia  in 
the  General  Assembly  of  tlie  Slate,  and 
two  years  afterwards,  was  api)ointed  a 
delegate  from  the  St.ate  to  the  Conti- 
nental Congress. 

Thomas  Mifilin  was  appointed  Major 
of  one  of  the  Continental  regiments, 
thereby  severing  his  connection  witli  the 
Society  of  Kriends  in  which  he  was  born 
and  reared. 

He  joined  the  camp  at  Boston,  where 
he  distinguished  himself  by  opposing  a 
detachment  of  British  soldiers.  An 
officer  of  higli  rank  declared  he  ''  never 
saw  a  greater  dis|)lay  of  personal  bravery 
than  was  e.xliibited  on  this  occasion  in 
the  cool  and  intrepid  conduct  of  Colonel 
Miffiin."  After  the  withdrawal  of  the 
British  troops  from  Boston,  Colonel 
Mifflin  was  commissioned  l)y  Congress 
Brigadier-General,  he  having  discharged 
most  satisfactorily  the  arduous  duties  of 
Quarter-Master  General.  By  a  Congress- 
ional resolution  of  May  25,  1776,  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  confer  with 
Generals  Washington,  Gates  and  Mifflin 
"touching  the  frontiers  towards  Cana- 
da ;" — at  this  time  he  was  but  thirty-two 
years  of  age. 

About  this  time  he  was  commissioned 
to  raise  the  militia  of  Pennsylvania.  His 
efforts  were  attended  with  some  degree 
of  success  in  Philadelphia,  and  at  the 
head  of  fifteen  hundred  enlisted  men  he 
marclied  to  Trenton.  General  Mifflin 
was  again  dispatched  to  Philadelphia  to 
take  charge  of  the  numerous  stores  in 
that  place  ;  Congress  also  deemed  it  of 
importance  that  "  General  Mifflin  should 
make  a  pro.gress  through  several  of  the 
counties  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  to 
rouse  the  freemen  to  the  immediate  de- 
fence of  the  city  and  country,"  and 
resolved  "  That  the  Assembly  be  re- 
quested to  appoint  a  committee  of  their 
body,  to  make  a  tour  with  him,  and 
assist  in  this  good  and  necessary  work." 
This  important  commission  was  accepted 
and  its  duties  discharged  with  his  usual 
ability  and  zeal.  This  was  accomplished 
iust  before  the  b.ittle  of  Princeton,  and 
its  victory  with  that  of  Trenton  secured 
.\inerican  Independence.  In  Col.  Trum- 
bull's painting  of  the  Battle  of  Princeton, 
General  Milflin  makes  a  cons])icuous 
figure  in  the  memorable  contlict  ;  in  Feb- 
ruary following.  Congress  bestowed  upon 
him  the  rank  of  Major-General. 

In  17S3  he  was  elected  by  the  Legisla- 
ture a  member  of  Congress,  and  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year  was  made  President 
of  that  l:>od>\  in  which  I'apacity  he  re- 
ceived from  (leneral  Washington  his  re- 
signation as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
American  Army,  and  as  lUity  required 


on  t'l's  august  occasion,  made  a  rei)ly  to 
Washington's  address. 


In    1785  he  was    cho 


a  member    of 


the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania  and 
elected  Speaker  of  that  body.  In  1788 
he  was  President  of  the  Sujireme  E.xecu- 
tiye  Council  of  the  State,  imder  the  Con- 
stitution of  that  period.  In  17S7  he  rep- 
resented Pennsylvania  in  the  convention 
assembled  at  Pliiladcl])hia  to  frame  a 
government  tor  the  United  States ;  he 
was  also  a  member  and  became  Presi- 
dent of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1790,  and  after  its  adop- 
tion became  the  first  fiovernor,  and  held 
the  position  nine  years  (1790-99).  In 
1799  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  He  was  a 
member  ot  the  American  Philosophical 
SocietN'  from  i76,s  until  his  de;ith. 

He  died  January  20,  1800,  at  Lancaster, 
at  that  time  the  seat  of  the  State  Govern- 
ment, aged  fifty-six  years.  Ai)propriate 
resolutions  were  passed  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, and  his  interment  and  monument 
provided  for  at  public  e.\i)ense. 

Edvv.\kij  Penington,  elected  1773,  re- 
signed 1779. 

He  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Penington. 
who  was  for  many  years  the  Sherift"  of 
Bucks  County,  Pa.  Edward  was  born 
in  Pliiladelphia,  December  4,  1726,  was 
educated  in  the  Friends'  School,  and 
afterwards  became  a  merchant  of  the 
city. 

In  1761.  and  for  several  yi  Jrs  subse- 
quently, was  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Court  of  the  Common  Pleas.  In  1762,  by 
Act  of  Assembly,  was  one  of  the  Trustees 
in  whom  was  vested  the  State  House 
and  other  public  buildings,  '  for  the  use 
of  the  freemen  of  their  province  and 
their  representatives  ;  "  in  1768  elected 
a  member  of  the  .American  Philosophical 
Society.  By  the  action  of  this  organiza- 
tion in  1770  there  was  formed  a  "  Society 
for  the  Cultiv.ation  of  Silk  "  of  which  he 
became  treasurer. 

When  the  news  of  the  p.ass.age  by  Par- 
liament, of  the  Boston  Port  Bill  reached 
Philadelphia.  Judge  Penington  was  one 
of  the  members  who  in  May  1774,  assem- 
bled at  the  "  Coflee  House,"  and  formed 
a  committee  of  correspondence,  anil  in 
July  of  the  same  year,  became  a  member 
of  the  Provincial  Convention.  When  the 
Revolutionary  War  began,  his  Quaker 
])rincii)lesled  him  to  join  the  ''  non-resist- 
ants." and  was  classed  among  the  dis- 
atfected,  and  in  1777,  on  the  approach  of 
the  British,  he  was  arrested  and  sent  to 
Virginia.  After  his  return,  in  1790,  he 
was  elected  to  the  City  Councils  ;  and 
the  year  before  his  death  was  appointed 
by  the  Legislature  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners to  distribute  money  among  the 
French  refugees. 


417 


He  was  marrifd  at  Friends'  Muctiiig, 
Novi-mlR-r  26,  1754,  to  Sarah  Shoemaker, 
daughter  of  the  Coiiiutllor. 

Ill  1767,  acting  as  Attorney  for  Ann 
Penn,  he  offered  I'ennsliury  Manor  for 
sale,  piibhshed  a  description  of  it,  giving 
right  of  title,  and  alsii  some  historical 
events  concerning;  it.  lie  also  wrote  a 
"  I'oetical  Proclamation,  "  being  a  satire 
on  the  Conunitlee  of  Inspection  in  I'hila- 
delphia. 

He  died  September  30,  1796,  aged 
sixtv-nine  years. 

RouiCRT  Strettkli.  Jones,  elected 
1773,  resigned  1781  ;  he  was  the  eighth 
secretary  ( I777-I7ito). 

His  father  was  one  of  the  wealthy  mer- 
chants of  Philadelphia  and  was  chosen  to 
fill  many  important  public  offices  by  his 
fellow  citizens. 

Robert  w.as  born  July  21,  1745;  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  in  1765.  He  was 
one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society  ;  a  Director  of  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia:  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Inspection 
and  Observation  for  the  City  and  Liber- 
ties, August  1775,  and  also  one  of  its  sec- 
retaries. He  resided  for  some  years  in 
New  Jersey,  and  was  at  one  time  a  mem- 
ber of  its  Legislature. 

On  March  2,5,  1774,  he  was  married  in 
Christ  Church  to  Ann,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Sliippeii. 

He  died  in  Burlington,  X.  J.,  March  16, 
1792,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Mary's 
(iround. 

Tn<)M.\s  Fisher,  elected  1775,  resigned 
1776.  He  acted  ,is  the  seventh  Secretary 
from  May  13  to  July  30.  1776. 

He  was  a  son  of  Josluia  Fisher,  of 
Lewes.  Delaware,  afterwards  a  merchant 
of  Philadeliihia.  Thomas  was  born  May 
6,  1741,  and  on  coming  <if  age  was  taken 
into  partnerslii])  by  his  father,  and  be- 
came a  prosperous  merchant  of  the  city, 
accumulating  sufficient  wealth  to  enable 
him  to  retire  many  years  before  his 
decease. 

During  the  French  War  he  was  cap- 
tured at  sea,  and  carried  to  Spain  ;  after 
his  rele.isc  he  visited  England.  The 
father  and  three  sons  were,  during  the 
Revolution,  among  those  deemed  inimi- 
cal to  the  cause  of  Americ;i.  and  were 
arrested  and  transferred  to  Wine  luster. 
Va.,  where  they  remained  during  the 
winter  of  1777-8.  The  three  sons  suc- 
ceeded to  the  business  of  Joshua  Fisher 
&Sons,  and  in  the  same  year  the  brothers, 
Thomas  and  Miers  Fisher,  became  part- 
ners in  the  firm  of  Hough,  Bickham  & 
Co.,  lumbermen.  In  iSoo  Thomas  be- 
came a  partner  with  Leonard  Snowden 
in    a    brewery.     Thomas  was   owner  of 


two-lillhs  of  between  25,000  and  30,000 
acres  of  land  in  what  was  then  West- 
moreland County,  Pennsylvania ;  and 
one-half  of  io.ikhi  acres  in  Chemung 
Township,  New  York. 

On  March  17,  1772,  he  married  Sarah 
Logan,  (laughter  of  William  Logan,  who 
was  born  November  6,  1751,  and  died 
January  2.s,  1796. 

Thomas  Fisher  died  on  Thursday, 
September  6,  1810,  at  his  summer  resi- 
dence near  (fermantown,  aged  sixty-nine 
years. 

Sami^ei,  Powell,  elected  1778,  re- 
signed 1780. 

He  was  a  native  rtf  Philadelphia,  born 
in  1739.  I  le  niatriciilate<l  at  the  College 
of  Philadelphia  (now  the  University' of 
Pennsylvania)   and  graduated   A.  B.    in 

1759- 

He  served  sever.al  years  in  the  City 
Councils  ;  was  a  justice  of  the  Common 
Pleas  and  Ouarter  Sessions  Courts,  and 
in  1775  was  chosen  Mayor,  being  the  last 
under  the  Charter  of  1701. 

After  the  Revolution,  under  the  new 
Charier  in  1789,  he  was  again  chosen 
Mayor. 

In  1780  he  subscribed  /"s.ooo  for  the 
provisioning  of  the  Army.  In  1792  he 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  Senate  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  from 
1773  until  his  death  ,  also  a  Trustee  of 
the  I'niversity  of  Pennsylvania;  and  one 
of  the  fiiunders  and  in  17S3  the  first 
President  of  Philadel|)hia  Society  for 
promoting  .•\griciilture. 

He  was  of  Oiiaktr  slock,  but  when  in 
London,  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Richard 
Peters.  On  his  return  to  Philadelphia 
was  made  Lay  Deputy  from  St.  Peter's 
Church  lo  Convention  of  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Churches,  lielil  May  24,  1785.  He 
inherited  a  large  est.ate,  wliicli  he  be- 
fpiealhecl  to  his  wife,  who  gave  the  larger 
part  of  it,  including  "  Powelton,"  to  her 
nephew  .ind  adopted  son,  John  Powel 
Hare,  and  his  descendants. 

He  died  at  Philadelphia  September  29, 
1793,  in  the  fifty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

(;eor<;e  MlFELIN,  elected  1780,  con- 
tinued in  office  until  his  decease  in  1785. 

He  was  the  son  of  John  .Mifflin,  the 
Connci'Ilor,  was  a  merchant  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  was  for  a  time  in  partnership 
with  his  elder  brother. 

On  October  15,  1772,  he  married 
Martha,  daughter  of  Joseph  Morris,  a 
Philadelphia  merchant ;  the  issue  of  this 
marriage  were  two  children,  Thcmias 
and  Elizabeth  ;  the  former  married 
Sarah  Large  and  Eliz.abeth  was  married 
to  Caspar  Wistar. 

He  died  July  14,  1785. 


418 


Tench  Coxe,  elected  1780,  resigned 
1781,  was  the  ninth  Secretary  ( lyikt-iyHi ). 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  22, 
I755>  tli^  son  of  William  Coxe  and 
Frances,  daughter  of  Tench  Francis, 
Attorney-General  of  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania. 

His  ancestry  were  originally  from 
Somersetshire,  in  England. 

He  received  his  education  at  the 
College  of  Philadelphia.  On  leaving 
College,  he  entered  the  counting-house 
of  Co.xe  &  Furnian,  and  on  attaining  his 
majority,  May,  1776,  became  a  partner 
of  the  house,  under  the  name  of  Co.\e, 
Furman  &  Co.\e. 

He  was  elected  by  the  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  a  Commissioner  to  Ihe 
.■Annapolis  Federal  Convention,  which 
met  on  September  14,  I7'^6,  to  discuss 
the  proposed  Federal  Constitution,  etc. 
The  Commissioners  reconunended  that  a 
Convention  should  be  held  on  the  second 
Monday  of  May,  17S7,  which  was  ap- 
proved by  Congress,  and  the  result  of 
the  Convention  which  assembled  on  that 
day  was  the  present  Constitution  of  the 
United  States. 

In  17S8.  Mr.  Coxe  was  elected  by  the 
Legislature,  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress,  until  the  period  at  which  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  should 
go  into  operation.  In  September,  1789, 
an  act  was  passed,  organizing  the  Treas- 
ury Department.  The  following  May, 
Mr.  Coxe  received  the  appointment  of 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  In 
May,  1792,  he  was  ajipointed  b\'  the 
President,  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  to  the  position  of  Com- 
missioner of  the  Revenue  :  this  position 
he  held  during  the  rest  of  the  administra- 
tion of  (ieneral  Washington.  In  1S03  lie 
was  appointed  by  President  Jefferson, 
Purveyor  of  the  Public  Supplies  of  the 
United  States,  which  position  he  held  un- 
til the  office  was  abolished  in  1S12. 

His  writings  were  voluminous  and  ex- 
tended through  a  period  of  many  years, 
the  only  works  which  were  collected  and 
republished  in  book  form  were  :  "  A  Brief 
Examination  of  Lord  Sheffield's  Obser- 
vations on  the  Commerce  ot"  the  United 
States,  with  Two  Supplementary  Notes 
upon  .American  Manufacturers"  ( Phila- 
delphia and  London,  1792I;  "A  View  of 
the  United  States  of  America"  (Philadel- 
phia, 1794,  and  London,  179.S)  :  "A  State- 
ment of  the  Arts  and  Manufactures  of  the 
United  States,  for  the  year  1810"  (Phila- 
delphia, 1814). 

In  1787  he  published  a  pamphlet  which 
was  read  before  the  SocietN'  for  Political 
Inquiries,  at  the houseof  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin, (May  II,  1787)  entitled  :  ".An  Inquiry 
into  the  Principles  upon  which  a  Com- 
mercial   Svstem    for   the    United    Slates 


should  be  Founded,  to  which  are  added 
some  Political  Observations  connected 
with  the  subject." 

.Mr.  Coxe  during  his  whole  life  devoted 
himself  to  the  encouragement  of  American 
manufactures.  In  1775,  when  but  twenty 
years  of  age,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
United  Company  of  Philadeljjhia,  for  Pro- 
moting American  Manufactures.  In 
1787,  he  was  one  of  the  most  active  of  the 
founders  of  the  Pennsylvania  Society  for 
the  Encouragement  of  Arts  and  Domestic 
Manufactures,  which  w-as  instituted  at 
that  time,  and  at  the  instance  of  Dr.  Rush, 
he  delivered  the  inaugural  address,  and 
subsequently  he  became  President  of  the 
Society.  In  1S12,  Congress  instructed  the 
.Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  have  com- 
piled a  statement  of  the  Manufactures  of 
the  Country.  Mr.  Gallatin  applied  to 
Mr.  Coxe,  as  the  first  authority  among 
economists,  to  execute  the  undertaking. 

In  1786,  Mr.  Coxe  having  seen  some 
cotton  growing  in  gardens  in  Maryland, 
was  convinced  that  it  might  be  exten- 
sively cultivated  in  this  country  ;  the 
result  of  an  examination  satisfied  him 
that  all  the  region  south  of  latitude  thirty- 
nine  was  capable  of  producing  cotton  ex- 
tensively. He  thenceforth  employed  his 
pen  to  attract  pulilic  attention  of  the 
community  to  the  subject,  with  complete 
success;  He  deserves  to  be  named  the 
Father  of  the  American  Cotton  Industry. 
He  it  was  also  who  first  attempted  to  bring 
an  Arkwright  machine  to  the  United 
States. 

Mr.  Coxe  died  in  Philadelphia  July  17, 
1824,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Reynold  Keene,  elected  1781,  re- 
signed 1790;  eleventh  Secretary  U783 
and  17S6)  and  the  seventh  President  of 
Board  of  Managers. 

He  was  born  on  the  Island  of  Barbadoes 
about  1738  and  was  the  son  of  Peter 
Keene.  He  passed  most  of  his  life  in 
Pliiladelphia  and  was  elected  to  represent 
the  city  and  liberties  of  Philadelphia  in 
the  Provincial  Convention  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. (January  23-28.  1775.) 

.Alter  this.  Mr.  Keene  removed  to  Read- 
ing, Pa.  and  was  appointed  .April  21,  1777, 
a  Commissioner  for  the  County  of  Berks, 
to  audit  and  settle  the  accounts  of  the 
militia  and  flying  camp  of  the  said  county, 
for  arms  and  accoutrements  purchased 
by  the  officers  of  those  corps  and  the 
property  of  persons  lost  in  actual  service  ; 
also  of  those  persons  who  have  been 
killed,  died  in  the  service  of  the  States  or 
were  made  prisoners. 

In  177.8.  Mr.  Keene  returned  to  Philadel- 
phia, then  occupied  by  General  Howe, 
leaving  his  family  in  Reading  ;  this  step 
induced  some  suspicion  of  his  loyalty 
to    the    cause    of   the   colonies,    and    a 


419 


"Venilui;"  of  his  pLTSiinnl  kuo'Is  was 
ordert'd  l)y  OjI.  Ili'iiry  Hallcr.  Hi-  was 
also  riciuircil  l>y  an  ail  of  Central 
AsSfMihly.  passed  March  6,  i???*,  to 
nndir  himself  to  the  juilne  of  the  Su- 
preme Conn  to  abide  liis  trial  for  treason 
to  tile  fommonwealth.  Mr.  Keene  was 
nnahle  to  comply  with  this  and  he 
innirred  the  penalty,  vi/.  attainder  as  a 
traitor,  and  he  forfeited  his  property  to 
the  Slate. 

Subsequently,  upon  his  petition,  an 
act  was  passe<i  .'innullin^  tlie  former  one 
so  far  as  it  regarded  the  person  of 
Mr.  Keene.  provided  he  reudereil  himself 
to  one  of  the  justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  ahidinn  liis  "  trial  for  any  treason 
or  misprison  of  treason,  that  he  is  or  has 
been  or  may  be  charged  with."  Sub- 
sequently. Mr  Keene  was  "  discharjjed 
from  prosecution." 

Mr.  Keene  was  designated  one  of  the 
signers  of  Hills  of  Credit  authorized  by 
our  I'roviuce,  F'ebruary  26,  1773;  his 
name,  with  that  of  Hon.  Richard  IV-nn, 
is  appended  to  a  document  respecting  the 
improvement  of  a  road  in  tile  Northern 
Liberties  ill  177.5. 

In  November.  17.^1),  he  was  elected 
alderman  of  Pliila<lelpliia,  a  position  he 
held  the  rest  of  the  lite;  by  virtue  of  this 
ofTice.  he  e.Nercised  the  functions  of  a 
justice  of  the  peace,  sometimes  sitting  in 
the  Orphans'  Court. 

May  s.  iyc)4  he  was  commissioned  an 
associate  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  the  city  and  c<iiiiitry. 

Mr.  Keene  married  first,  October  21, 
1762.  his  cousin.  Christiana  Stille.  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Sarah  Stille:  she  died 
in  Reading.  Ha.,  on  November  3,  1777. 
Mr.  Keene  was  married,  seconilly.  by 
Rev.  William  While.  June  6,  17.S0,  to 
Patience,  widow  of  Joseph  Worrell,  and 
daughter  of  .Alexander  Barclay,  Esq.,  of 
Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Keene  died  in  Philadelphia,  .-Vugust 
29.  iSoo,  in  the  sixty-third  year  of  his  age 
and  was  buried  in  Gloria  Dei  churchyard. 

Jonathan  Shoemakf.r,  elected  17S1, 
resigned  1790. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  a 
member  of  the  first  Constitutional  Con- 
vention of  Pennsylvania,  1790,  and  one  of 
the  signers. 

He  died  December  28,  18.57,  "'  ''"-" 
residence  of  his  son  Isaac  Shoemaker. 
Esq..  near  the  city  of  Baltimore.  Mary- 
land, in  the  eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

Isaac  Wharton,  elected  1781,  re- 
signed 1 784  ;  he  was  the  tenth  Secretary 

(I78i-i783» 

He  was  a  brother  of  Thomas  Whart.m, 
a  Manager  of  the  Hospital,  and  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  September  15,  1745. 


Eor  tnany  years  he  wasoneof  the  most 
eminent  merchants  of  I'hiladelphia,  ami 
was  highly  respected. 

1)11  November  14,  1780,  .at  Friends' 
Meeting  he  married  Margaret,  (hiughter 
of  l-'rancis  Raw  le. 

.Mr.  Wharton  was  a  nieniber  of  Com- 
mon Council  in  1791  ;  and  at  the  time  of 
his  decease  a  Director  of  the  Bank  of 
the  I'nited  States;  and  President  of  the 
Phienix  Insurance  Company. 

He  died  March  .51,  |8>,S,  aged  sixty -two 
years. 

JosiAii  IIkwics.  elected  17S1.  resigned 
1S12,  w.is  the  eighth  i'resiclenl  of  the 
Board  of  Managers  (1790-1.S121.  serving 
for  twenty-one  years  and  eleven  months. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  but  .it 
an  early  period  of  his  life  became  a  resi- 
dent   of     Philadelphia    City,    where    for 


nearly  half  a  century  he  was  indus- 
triously and  successfully  occupied  in 
trade  and  commerce. 

By  a  scrupulously  honest  and  upright 
lile  he  obtained  the  respect  and  confi- 
dence of  his  fellow-citizens,  which  they 
manifested  by  hiselection  in  many  of  our 
public  institutions,  charitable  and  com- 
mercial. 

The  same  benevolence  which  distin- 
guished him  through  life,  had  its  inllu- 
eiice  in  the  distribution  of  his  estate,  of 
which  a  considerable  portion  was  applied 
to  charitalile  purposes. 

He  died  .August  17,  1821,  in  the  eighty- 
ninth  year  o(  his  age. 

AiJAM  lUiii.KV,  elected  1782,  resigned 
1784,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania,  January  9,  1740. 

He  was  commissioned  a  Major  of  the 
Tenth  Pennsylvania  Regiment  on  Decem- 
ber (■>,  1776:  commaniled  the  Eleventh 
Regiment  with  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  from  June  5,  1779,  and  retired 
on  January  1,  1781.  From  1785-89  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  and 
in    1790   a    State  Senator. 


420 


His  " Jiiunial  uf  Kvcnts  in    1779"   "as    1 
publisiifd  in  tlit-   Pennsylvania  Arcliives 
12  Scrii-s  \'ul.  XI  I.  ' 

Ht  died  in  Philadelphia,  May,  1798, 
aged  fifty-eight  years. 

Nathaniel  Falconkr,  elected  1782, 
resigned  17.S3  ;  re-elected  in  17^4,  and 
and  resigned  1790,  as  the  meetings  of 
Board  occurring  at  the  same  time  as  those 
of  Common  Council,  of  which  he  was  a 
meml)er,  they  interfered  with  his  duties 
to  that  body.' 

Captain  Falconer  had  rendered  valu- 
able services  to  the  Hospital  in  many 
ways.  At  one  time  he  commanded  a 
packet  ])lying  between  Philaikl]>hia  and 
London,  and  on  many  occasions  had 
brought  books  for  the  Library,  and  surg- 
ical instruments,  besides  conveying  let- 
ters and  attending  to  inany  affairs  of  im- 
l)ortance  for  the  Managers  in  London  ; 
all  of  which  were  remembered  when  a 
vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  him. 

Andrew  Doz,  elected  1783,  resigned 
178S,  was  born  October  14,  1727,  and 
was  a  grandson  of  Andrew  Uoz,  a 
Huguenot,  who  had  charge  of  Penn's 
V'ineyard  at  Fairmount. 

His  country,  his  church,  and  the  poor 
shared  the  benefits  of  his  charities  dur- 
ing his  life  and  were  rememl)ered  by  him 
with  peculiar  liberality  in  the  hour  of  his 
death.  In  his  will  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  is  mentioned  first  as  a  bene- 
ficiary of  his  valuable  estate. 

He  died  on  Thursday,  December  18, 
1788,  aged  si.\ty-one  years. 

Samuel  Howell,  elected  1784,  re- 
signed 1789.  was  elected  the  si.\th 
President  of  the  Board  of  Managers  from 
1786-1789  and  served  over  three  years  in 
that  position. 

He  was  a  successful  business  man  of 
Philadel])hia  and  in  the  year  1765  joined 
with  other  merchants  in  a  non-importa- 
tion agreement  to  countermand  all  orders 
for  English  goods  until  the  stamp  act 
should  be  repealed.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  Committee  on  Correspondence  :  also 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety. 

He  died  December  9,  1807,  at  his 
country-seat  near  Frankford,  Philadel- 
phia. Pa. 

Samuel  Coates,  elected  1785,  and  re- 
signed 1825,  from  failing  eyesight,  the 
effect  of  double  cataract,  having  served 
the  Hospital  forty  years  and  four  months; 
he  was  the  twelfth  Secretary  (1786-1812). 
He  was  also  the  ninth  President  of  the 
Board  and  iield  the  pttsition  from  1812  to 
1825. 

He  was  born  at  Philadelphia,  August 
24,1748.  His  parents  were  Samuel  and 
Mary  Coates,  fu-er  Langdale,  his  ancestors 


were  from  Leicester,  Kngland.  His 
grandfather.  Thomas  Coiites,  whc»  came 
to  Philadelphia  in  1684,  was  a  merchant 
and  a  convert  to  the  Society  of  Friends. 
Samuel  lost  both  parents  at  an  early  age. 
He  was  then  taken  in  charge  by  his 
uncle,  John  Reynell.  He  obtained  a 
gootl  classical  and  business  etlucation, 
and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  he  had  charge 
of  and  conducted  a  small  commercial 
business  from  April  13,  1768,  to  May  31, 
1771.  He  then  went  into  business  with 
his  uncle,  the  firm  being  Reynell  & 
Coates;  this  continued  until  1782.  In 
October,  1783,  he  associated  with  himself 
his  brother,  Joseph  Langdale  Coates; 
this  continued  until  1791,  when  he  en- 
gaged in  the  New  England  ("ommission 
trade,  which  he  conducted  with  great 
activity  till  1793,  when  the  epidemic  of 
yellow  fever  made  its  terrible  ravages  in 
this  city,  which  enlisted  his  sympathy 
and  active  interest  in  precautionary  and 
charitable  measures.  His  further  in- 
terest in  mercantile  affairs  gave  place  to 
his  devotion  to  public  duties,  which  from 
this  time  until  his  death  engrossed  his 
whole  time  and  attention.  He,  with  his 
family,  continued  in  membership  with 
the  Society  of  Friends,  and  he  was  regu- 
lar in  his  attendance  at   Public-Worship; 

He  was  twice  married.  On  January  12, 
1775.  he  married  Lydia  Sanders,  daughter 
of  Joseph  and  Hannah  Sanders.  His 
wife  died  October  24,  1789.  He  was 
again  married  on  Novetnber  17,  1791,  to 
Amy,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Hotter,  one 
of  the  earliest  and  most  prominent  of 
Market  Street  merchants.  His  wife  and 
her  two  sons  survived  him,  and  four 
children  of  his  previous  marriage. 

He  was  permanently  identified  with 
the  public  events  of  his  time,  his  integrity, 
business  experience,  and  well-known 
philanthropy  made  his  counsel  and  per- 
sonal services  nuich  sought  after  by  his 
fellow-citizens,  who  showed  their  confi- 
dence in  him  by  their  call  to  a  succession 
of  public  duties,  which  occupied  his 
time  and  attention  during  the  later  por- 
tion of  his  life. 

On  July  25,  1785,  he  was  elected  a 
manager  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
and  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
held  at  his  residence  March  3.  1786,  he 
was  one  of  the  conunittee  appointed  and 
instructed  to  report  "on  a  plan  of 
economy  and  on  the  cause  of  the  great 
expense  of  the  house."  A  plan  was  re- 
ported by  which  e.xpenditures  might  be 
greatly  diminished,  and  a  better  system 
of  responsibility  created  ;  on  the  30th  he 
was  the  first  named  of  a  committee  of 
three  "  to  revise  theminutesand  prepare 
for  the  annual  election."  In  May  he 
was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Board,  .and 
on    May  11,    1812,   he   was   unanimously 


421 


elfcctcci  Presiilint  of  tlu-  FJoard  of  Man- 
agers, which  position  ht-lii-lil  for  Ihirtit-ii 
years  until  incri.-asiiiK  infirmitifs  ol>hKi'(l 
iiim  to  risityi  Noviinhtr  iX,  1S25,  whi-n 
thefollowiii>;ininuti-  was  made  :  "Sanuitl 
Coatis,  thr  viniralilL-  rrisiilcnt  of  tlio 
Board,  wlio  has  fillud  the  position  of  a 
Mananir  for  upward  of  forty-one  years, 
and  served  the  institution  with  zeal  and 
ability,  personally  atteiiiled  and  resi);ned 
his  seat  in  consequence  of  his  advanced 
age  and  many  infirmities.  The  Board 
regrets  the  necessity  and  accompanies 
his  retirement  with  sincere  wishes  for  his 
health  and  happiness." 

lie  was  nominated  and  appointed 
August  ,^i,  17.S6,  a  member  of  "  the  over- 
seers of  the  Public  Schools  founded  by 
Charter  in  the  town  and  county  of  Phila- 
pliia,"  and  resigned  the  duty  from  ad- 
vanced ane  on  June  27,  1X13.  On  June 
6,  i.SiK.,  Ik-  was  elected  a  Director  of  the 
original  Hank  of  the  I'nited  States,  I>einK 
one  of  the  number  elected  to  succeed 
those  nieiuliers  who  were  required  by 
law  to  vacate  their  places,  and  he  con- 
tinued in  this  position  until  the  close  of 
the  Banlc  in  i.-ii2.  In  17.S4  he  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  the  I'iiiladelphia  Library 
Company,  and  helil  this  position  until 
179?,  when  he  reliTUinisheil  it  to  take 
charjje  of  the  l.onanian  Library,  under 
the  same  directors,  and  this  he  held  until 
failing  eyesight  coinpelle<l  him  to  resign 
on  .^pril  24.  1S24.  having  been  Treasurer 
for  a  perio<l  of  thirty-two  years. 

In  the  year  1H22  double  cataract  at- 
tacked both  eyes,  which  in  1824  disaliled 
him  from  writing,  his  enfeebled  conili- 
tion  being  such  that  Dr.  I'hysick,  the 
eminent  surgeon,  declined  to  operate  ; 
to  this  affliction  was  added  considerable 
deafness ;  for  a  year  preceding  his 
decease  he  was  confined  to  the  house,  the 
latter  half  of  the  year  mostly  to  his 
chamber. 

The  termination  of  his  life  occurred 
June  5.  1S30,  at  the  age  of  eighty-<me 
years  nine  months  and  twenty-two 
days. 

In  the  possession  of  the  Hospital  is 
to  be  found  a  full  length  jiortrait  of 
Samuel  Coates.  painted  and  presented  to 
the  institution  by  Sully,  the  eminent 
artist. 

The  Board  of  Managers  caused  the 
following  memorial  to  lit-  entered  upon 
the  Minutes  and  to  be  published  in  the 
daily  papjers: 

"  .\t  a  special  meeting  of  the  Managers 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  held  6th 
month  7th.  1H30. 

"The  Managers  having  assembled  for 
the  purpose  of  following  to  the  grave  the 
remains  of  Samuel  Coates,  who  dietl  on 
the  5th  instant  in  the  eighty -second  year 
of  his  age,  deem  it  the  proper  occasion  to 


recorri  on  the  miiuilcs.  a  tribute  of  riispect 
and  alVeition  for  the  memory  of  tlieir 
venerable  friend,  as  well  as  gratefully 
though  brielly  to  cotumeniorate  and  pub- 
licly acknowieilge  his  services  as  the  long 
devoted  and  faithful  benefactor  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

"  Residing  in  his  youth  with  a  relative 
ijohn  Kcynell)  who  was  one  of  its  found- 
ers, he  became  early  acipiailUed  with, 
and  much  interested  in  its  excellent  de- 
sign and  primitive  elforts.  1  le  was  chosen 
a  manager  of  the  institution  in  17X5  and 
contiiuied  so  for  more  than  forty  years, 
during  which  period  he  acted  as  secretary 
twenty-si.v  years  and  as  presiilent  of  the 
Board  over  thirteen  years. 

"  The  increasing  infirmities  of  declining 
life,  induced  him  to  retire  from  olTice  in 
1.S25,  after  which  time,  until  the  late  elec- 
tion, when  in<lisposition  detained  him  in 
his  chamber,  he  showed  an  unabated  at- 
tachment to  the  concerns  of  the  estab- 
lishment, by  attending  and  participating 
in  the  business  of  the  annual  meetings  ol" 
the  contributors. 

"  No  individual  ever  connected  withthe 
administration  of  the  Hospital  bestowed 
so  much  personal  attention  upon  its  af- 
fairs; and  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
funds,  which  have  enlarged  the  usefulness 
of  this  noble  charily,  were  obtained  by 
his  impressive  and  unwearieil  petition  in 
its  behalf. 

"  The  benevolence  and  vigor  of  his  mind 
were  developed  on  all  (iccasions,  when 
suflering  lunnanity  made  the  appeal. 
Proofs  of  these  generous  and  elTicient  dis- 
)>ositions.  are  not  few,  and  they  were 
strikingly  illustrated  in  the  memorable 
autumns  of  1793  and  I79.~<,  when  pestilence 
(Yellow  Kever)  and  death  reigned  in 
Philadelphia.  On  the  former  of  those 
awful  seasons  he  was  assiduous  in  his 
attentions  as  a  manager  and,  by  his  pres- 
ence and  advice,  encouraged  an<l  sus- 
tained theolTicers  of  the  house  in  the  per- 
formance of  their  duties,  amidst  the  snr- 
roumling  consternation.  ."Xud  when  the 
members  of  the  cf>mmittee  who  perilled 
their  lives  for  the  relief  of  the  sick  an<l 
destitute,  found  themselves  uneipial  to 
the  exigencies  of  the  <iccasion,  and 
requested  aid  of  their  fellow-citizens, 
Samuel  Coates  promptly  olTered  himself 
as  an  assistant,  and  continued  to  extend 
care  over  the  district  of  the  city,  and  to 
furnish  succor  to  the  afflicted  inhabitants, 
until  the  return  of  his  health,  ;nul  during 
the  other  period  of  calamity,  lie  remained 
in  town  attd  was  the  only  manager  of  this 
institution  found  at  his  post  throughout 
the  epidemic. 

'  The  fearful  circunistancesof  that  dis- 
tressing moment,  induced  him  to  propose 
to  attend  at  the  Hospital  in  the  place  of 
the  steward,  to  enable  Francis  Higgins, 


422 


who  occui)it-d  that  station,  to  assist  in 
keeping  the  ronviits  at  tlie  penitentiary, 
whose  escape  was  a])prehende(;i.  threaten- 
ing pUinder  anil  conflagration,  in  addition 
to  the  sorrows  which  were  dispensed  to 
our  then  devoted  metropolis. 

"  The  fulfilment  of  all  these  important 
duties  was  distinguished  by  a  remarkalile 
single-mindedness,  energy,  and  simplic- 
ity of  purpose,  which  at  once  proclaimed 
that  he  sought  neither  influence,  nor  the 
dispensation  of  patronage,  nor  any 
worldly  gain,  as  incident  to  his  public 
functions  and  benefii  lent  labors.  In  this 
he  was  not  the  man  of  mere  pretensions, 
and  his  example  is  therefore  full  of  in- 
struction and  worthy  of  imitation  and 
praise. 

"  In  reference  to  higher  and  purer  con- 
siderations, may  not  those  who  now  con- 
template these  estimable  and  beautiful 
principles  of  his  character,  be  permitted 
to  believe,  that  as  they  originated  in  his 
reverence  of  the  great  doctrines  of  Chris- 
tianity leading  him  to  dedicate  his  life  to 
works  of  mercy  and  kindness,  so  will  it 
please  the  Author  of  all  goodness  to  be- 
stow upon  his  departed  spirit,  a  reward 
which  cannol  fade  away. 

"  The  Secretary  is  requested  to  cause 
the  above  minute  to  be  inserted  in  all 
the  newspapers." 

Elliston  Perot,  elected  1789.  re- 
signed 1S06,  was  born  March  16,  1747,  in 
the  Island  of  Bermuda. 

At  the  age  of  seven  years,  he  was  sent 
to  New  York  and  educated  by  his  uncle 
Elliston,  then  Collector  of  Customs,  un- 
der  whose  care  he  spent  five  years  at 
school  at  New  Roclielle.  When  his  uncle 
died  before  he  completed  his  education, 
it  necessitated  his  return  to  Bermuda, 
where  he  lived  until  his  twenty-first  year, 
when,  having  an  inclination  for  mercan- 
tile pursuits,  he  returned  to  New  York 
and  began  business  in  the  West  India 
trade. 

In  1772  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  his  brother  John,  under  the  firm- 
name  of  Elliston  &  John  Perot,  in  the 
island  of  San  Domingo,  where  they  con- 
tinued luitil  177N,  when  with  the  prospect 
of  greater  advantages,  they  removed  to 
St.  Christophers,  but  their  expectations 
not  being  realized,  they  left  that  place  for 
St.  Eustatius,  then  under  the  dominion 
of  the  Dutch  Government  Here  they 
remained  until  i7.*li.  when  the  island  was 
surprised  and  taken  b\'  the  British  fleet 
and  army,  under  Admiral  Rodney  and 
Gen.  Vau,ghn,  the  inhabitants  being  un- 
aware of  hostilities  existing  between 
Great  Britain  and  Holland.  Ellist(m  and 
John  Perot  being  made  prisoners  of  war, 
their  goods  were  confiscated,  and  sold  at 
publicauction;  and  they  were  detained  six 


months  as  prisoners  of  war  ;  when  liber- 
ated, they  went  to  England,  and  made  an 
unsuccessfiil  attempt  to  prosecute  the 
military  officers  for  what  they  consi<lered 
their  illegal  proceedings.  He  remained 
about  three  years  in  Europe,  visiting 
Holland,  Ireland  and  France:  in  1784  he 
returned  to  the  United  States,  and  re- 
commenced business  witli  his  l>rother 
John,  as  merchants. 

In  1786,  he  was  admitted  a  member  of 
the  Societ>"  of  Friends,  at  the  monthly 
meeting  of  Philadelphia,  where  he  resided 
during  the  remaimier  of  his  life. 

On  January  9,  1787,  he  was  married  by 
Friends'  ceremony,  to  Sarah  Sansom, 
only  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Hannah 
Sansom. 

He  enjoyed  excellent  healtli  until  the 
autumn  of  1.S20  when  he  was  attacked 
with  influenza  at  Yellow  Springs,  which 
left  him  subject  to  asthma. 

He  died  November  28,  1834,  aged 
eighty-seven  years. 

S.\MUEL  M.  Fox,  elected  1794,  resigned 

1797- 

Mr.  Fox  filled  many  public  positions, 
being  a  member  of  the  Corporation,  and 
President  of  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
Director  of  the  Philadelphia  Library, 
and  Trustee  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. His  talents,  integrity  and  in- 
dustry, and  his  attention  to  the  interests 
of  literature  and  art,  rendered  him  an 
e.xtremely  useful  member  of  the  commu- 
nity in  which  he  spent  his  life. 

He  died  Ajjril  30,  1S08. 

Robert  W.\i.\'  elected  1795,  resigned 
1.800.  was  descended  from  an  English 
Quaker  family  of  Settle,  in  the  West  Rid- 
ing of  Yorkshire.  Born  in  Philadelphia, 
February  22,  1765,  he  was  educated  at 
the  Friends'  Academy.  He  inherited  a 
large  estate  and  embarked  in  business  in 
with  his  brother,  under  the  firm-name  of 
Jesse  and  Robert  Wain,  and  continued 
the  West  India  and  English  shipping 
business,  wiiich  had  been  established  by 
their  father  ;  they  became  widely  known 
for  many  years  in  the  East  India  and 
China  trade,  which  almost  equalled  that 
of  Stephen  Girard. 

Mr.  Wain  was  for  several  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Legislature  ;  was  elected 
to  Congress  as  a  Federalist  1798-1801. 
During  the  war  of  1812,  he  built  the  first 
cotton  factory  in  this  country  ;  and  was 
largely  interested  in  iron  works  at  Phoe- 
nixville,  Pa.  He  was  it  strong  protec- 
tionist, and  was  selected  by  "  The  Penn- 
sylvania Society  for  the  Encouragement 
of  Manufactures."  to  refute  the  specious 
arguments  used  in  a  paper  on  free  trade. 
He  published  his  "  .Answer  to  the  Anti- 
Protective  Report  of  Henry  Lee  "  while 
the  excitement  of  the  tariff  question  was 


423 


at  its  lii'iKlit.  Hu  was  alsii  the  author  iif 
"Scvfil  Litters  Id  Klias  lliiks."  wliich 
attractcil  ^rcat  attc-ntiuii,  aiul  is  sii|i|H>st*(l 
loliavfcoiilirnuil  the  laith  iirinaiiy  ill  the 
oriKiiial  ilixtriiiis  i>f  the  Society  of 
Friends;  wliile  Mr.  Wain  was  a  l'"rieiul 
in  principles,  aiul  a  regular  atteiulant  at 
the  nieeliiinsof  that  Society,  he  iliil  not 
conform  to  the  peculiarities  of  their  dress 
and  lan^ua^e. 

lie  was  lor  many  years  a  member  of 
Councils,  and  at  one  time  President  of 
Select  Council,  lie  was  also  President 
for  many  years  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce; of  the  Philadelphia  Insurance 
Company  ;  .Atlantic  Insurance  Ci'mpany  ; 
and  the  first  Presiilent  of  the  Mercantile 
Library  Company  ;  and  a  Director  of  the 
Bank  of  North  America;  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Library  Company;  a  Trustee  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  ;  and  by  the 
will  of  Stephen  Girard,  one  of  the  Trus- 
tees of  his  estate. 

He  died  January  24,  1836,  aged  71 
years. 

Jami:s  Smith,  Jr.,  elected  1795,  re- 
signed lSjS,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
October  15,  1750,  his  forefathers  were 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

He  was  one  of  the  representatives  of 
his  godfather,  James  Lo>;an,  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  tile  alVairs  of  the  Library, 
which  he  had  establislie<i. 

When  actively  en^aned  in  mercantile 
pursuits  he  successively  officiated  as  a 
IJircctorof  the  Bank  of  Pennsylvania  and 
of  North  America. 

Me  died  September  16,1833,  "g^'d  nearly 
eighty-three  years. 

Zaccuei's  Cdi.i.ins,  elected  i8(»,  re- 
signed 1822,  was  born  in  Philailelphia, 
August  26,  1764.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  F'riends  ;  a  promoter  of 
and  Vice-President  of  the  Academy  of 
N.itural  Sciences  ;  also,  of  the  .American 
F*hilosophical  Society,  and  an  tilTicer  or 
member  of  many  humane  and  religious 
societies. 

He  died  in  Philadelphia,  June  12,  1831, 
at  the  age  of  sixty-six  years. 

Richard  Wistar,  elected  1803,  re- 
signed 1806,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
July  20.  1756.  He  was  a  grandson  of 
Caspar  W'istar,  who  emigrated  fr<tni  (ier- 
many  to  America  in  1717,  and  established 
near  Salem,  N.  J.,  the  first  large  glass 
manufactory  in  North  .America,  in  the 
management  of  which  lie  was  assiste<l  by 
his  son. 

In  early  life,  Richard  Wistar  devoted 
Ills  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits,  in 
which  he  was  very  successful.  In  1790 
he  carried  on  the  wholesale  and  retail 
hardware     business,     and     invested     in 


ground  and  houses  in  and  near  Philadel- 
phia which  became  e.xceetliiigly  valua- 
ble. 

On  March  14,  1782,  he  was  married  to 
Sarah  Morris,  daughter  of  Capt.  Samuel 
Morris,  of  Philadelphia. 

He  ailvocateil  during  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  the  defense  of  his  property,  by 
arms,  and  he  also  married  "out  of  Meet- 
ing," which  resulted  in  his  being  dis- 
owiietl  by  the  Society  of  Friends.  Rich- 
ard Wistar  became  a  Freemason  August 
27,  1779,  and  was  held  ill  high  esteem  by 
the  fraternity.  He  w.'is  an  active  Inspec- 
tor of  the  Prisons;  he  led  the  way  in  alle- 
viating the  miseries  of  prisoners  in  Phila- 
delphia. Before  the  Revolution,  when 
the  jail  was  located  at  the  southwest  cor- 
ner of  Third  aiul  Market  Streets,  he  was 
in  the  habit  of  causing  wholesome  soup, 
prepared  at  his  own  dwelling,  to  be  con- 
veyetl  to  the  prisoners  ami  tlistributetl 
among  them.  He  was  one  of  the  early 
frienilsaiid  supportersof  the  Philadelphia 
Library  Company. 

His  country-seat  called  Hilspacli,  was 
located  in  Philailelphia,  and  extended 
from  F'ifteenth  to  Broad,  and  Spring  Gar- 
den to  Wallace  Streets. 

He  died  in  Philadelphia,  June  6,  1821, 
aged  sixty-four  years. 

JosKPH  LowNES  was  elected  1804,  re- 
signed 1820,  a  period  of  sixteen  years. 

He  by  forty  years'  diligent  attention  to 
business,  aii<i  good  economy,  actiuired  a 
considerable  property  in  addition  to  his 
patrimonial  estate. 

Mr.  Lownes  liberality  increased  with 
his  means  and  he  became  a  generous  con- 
tributor ill  both  time  and  money,  to  the 
charitabli'  institutions  of  the  city  ;  he  was 
in  the  li.ibil  of  fre<|ueiitly  giving  alms  to 
the  helpless  poor, also  of  l()aiiiiig  moderate 
sums  of  money  to  young  tradesmen,  to 
enable  them  to  commence  business. 

He  died  December  16,  1820,  in  the  six- 
ty-third year  of  his  age. 

Pktkr  Brown,  elected  1805,  continued 
in  office  until  his  decease  in  1810. 

He  was  a  self-made  man,  and  although 
with  some  peculiarities,  attained  some 
distinction  ;  he  was  a  blacksmith,  and 
made  a  fortune. 

He  drove  .ibout  in  an  elegant  carriage, 
on  which  was  a  coat-of-arms,  which  he 
devised  and  adopted,  rejjrcsenting  a 
large  and  small  hammer,  with  the  motto, 
"  By  this  I  got  you." 

An  Knglishman,  who  was  both  a  trav- 
eler an<l  writer,  refers  to  Mr.  Brown,  in  a 
book  he  subsequently  published,  and 
presents  an  illustration  of  Mr.  Brown's 
peculiar  coat-of-arms. 

He  died  December  11,  1810,  in  the 
fiftieth  year  of  his  age. 


A^A 


Zachariah  Poll. son,  c-luclcd  1806, 
resigned  iHoS. 

His  father,  of  the  same  name,  was  born 
in  Co|)enhaxen.  Denmark,  June  16,  1735, 
antl  was  the  only  son  of  Xicliohis  Poulson. 
Tney  both  iminigratefl  to  Pliilailelphia  in 
i;-49.  Nicholas  Poulson  resided  lor  some 
years  before  his  deatli  at  Germantowti, 
now  ])art  of  I'hiladelpliia.  Zachariah, 
the  elder  son,  learned  the  ])rinters'  trade, 
in  the  office  of  Christopher  Sower,  the 
second,  who  made  his  own  types  and 
inks,  and  was  a  learned  and  accomplished 
printer. 

Zachariah  Poulson  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, September  5.  1761  ;  he  became 
eminent  in  his  business,  which  he  learned 
in  the  e.xtensive  printing  office  of  Joseph 
Cruikshank.  then  on  .Market  Street, 
Philadelphia.  For  many  years  he  was 
printer  to  the  Senate  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
he  printed  also,  in  folio,  the  "  Miiuites  of 
the  Convention,  appointed  to  revise  and 
amend  the  Constitution  of  the  State  "  in 
1789.  He  also  printed  and  published 
"  Proud's  History  ot  Penn.sylvania,"  in 
1797-98  :  and  "  Poiilson's  Town  and 
Country  .Almanac,"  which  he  printed 
from  1789-1801.  He  issued  several  edi- 
tions of  "  The  American  Tutor's  .Assist- 
ant." He  printed  the  curious  mystical 
works  of  William  Gerarde  Bram,  in  one 
octavo  volume,  fortheavithor  ;  also  other 
valuable  books  ;  and,  from  time  to  time, 
the  "Journal  of  the  General  Conven- 
tions of  Delegates  from  the  Abolition 
Societies  of  the  United  .States,"  (from 
1794-1801). 

On  October  i,  1800,  he  began  the  pub- 
lication of  the  "  American  Daily  Adver- 
tiser," the  first  daily  journal  in  the  United 
States;  having  purchased  the  "good- 
will," printing  office,  and  otiier  materials 
of  "  Claypoole's  .American  Daily  .Adver- 
tiser," from  David  C.  Claypoole,  for  ten 
thousand  dollars. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  and,  at  his 
decease  was  President,  of  the  Society 
for  .Alleviating  the  Miseries  of  Public 
Prisons.  For  nearly  fifty  years  he  was 
connected  with  the  Library  Company  of 
Philadelphia,  twenty-one  years  as  Libra- 
rian, si.x  years  as  Treasurer,  antl  thirty- 
two  years  as  Director ;  liis  portrait, 
painted  by  Sully,  hangs  in  the  hall  of  the 
Company.  He  was  also  a  Director  of  the 
Philadelphia  Contributionship  for  the  In- 
surance of  Houses  Jrom  Loss  by  Fire, 
for  thirty-four  years,  and  was,  for  many 
years,  senior  member  of  the  Board. 

He  died  July  31,  1S44,  aged  eighty-three 
years. 

Wii.i.iAM  PovNTELi.,  elected  1806, 
continued  in  office  until  his  decease  in 
1811. 


Possessed  of  an  uiit'onmionly  active 
and  intelligent  mind,  he  discharged  with 
inlegrit)'  and  credit  the  varirjus  tluties  of 
life.  His  public  services  were  of  a  use- 
ful and  philanthropic  description.  He 
was  Director  of  several  important  public 
institutions;  and  his  personal  eflbrts, 
alteuticui  and  ccjunsel  wi-re  largely  in- 
strumental in  promoting  tiieir  permanent 
interests  and  e.xtending  their  usefulness. 

He  died  September  10,  1811,  in  the 
fifty-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

Thomas  Stewardson,  Sk.,  elected 
1808,  continued  in  office  until  his  decease 
in  1841.  He  was  elected  the  tenth  Presi- 
dent December  26,  1825,  and  served,  as 
such,  untU  his  death. 

iMr.  Stewardson  was  a  native  of  the 
North  of  England,  but  as  a  resident  of 
Philadelphia  for  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury, he  became  one  of  its  most  honored 
citizens.  He  was  a  consistent  and  faith- 
ful member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  in 
which  he  acceptably  filled  the  station  of 
Elder,  and  to  the  service  of  which  he  had 
devoted  the  greater  part  of  his  long  and 
useful  life. 

He  married  Margaret  B.,  daughter  of 
Reuben  Haines,  of  Germantown,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Respected  for  his  disinterestedness  and 
integrity,  he  filled  his  various  stations  in 
civil  and  religious  societies  with  quiet 
and  patient  diligence,  and  his  peaceful 
age  and  gentle  death  formed  a  beautitul 
close  to  a  well-spent  life. 

He  died  suddenly  at  Newport,  R.  I., 
July  19,  184 1,  aged  eighty  years. 

Thomas  Pvm  Cope,  elected  1809,  re- 
signed 182S  ;  acted  as  the  thirteenth 
Secretary  (1812-1828). 

Thomas  P.  Cope  was  a  native  of  Lan- 
caster County,  Pa.  ;  his  parents  belonged 
to  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  his  ances- 
tors can  be  traced  for  many  generations 
among  the  members  of  this  Society. 
Oliver  Cope,  his  ancestor,  wasoneofthe 
first  purchasers  from  William  Penn.  On 
the  maternal  side,  he  descended  from  the 
Pyms,  who  claim  as  an  ancestor  John 
Pym,  the  celebr.atcd  Parliamentarian. 

Having  completed  his  education,  Mr. 
Cope  was,  in  1786,  sent  to  Philadelphia  to 
obtain  practical  knowledge  of  business. 
In  1790,  he  built  for  his  own  use  a  store 
at  the  corner  of  Second  Street  ami  Jones' 
Alley  (then  known  as  Pewter  Platter 
-Alley).  .At  this  place  he  carried  on  an 
e.xtensive  business,  importing  his  own 
goods.  In  1807,  he  built  his  first  ship 
and  named  it  after  his  native  county 
"  Lancaster." 

During  successive  epidemics,  which 
visited  this  city,  Mr.  Cope  volunteered 
his  services,  and,  in  1793,  was   attacked 


42.S 


with  the  yellow  fever.  Anain,  in  1797, 
the  same  scourge  visito<l  the  city  anil 
Mr.  Cope,  as  one  of  the  (Juarilians  of  the 
Poor  anil  Manager  of  the  Almshouse, 
tlevoteil  mueh  of  liis  time  in  the  allevia- 
tion of  the  suflerinns  of  his  fellow  beings. 
He  with  another  citizen  (Mr.  YonnK,  a 
hookseller,)  accepted  from  the  Mayor  of 
the  city,  Hillary  fiaker,  the  olfire  of 
.Minoners,  to  ailminister  directly  to  the 
wants  of  those  suflerinn  from  destitution 
in  consequence  of  suspension  of  busi- 
ness. Several  thousand  dollars  were 
thus  expended  by  Mr.  Cope  and  his  col- 
league, who  often  jiersonally  carried  the 
food  they  purchased  to  the  houses  of  the 
sufferers.  In  1807,  he  was  again  called 
into  public  life,  being  elected  a  member 
of  the  Legislature. 

Ill  1810,  Mr.  Cope  removed  his  business 
to  Walnut  Street  wharf  where  it  was 
subsecpiently  carried  on  by  his  sons  for 
many  years,  the  firm  being  successively 
Thomas  ]'.  Cope  S;  Son,  Thomas  P.  Cope 
."t  Sons,  Henry  &  Alfred  Cope,  M.  &  A. 
Cope  &  Co.,  and  Cope  Hros. 

In  1821,  he  established  the  first  regular 
line  of  Packet  ships  between  Philadel- 
phia and  Liverpool.  Mr.  Cope  was  con- 
temporary and  often  the  rival  of  Stephen 
("Firard,  with  whom  he  was  on  terms  of 
intimacy  and  friendship,  and  was  selected 
bv  the  latter  as  one  of  the  executors  of 
his  will,  and  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
bank  As  a  member  of  Select  Counril 
of  Pliil.ailelpliia,  Mr.  Cope  for  a  time  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
of  the  Girard  Estate ;  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  by  Select  Council  a 
Director  of  the  C.irard  College  for 
Orphans,  which  he  declined.  He  was 
also  actively  interested  in  completing  the 
Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal,  and 
in  the  construction  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 

He  died  November  22,  1S54. 

JosKPH  Saundkrs  Morkis,  elected 
181 1,  continued  in  office  until  his  de- 
cease in  1817. 

He  was  a  prominent  brewer  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia.  He  received  In  early 
life  a  good  education,  and  possessing  a 
strong,  active,and  well-informed  mind,  he 
governed  all  his  life  by  the  strict  precepts 
and  principles  of  religion  and  morality, 
antl  was  widely  knfiwn  for  his  be^-vo- 
lence. 

He  died  February  16,  1817,  in  the  forty- 
fifth  year  of  his  age 

Joseph  Watson,  elected  181 2,  resigned 
1S24. 

He  filled  several  important  public  of 
fices,  which  gained  him  the  esteem  and 
respect  of  his  fellow-citizens.  He  was 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  from 


1824-27,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  this 
important  office  with  much  credit  .ind 
satisfactiitii,  and  had  many  Irii-nds,  as  la- 
was  possesseil  of  courtly,  amiable,  and 
ple.asing  manners. 

He  died  April  9,  1841,  in  the  fifty- 
seventh  year  of  his  age 

MoKliicc.M  I.nwis,  Jr.,  was  twice 
elected;  in  1814  and  resigned  1H18,  again 
elected  182H  and  resigneil  in  i.H4g.  Dur- 
ing this  period,  he  served  as  the  twelfth 
President  of  the  Hoard  of  Managers,  from 
.■\ugusl  26,  1844-1849. 

He  was  one  of  the  four  sons  of  Morde- 
cai  Lewis,  Sr.  He  entered  into  business 
with  his  brother,  Samuel  N.,  under  the 
firm-name  of  M.  it  S.  N.  Lewis,  as  ship- 
owners and  commission  merchants. 
Their  commercial  relations  became  very 
extensive  and  continued  to  be  so  lor  many 
years.  In  1819,  they  became,  by  pur- 
chase, the  owners  of  a  white  lead  manu- 
factory which  hall  been  established  in 
1813,  iiy  Joseph  Kii  liarilson.  TIkv  in- 
creased the  protluction  i>f  the  works  troin 
one  Imnilreii  tons  in  1819  to  six  hundreil 
in  1S30,  and  one  thousand  in  1840.  They 
also  commenced  in  1817  the  manufacture 
of  acetic  acid,  and  in  1830  they  made  lin- 
seed oil.  In  1849  they  est.iblislied  their 
own  works  at  Richmond,  (now  a  part  ot 
Philadelphia  City),  and  increased  their 
business  by  the  manufacture  of  red  lead, 
litharge,  mineral,  acetate  of  le;id  and 
other  pigments.  They  were  old  fashioned 
merchants,  gentlemen  of  the  purest 
character,  most  admirable  manners  and 
highest  respectability. 

Mr.  Lewis,  though  actively  engaged  in 
business,  was  not  neglectful  of  public  in- 
terests, or  of  the  broader  interests  of 
humanity.  In  1814,  he  was  one  of  the 
founders  and  the  President  of  the  Society, 
for  opening  soup-liimses  for  the  poor, 
which  was  the  pioneer  association  of  its 
kiiul  ill  I'liiladilphia. 

(In  June  o,  1808,  he  married  Klizabeth, 
daughter  of  James  and  Esther  Smith. 

He  died  August  15,  1851,  in  the  sixty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age  ;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Western  District  monthly  meeting 
of  Friends. 

RonKRTS  Vaux,  elected  in  1823  re- 
signed in  1814,  was  the  fourteenth  Sec- 
retary (1828-1834). 

He  was  descended  from  an  ancient 
family  which  emigrated  from  France  to 
Sussex  Co.,  England.  Cleorge  Vaux,  his 
great-grandfather  was  born  near  Ryegate 
in  1671.  He  was  a  physician,  and  a  niein- 
ber  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

Roberts  Vaux  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
January  21,  1786;  his  early  education 
was  obtained  at  Friends'  Academy.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  pl.iced  in  the 


426 


coumiiiglioiise  of  Joliii  Cooke,  nicr- 
cliant ;  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  he 
entered  mercantile  hiisiness. 

He  was  a  member  of  tlie  Society  for 
the  Establishment  and  Support  of  Charity 
Scllools  as  early  as  1S07  ;  and  one  of  the 
originators  of  the  Public  School  System 
of  Peinisvlvania,  being  the  first  President 
of  the  Public  Scliool  Board  of  Philadel- 
|>hia,  a  jjosition  he  held  for  fourteen  years. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  i<Sois  and 
soon  gained  prominence  in  the  legal  i>ro- 
fession.  He  was  also  a  memljer  of  the 
Philadelphia  Society  for  Alleviating  the 
Miseries  of  Public  Prisons :  one  of  the 
foiuidersof  the  Philadelphia  Saving  Fund 
Society  ;  of  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb,  the  Apprentices'  Library 
Company,  the  House  of  Refuge  ;  of  the 
Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the 
Blind,  and  other  benevolent  institutions 
of  Pennsylvania. 

He  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  of 
the  original  Board  for  the  erection  of  the 
State  Penitentiary  for  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania,  and  became  a 
writer  of  distinction  on  penology,  and  an 
active  worker  in  the  prison-reform  move- 
ment. He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  ;  Acade- 
my of  Natural  Sciences :  Linnajan  So- 
ciety; Franklin  Institute;  the  Athenaeum  ; 
also  of  a  number  of  scientific  societies  of 
Europe.  He  was  appointed  by  the 
President,  with  advice  of  the  Senate,  a 
Director  of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States, 
in  1833 ;  also  designated  by  President 
Jackson,  Commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Indians.  He  was  also  oflered  the  mis- 
sion to  St.  Petersburg,  which  he  declined. 

He  published,  in  1809,  his  "  Eulogium 
on  Benjamin  Ridgway  Smith  ;  "  in  1S17, 
"  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Anthony  Bene- 
zel  ;  "  and  in  1S21  a  French  translation 
fParis);  also  in  1S26,  "Notices  of  the 
Original  and  Successive  Efforts  to  Im- 
prove the  Discijjline  of  the  Prison  at 
Philadelphia." 

He  died  at  Philadelphia,  Jamiary  7, 
1836,  aged  forty-nine  years. 

John  Paul,  elected  1825.  continued  in 
office  until  his  decease  in  1844.  He  was 
elected  July  29,  1841,  the  eleventh  Presi- 
dent, and  served  as  such  three  years. 

He  filled  many  important  positions  in 
the  various  departments  of  society,  both 
civil  and  religious  ;  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  ;  he  on 
one  occasion  was  occu]iied  for  nearly 
four  consecutive  years,  in  accompanying 
a  minister,  who  was  engaged  in  a  religious 
visit  to  the  meetings  of  Friends  in  Amer- 
ica. For  many  years,  he  acceptably  filled 
the  w.'ighty  and  responsible  position  of 
Elder  and  Overseer,  and  was  conscien- 
tiously concerned  to  discharge  the  duties 


belonging   to   these  offices   with  fidelity 
and  diligence. 

He  died  July  28,  1844,  in  the  seventy- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

JosKPil  RicH.AKDSON  Jenks,  elected 
1S27,  resigned  1.S2S,  was  born  Sei)tember 
16,  1767.  in  Middletown  Township,  Bucks 
County,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  the  son 
of  Thomas  and  Rebecca  (Richardson) 
Jenks  ;  grandson  (jf  Thomas  and  Mercy 
(Wildman)  Jenks  and  Joseph  and  Mary 
(Pa.vson)  Richardson,  who  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Middletown  Town- 
ship, Bucks  County. 

Tiiomas  Jenks,  his  father,  was  a  farmer 
who  was  the  ])roi)rietor  of  a  fulling  mill 
in  Bucks  County,  which  his  father  had 
run  before  him  ;  the  mill  being  estab- 
lished prior  to  1740.  He  was  a  member 
of  Pennsylvania  Assembly  in  1775;  also 
of  the  Convention  which  framed  the  ("on- 
stitution  of  Pennsylvania  in  1790;  and 
was  a  State  Senator  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  May  30,  1799. 

Mr.  Jenlis's  early  years  were  spent  in 
Bucks  County.  When  a  young  man,  he 
came  to  Philadelphia  and  established 
himself  in  business  on  Delaware  Avenue, 
above  Arch  Street,  as  a  flour  merchant. 
He  was  successful  and  prosperous,  being 
ranked,  in  1S45,  one  of  Philadelphia's 
wealthy  citizens. 

He  was  married  three  times ;  on  Octo- 
ber 10,  1792,  to  Sarah  Watson,  who  died 
December  5,  1800.  His  second  marriage 
was  on  June  6,  1809,  to  Ann  West,  who 
died  January  17,  1842.  The  issue  of  this 
marriage  was  three  daughters,  one  oi 
whom  died  in  infancy.  Of  the  remaining 
two,  Hannah  and  Ann,  the  former  was 
married  to  Stacy  B.  Collins,  of  New  York, 
the  latter  to  Dr.  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride, 
who  was,  from  1840  to  1886,  Su]>erinte!i- 
deiit  and  Physician-in-Chief  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  for  the  Insane.  His 
third  marriage,  on  February  29,  1844,  was 
to  Ann  Ely,  who  died  June  15,  1854. 

He  came  of  a  verv  long-lived  famih', 
his  grandfather,  Thomas  Jenks,  lived  to 
be  nearly  ninety-eight  years  of  age. 

Mr.  Jenks,  in  person,  was  a  rather  spare 
man  of  a  little  above  medium  hei.ght.  ami 
of  a  genial  temperament  ;  anil  throughout 
his  active  life  he  was  a  prominent  and 
intluet^al  citizen. 

He  died  June  26,  1858,  in  the  ninety- 
first  year  of  his  age. 

Joseph  Price,  elected  1828,  resigned 
1845,  a  .son  of  Richard  and  Ann  Burson 
Price,  was  born  .August  21,  176S;  was 
married  to  Ann  Callender.  May  5,  1790. 

He  was  a  merchant,  but  retired  from 
business  earlv  in  his  married  life,  and 
devoted  mucli  of  his  time  to  philanthropic 
work  in  the  prisons.      He  was  a  manager 


427 


of  till'  <ini-  al  Broad  and  Arili  Streets  and 
was  oiii-  ol'tln.'  Building  (.'oniniittecof  tlic 
priscnt  MoyaiiKMisiii);  I'rison. 

He  was  a  l>ircrlor  of  the  l*Iiiladeli>hia 
(.'ontrilxitionship  ( Ilaiidin-Hand)  from 
ihi.s  l(»  1S46. 

He  died  June  30,  1S46,  in  tile  seventy- 
sixth  year  of  his  ajje. 

Lawrence  Lewis,  elected  1834,  died 
in  1855,  was  also  thirteenth  President  in 
1849,  and  served  until  his  decease. 

On  the  lather's  side,  Mr.  Lewis  was  of 
Welsh  descent,  his  ancestors  having  emi- 
grated friim  Wales  in  the  latter  half  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  in  cons-'quence 
of  the  persecution  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  of  which  he  was  a  member. 
His  mother's  family,  the  Lawrences, 
were  Kn.nlish  anti  includetl  many  lu>nor- 
al)le  names,  anions  them.  Captain  James 
Lawrence,  of  the  I'nited  Stales  Navy, 
and  General  Lawrence  Kearney,  of  the 
Army. 

Lawrence  LewMs  was  Ixirn  in  Philadel- 
phia, on  the  17th  ol  July.  1787.  Soon 
after  his  hirth,  the  family  removed  to 
Bnrlin^on,  N.  J.,  in  which  neinhtiorhood 
he  liveti  and  received  his  education. 
Ambitious  of  improvement,  he  came  to 
Philadelphia,  when  about  twenty  years 
of  a^e,  and  entered  the  counting-house 
of  his  brother-in-law. 

On  the  4th  of  April,  1S17,  he  married 
Ann  Maria,  dauj^hter  of  John  Clements 
Stocker,  Ksq.,  of  I'hiladelphia. 

When  the  discovery  of  anthracite  coal 
was  m.ide,  .Mr.  Lewis  was  early  in  the 
field  and  became  a  land-owner  in  Schuyl- 
kill County.  From  that  time  he  con- 
tinued to  be  largely  interested  in  the 
developmeut  of  the  mineral  resources  of 
that  county. 

In  the  municipal,  financial,  charitable, 
and  religious  growth  of  Philadelphia, 
Mr.  Lewis  always  took  a  prominent 
part,  and  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
Select  Council.  In  company  with  Samuel 
V.  Merrick  and  others,  he  succeeded,  in 
the  face  of  great  opposition,  in  introduc- 
ing gas  into  this  city.  .After  serving  as 
Councilman  for  a  number  of  years,  he 
resigned  Mr.  Lew  is  served  as  Director 
of  the  Bank  of  the  United  States  and  Sec- 
retary of  the  Mutual  .\ssurance  Com- 
pany, remaining  with  the  fornn^  com- 
pany until  its  dissolution. 

I-'or  thirt\'-four  years  he  was  a  Manager 
of  the  Philadelphia  Saving  Fund  Society, 
having  been  chosen  five  years  after  the 
Society  was  organized. 

Mr.  Lewis  became  a  Manager  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  the  year  1834, 
and  continued  his  connection  with  the 
Institution  for  twenty-one  years  and 
seven  months,  the  latter  piirlion  of  the 
time  beci>ming  by  s  -niority.  President  of 


the  Board.  To  one  of  his  sympathetit 
nature  the  work  was  congenial  and  he 
entered  upon  it  with  a  zeal  and  enthu- 
siasm, which  ended  only  with  his  life, 
alwa>'S  co-operating  witli  the  medical 
and  surgical  stalf  in  matters  relating  to 
the  efiiciency  of  their  work.  Mr.  Lewis 
early  perceived  the  ilesirabllity  of  se|»ar- 
ating  the  department  for  the  insane  from 
the  general  Hitspital.whii'h  he  warmly  ad- 
vocated, and  was  largely  instrumental  in 
the  purchase  of  the  fine  property  on  which 
that  department  now  stands.  His  inter- 
est in  the  Hospital  is  illustrated  by  the 
fact  that  one  of  the  very  last  acts  of  his 
life  was  to  call  two  of  his  fellow-managers 
to  his  betlside  to  place  a  substantial  con- 
tribution in  their  liands  for  this  eminently 
worthy  object. 

Mr.  Lewis  died  on  the  30th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1S55,  in  the  sLxly-ninth  year  of  his 
age. 

James  R.  CiKEevks  was  elected  twice, 
first,  1836,  resigne<l  in  1838;  again,  1842, 
resigned  1866. 

He  w.as  a  useful  citizen,  and  a  consist- 
ent member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 
His  impaired  health,  however,  made  it 
necessary  for  him  to  withdraw  from  many 
of  the  active  duties  of  life. 

Mr.  Cireeves  was  Chairman  of  the 
Building  Committee  for  the  erection  of  the 
new  Department  for  the  Insane,  a  posi- 
tion he  held  for  four  years,  his  servicis 
being  especially  important  on  account  of 
his  practical  and  mechanical  knowledge, 
sound  judgment,  liberal  views,  aiul  ready 
appreciation  of  the  varied  requirements 
of  the  Institution.  To  his  services  much 
of  the  excellence  and  completeness  of 
the  Hospital  was  due. 

He  died  September  3,  1870,  in  the 
seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

George  Roberts  Smith,  elected  1838. 
resigned  1850,  was  the  seventeenth  Sec- 
retary (1840-1850). 

He  was  born  November  13,  iRii. 
received  the  degree  of  A.  \l.  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
Bar. 

He  made  a  considerate  and  generous 
gift  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the 
Department  of  the  Insane,  of  a  strip  of 
land  seventy  feet  wide  and  exteniling 
the  whole  ea.stern  front  of  the  Hospital 
grounds,  from  Haverford  Road  to  the 
West  Chester  Road,  containing  about 
three  acres.  The  practical  wisdom  of 
having  such  protection  has  been  demon- 
strated bv  the  fact  that  since  his  time,  all 
the  land  beyond,  towards  Philadelphia, 
has  been  laid  out  in  building  lots. 

He  died  May  9,  1868,  aged  fifty-six 
vcars. 


.]2S 


Jacob  G.  Morris,  elected  i«44  and 
served  until  his  death  in  1.S54. 

He  was  born  in  I'liiladelphia,  July  20, 
1800.  He  connnenred  his  commercial 
career  in  the  counting-house  of  Matthew 
L.  Bevan.  He  continued  in  connnercial 
business  till  1N2X,  when  he  retired  IVoni 
active  business  with  an  ample  fortune, 
sufficient  to  gratify  his  reasonable  wants. 

He  married,  in  1822.  Lydia,  daughter  of 
John  R.  Coates.  In  1.S29  liis  health  becom- 
ing impaired,  he  visited  Europe  and 
travelled  extensively  in  Great  liritain  and 
on  the  continent,  accompanied  by  his 
wife  and  only  remaining  child  (two  having 
previously  died).  In  little  over  a  year 
with  health  restored,  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia.  In  1835,  with  his  wife  and 
daughter,  he  again  visited  dilTerent  coun- 
tries of  Europe  an<l  remained  abroad 
until  1838;  on  this  trip  his  wife  died  at 
St.  Germain,  near  Paris,  September,  1837. 
He  passed  considerable  p;irt  of  the  years 
1847-48  in  Europe  with  his  daughter, 
who  in  May  18=0,  was  married  to  a  physi- 
cian of  Virginia,  but  her  health  soon 
failed  and  in  September  of  the  same  year 
she  died. 

Again,  in  1854,  Mr.  Morris  embarked 
for  Europe,  arrived  in  Liverpool  and 
e.xtended  his  journey  to  Norway,  Sweden 
and  Denmark,  afterwards  visited  Paris, 
prepared  for  an  extensive  trij)  through 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  On  reaching 
England,  betook  cold,  this  sickness  com- 
pelled him  to  .give  up  his  jotu'iiey  through 
Ireland,  and  he  became  anxious  to  return 
home,  where  he  might  have  his  own  friends 
and  physician  around  him.  On  September 
2oth,  1854,  he  took  jjassage  (111  the  Arctic, 
which  steamer,  when  seven  days  out, 
while  under  full  lu-adway,  in  a  dense  fog, 
ofithe  l)anksof  Xewfoinidland,  came  into 
collision  with  anothersteamer,  and  in  less 
than  five  hours  went  down  with  nearly 
three  hundred  passeii.gers. 

The  activity,  energy  and  good  judg- 
ment Mr.  Morris,  made  him  a  desirable 
manager  in  the  charitable  institutions 
where  his  benevolent  inclinations  found 
congenial  sco]ie.  He  made  it  a  rule  to 
expend  all  his  income,  and  as  his  own 
tastes  were  simple,  he  was  enabled  to 
devote  a  great  portion  of  it  to  charity. 

His  ancestors  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  although  he  was  not 
himself  a  member  ;  he  was  in  accord  with 
their  fundamental  doctrines  and  prin- 
ciples and  a  constant  attendant  at  their 
religif)ns  worshi]>. 

Mr.  Morris  at  the  time  of  his  death  was 
a  manager  of  the  Penns\'lvania  Institu- 
tion for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind  ; 
vice-president  of  Pennsylvania  Training 
School  for  Idiotic  and  Keeble-Min(le<l 
Children  ;  and  a  member  of  the  Penna. 
Historical    Society ;     Union     Benevolent    I 


Society  :  American  Pliilosophical  Society; 
Academy  of  Fine  .Arts  :  and  various  other 
institutions.  His  services  to  the  Institu- 
tion for  the  Blind,  were  of  a  kind  that 
cannot  be  properly  estimated.  As  he 
always  declined  receiving  any  compensa- 
tion, the  contributors  at  one  <if  their 
amnial  meetings,  directed  the  Board  of 
Managers  "to  prepare  antl  present  to 
him  a  suitable  jiiece  of  plate  on  which 
should  be  engraved  the  thanks  of  the 
association  for  his  valuable  and  gra- 
tuitous services;"  rarely  has  any  one 
received  a  testimonial  that  was  better 
deserved. 

In  his  connection  with  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  the  "  Board  never  had  a 
more  faithful  or  zealous  member,  always 
read\'  to  perform  any  services  that  were 
assigned  to  him."  In  18.SI,  his  gift  of 
eleven  pictures  was  the  nucleus  of  the 
handsome  collection  of  oil  paintings 
which  a<lorn  the  walls  of  the  Hospital  for 
the  Insane. 

As  above  stated  he  was  lost  at  sea  oft 
the  banks  of  Newfoundland,  Seirteniber 
27,  1854,  aged  fifty-four  years. 


MoKDKr.M  Lewis  D.wvson,  elected 
1844,  dieil  1872,  was  the  fourteenth  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  (1856-1872;  ami  held 
the  position  until  the  time  of  his  death. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  .April  3, 
1799;  the  second  son  of  William  Dawson, 
Jr.,  .'uul  Rachel  Lewis  Dawson.  His 
fatluT  died  while  he  was  an  infant,  and 
his  mother  marrying  .again,  much  of  his 
boyhood  was  spent  with  his  grand-p.a- 
reiits.  He  was  for  several  years  at  West- 
town  boarding  school. 

In  1821,  he  succeeded  his  grandfather, 
William  Dawson,  in  the  brewing  busi- 
ness, the  business  being  then  located  at 
the  corner  of  Chestnut  and  Bank  Streets, 
subsequently  removed    to   the   Farmers' 


•429 


brcwi-ry,  al  the  corner  of  Tiiilh  and 
Fillwrt  Stri-i-ls.  Mr.  Dawson  retired 
IViiin  Uusiiiess  in  1849.  It  is  a  fact  worthy 
of  note  ttiat  the  iirewin;;  business  of 
Philaclelpliia.  was,  (Inriii^  the  above 
period,  chieliy  contiiicteti  by  members 
of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

Of  a  most  hnmane  and  charitable 
disposition,  early  in  life  Mr.  Dawson 
became  interested  in  many  of  the  philan. 
thropic  organizations,  devoting  mnch  of 
his  time  to  them  anil  actively  partici- 
pating in  their  management.  He  was 
deeply  interested  in  tlie  cau.se  of  edu- 
cation, and  was  especially  interested  in 
the  Nortluveslern  I'ulilic  School,  of  which 
he  was  a  Director  for  many  years. 

On  June  3,  1S47,  he  was  elected  by 
Common  Councils  of  Philadelphia,  a 
member  of  the  first  Board  of  Directors 
of  Girard  College  when  it  was  organ 
ized  ;  he  served  fourteen  years,  retiring 
April  10,  1.S61,  when  the  direction,  by 
act  of  Legislation,  was  placed  in  the 
control  of  the  Board  of  City  Trusts. 

For  thirty  years,  he  was  a  Director  of 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum;  from  1H38 
to  1854  .1  Manager  of  the  House  of  Ref- 
uge, also  of  the  Magtialen  Asylum,  and 
for  many  successive  winters  he  opened  a 
souphonse  for  the  distribution  of  soup 
and  bre.id  to  the  destitute  poor,  chiefly 
maintaine<l  by  his  private  means,  and 
from  which  was  established,  on  a  more 
e.xteuded  scale,  the  one  now  known  as 
the  Western  Soup  Society. 

On  October  11,  1820,  when  twenty  one 
years  of  age,  he  married  i"!lizabcth, 
daughter  of  James  and  I.etitia  I'oultney. 
Mr.  Dawson  was  not  oidy  conscientiously 
devoted  to  many  large  and  valuable 
public  tru.sls,  but  his  open-handed  pri- 
vate benevolences  were  promptly  be- 
stowed wherever  a  case  of  sutiering  and 
poverty  came  to  his  knowledge.  His 
sympathetic  and  genial  nature  nuide  him 
a  welcome  com])anirin  to  the  young  as 
well  as  those  of  riper  years. 

During  the  late  Civil  War  he  was  con- 
spicuous for  his  loyalty  ;  supporting  the 
Government,  with  an  unquestioned  faith 
in  its  ullini.ate  triumph. 

He  held  the  highest  principles  of  in- 
tegrity and  uprightness,  and  was  a  con- 
sistent and  faithful  member  of  theOrlho- 
cio.v  Society  of  Friends,  evincing  an 
earnest  and  pious  faith,  in  his  conduct 
and  conversation. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1SS4,  when 
the  proposition  to  erect  a  new  Hospital 
to  .separate  the  se.ves  of  the  Department 
for  the  Insane,  and  tf)  do  this  entirely  by 
voluntary  subscriptions,  was  made,  he 
gave  his  hearty  approval  to  the  pl.in, 
and  showed  his  sincerity  by  making  the 
first  .subscription   of  one  thousand   dol- 


lars :  he  sul>se(|Uently  added  liberally  to 
this  first  subscription. 

His  death  ociurred  DecemIxT  8,  1872, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-three  years. 

Ci.KMK.NT  CoK.NKi.i.  BiDm.K,  elected 
1846,  died  1S55. 

He  was  the  son  of  Col.  Clement  C.  Bid- 
die,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  ( )ctolx*r 
24,  1-84;  his  early  education  was  obtained 
at  the  .^cailemy  of  the  Cni versify  of  Penn- 
sylvania, on  Fourth  Street. 

In  February,  1800,  he  obtained  a  mid- 
shipman's warrant,  and  went  to  sea 
under  the  ekier  Connmxlore  Decatur. 
During  a  cruise  in  the  Mediterranean,  he 
was  [jlacecl  in  charge  of  .1  prize,  which  he 
brought  successfully  inloport.  .After  threx; 
ye.-u-s  service,  he  resigned  froni  the  navy, 
and  afterwards  visited  Kugland.  On  his 
return  to  Philadelphia,  he  commenied  the 
study  of  law  under  John  Sargeant  and 
gained  admission  to  the  Bar,  yet  he  never 
engaged  in  legal  practice,  having  a  pre- 
ference for  a  military  life.  On  the  01  ca- 
sion  of  the  "Chesapeake  "  alVair  in 
1807,  he  anticipated  war  with  Kngland, 
and  accepted  a  lonnnission  as  Captain  of 
Dragoons,  from  President  Jefferson,  and 
was  stationed  at  New  Orleans.  When 
Kngland  disavowed  the  attai'k  on  the 
"Chesapeake,"  Captain  Biddle  resigned. 

In  the  war  of  1812,  he  raised  in  Phila- 
delphia, a  company  of  volunteers  called 
the  State  Fencibles,  and  was  elected  its 
captain  in  July,  1812.  He  was  only  re- 
cently married  and  not  weallhy,  yet  he 
gave,  during  the  period  of  the  war,  his 
whole  time  and  .ibililies  to  the  service  of 
his  country.  On  the  organization  of  the 
F"irsl  Regiment  of  \olunteer  Light  Infan- 
try of  the  Pennsylvania  Line,  he  was 
elected  Colonel.  In  the  autumn  of  1814 
the  regiment  was  stationed  at  Camp 
Dupont,  Delaware. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Biddle 
returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  was  ap- 
poined  by  the  Governor  a  notary  public, 
a  position  he  lielil  for  several  years.  He 
edited  the  American  edition  of  the 
"Treatise  on  Political  Kconcmy,"  by 
Jean  Baptiste  Say,  (translated  into  Eng- 
lish by  Prinsep)  and  with  the  addition  of 
notes,  and  a  translation  of  the  introduc- 
tory essay,  (which  had  been  omitted  by 
the  English  editor!,  the  work  was  favor- 
ably received  and  passed  through  several 
editions.  He  was  an  influential  advisor 
of  the  government  in  its  financial  policy 
at  that  time. 

In  September,  1831,  the  Free  Trade 
Convention  assembled  in  Philadelphia, 
and  Mr.  Biddle  took  an  active  part  in  its 
deliberations.  In  1821  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
Philadelphia.  In  1834  he  was  President 
of  the  Phihulelphia  Savings  F'und  Society, 


430 


ail  institution  he  had  been  instrumental 
in  cstaljlishing  and  over  which  he  pre- 
sided until  tile  time  of  his  death.  In  the 
spring  of  iJ^jX,  he  again  visited  Europe, 
this  jouriKv,  lasted  about  six  months. 

On  his  return  to  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Rid- 
dle's e.xcellent  health  continued  unim- 
paired until  May,  1S54,  after  which  he,  for 
many  months,  sufl'ered  from  a  distressing 
malady,  which  prevented  him  from  en- 
gaging actively  in  liis  public  duties,  but 
his  deep  interest  in  every  deijartment  of 
the  Hospital,  and  especially  his  anxiety 
to  advance  the  new  buildings  for  the 
Department  for  the  Insane,  continued 
unabated,  and  he  must  long  be  held  in 
grateful  remembrance  by  all  connected 
with  the  institution. 

He  died  at  Philadelphia,  August  21, 
1855,  in  his  seventy-si.xtli  year. 

John  Farnum,  elected  1846,  died  in 
1872. 

He  was  by  birth,  education,  and  con- 
viction a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends. 

Deeply  interested  in  every  portion  of 
tile  Pennsylvania  i^Iospital,  he  was 
especially  so  in  the  Department  for  the 
Insane,  where  he  was  a  frequent  and 
ever-welcome  visitor. 

He  was  one  among  the  si.x  who  gave  a 
hearty  approval  to  the  plan  to  erect  a 
new  Hospital  for  the  Female  Insane,  and 
showed  his  sincerity  by  at  once  making 
a  first  subscription  of  one  thousand  dol- 
lars in  aid  of  the  object.  He  subsequently 
added  liberally  to  his  first  subscrifjtion  ; 
he  also  offered  to  give  five  thousand, 
whenever  four  otiier  sums  of  a  similar 
sum  were  subscribed,  which  in  due  time 
were  obtained. 

In  his  last  days  and  in  the  testamen- 
tary distribution  of  his  property  he 
showed  a  generous  remembrance  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

He  died  June  11,  1S72,  in  the  eighty- 
second  year  of  his  age. 

William  Biddle,  elected  1849,  died 
in  1887,  was  elected  the  fifteenth  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Managers  in  1872, 
and  held  the  position  until  liis  death.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Board  of  Mana,gers  to  erect  a  new  build- 
ing for  the  Male  Department  for  the 
Insane.  He  also  was  the  nineteenth 
Secretary   of  the   Board  (1855-1861). 

He  was  the  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
Canby  Biddle.  He  was  born  at  Philadel- 
phia, May  17,  1806,  the  fifth  in  descent 
from  William  Biddle,  who  settled  at  Bur- 
lington in  1680,  and  who  was  a  member  of 
the  Governor's  Council,  of  the  Assembly, 
and  of  the  Council  of  Proprietors  o^West 
Jersey  Of  the  latter  body  he  was  for  a 
considerable  time    President.      It  is  from 


him  that  the  large  family  in  this  city 
bearing  his  name  is  descended. 

The  subje<t  of  this  sketch  was  the 
grandson  of  Owen  Biddle,  prominent  in 
Colonial  times,  and  at  one  tinie  a  com- 
missary in  the  army. 

His  education  was  obtained  in  the 
Friends'  School,  and  during  his  wliole 
life  he  took  an  active  interest  in  the  edu- 
cational and  eleemosynary  institutions  of 
this  city.  He  was  a  prominent  niember 
of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

He  was,  in  1834,  elected  a  Director  and 
afterwards  a  Controller  of  the  public 
schools,  in  which  cajiacity  he  served  a 
number  of  years.  In  1840  he  became 
Manager  of  the  Magdalen  Asylum,  and 
in  the  same  year  was  elected  a  Director 
of  Girard  College.  In  the  organization 
of  that  institution  he  took  an  active  part, 
he  was  connected  with  it  fourteen  years. 
He   was  a  member  of  the     "  Society  for 


Alleviating  the  Miseries  of  Public  Pris- 
ons." He  was  chosen  President  of  the 
Mine  Hill  .Sc  Schuylkill  Haven  Railroad 
Company  in  1883. 

On  Tuesday,  June  7,  1887,  he  died  at 
Germantown,  Philadelphia,  aged  eighty 
years. 

The  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  at  a  special  meeting  held 
June  9,  1887,  unanimously  atiopted  the 
following  minute  : 

"Wherkas,  It  having  pleased  Divine 
Providence  to  terminate  the  earthly  life  of 
our  friend  and  colleague,  William  Biddle, 
we  deem  it  proper  tt>  place  on  our  record 
some  fitting  tribute  to  his  memory  and 
of  our  sense  of  the  loss  which  we  antl  the 
institution  c^ver  which  he  so  long  anti 
faithfully  presided,  have  sustained  by  his 
death. 

"  He  was  elected  as  a  Manager  of  this 
Hospital  in  1849,  and  to  the  presidency 
of  the  Board  in  1872,  so  that  for  a  period 


431 


of  thirty-figlU  years  and  mie  mdiitli  Ik- 
lias  bci'ii  otficially  omiicitcd  willi  this 
tiinc' honored  institution. 

"  During  this  lonj;  pericxl.  the  interests, 
enficieniy  and  prosperity  of  tliis  Hospital 
have  ocinpied  a  lar^e  share  of  his  time, 
his  thoughts,  and  his  lalHirs. 

'  Kndowed  hy  nature  with  a  vigorons 
and  active  mind,  and  possessinj;  in  an  emi- 
nent degree  the  characteristics  of  intig- 
rity,  charity,  and  benevolence,  this  Hos- 
pital allorded  him  a  field  for  the  exercise 
of  all  his  g<iod  qualities  Ixith  of  head  anil 
heart,  and  he  devoted  them  in  its  behalf 
so  diligently,  earnestly,  and  etieitively, 
that  his  loss  will  be  deeply  felt  and  de- 
ploreil  by  all  who  have  lieeii  connected 
with  him  in  administering  its  bene- 
ficience  :  but  while  expressing  the  sorrow 
of  t)ur  loss,  the  conviction  that  this  hon- 
ored, useful,  and  well  spent  life  was  a 
blessing  to  the  communilv  in  which  lie 
lived  and  especially  to  the  needy  and 
sutl'ering.  and  graced  as  that  life  was  by 
all  the  evidences  of  profound  faith  in  the 
Divine  Master  whom  he  loved  and  fol 
lowed,  the  assurance  that  in  the  rest  that 
has  come  to  him  his  works  will  follow 
him,  must  bring  comfort  and  conso- 
lation to  his  sorrowing  relatives  and 
friends." 

The  Contributors,  at  their  annual  meet- 
ing, held  May  7,  1888,  adopted  the  fol- 
fowing  : 

"  The  Contributors  desire  to  express  at 
this  time  their  grateful  appreciation  of 
the  services  so  long  and  so  successfully 
rendered  by  William  Biddle  to  this  Hos- 
pital, and  as  individuals  they  will  aflec- 
tionately  cherish  the  memory  of  a  life  of 
fourscore  years  :  which  from  its  early 
manhood  was  devoted  to  those  acts  of 
beneficience  which  promote  the  glory  of 
God  and  the  best  welfare  of  man. 

"  They  cordially  concur  with  the  sen- 
timents expressed  by  the  Board  of  Mana- 
gers at  the  meeting  held  6tli  mo.  9tli, 
1887." 

John  Micki.k  Wiiitall,  elected  1S51, 
resigned  1867. 

His  ancestors  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury emigr.ated  from  Lichfield,  Stafford 
County,  England,  to  this  country,  with 
the  large  body  of  Friends  who  settled  in 
and  around  riiiladelphia ;  his  ]>areiits 
were  John  S.  and  Sarah  Mickle,  who 
married  in  17.^8  and  lived  at  Woodbury, 
New  Jersey.  The  issue  of  this  marriage 
was  ten  children,  of  whom  John  M.  was 
the  seventh,  four  died  in  infancy  or 
childhood. 

John  M.  Whitall  was  born  at  Wood- 
bury, N.  J.,  November  4,  1800.  In  1816 
he  began  seafaring  life  as  an  apprentice 
on  the  ship  "William  Savery,"  in  a 
voyage  to  the  East  Indies.     In   182.^  he 


became  chief  mate  on  the  s'lip  "  .\nier- 
ica,"  and  in  1824  took  conini;ind  as  cap- 
tain of  the  "  New  Jersey,"  a  new  vessel, 
and  at  that  time  the  largest  in  the  port 
of  Philadelphia. 

After  his  eleventh  voyage  he  left  the 
sea  and  engaged  in  1829  in  the  retail 
dry-goods  trade.  About  a  year  after,  he 
associ.ited  with  him  John  C.  Capp,  anil 
entered  the  wholesale  business.  At  the 
end  of  five  years  his  partner  withdrew. 
In  the  crisis  of  iX'ij,  .Mr.  Whitall  deemed 
it  proper  to  reliii<|uish  business,  a  seltle- 
iiieiit  with  Ins  I'reditors  was  made  on  the 
basis  of  seveiitvfive  per  cent,  of  their 
claims,  payable  in  instalments.  In  1850, 
of  his  own  option,  he  voluntarily  paid  in 
full,  principal  and  interest,  the  remaining 
twenty-live  ])er  cent.,  which  aiiiounteil 
to  over  550,000,  for  which  he  was  pre- 
sented by  his  creditors  with  a  costly 
pitcher  and  salver,  suitably  inscribed; 
in  the  paper  he  was  styled  the  "  Honest 
Ouaker  Merchant." 

In  1838,  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  G  M.  Haverstick.  his  brother-in- 
law,  and  William  Scattergood  ;  in  1818 
Mr.  Haverstick  withdrew,  and  in  1845 
.Mr.  Scattergood,  Mr.  Whitall  then  asso- 
ciated with  him  his  brother,  Kranklin  ; 
the  business  so  incre.ised  tlial  in  1847 
ground  on  Race  Street,  above  Fourth, 
l'hila<lel|>hia,  w.is  purchased  for  a  new 
warehouse,  into  which  they  removed  the 
following  year.  His  glassworks  were  at 
Millville,  New  Jersey. 

In  1&62  Mr.  Whitall  became  interested 
in  mission  work  among  the  poor.  A 
mission  school  for  colored  people  was 
started,  called  the"  Little  John  Wesley," 
on  Sliippeii  Street  ;  additional  room  was 
soon  rc<|uired  and  the  school  was  re- 
moved to  the  mission  church  in  St. 
Mary  Street.  A  Mother's  Meeting,  in 
connection  with  the  school,  was  carrieil 
on.  where  the  women  attended  for  three 
hours  anil  made  up  clothing,  which  was 
afterwards  sold  to  them  for  a  small  sum. 
Mr.  Whitall  defrayed  the  whole  expenses 
of  the  school. 

Ill  July,  1867,  after  a  service  of  twenty- 
seven  years  in  the  glass  business,  he 
retired.  This  release  left  him  at  liberty 
to  iiiiir  more  actively  into  different 
l>ublic  works. 

.Mr.  Whitall  held  many  imjiortant  posi- 
tions. He  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Juilges  of  District  Court;  a  Guardian 
of  the  Poor  for  PhiL'idelphia  I'or  three 
years.  This  appointment  was  renewed 
in  1864,  and  in  1867  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board,  August  19,  1867.  He 
was  one  of  the  executors  of  Dr.  David 
Jayne's  estate  in  1866 ;  Overseer  of 
Twelfth    Street   Meeting,    etc. 

On  November  .s,  1830,  in  Friend's 
Meeting  House  at  Woodbury,   N.  J.,  he 


4.32 


married  Mary,  sixtli  (lauj;litir  of  John 
and  Hannali  Tateni. 

He  wrote  several  religious  tracts  among 
which  were  tliose  on  "  The  True  Christian 
Life'  and  "The  Interior  Life  of  Divine 
Union." 

John  M.  Wliitall  was  athnired  for  his 
bold,  firm,  decisive  eharactei'.  He  was 
also  loveil  for  his  warm  sympathetic- 
nature  and,  when  any  were  in  need, 
these  so  beautifully  combined  as  to  make 
him  a  most  valuable  and  coniforting 
friend  and  counsellor. 

On  June  12.  i«77,  he  died  at  "Idle- 
mere,"  liis  sunmier  residence  at  Atlantic 
City,  N.  J.,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

Alexandkk  J.  Dkkiivsiiikk,  elected 
1855,  died  i«7g. 

He  was  born  in  Philadel])hia,  Decem- 
ber 19,  1808.  His  ancestors  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Society  of  Kriends  ;  at  an 
early  age  he  received  instruction  at  the 
Friends'  School  House  on  Fourth  Street, 
Philadelphia,  and  although  not  liimself  a 
member  of  this  reli^ioiis  l)ody,  he  was  a 
regular  attendant  at  its  meetings  and  an 
earnest  and  conscientious  believer  in  its 
doctrines  and  principles,  of  which  he 
gave,  in  commercial  life,  an  honorable 
illustration. 

At  the  a.ge  of  sixteen,  he  was  appren- 
ticed to  Timothy  Paxson  ^i:  Sons.  Com- 
mission Merchants,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained, until  his  majority,  as  clerk  for 
the  house,  which  was  engaged  in  tlie  flour 
business.  He  became  book-keei:)er  for 
the  firm,  and  when  .Mr.  Paxson,  the  head 
of  the  firiii,  retired,  in  1.S36,  Mr.  Derby- 
shire carried  on  the  business  and  asso- 
ciated Mr.  Watson  Jenks  with  him.  The 
l)artnership  continued  for  over  ten  years, 
and  was  dissolved  January,  1S46,  when 
Mr.  Derbyshire  carried  on  the  lousiness 
himself  and  by  unremitting  exertions  he 
laid  the  foundation  for  his  future  success 
as  a  prominent  merchant  and  financier. 
He  established  the  firm  of  A.}.  Derby- 
shire &  Co.,  January  i,  1850.  associating 
with  him  his  cousin.  John  Derbyshire, 
and  erected  two  spacious  storehouses 
on  North  Delaware  Aveime,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Mr.  Derbyshire,  about  this  time,  gave 
his  attention  to  mining  and  railroad  m;it- 
ters,  and  became  identified  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  and 
was  one  of  its  Directors  at  the  time 
Mr.  Samuel  \V.  Merrick  was  President, 
when  the  terminus  of  the  road  was  at 
Harrisburg.  Before  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  was  fairly  organized,  Mr.  l)er- 
byshire  seeing  its  great  a<lvantages.  used 
all  his  inlluence  in  the  Iii>ard  of  Trade 
to  facilitate  the  constructi<)n  of  the 
road.  He  was  repeatedly  elected  a 
Director  of  tlie  Company,  antl  remained 


such  until  about  two  years  before  his 
death,  when  he  retired  after  receiving  a 
complimentary  vote  for  Director. 

Mr.  Derbyshire  was  never  married,  but 
always  liad  around  him  many  in  whose 
welfare  he  felt  an  interest, or  with  whf»ni 
he  was  comiected  by  ties  of  consanguin- 
it\'  and  whom  he  felt  a  real  pleasure  in 
welcoming  to  his  hospitable  home. 

He  was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Philadel- 
phia, wi<lel>'  known  in  the  communit)"  in 
which  he  lived  as  a  business-man  of  great 
sagacity  and  success,  but  most  particu- 
larly from  the  active,  earnest  interest  he 
took  in  all  religious  and  charitabU-  move- 
ments, having  for  their  object  the  amelio- 
ration of  the  condition  of  the  poor  and 
distressed. 

His  connection  with  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  commenced  in  the  year  1855, 
when,  tin'ough  his  influence,  the  funds  of 
the  Humane  Society  of  Philadelphia,  of 
which  he  was  Secretary,  were  transferred 
to  the  Hospital,  in  trust  for  the  benefit 
of  those  who  might  come  vmder  its 
care. 

He  manifested  an  unwavering  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  the  diflVrent  depart- 
ments of  the  Institution,  and  never  tired 
in  advancing  its  prosperity  and  promot- 
ing its  usefulness. 

In  1853,  the  Department  for  the  In- 
sane being  crowded,  the  proposition 
was  first  made  to  erect  another  building 
for  males,  in  order  to  effect  the  sepa- 
ration of  the  sexes.  At  this  meeting, 
with  unanimous  approval  of  the  Board 
of  Managers,  Mr.  Derbyshire  was  made 
a  meniber  of  the  collecting  committee 
and  subsequently  of  the  building  com- 
mittee and,  in  addition  to  the  duties 
of  this  great  work,  he  constantly  took 
opportunities  to  make  valuable  jiresents 
to  the  Insane  and  other  Departments  of 
the  Institution. 

He  accunml.ated  a  large  fortune,  and 
always  expressed  great  .solicitude  that  it 
should  be  so  applied  that  it  should  be 
made  to  produce  the  best  results  and  to 
do  the  greatest  amount  of  good  to  his 
fellow-beings.  After  settling  annuities 
on  several  of  his  relatiotis  and  friends,  he 
bequeathed  the  residue  of  his  large  estate 
to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  after  the 
death  of  the  last  of  these  annuitants,  with- 
"out  any  restriction  as  to  the  mannc-r  in 
which  it  shoidd  be  used. 

His  name  will  be  rememberetl  with 
gratel'ul  feelings  by  the  sick  and  the 
unfortunate,  whose  necessities  he  so 
liberally  ministered  unto. 

He  was  a  Director  and  President  of 
the  Mine-Hill  and  Schuylkill  Haven 
Railroad.  He  was  a  meniber  of  Select 
Councils  of  Philadelphia  and  lie  was  also 
Secretary  of  the  Humane  Society  of  Phila- 


-4.?,'i 


clelpliin  iiiilil  it  dissolvid  and  traiisfcrrrcl 
its  asstts  to  the  I'lniisylvaiiia  Hospital. 
He  died  Marcli  29,  i»79,  in  the  seventy- 
first  year  of  his  atce. 

S.  MoKKIS  Wai.n,  elected  1S55,  served 
until  his  decease  in  if<7o. 

His  connection  with  the  Hospital  was 
at  that  most  important  i>eriod,  when 
it  was  deemed  ailvisalile  to  erect  special 
Iniildin^^s  lor  the  male  insane.  He  not 
only  guvi;  liberally  himself,  but  he  ob- 
tained liberal  subscriptions  from  many 
wlio  had  both  means  and  inclination  to  aid 
jjood  works.  He  lived  to  seethe  Hospital 
with  all  its  varied  arranuenienls  and  ap 
pliances  completed  and  in  successful  oper- 
ation ;  but  the  completion  of  this  work  did 
not  in  the  slightest  de^jree  lessen  his 
interest  in  any  of  the  other  liepartnients 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

He  wisely  determined,  ii\  the  disposition 
of  his  estate,  to  become  his  own  e.xeciitor, 
by  giving  durini;  his  lifetime  so  as  to  wit- 
ness the  Iienefils  he  was  bestowinj;.  .At 
the  period  of  conunencement  of  the  civil 
war,  when  the  income  of  the  Insane 
Department  had  diminished  in  as  great 
ratio  as  its  e.vpenses  had  increased, 
Mr.  Wain  j;ave,  for  immediate  use,  ten 
thousand  dollars  which  he  had  designed 
for  the  department  for  the  insane  "lor 
the  i)Uri>oseof  eiidowinji  two  additional 
free  beds,  and  at  the  same  time,  to  be 
expended  entirely  in  supplying  certain 
very  desirable  improvements  and  fur 
niture  much  needed,  to  be  <lesi>inated  by 
the  Physician  in-Chief  and  to  be  a|>pro. 
ved  by  the  Hoard  of  Managers." 

Mr.  Wain  wasa  meinberof  the  Society 
of  Friends,  and  a  regular  attendant  of 
their  meetings,  and  a  thorough  believer 
both  in  their  doctrines  and  in  their  prac 
tical  application  to  all  the  social  relations 
of  life      He  w.as  never  married. 

He  died,  December  22,  i,*<7o,  aged  sixty- 
three  j-ears. 

W'iSTAR  MoKRrs,  elected  1857,  con- 
tinued in  office  until  his  decease  in  1891. 
From  1.SS7  to  1S91  he  serveti  as  the  si.\- 
teenth  President  of  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers, and  had  previously  acted  as  Secre- 
tary from  1S61  to  1S71. 

In  1837.  Mr.  Morris  entered  the  firm  of 
Morris.  Tasker  S:  Co.,  and  until  a  few- 
years  before  his  death  he  continued  af 
its  head.  In  1855  he  w.as  elected  one  of  the 
Directors  of  the  Pemisylvania  Railroad 
Company,  he  subseipiently  became  a 
Director  of  all  of  its  lea.sed  lines.  For 
some  years  he  was  the  oldest  Director 
of  the  Company.  He  was  a  prominent 
Friend,  but  was  very  liberal  in  his  views. 
In  May.  18S8,  Mr.  AJorris  entertained  at 
his  house  the  Presbyterians  both  of  the 
Northern  and  Southern  Churches,  at  their 


t"enlennial  Celebration,  when  President 
Cleveland  and  wife  were  also  iireseiit. 
He  gave  liberally  to  charity. 

He  (lie<l  on  Monday,  March  23,  i8gi, 
at  (Ireen  Hill  Farm,  Overbrook,  near 
Philadelphia,  in  the  seventy-si.xth  year  of 
his  age. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Managers,  held  March  25th,  the  followinR 
was  unanimously  ordered  to  be  entered 
on  the  minutes  : 

"  With  great  sorrow  we  record  the 
death  of  our  late  President,  Wislar 
Morris,  who  for  thirty-four  >'ears  was  a 
Manager  of  this  Hospital  and  for  the  last 
four  years  ol  this  long  term,  was  Presi- 
dent of  this  Board. 

"  Kndowed  with  great  natural  gifts, 
possessing  pre-emint  iitly  sound  jutig- 
n)ent,  he  acquired  great  experience  in 
business    aDairs,     aiul    having    a     heart 


full  of  l>enev(»Ience  and  synipatli\'  f<^)r  the 
sick  and  alHicted.  all  these  altribules. 
found  an  appropriate  field  for  their  exer- 
cise in  the  a<lininistrati<)n  of  the  aHairs. 
of  this  Institution,  in  the  promotion  of 
the  interests  and  usefulness  of  which, 
he  took  a  prominent  part  from  the  day  of 
his  official  connection  with  it,  until  the 
close  of  his   life. 

"  The  latest  of  his  connnunications  to 
friends,  outside  of  his  family  circle,  made 
after  his  last  illness  had  seized  upon  him, 
w,as  in  reference  to  this  Hospital,  and 
expressed  his  slning  desire  that  the  con- 
templated enlargement  of  its  acconimo- 
dations  shall  go  forward  without  delay." 

The  great  interest  which  .Mr.  .Morris  had 
taken  in  the  Hospital  during  his  life, 
inspired  his  family  after  his  death  to 
offer  to  defray  the  entire  expense  of 
building  a  new  surgical  pavilion,  to  be 
known    as   the  Wistar  Morris   Memorial 


454 


Ward.  Tile  amount  required  was 
$150,000.  and  tlie  buiidinK  ^vas  erected 
on  the  grounds  at  P^ighlh  and  on  Spruce 
Streets,  as  already  described  and  illus- 
trated (see  page  no). 

Caleb  Cope,  elected  1861,  resigned 
186S,  was  born  at  Greensburg,  the  county- 
seat  of  Westmoreland  County,  Pa..  July 
iS,  1797.  He  was  descended  from  an  old 
and  distinguished  family.  Oliver  Cope, 
his  father,  came  to  this  country  with 
the  earliest  Colonists  and  settled  at 
Greensburg,  becoming  prominent  in 
Revolutionary  times.  His  father  having 
died  during  his  infancy,  Caleb,  at  the  age 
of  eighteen,  on  June  11,  1815,  left  his 
home,  by  stage,  for  Philadelphia,  where 
he  entered  the  counting-house  of  his 
uncles,  Thomas  P.,  Israel,  and  Jasper 
Cope,  who  were  engaged  in  a  general  mer- 
chandise business  and  did  an  e.xtensive 
Soutliern  and  Western  trade.  After  four 
years,  he  was  admitted  into  the  firm,  and 
finally  succeeded  Ui  the  entire  business. 
Mr.  Cope,  referring  to  this,  said  :  "  From 
a  fatherless  boy  in  my  uncles'  establish- 
ment in  1815,  I  rose  to  be  senior  partner 
in  one  of  the  largest  mercantile  houses, 
if  not  the  very  largest,  in  the  United 
States." 

His  strict  attention  to  business  was 
rewarded  with  increased  prosperity  and 
success,  and  the  business  of  the  firm 
changed  from  a  supply  of  general  mer- 
chandise to  a  growing  and  remunerative 
East  India  and  Liverpool  trade  in  silks, 
fine  goods,  etc.  On  the  death  of  his 
uncles,  the  firm  became  Caleb  Cope  & 
Co. 

He  later  associated  with  him  as  ]iart- 
ners,  Henry  C.  Howell  and  Buck  John- 
son, and  opened  one  of  the  largest  dry- 
goods  houses  in  the  country.  In  the  panic 
of  1857  this  house  went  down,  the  ac- 
countants reporting  that  dishonest  part- 
ners had  caused  the  failure  by  defraud- 
ing Mr.  Cope  of  upwards  of  S200  000, 
Having  been  granted  an  e.\tension  by  his 
creditors,  a  few  years  afterwards  he 
paid  off  the  entire  amount  of  the  firm's 
indebtedness,  principal  and  interest,  and 
subsequently  retired  from  commercial 
life  with  a  handsome  competence. 

He  was  married  to  his  cousin,  Abbie 
Ann  Cope,  in  1838,  and  went  to  house- 
keeping at  the  corner  of  Quince  and 
W'alnut  Streets,  where  he  became  noted 
for  his  generous  hospitality,  including 
among  his  guests  all  the  prominent  visi- 
tors of  the  city.  After  the  death  of  his 
wife,  in  1845,  he  i)urchased  "Spring- 
brook,"  on  the  Delaware  River  near 
Holmesburg.  He  distinguished  himself 
here  by  the  introduction  into  this  country 
of  the  beautiful  water  lily,  the  Victoria 
Regia,  the  gift  of  his  friend.  Sir  William 


J.  Hooker,  of  London.  He  afterward  sold 
Springbrook  to  George  H.  Stuart,  Esq., 
o(  Philadeli)hia,  who  again  s<jld  it  to 
Edwin  Forrest,  the  tragedian,  and  it  has 
since  beccjme  the  "  Forrest  Home." 

In  1864  he  was  married  a  second  time, 
to  Miss  Josephine  Porter,  of  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  a  student  in  the  Academy  of 
Fine  .'\rts,  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Cope  was  connected  with  many 
important  associations  :  he  was  the  last 
surviving  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Fire  Company  ;  he  was  a  Director  of  the 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  and  for  twelve 
years  its  President;  Historical  Societies 
of  Massachusetts  and  Tennessee  ;  Phila- 
delphia Board  of  Trade :  Mercantile 
Library  :  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of 
the  Blind  ;  .Magdalen  Society  ;  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences ;  and  for  twelve 
years  Manager  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania ;  and  of  many  other 
associations.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
trustees  of  the  Lehigh  Navigation  Com- 
pany, and  a  member  of  St.  Luke's  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church.  He  was  Manager 
of  the  Philadeli:)hia  Saving  Fund,  Febru- 
ary 14.  1841.  and  the  President  of  same 
from  January  4,  1S64-S8.  He  was.  in 
1839,  elected  a  Director  of  the  I'nited 
States  Bank,  but  witlulrew  previous  to 
the  failure  of  that  institution.  In  1S57  he 
wrote  a  private  history  of  the  bank.  He 
was  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  Sani- 
tary Commission  and  one  of  its  most 
active  workers  :  at  the  close  of  the  Sani- 
tary Fair,  he  drew  his  check  for  the 
l)roceeds  in  favor  of  General  Strong, 
amounting  to  over  §1,035.000. 

He  died  May  12,  1888,  aged  over  ninety 
years. 

Adolph  E.  Borie,  elected  1864,  re- 
signed 1868,  was  a  representative  mer- 
chant of  Philadelphia. 

He  was  a  descendant  on  his  mother's 
side  of  a  familj-  of  refugees  from  San 
Domingo,  a  large  number  of  whom  stltled 
in  Philadelphia.  He  was  born  in  this 
city,  November  25.  1809,  educated  at  the 
Universit}-,  in  class  of  1825,  was  sent  to 
France  to  continue  his  studies,  and  re- 
turned home  in  1828.  He  was  intended 
by  his  father  for  the  legal  profession,  but 
owing  to  his  ill  health  this  was  relin- 
quished, and  he  entered  the  counting- 
house  of  his  father,  John  Joseph  Borie  ; 
he  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  McKean.  Borie  tt  Co.  and  acquired 
a  large  fortune  in  the  East  India  trade. 

In  1848,  he  was  elected  President  of  the 
Bank  of  Commerce,  which  position  he 
heldimtil  i860:  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Union  Club,  which  in  1862,  became 
the  L'nion  League,  of  which  he  was  the 
first  vice-president.  He  gave  large  sums 
towards    the    enlistment     and    care    of 


435 


soldiers  duriiiK  the  civil  war,  Imt  took  no 
active  part  in  political  life. 

(In  March  5,  iSAq.  he  became  Secretary 
of  the  Navv  uniler  President  CIrant, 
which  position  he  resinne<l  June  25,  i.'<69, 
to  attend  to  private  Inisiness,  nuich 
against  the  wishes  of  the  President,  lie 
acconii>anied  (leneral  Grant  durinn  a 
part  of  his  tour  around  the  world,  1.S77-.S. 

He  died  February  5,  1880,  aged  sev- 
enty years. 

J.vcoii  I'.  Junks  was  elected  a  Manager 
in  1866,  and  served  until  his  decease,  in 
1885. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  on  Second 
Street,  near  Arch  where  his  parents 
were  then  temporarily  residing,  May  9, 
1806.  Much  of  his  boyhood,  as  well  as 
of  his  later  years,  was  passed  in  the 
conntrv,  either  at  his  lilockley  home  or 
at  thai  upon  the  Wissahickon.  Hisearly 
education  was  at  the  Kriends'  School, 
but,  a  few  years  before  reacliiiin  man- 
hood, he  became  a  pupil  of  the  late  John 
r.ummere,  whose  school  at  linrlinKtou 
had  then  attained  ureal  prominence. 
Jacob  1'.  Jones  was  greatly  attached  to 
his  old  preceptor,  and  always  spoke  of 
him  with  respect. 

Machinerv  and  its  workings,  from  his 
bovhood,  had  a  great  charm  for  him.  and 
soon  after  leaving  school,  he  visited  the 
principal  woollen  manufactories  of  New 
Kngland,  in, one  of  which  he  became  an 
apprentice  and  was  for  a  short  time  en- 
gaged in  business  lliere  on  liis  own  ac- 
count. All  plans  of  this  kind  were  set 
aside  by  (he  failing  health,  and  later  by 
the  death,  of  his  maternal  uncle.  Sanmel 
Paul,  who  beipieathed  to  him  his  i>rop- 
erty  on  the  Wissahickon.  For  years  the 
Paul  familv  had  been  owners  of  lan<l  in 
Plymouth'township  and  its  vicinity,  and 
had  been  profitably  interested  in  the 
milling  business  on  the  Wissahickon. 
The  ojiportunity  of  at  once  engaging  in 
a  self-supporting  business  was  too  templ- 
ing  to  be  resisted,  and  the  young  nephew 
at  once  took  up  the  business  which  his 
uncle  had  hitherto  so  successfully  carried 
on. 

In  the  year  1836  was  formed  the  firm 
of  Morris  .S;  Jonls,  which  afterwards  be- 
came Morris,  Wheeler  iS:  Co.,  buyers, 
sellers,  and  importers  of  iron  and  steel. 
This  association  continued  unchanged 
for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century— in  the 
words  of  the  surviving  partner,  their 
relations  in  business  to  each  other  were 
"  perfect,"  while  the  close  association 
served  but  to  strengthen  the  friendship  of 
theirearlier  vears.  Their  place  of  busi- 
ness was  Market  and  Schuylkill  Seventh 
Streets  (the  latter  now  called  Sixteenth), 
then  a  remote,  unpaved  part  of  the 
town. 


Success  in  this  and  other  departments 
of  their  business  brought  its  ample  re- 
muneralion,  ami,  in  the  year  iSiio,  Jacob 
P.  Jones  retired  from  active  i>arliiilialion 
in  a  Inisiness  to  which  for  nearly  tweiily- 
five  years  he  hail  devoted  himself  with 
indii'slrv  and  zeal.  This  retiring  from 
business,  however,  did  not  mean  a  life 
of  idleness  ;  on  the  contrary,  it  was  used 
as  atlording  the  opporluniiv  for  larger 
engagements  in  public  and  benevolent 
work. 

For  nearly  forty  years  Jacob  P.  Jones 
was  a  Director  in  the  Hank  ol  North 
.Xmerica  ;  for  mure  than  Iw  eiity  five  years 
in  the  Hoard  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Companv  for  Insurances  on  Lives 
aiul  (".ranting  .\nnuities  ;  for  many  years 
he  was  also  a  Managersof  the  Delaware  In- 
suraiiie  Companv  and  the  Western  Saving 
Fund,  besides  being  actively  interested  in 
numerous  iron,  railway,  coal,  gas  and 
other  companies ;  and  was  also  con- 
nected with  the  llaverford  College. 

For  main-  vears  he  was  a  Manager  of 
Preston  Retreat,  a  lying  in  charity 
founded  bv  the  will  of  the  late  Dr. 
Preston,  an' uncle  of  his  wife.  Mr.  Jacob 
P.  Jones,  also,  for  nineteen  years  and 
eleven  months, rendered  faithful  service  as 
a  Manager  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

He  married,  Julv  i,S.  1840,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Richard  and  Sarah  Thomas, 
of  Chester  Valley,  Pa. 

Jacob  P.  Jones  died  May  20,  1885,  in 
his  eightieth  vear. 

A  portrait  of  him,  a  gift  fnmi  his 
widow,  Marv  T.  Jones,  has  been  placed 
in  the  Hall'  of  the  Pine  Street  Hospi- 
tal. 

JosiCPlI  C.  TiknI'I;nnv,  elected  1870, 
died  1892. 

His  paternal  grandparents  were  John 
and  Margaret  Turnpenny,  of  Hrislol, 
Knglaiid,  and  his  maternal'  grandparents, 
Joseph  and  Sarah  Claiborn,  of  Shetlield, 
Kiigland.  His  father's  name  was  John, 
his  mother's  Tabitha,  both  members  of 
the  Societv  of  Friends.  He  was  the 
youngest  of  four  children  :  but  two  of 
whom  lived  to  c.ime  to  ..\merica— himself 
and  his  brother  Frederiik,  who  studied 
medicine  and  graduated  at  the  fniversity 
of  Pennsvlvania.  .After  practising  for  a 
few  year's.  Dr.  Frederick  Turnpenny 
died  in  1S40. 

Joseph  C.  Turni)ennv  was  born  in 
Sheffield,  England,  on  the  28th  of  Sep- 
tember. 1812.  He  came  to  this  country 
with  his  parents  in  1817.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Friends'  School  on  Pine  Street 
near  Sec<jnd. 

He  entered  the  drug  business  and  was 
apprenticed  in  1828  to  Henry  M.  Zolli- 
kofer.  He  graduated  from  College  ol 
Pharmacy  in  1.H34,  and  went  into  business 


436 


fur  himself  in  1S34,  and  retired  from  busi- 
ness in  1^69. 

On  November  9,  1853,  he  married 
Elizabeth  Richardson,  daughter  of  John 
and  Margaret  Richardson  of  Rockwell, 
near  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

During  many  years  lie  was  an  active 
manager  of  many  benevolent  institu- 
tions. He  was  for  about  forty  years 
Manager  of  Beck's  School,  Catharine 
Street ;  for  many  years  Manager  of  the 
Grandom  Institute;  Preston  Retreat; 
Howard  Hospital  ;  Wills'  Hospital  ;  for 
twenty-five  years  Treasurer  of  the 
OrthoiKedic  Hospital  ;  and  for  more 
than  twenty  years  Manager  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital. 

He  died  July  15,  1892,  in  Philadelphia, 
aged  seventy-nine  years. 

John  J.  Thompson,  elected  1872,  and 
continued  in  office  until  his  decease  in 

1875- 

Although  a  Manager  of  the  Hospital 
but  a  short  time,  his  deep  interest,  gen- 
uine sympathy  for  the  afflicted,  his  kind 
words  and  liberal  acts,  joined  to  a  very 
genial  manner,  made  him  most  highly 
esteemed,  and  his  loss  sincerely  deplored 
by  ever  one  who  had  the  privilege  of 
knowin,g  him. 

Mr.  Tli<:)mpson  was  the  senior  partner 
of  the  firm  of  I.  P.  Morris  &  Co.,  of  Port 
Richmond  Iron  Works,  Philadelphia. 
While  taking  an  active  interest  in  numer- 
ous benevolent  enterprises,  he  was  the 
head  of  one  of  the  largest  manufacturing 
establishments  in  the  city,  employing 
hundreds  of  workmen  and  turning  out 
some  of  tlie  fintst  and  heaviest  machinerv 


in  the  country.  His  establishments  con- 
structed the  large  engines  for  the  United 
States  Mint  :  the  engine  for  the  Lake 
Erie  steamer  "Mississippi,"  two  Cornish 
pumping  engines  at  the  Schuylkill  Water 
VVorks  ;  several  iron  lighthouses  for  the 
I'nited  States  government,  and  the  en- 
gines for  several  of  the  monitors  and 
iron-clads,  beside  many  other  works  of 
equal  importance. 

In  1872  Mr.  Thompson  was  elected  a 
Man.ager  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of 
Mr.  John  Farnum  ;  he  always  took  a 
deep  interest  in  the  success  and  useful- 
ness of  the  Institution. 

He  died  May  25,  1S75,  in  the  fifty-ninth 
year  of  his  age. 

John  T  Lewis,  elected  18S1,  resigned 
1888,  on  account  of  impaired  health. 

He  had  previously  served  as  the 
twelfth  Treasurer,  being  elected  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1S41,  resigned  in  1881,  when  he 
became  Manager,  making  a  Hospital  ser- 
vice of  forty-seven  years  and  one  month, 
of  which  forty  years  and  four  months  he 
served  as  Treasurer  of  the  Hospital. 
Of  him  an  appreciative  notice  was  given 
by  Dr.  John  F.  Meigs,  in  his  anniversary 
address  (see  page  404). 

The  services  of  Mr.  Lewis's  family  in 
the  treasuryship  of  the  Hospital  com- 
menced in  1-80,  constituting  a  period 
of  over  one  hundred  successive  years  of 
.gratuitous  services ;  a  nephew  of  John 
T.  Lewis  perpetuates  the  family  name 
in  the  Board  of  Managers. 

He  died  March  24.  1891,  aged  eighty 
years. 


437 


,.^- 


\l^;.5i/  ty! 


THE  MEDICAL  STAFF  AND  MEDICAL  TEACHING. 
The  Medical  Staff  of  a  hospital  consists  of  its  corps  of  physicians. 

Compositiuii    ,      .  .         ,  .  .  ,       ,  ...  ,  .    ,     ,       . 

,,l  .   In  Its  restricted  sense,  it  conijinses  only  the  principals,  or  chief  physi- 

Medic.-il  cians  and  surgeons,   who  are    personally  charged   with   the  duty  of 

StaiT.   treating,  or  directing  the  treatment  of,  the  i)atients  within  its  walls.    In 

a  wider  sense,  it  may  be  regarded  as  including  every  medical  officer 

holding   an    active,    professional    position,   in  connection  therewith; 

including   both  attending  and  resident  physicians,   as  well   as   the 

consultants,    specialists,    and   dispensary   assistants.       In    this    broad 

acceptation,  the  Staff  is  one  arm  of  the  hospital  service;    the  other 

consisting   of  the  Board  of  Managers,  the    Executive    Department, 

which  is  charged  with  the  general  administration  and  economy  of  the 

household  and  the  responsibility  of  directing  its  business  interests. 

The  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania   Hospital   are   members   of 

the  Corporation,  who  are  elected  by  the  Contributors  at  the  annual 

meeting;    the    Medical    Staff,    are    ap])ointed    annually    from    the 

Contributors,  by  the  Board  of  Managers.      Inasmuch  as  the  Board 

cannot  well  make  appointment  for  a  longer  time  than  it  has  itself  to 

serve,  it  follows  that  the  physicians  to   the  Hospital  must  be  chosen 

each   year  by  the   newly  elected  Board.      It  speaks  volumes  for  the 

wise  and  conservative  management  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hosijital,  that 

by  long  custom  the  rule  has  been   established  of  re-appointing  the 

former  Medical  Staff,  each  year.     In  case  a  vacancy  should  be  created 

438 


by  death,  or  resignation,  of  a  member  of  the  Staff  during  the  year, 

an  election  for  his  successor  is  held  as  soon  as  practicable.      In  conse- 

<iuence  of  the  mutual  respect  and  esteem  which  has  always  existed 

between  the  professional  and  administrative  authorities,  the  history  of 

this  Hospital  is  singularly  free  from  misunderstandings  and  ill-feeling. 

The    high   regard,  which    the  first    Board    of  Managers    entertained   The  Board 

towards  the  Medical  Staff,  appears  to  have  been  handed  down,  from   of  Managers 

board  to  board  and  from  father  to  son,  until  it  has  become  a  fi.\ed   ='""^'11'= 

,  ,      .        .       .  ,  ,  ,  ,     .  .  ,  Medical  Staff. 

tradition  in  this  venerable  institution,  where  the  old-time  considera- 
tion and  courtesy  still  mark  the  intercourse  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
with  the  members  of  the  Medical  Staff,  as  indeed,  with  all  who  are 
connected  with  the  Hospital. 

As  the  Resident  Physicians  are  to  be  considered  later,  with  the 
apprentices  and  students,  the  Medical  Staff  proper  will  now  engage 
attention. 

Before  taking  up  the  individual  biographies  of  the  physicians, 
who  have  served  upon  the  Medical  Staff,  however,  a  brief  reference  of 
a  general  character  may  be  made  to  the  standing  in  the  community 
of  the  physicians  who  first  actively  moved  in  the  establishment  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  who  afterwards  rendered  distinguished 
services  to  the  Institution.  When  Benjamin  Franklin  presented  a 
petition  signed  by  thirty-three  citizens,  asking  for  an  appropriation 
of  funds  by  the  Provincial  Assembly  to  establish  the  Hospital,  he 
was  fully  prepared  to  meet  an  objection  that  he  knew  would  be  raised, 
"  That  they  could  not  afford  to  pay  the  physicians  for  their  attendance 
upon  the  sick,"  and  he  carried  his  point  by  announcing  that  the 
physicians  had  magnanimously  offered  "  to  attend  the  patients  for 
nothing  and  to  supply  all  the  medicines,  for  three  years,  at  their  own 
expense."  Although  the  generous  offer  to  supply  medicines  gratis 
was  accepted  at  first,  the  Managers,  becoming  soon  afterwards 
impressed  with  its  injustice,  ordered  a  supply  of  drugs  from  London, 
but  the  physicians  continued  to  give  their  personal  attendance  without 
charge.  The  unselfish  example  of  the  first  Medical  Staff  has  been 
generally  followed,  not  only  by  their  successors  in  this  hospital,  but 
also  by  the  physicians  engaged  in  serving  other  public  hospitals, 
subsequently  established,  in  the  large  cities  of  this  country. 

The  fact  that  Franklin  could  promise  that  the  phjsicians  would 
make  personal  sacrifices  in  order  to  establish  a  hospital  in  the  City  of 
Brotherly  Love,  warrants  the  supposition  that  the  physicians  had  been 
selected  in  advance.  This  was  doubtless  the  case  with  the  individual 
members  of  the  first  Medical  Staff.  Doctor  Thomas  Bond,  who  was 
the  original  proposer  of  the  hospital,  and  whose  friends  were  largely 

439 


enrolled  u|iiin  the  list  of  contributors,  would  naturally   he  one  of  the 

Tlif  onVr  of  attending  physicians,  and  also  his  brother.   Dr.  I'hineas  liond,  who 

I'livsiciaiis  to   ^y^  closely  associated  with  him.     The  most  eminent  ])hysicians  of  the 

serve  w ithuut   ^.      ^^  ^j^^  ^j^^   Thomas  Graeme,  Thomas  Cadwalader,  John  Redman, 

charge  / »  '  .^ 

accepted   Samuel  Preston  Moore,  and  1-loyd   Zachary  had  also  had  their  sym- 

with  tliaiiks.    pathy  enlisted  in  favor  of  the  hosjjital  by  Dr.  Bond  and  his  friends, 

and  thev  were  all  eager  to  contribute  to  its  success,  both  financially 

Tlie  first   ''"d  professionally.    The  first  Medical  Staff  was  ajipointed  October  23. 

Medical  .staiT.    1751,  by  the  Managers  then  passing  a  resohiiion  thanking  Drs.  I.lo\(l 

Zachary,  and  Thomas  and    I'hineas   Bond  for  their   willingness  "to 

attend  gratis  in  taking  care  of  the  sick  as  Physicians  and  Surgeons  for 

the  first  three  years  "  and  accejjting  their  services. 

The  Board,  furthermore,  in  order  to  give  greater  dignity  to  ihe 
rising  institution,  or  to  keep  alive  the  interest  of  as  many  influential 
persons  as  jjossible,  also  appointed  a  Staff  of  Consultants,  by  request- 
ing "Drs.  Grsme,  Cadwalader,  Moore,  and  Redman  to  assist  in 
consultation  in  extraordinary  ca.ses."     (See  ])age  28  ante.) 

The  first  consulting  staff  had  no  immediate  successors,  as  the  attend- 
ing physicians  discovered  that  they  did  not  require  siK:h  assistance. 

The  Managers  being  very  anxious  to  make  no  mistakes  at  the 
beginning  and  desiring  to  lay  the  foundations  of  the  new  institution 
ui)on  an  enduring  basis,  aiipointed  a  committee,  which  drew  u])  the 
following  regulations  with  regard  to  the  selection  of  jjliysicians  and 
surgeons,  which  subsequently  received  the  sanction  of  the  contribu- 
tors and  the  legal  representatives  of  the  infant  Commonwealth. 

RULES  to  be  observed  in  the  Choice  of  tile  Pliysicians  an<l  Surgeons  of  the 
I'KNNSYL\'.\NIA  HOSPlT.\I,,  to  limit  and  appoint  their  Number,  Authority 
and  Duty,  and  to  raise  a  fund  for  Supi)lying  the  said  Hospital  with  Medicines. 

IMPRI.MIS.  The  Managers  of  the  said  Hospital  shall  within  ten  days  after 
their  first  Meeting  in  the  month  called  May  Yearly,  Choose  Si.x  Practitioners  of 
Physick  &  Surgery,  to  visit  &  take  Care  of  the  Patients  in  the  said  Hospital,  & 
the  other  Practitioners  (who  are  at  this  time  Members  of  this  Cor|)or.ition)  shall 
have  the  Privilege  of  attending  iS:  observing  the  Practice  of  Those  Chosen  for  the 
Service  of  the  Year. 

2d,  the  Practitioners  chosen  shall  give  their  Attendance  at  such  times,  and  in 
such  manner,  and  be  Class'd  with  each  other,  as  shall  be  concluded  and  .-igreed 
upon  by  the  Managers  &  Practitioners. 

3d,  I'pon  extraordinary  Cases,  the  Practitioners  in  attendance  shall  Call  in 
two  or  more  of  the  Practitioners,  chosen  for  the  Service  of  the  year,  to  consult 
with. 

4th,  In  all  such  Cases,  which  will  admit  of  time  for  deliberation,  all  the  si.x 
Practitioners,  chosen  for  the  Service  of  the  Year,  shall  have  timely  notice  thereof. 

5th,  If  any  Practitioner  be  removed  by  the  Managers  for  neglect  of  Duty,  or 
any  other  Cause,  or  shall  die,  in  that  Case,  The  Man.igers  shall  choose  another 
Practitioner  (who  is  a  Member  of  this  Corporation  i  to  Supply  his  Place. 

440 


6th,  Each  Apprentice  or  other  Student,  the  Practitioners  shall  introduce  to 
see  the  Practice  of  the  Hospital,  shall  pay  one  English  Guinea,  or  Thirty  lour 
shillings  current  money  "pi  year,  to  be  laid  out  in  Medicines,  or  such  other  man- 
ner as  the  Managers  think  most  ])roper. 

7th,  No  Practitioner,  during  the  Term  for  which  he  is  chosen  to  serve  the 
Hospital  shall  Act  as  a  Manager. 

8th,  The  Practitioners,  shall  keep  a  fair  account  (in  a  book  provided  for  that 
purpose)  of  the  several  Patients  under  their  Care,  of  the  Disorders  they  labour 
under,  &  shall  enter  in  the  said  book  the  Recipes  or  Prescriptions  they  make 
for  each  of  them. 

gth,  No  person  shall  be  received  hereafter  as  a  Candidate  to  be  Employed 
in  the  said  Hospital,  as  a  Physician  or  Surgeon,  until  he  be  a  Member  of 
this  Corporation,   &  of  the  Age  of  Twenty  Seven  Years,   hath  served  a   regular 


f/a.^^.-i!.^^M- 


Reproduction 
of  Original 
Draught  of 
Rules,  with 
Signatures. 


'^'/^Ar^/^'^  f^<^^^^' 


441 


Appreiitiiiship  In  this  City  or  Suburbs,  liath  studied  Pliysiik  it  SurKi'ry  Seven 
years  or  nu^re  and  hatli  undergone  an  K.xainination  of  Six  of  the  Practitioners  of 
the  Hospital  in  the  Presence  of  the  Managers  and  is  approved  of  by  them  and  with 
respect  to  Strangers  they  sliall  liave  resided  three  years  or  more  in  this  City  and 
shall  be  Kxamineil  and  approved  of  in  the  manner  and  under  the  Restrictions 
afttresaid, 

loth,  These  Rules  shall  continue  in  force  two  years  and  from  thence  to  the 
time  of  the  next  General  Meeting  of  the  Contributors  and  no  Longer. 

Tlie  foregoiiif;  rules  received  the  approval  of  the   Chief  Justice 

of   Pennsylvania,    the    Speaker   of   the   Assembly  and   the  Attorney 

General,  as  required  by  the  Charter  of  the  Hospital  (see  page  lo),  and 

as  shown   in   the  accomiianying  re|)roduction  of  the  last  page  of  the 

original    draught    of    the    Rules    taken    froni    the   Archives   of    the 

Hospital  (see  illustration  on  i)receding  page). 

Xlie  The  physicians,  from  the   beginning,  were  encouraged  to  take  a 

Physicians   very  active  interest  in  the  success  of  the  Hospital  and  the  extension 

actively  Qf  j[g  usefulne.ss,  and  the  Managers  held  frequent  conferences   with 
interested  in      ,  .  ,  ,  ■  i      i        ,-  ■  ,    ■ 

the      If-    ■    r  ^"^"'^  ^vnh  regard  to  proposed   methods  of  improving  and  increasing 

the  Hospital.    ''^^   accommodations.     An    illustration    of  this   is   observed    in    the 

accompanying  extract  from  the  minutes  of  the   Managers   of  January 

7>  1792: 

The  I-iinatics  in  the  House  being  greatly  nuiltiplicd  by  the  Incrcaseof  Inhabi- 
tants in  the  state,  since  the  Hospital  was  built,  as  well  as  by  many  other  Causes, 
it  is  found  by  Experience,  that  a  proper  separation  of  the  Patients  cannot  be 
made;  neither  can  the  necessities  of  others  be  relieved,  whose  Cases  re<|uire  the 
aid  of  the  Institution  ;  &  for  whom  .•Applications  are  continually  made,  unless  a 
Building  more  adequate  to  their  Numbers  is  provided  to  receive  them.  The 
Managers  it  Physicians  are  therefore  of  Opinion  ;  that  an  Kxtention  of  the  House, 
as  nearly  as  Possible  to  agree  with  the  original  Plan,  admitting  only  of  such 
Alterations  as  will  more  conveniently  accommodate  the  Lunatics,  is  indisi>ensably 
needful ;  for  these  Reasons  they  resolve  that  a  Remonstrance  or  Petition  be  i>re- 
sented  to  the  general  Assembly,  setting  forth  the  Necessity  of  completing  the 
Hospital.  ^  requesting  .Assistance  to  enable  the  Contributors  to  do  it,  in  such 
manner,  .is  to  answer  the  humane  Intentions  of  its  original  Founders — which 
Petition,  Bartholniew  Wistar,  Samuel  Coates,  Elliston  Perot,  Cornelius  Barnes, 
Dr.  Rush,  Dr.  Hutchinson,  and  Doctor  Shippen  are  appointed  to  prepare,  and 
when  ready  to  call  a  Meeting  of  the  M.anagers  and  Physicians  &  lay  it  before 
them ;  who,  if  they  approve  are  to  sign  it,  &  have  it  presented  in  such  Manner, 
as  they  may  agree  to  when  assembled  together. 

The  matter  was   kept  actively  under  consideration  and  a  siiecial 
meeting  of  December  19,  1792,  contains  the  following  record  : 

At  a  special  Meeting  of  the  Managers,  Physicians,  and  Treasurer  this  day,  at 
the  house  of  Samuel  Coates. 

Present,  Josiah  Hewes,  Samuel  Clark,  Owen  Jones,  Jr.,  Klliston  Perot,  Samuel 
Coates,  Cornelius  Barnes,  Thomas  Penrose,  Bartholomew  Wistar,  Pattison 
Hartshorne,  and  Joseph  Paschall.  Managers;  Mordecai  Lewis,  Treasurer. 

Physicians,  Dr.  Rush,  Dr.  Parke,  Dr.  Hutchinson. 

44i 


Increased  ac- 
commodation 
required. 


Joseph  Paschall,  Saiime!  Coates,  Dr.  Kiisli  &  Dr.  Hutchinson  report,  that  they 
called  on  Thomas  McKean,  and  William  Bradford,  and  also  at  the  house  of  Report  of 
Edw'd.  Shippen,  who  was  not  at  home;  to  request  that  they,  as  Judges  of  the  Committee. 
Supreme  Court,  would,  in  aid  of  our  memorial,  send  a  Representation  to  the 
general  .Assembly,  stating  the  necessity  of  enlarging  the  Hospital,  so  as  to  receive 
a  greater  number  of  P.atients,  and  requesting  the  Grant,  which  the  said  Memorial 
solicited  for  that  purpose. 

The  Judges  received  their  Visit,  in  a  friendly  manner,  e.xpressing  their  great 
Regard  for  the  Institution,  and  promised  to  confer  with  Edw'd.  Shippen,  their 
associate  Judge,  the  ne.xt  day.  They  accordingly  met,  and  agreed,  (of  which 
they  informed  Dr.  Hutchinson,)  that  they  would  deliver  to  the  assembly,  such  a 
Representation  &  Petition,  as  we  requested  in  their  official  Character,  on  this 
Condition,  That,  if  the  money  was  granted,  and  the  building  e.ttended,  in  conse- 
quence of  our  joint  Applications,  a  clause  should  be  inserted  to  provide,  that 
they,  the  Judges,  should  have  free  liberty  to  commit  Lunaticks  therein,  from 
every  part  of  the  State,  without  the  let  or  hinderance  of  anj'  of  the  Managers  ; 
who  nevertheless  should  retain  the  right  of  fi.xing  the  rate  of  Payment,  for  the 
board  ol  Patients,  when  the  funds  were  not  sufficient  to  admit  them  as  Paupers  ; 
and  also  the  right  (as  usual)  to  govern  the  house. 

If  the  preceeding  Proposal  was  not  accepted,  they  agreed  cheerfully  to 
co-operate  with  us,  or  any  of  their  fellow  Citizens,  in  applying  for  the  grant,  as 
private  Gentlemen,  but  not  as  Judges  of  the  supreme  Court ; — which,  being  con- 
sidered, it  is  the  unanimous  opinion  of  all  'present ;  that  the  Managers  have  no 
right,  to  make  such  covenant,  to  bind  the  Contributors  ;  nor  can  they  acknowledge 
the  propriety  of  any  Authorities  being  exercised  in  the  Hospital,  than  such  as 
are  already  known;  and  agree  with  the  existing  Charter,  and  Constitution 
thereof. 

The  Managers  &  Physicians,  are  nevertheless  sensible  of  the  kind  Disposi- 
tions of  the  Judges  to  promote  the  Interest  of  the  Hospital  and  therefore  request 
them  to  exert  themselves  by  personal  .Application,  in  such  manner,  as  to  them, 
may  appear  best,  and  most  likely  to  obtain  the  object  of  our  Petition  ;  which  as 
Citizens,  they  have  been  pleased  to  approve. 

In  response  to  the  above  petition  by  the  Managers  and  Physicians 
a  legislative  committee  visited  the  Hospital  and  made  the  following 
report,  which  was  read  at  a  meeting  of  the  Managers,  held  ist  mo., 
27th,  1794: 

"  The  Committee  appointed  by  the  SENATE  and  ASSEMBLY  of  PEXNSYL- 
VANI.A  on  the  loth  instant,  to  visit  the  HOSPIT.AL,  made  Report,  which  was 
read  as  follows,  viz.  : 

"  That,  accompanied  by  a  Committee  of  the  SEN.ATE,  they  have  visited  the    Committee 
PEN'NSYL\'.AXIA  HOSPITAL,  and  from  having  examined  its  arraingements,  and    reports  to  the 
enquired  into  the  State  of  its  Funds,  they  have   Reason  to  believe  that  the  Insti-    Legislature, 
tution  is  conducted  with  equal  attention  to  good  Order,  and  strict  Economy. — 
Several   very   curious    anatomical    Preparations,    purchased    from    the    Repre- 
sentatives   of   the    late   Dr.    Chovett,    have  since    last    Year,    been    added   to 
those    previously    collected,    forming    together    an    Exhibition     which    for    its 
utility  &  value  we  apprehend  is  unequalled  by  any  of  a  similar  nature,  in  the 
United  States  :  and  notwithstanding  the  addition  necessarily  made  to  the  current 
Expences  of  the  house,  by  reason  of  the  Purchases,  the  COMMITTEE  have  the 
pleasure  of  reporting  that  the  Capital  Stock   has  been  encreased,  TWO  HUN- 
DRED and  THIRTY  FOUR  POUNDS  98,  since  an  account  of  it  was  laid  before 

44.? 


till-  tirst  Si-ssii)n  of  tlif  I.;isl  I.i'Kislatiiri-, — CcmsiclcraWc  I'ro>;ri-ss  has  luiii  iiiaile 
Coiiimitti-e  '"  C'lliftinn  tin-  iimnks  K''ii"t';<l  ''>'  *''<■"  l-='w  of  the  nth  iif  April,  1793,  for 
rccomiiK-iids  I'^li^'xIi'iK  thu  1r-ik-(Us  cxpi-rii-iKi-il  fruiii  the  Iiistitiitiun  of  the  I'KNNSYI-N'ANIA 
apprupriatiun  "(ISI'ITAI.,  out  of  tlic  <lil>Ls  due  to  the  loan  Oflice  of  1773,  the  sum  of,  five  thou- 
sand three  hundred  Pounds,  having  been  already  received,  and  suitalile  measures 
taken  to  expedite  the  C"ollection  of  the  Remainder. 

"  EncouraKed  by  this  suciess  the  Managers  have  prepared  a  Plan  of  the  addi- 
tional Plans  intended,  and  ealle<l  a  MeeliuK  of  the  Contributors,  as  well  to  con- 
sider said  Plan,  as  to  determine  how  soon  to  conniience  the  erection  of  the 
Huililin^s  a^;reed  on,  in  conformity  to  the  prtivision  of  the  before-inentione<l  .\CT. 

"  Your  Committee  must  also  mention,  that  during  the  prevalence  of  the  late 
destructive  Contagion  in  the  City  of  Philadelpliia,  altho'  one  infected  Person  was 
sent  to  the  Hospital  before  the  nature  of  his  Complaint  was  known,  >Sc  died  soon 
afterwards,  yet  every  Precaution  havinj;  been  used  to  prevent  a  Communication 
of  the  Disease,  neither  any  of  the  Patients,  nor  even  those  who  attended  the 
infected  Person,  were  in  the  smallest  degree  aU'ected  by  a  similar  Complaint  ;— a 
Circumstance,  which  in  itself  must  convey,  a  stronger  Evidence  in  favour  of  the 
good  arraingement  &  salubrity  of  the  Hospital,  than  any  Kulogium  your  Com- 
mtttee  can  bestow.  " 

At  a  special  Meeting  held  at  the  Mouse  of  Samuel  Coates,  ist,  2d  mo.,  1794. 

Upon  Information  now  cimimunicaled  by  the  Managers  present, 

Resoh'ed,  That  it  is  proper  to  proceed  as  early  in  the  present  Season,  as  is 
practicable  in  compleating  the  original  plan  of  the  hospital,  by  erecting  the  centre 
House,  and  western-wing  so  far  as  to  run  up  the  walls  thereof,  and  shingle  the 
same  ;  also  to  finish  the  western  ward,  for  the  accommodation  of  Persons  afflicted 
with  Lunacy. 

Resolved,  in  order  the  more  comfortably  to  accommodate  Patients  labouring 
under  this  afflicting  malady.  That  the  western  ward  shall  extend  in  width,  six 
feet  more  than  the  present  ward,  so  as  to  admit  two  rows  of  rooms  or  cells  on  a 
floor  for  this  purpose. 

Rrsoh'id,  That  the  Centre-House  be  finished  with  a  dome,  and  the  south 
Front  thereof,  w  ith  si.\  marble  Pilasters,  agreeable  to  the  Elevation  now  exhibited. 

Joseph  Swift,  Oiairmaii. 
Tho.mas  VVistar,  CItrk. 

Appeal  to  November  26,  1795,  the  Board  considering  the  importance  to  the 

Governor   public  of  completing  the  new  building,  which  could  not  be  effected 

Miinin.    without  further  a.ssistance  from  the  Legislature  of  the  State,  therefore, 

concluded    to   a.sk    the   Governor  to   endorse    their    request,  in    his 

address  to  the  General  Assembly. 

To  Thom.\s  Mifflin  Esqr.  :  Governor  of  the  State  of  Pennsvi.vania. 
It  being  notorious  that  the  population  of  Pennsylvania  has  incre.tsed  at  least 
in  a  three-fold  proportion  since  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  w.is  founded  in  the 
Year  1752  it  must  be  obvious  to  a  reflecting  Mind  that  the  increase  of  Disorders  is 
in  some  Degree  in  a  proportionate  Ratio  therewith— Without  ascribing  it  to  any 
uncommon  cause,  as  may  thus  account  for  the  number  of  lunatic  Patients  who  are 
so  much  multiplied  among  us,  that  for  want  of  a  suitable  place  to  accommodate 
them  in,  many  have  been  confined  in  Gaols,  or  poorhouses,  chained  among  the 
sick,  where  they  cannot   be  properly  attended.  &  others  have  been  roving  about 

444 


the  City  .ind  Country,  incapable  of  maintaining;  lln.'nis<.-lvi.-s,  and  dans<-Toiis  to  tlie 
Community  :  tliis  t-vil  may  l^e  remedied,  &  many  Citizens  relieved  by  confining 
them  in  convenient  places  where  they  may  have  the  benefit  of  medical  aid — 
Under  these  impressions  tlie  Managers  of  tlie  Pennsylvania  Hospital  are  pre- 
paring a  jjetition  to  the  next  assembly  to  solicit  money  to  finish  the  new  buildings 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  in  a  greater  number  of  |>atients  ; — this  subject  the 
Managers  wish  the  Governor  in  general  terms  to  represent  to  the  next  assembly, 
and  if  possible  to  draw  their  attention  to  secure  the  benefit  of  their  late  Grant  of 
Ten  thousand  Pounds  by  such  further  aid  as  may  be  sufficient  to  complete  the 
buildings  :  without  which  the  work  that  is  already  done  will  be  of  no  advantage. 

As   already    related    (page    255)    the    Governor    very    favorably   The  Governor 
mentioned  the  Hospital  in  his  annual  report,  and  the  ultimate  result   '"•'™i's  an 
was  a  handsome  appropriation  for  the  jnirpose  of  completing  the  Hos-    '  l''"""'^"" 
pital  according  to  the  original  plan.     In  accom])lishing  this  result  the 
labors  and   influence  of  the  Medical  Staff  were  largely  exercised   and 
due  credit  should  be  given  them  for  their  disinterested  devotion  to  the 
Hospital  ;    the  above    is   only   a  solitary    Illustration    out    of  many 
which  could  be  cited. 

The  personnel  of  the  first  Medical  Staff,  as  already  observed,  was 
of  a  high  character.   Its  members  were  not  only  eminent  in  their  own 
vocation,  but  they  also  had  acquirements  and  accomplishments  which 
made  them  leaders  in  the  community,  and  active  and  influential  in  its    j^jj,], 
social  affairs.     Dr.   Lloyd   Zachary  is  reputed  to  have  been   "  one  of  Character 
the  most  gifted  men    that   ever  lived   in    Philadelphia.     He  rendered   "'  K-^rly 
incalculable  services  to  the  Hospital,  which  was  founded  in  his  time,    •'-''" ^'^'■'* 
and  of  which  he  was  made  first  physician.     In   the  community,  there   Medical 
probably  was  not  one  who  was  more  respected  and  beloved.     *     =!=    *  staff. 
His  devotion  to  the  Hospital  was  never  subdued,  and,  when  he  died, 
his  will  was  found  to  contain  a  liberal  donation   in  money  and  books 
to  that  institution."  1 

Dr.  Thomas  Bond  was  intimate  with  Benjamin  Franklin  and 
was  actively  interested  in  his  schemes  for  general  education  and 
philanthropy.  With  Dr.  Zachary,  he  was  teacher  of  the  medical 
students  of  the  city,  and  inaugurated  the  present  system  of  delivering 
clinical  lectures  at  the  Hospital.  His  first  lecture  was  deemed  by  the 
Managers  of  sufli(;ient  importance  to  warrant  its  insertion  in  full  uiion 
the  minutes.  2  In  fact.  Dr.  Bond  was  himself  a  member  of  the  first 
Board  of  Managers,  this  compliment  being  paid  him  in  recognition  of 
his  agency  in  projecting  the  plan  of  the  hospital  and  his  energy  in 
establishing  it  upon  a  working  basis.  When  in  November,  1776,  the 
Pennsylvania   Hospital   was  set  apart  for   the  use  of  the  Continental 

■  Scharf  &  Westcott. 

*  See  page462  for  lecture  in  full. 

445 


troops,  Dr.  Thoinas  Bond,  assisted  by  his  son,  Dr.  Thos.  Bond,  Jr., 
rendered  efficient  aid  in  organizing  the  Continental  .Army  Hospital 
system  upon  a  i)roper  basis,  and  securing  competent  surgical  and 
medical  aid.  It  was  a  trying  time,  for  in  addition  to  political  troubles, 
smalli)0x  broke  out  among  the  soldiers,  and,  without  vaccination,  it 
was  impossible  to  prevent  thecontagion  froms|)reading.  He  vvasselected 
as  one  of  the  representative  citizens,  by  the  Assembly  in  1779,  to  serve 
as  one  of  the  Managers  of  the  newly  organized  University  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  reputation  of  which  ha.s  since  extended  to  every 
part  of  the  civilized  world. 
Early  I'liysi-  Thomas  Wynne,  of  Cjer  Wys,  Flintshire,  North  Wales,  a  "  Chir- 

ciaiisoftlie   nrgeon  "     came  over  in   the  ship  "Welcome,"   which   sailed    fioni 

Pro  V I  tictf 

Deal,  England,  .August  30,  1682,  with  his  friend  William  Penn,  the 
Proprietary.  The  services  of  this  skilled  physician  were  needed  by 
the  company  even  before  reaching  their  destination,  for,  it  is  recorded, 
that  there  was  an  outbreak  of  smallpox  among  the  passengers, 
during  which  thirty-one  of  them  perished.  As  an  illustration  of  the 
esteem  in  which  jihysicians  were  held  in  those  early  days  and  their 
social  importance,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  Dr.  Wynne  was  ihe 
President  of  the  first  Provincial  .Assembly  held  in  Philadelphia. 
Dr.  Wynne's  daughter  married  Dr.  Edward  Jones.  Seventy  years 
after  the  founding  of  the  city  by  Penn,  the  Hospital  was  organized 
and,  on  its  consulting  staff,  we  find  Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader,  whose 
father  had  married  Martha  Jones,  the  grand-daughter  of  Thomas 
Wynne.  Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader  was  therefore  the  great-grandson 
of  Dr.  Wynne  and  he  ably  sustained  the  honor  of  his  family  by 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Common  Council  of  Philadelphia  from 
1751  to  1774;  he  also  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Council  fiom 
•755  ^"  ''^^  period  of  the  Revolution,  when  he  became  a  Medical 
Director  in  the  army.  In  1750,  he  had  the  honor  of  prejiaring  the 
first  systematic  course  of  Medical  lectures  to  be  delivered  in  a  Philadel- 
phia College.  These  facts  are  mentioned  to  illustrate  the  statement 
that  the  members  of  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  Hospital  were  not  only 
eminent  in  their  own  profession  but  were  men  of  affairs  and  patriots. 
A  relative  of  Dr.  Cadwalader's,  Dr.  Cadwalader  Evans,  a  man  of 
note  in  his  day,  also  served  on  the  Staff  of  the  Hospital ;  being  the 
successor  of  Dr.  Samuel  Preston  Moore.  It  was  to  Dr.  Cadwalader 
Colden,  who  early  in  the  eighteenth  century  was  a  resident  of  Phila- 
delphia, (but  after  living  here  for  ten  years  removed  iK'rmanenily 
to  New  York),  that  Benjamin  Franklin  was  indebted  for  valuable 
suggestions,  that  eventually  led  to  (he  formation  of  the  Scientific 
Association,  which  developed  into  the  present  American  Philosophical 

446 


Society.  The  brothers,  Drs.  'I'homas  and  Phineas  Bond,  were 
associated  in  the  famous  Junto,  and  were  among  the  originators  of  I'liysicians 
Franklin's  more  ambitious  organization  for  "Promoting  Useful  •''^  ^■'^•"  '^'^ 
Knowledge  among  the  British  Plantations  in  America."  This  Society, 
which  went  into  full  operation  in  1744  had  the  following  original 
members :  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  as  Physician  ;  John  Bartram,  botanist ; 
Thomas  Godfrey,  mathematician ;  Samuel  Rhoads,  mechanician  ; 
William  Parsons,  geographer;  Dr.  Phineas  Bond,  general  Natural 
Philosopher;  Thomas  Hopkinson,  President;  William  Coleman, 
Treasurer;  Benjamin  Franklin,  Secretary.  In  1767,  this  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  "American  Society  for  Promoting  and  Propagating 
Useful  Knowledge,"  among  the  members  of  which  were  the  physi- 
cians above  mentioned,  and  the  American  Philosophical  Society  was 
organized  with  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  as  the  representative  of  the  older 
organization,  with  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin  as  its  first  President.  It  is 
interesting  to  trace  the  intimate  association  of  Franklin  with  the 
members  of  the  first  Medical  Staff,  since  it  led  directly  to  the  founda- 
tion of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  the  growth  and  development  of 
which  he  became  so  deeply  interested. 

Dr.  John  Redman,  who  was  one  of  the  founders  and  the  first 
President  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  was  also  the 
medical  preceptor  of  the  American  Sydenham,  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush, 
who  became  a  member  of  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  Hospital. 
Dr.  Thomas  Graeme  who  was  invited  to  attend  the  hosjjital  as  a  High  Pcr- 
consultant  in  extraordinary  cases,  was  a  graduate  of  the  University  sonal  and 
of  Leyden  and  a  hiKhlv   educated  and  accomplished  phvsician.      He   „  "'^f.  "    , 

-'  b      .  r  I     -  standing  of 

was  appointed  Master  in  Chancery  and,  in  1731,  became  a  p-j^st  Medi- 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was  the  first  President  of  the  tal  Stafi. 
St.  Andrew's  Society,  founded  in  1749.  The  services  of  Dr.  Wm. 
Shippen,  Jr.,  to  medical  education  in  this  country,  are  acknowledged 
upon  another  jjage  and  also  referred  to  elsewhere  in  this  history. 
Enough  has  been  recorded  in  this  place  to  show  that  the  present 
members  of  the  medical  staff  have  good  reason  to  think  highly  of 
their  predecessors  in  the  service  of  the  Institution,  and  may  indeed 
be  proud  of  having  men  of  such  eminent  attainments  in  science,  of 
such  excellent  achievements  in  civil  and  social  affairs,  and  of  such 
high  moral  worth,  as  members  of  the  medical  staff,  even  in  the  early 
days  of  the  Hospital. 

The  leaders  in  the  profession  in  Philadelphia,  in  1751,  w^ere 
Thomas  and  Phineas  Bond,  Thomas  Caihvalader,  Lloyd  Zachary, 
Samuel  Preston  Moore,  John  Redman,  and  Thomas  Graeme,  who, 
as  already  stated,  formed   the  first  medical  and  surgical  staff   of  the 

447 


Hospital.  The  other  noted  physicians  of  the  time  were  Dr.  Kdward 
Jones,  a  son-in-law  of  Dr.  Wynne,  Dr.  Thomas  Lloyd,  Dr.  Griffith  Owen 
and  Doctors  Goodson,  Witt.  Golden,  and  John  Kearsley,  Junior. 
It  is  most  interesting  to  learn  that  "There  is  scarcely  one  named 
from  old  Dr.  Daniel  Wills  (of  Burlington,  N.  J.)  down,  who  either 
direi  tly  by  his  jjosterity,  or  indirectly  by  some  act  of  his  life,  has  not 
influenced  for  good  the  welfare  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hosjjital."  ' 
TliL-  Cla.ssii;tl  As  described  in  Thacher's  American  Medical  Biogra])hy,  we  find 

atnl  Siiiiiti(i<-  that  the  ]>rofessional  men  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries 
AitainnK-iiis  ^^.^^.^  generally  much  better  educated  than  most  of  their  successors 
Physicians  °^  '"*^  present  time.  Almost  without  exception  they  were  classical 
scholars.  Their  graduating  essays  must  be  written  in  Latin.  Travel 
was  essential,  notwithstanding  the  encumbered  modes  of  motion 
to  which  they  were  subjected.  Leyden,  Paris,  lulinburf;h,  London, 
Oxford,  Upsal,  Bonn  and  to  some  extent  Vienna,  Berlin,  and  the 
Italian,  schools,  received  and  honored  lliem  ;  they,  as  a  rule  by 
their  subsequent  career,  e(iually  honoring  the  places  which  they 
visited  and  where  they  sojourned.  They  were  also  men  of  affairs.  It 
is  surprising  what  a  part  they  took  at  home  in  |)olitics(in  its  broad 
sense)  and  government.  They  were  good  soldiers,  and  freely  offered 
themselves  and  their  services  to  their  country  in  times  of  need. 

A  long  roll  of  honor  could  be  written  to  record  their  merits  and 
embalm  their  memories  ;  but  it  may  be  condensed  in  the  single  state- 
ment that  with  them  education  never  militated  against  personal  good- 
ness (as  some  people  stoutly  maintain  that  it  does  with  most  men)  for 
whether  in  ])estilence  and  ])lagiie,  in  poverty,  or  wealth,  they  vaunted 
not  themselves  but  worked  faithfully  "  for  the  good  of  their  fellow 
beings,  and  to  the  glory  of  God.'' 
M.  <lc- War-  A  distinguished  visitor  to  this  country,   M.  de  Warville,  o\cra 

ville  writes  century  ago,  wrote  a  series  of  letters  for  i)ublication  at  his  home,  in 
France,  which  were  afterward  collected  in  book  form,  and  a  transla- 
tion of  which  ap])eared  in  England.  When  in  l'hiladel|)hia,  about 
1788,  he  paid  a  visit  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  his  enthusias- 
tic recital  of  his  experience  and  iniiiressions  thereon  are  so  graphic 
and  at  the  same  time  so  disingenuous  that  no  apology  will  be  needed 
for  introducing,  a  few  paragra|)hs  here,  especially  as  in  them  one  of 
the  physicians  is  mentioned,  and  a  high  compliment  is  jiaid  to  the 
entire  management,  both  medical  and  administrative  : 

"  I  have  seen  the  hospitals  of  France,  both  at  Paris  and  in  the  provinces  ;  I 
know  none  of  tliein  l>ut  the  one  at  Besanjon  that  can  be  compared  to  this  at 

'  Address  on  the  Early  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  and  its  Vicinity,  by  Dr.  James  J.  Levicic, 
read  December,  1885.  before  the  Association  of  Ex-Rcsideiit  Physki.-ilis  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital. 

448 


of  a  visit  to 
the  Hos]>ital 


Pliilacielpliia.  Evvry  sick  and  every  poor  person  has  his  bed  well  furnished,  but 
without  curtains,  as  it  should  be.  Every  room  is  lighted  by  windows  placed 
opposite,  which  introduce  plenty  of  light. 

"Blacks  are  here  mingled  with  the  whites  and  lodged  in  the  same  apartments. 
This  to  me  seemed  a  balm  to  my  soul.  I  saw  a  negro  woman  spinning  with 
activity  by  the  side  of  her  bed.  She  seemed  to  expect  a  word  of  consolation 
from  the  director  ;  she  obtained  it,  and  it  seemed  to  be  heaven  to  her  to  hear  it. 
On  our  return  from  the  hospital  we  drank  a  bottle  of  cider.  Compare  this  frugal 
repast  to  the  sumptuous  feasts  given  by  the  superintendents  of  the  poor  of  Lon- 
don— by  tliose  humane  inspectors  who  assemble  to  consult  on  making  repairs  to 
the  amount  of  si.v  shillings  and  order  a  dinner  for  six  guineas  !  You  never  find 
among  the  Quakers  these  robberies  upon  indigence,  these  infamous  treasons 
against  beneficence.  Bless  them,  then,  ye  rich  and  poor;  ye  rich,  because  their 
fidelity  and  prudence  economize  your  money  ;  ye  poor,  because  their  humanity 
watches  over  you  without  ceasing. 

"  The  hospital  is  fine,  elegant  and  well  kejjt.  I  observed  the  bust  of  Franklin 
in  the  library  and  was  told  this  honor  was  rendered  to  him  as  one  of  the  principal 
founders  of  the  institution.  Each  one  of  the  lunatics  (about  fifteen  I  has  a  cell, 
with  a  bed,  a  table  and  a  convenient  window  fitted  with  grates.  Stoves  are 
fixed  in  the  walls  to  warm  the  cells  in  winter.  Tliere  were  no  male  persons  among 
them.  Most  of  the  patients  are  victims  of  religious  melancholy  or  of  disappointed 
love.  Dr.  Rush  has  invented  a  kind  of  swing  chair  for  their  exercise.  I  asked 
the  humane  and  enlightened  Dr.  Rush  why  the  cells  were  placed  beneath  the 
ground  floor,  exposed  to  the  unwholesome  humidity  of  the  earth.  He  told  me 
he  had  endeavored  for  a  long  time,  but  in  vain,  to  introduce  a  change  in  this 
particular,  and  that  this  hospital  was  founded  at  a  time  when  little  attention  was 
thought  necessary  for  the  accommodation  of  fools.  I  observed  that  none  of  those 
fools  were  naked  or  indecent — a  thing  very  common  with  us.  These  people 
I>rfServe,  even  in  tlieir  foll\',  their  primitive  characteristic  of  decency." 

In  a  paper  contributed  to  the  first  volume  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  Reports  (published  in  1867),  Professor  Charles  D.  Meigs 
gave  some  reminiscences  of  the  Physicians  and  Surgeons  who  had 
served  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  The  article  is  sufficiently  interest- 
ing and  appropriate  to  warrant  the  insertion  of  a  considerable  part 
if  it  here : 

Do  we  merely  flatter  ourselves,  then,  when  we  indulge  the  belief,  that  in 
the  United  States,  our  venerable  institution,  so  widely  known  and  so   long  and        nce'i  hv 
highly  respected,  will  be  looked  to  with  much  trustfulness,   when  coming  forth,     p.  ..r  n\-,.,c 

as  now,  from  her  centurial  silence,   she  assumes  to  speak  as  e.v  calheiira  and    r>   ^f   ■ 

'  '  D.  Meigs, 

claim  a  higher  place  \\\  our  .American  schools  of  medicine  and  surgery  ?  We  can- 
not but  opine  that  in  thus  concluding  to  make  more  jiublic  her  inner  life  and 
charities  by  the  circulation  of  regular  reports  of  her  clinical  experiences  and 
observations,  and  methods  of  teaching,  she  must  become  an  accepted  clinical 
teacher  not  for  Philadelphia  alone,  but  for  universal  Medicine ;  aiid  that,  if  the 
managers  of  this  enterprise  should,  in  time,  come  to  send  forth  sincere  reports  of 
her  clinical  lectures  and  clinical  transactions,  they  cannot  but  attain  an  authority 
equal  to  those  of  the  most  distinguished  hospitals  of  the  world.  Hence,  we  may 
expect  that  these  volumes  will  meet  with  a  most  hearty  and  general  welcome  by 
all  the  lovers  of  progress  in  our  calling,  at  home  and  abroad  ;  such  a  welcome 
will  be  the  warmer  from  the  fact  that  vast  numbers  [of  our  .American  physicians 

■U9 


Reminis- 


have  hfcn  stiuli'ius  of  the  liousi-,  and  aftir  "walking  liir  wards,"  have  carried 
Address  by  ""'  '"'"  ''"•'  ■'•^'""''^st  resions  of  the  Creal  Repuhlic,  a  lively  memory  of  the 
Dr  MeiKS  P'easaiit  and  profitable  honrs  spent  within  her  walls  ;  memories  of  the  scientific 
truths  ;  memories  of  the  fine  diaKnoses,  the  sure  prognoses,  and  tile  skilful  appli- 
cations i>f  therapeutics  and  surgery,  whose  accuracy  surprised,  while  the  bold- 
ness and  dexterity  astonished  them.  Not  hundreds,  but  thousands  of  thise 
American  physicians,  have  carrieil  out  and  spread  everywhere  in  the  land  the 
testimonies  and  traditions  that  have  made  her  name  familiar  as  a  household  word  : 
we  heard  that  household  word  in  our  remote  village  near  a  thousand  miles 
away,  and  near  three-quarters  of  a  century  ago.  Though  she  never  before 
thought  to  make  herself  thus  an  open  and  public  dispenser  of  knowledge,  out  of, 
and  far  from,  her  own  boundary  walls,  yet  how  many  thousands  of  them  that 
were  in  weakness  and  pain  and  in  the  fear  of  imminent  death  have,  for  a  century 
past,  owed  their  relief  and  their  release  to  her  far-reaching  modest,  and  silent 
charity. 

We  trust   it    is  by  no  means    presuni|)tuous   to    claim    for    this   ancient    and 

honored    institution    an    un<lonbted    precedence    in  the  possession  t>f  the    most 

eminent  among  American  physicians  and  surgeons  ;  since  barely  to  mention  the 

■  names  of  Ur.  Rush  and  Ur.  Philip  Syng  Physick  ought  to  establish  that  claim,  for 

those  names  areyari/*'  faiillime  priruipi's  in  American  physic  and  surgery. 

To  these  may  rightly  be  addeil  the  venerated  nanus  of  Kuhn,  Barton,  Wistar, 
Dorsey,  J.  Rhea  Barton,  and  James.  These  alone  appear  to  us  to  warrant  our 
assumption  of  a  former  superiority  in  American  medical  teachings,  while  we,  by 
no  means,  are  so  im])ertinent  as  to  claim  a  present  supereminence,  where  the 
innnense  progress  of  American  civilization  has  scattered  broadcast  over  the  land 
the  richest,  the  most  precious  treasures  of  science  and  art  in  our  noble  jirofes- 
sion  ;  but  it  will  not  be  deemed  an  impudence,  on  our  part,  to  pretend  to  at  least 
equal  rank  in  the  actual  republic  of  medical  letters. 

For  our  private  opinion  we  beg  to  excuse  ourselves,  on  the  ground  that,  very 
early  in  the  century,  we  had  the  happiness  and  the  great  hap|)iness,  to  sit  at  the 
feet  of  many  of  those  Gamaliels  who  so  overbore  our  young  hearts  and  minds 
with  an  intimate  conviction  of  their  virtue  and  wisdom  that  even  the  chill  of  old 
age  is  as  yet  impotent  to  lessen  the  glow  of  our  admiration  an<l  gratitude  to  such 
excellent,  such  learned  and  wise  masters.  We  but  fulfil  the  engagement  made 
for  us  more  than  twenty  centuries  ago  in  tlie  famous  and  still  living  Jusjurandum 
of  the  Father  of  Medicine  in  lumoring  from  our  earliest  date  of  life,  masters  who 
graciously  taught  us  to  heal  sick  men  and  women. 

We  esteem  the  greatest  name  of  the  men  who,  in  that  now  somewhat  distant 
day,  served  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  was  the  name  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush, 
Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

That  eminent  physician's  renown  was  not  founded  alone  upon  his  grand 
career  in  the  fatal  epidemic  of  1793,  or  in  like  occurrences  in  years  following.  It 
depended  far  more  upon  his  surpassing  and  most  captivating  eloquence,  upon 
his  great  wisdom,  his  learning,  and  the  inextinguishable  zeal  whose  fire  was  not 
in  the  least  assuaged  at  the  time  we  attended  upon  his  last  course  of  lectures,  at 
that  venerable  and  beautiful  old  age,  which  soon  afterwards  let  him  gently  down 
into  an  honored  grave  where  his  remains  now  rest,  more  sacred  than  the  dust 
that  draws  thousands  of  annual  pilgrims  to  the  tomb  of  the  Imaums. 

May  we  not  stop  a  moment  just  here,  to  express  the  wish  and  the  hope, 
that  ere  many  years  shall  have  elapsed,  the  statue  of  that  eminent  American  may 
find  its  appropriate  plinth  in  some  conspicuous  part  of  the  town  whose  very  name 
is  signally  honored  by  his  whole  life  and  conversation.  May  all  Philadelphia  cry 
out  with  one  voice  Placil,  plaiet ! 

450 


DR.  BENJAMIN  RUSH. 


••«>  f.  autiRUHSt  CO.,  vMiu. 


Dr.  Rush,  by  his  actions  and  liis  writings  became  in  a  certain  sense  and 
extent  the  American  Galen,  for  we  tliink  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  he  did  transmit  address  bv 
his  idea,  as  a  governing  and  directing  element  down  through  more  than  half  a  jjj.  \iti<»s 
century  of  American  Medicine,  controlling  the  practice  of  physic  with  an 
authority  during  that  time,  as  potent  as  was  the  authority  of  the  great  Pergame- 
nian  in  the  far  longer  series  of  centuries,  from  the  second  until  deep  into  the 
seventeenth.  Yet  even  to-day  the  name  of  Galen  is  not  blotted  out ;  and  like 
Rush's  is  only  under  the  eclipse  of  this  progressive  age.  They  are  both  marking 
and  ineffaceable  titles  on  the  roll  of  history  in  our  Medicine.  In  a  great  degree. 
Dr.  Rush,  though  so  long  ago  joined  to  his  fathers,  still  rules  much  of  the  medical 
practice  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States.  His  was  a  great  mission  and  he 
filled  his  station  well. 

When  I  was  a  boy  of  12  years  old,  the  name  of  Dr.  Rush  was  a  sort  of  myth 
in  my  young  ears  and  was  known  by  all  the  people  of  yon  sequestered  village  on 
the  Creek  Frontier  ;  and  when  in  the  autumn  of  iiSi2,  I  first  entered  his  lecture- 
room  in  the  old  University  building  on  Ninth  Street,  I  was  enrapt :  his  voice, 
sweeter  than  any  flute,  fell  on  my  ears  like  droppings  from  a  Sanctuary  and  the 
spectacle  of  his  beautiful  radiant  countenance,  with  his  earnest,  most  sincere, 
most  persuasive  accents,  sunk  so  deep  into  my  heart  that  neither  time  nor  change 
could  eradicate  them  from  where  they  are  at  this  hour  freshly  remembered. 
Oh  !  but  he  was  a  most  charming  gentleman  I  a  "grave  and  reverend  and  potent 
signor"  in  the  scholar  class  of  mankind  I 

Now  this  was  one  of  the  men  who  graced  this  old  Hospital  in  our  young  days, 
with  his  teachings,  his  learning,  his  wisdom  and  his  manners,  formed  upon  the 
grand  old  style  of  Washington's  court,  of  which,  alas !  but  a  few  scattered  and 
bowed  down  specimens  are  here  and  there  to  be  seen  lingering  in  our  country. 

There  it  was,  as  well  as  in  his  lecture-room,  that  he  helped  to  mould  and 
fashion  the  manners  and  deportment  of  that  house  in  a  way  to  make  it  specific — 
characteristical.  Yet  not  to  him  alone  are  our  thanks  due  for  the  form  of  this 
school  and  its  individual  signiticancy.  He  had  brave  coadjutors  whose  ministra- 
tions there  and  elsewhere  laid  on  the  brows  of  Philadelphia  the  Science-Crown, 
that  shone  so  far  and  so  bright  in  those  ])alniy  days  of  his  School  of  Medicine. 

Dr.  Kuhn,  a  favorite  pupil  of  Linnaeus,  w-ho  learned  to  love  him  at  Upsala,  was 
a  man  distinguished  for  learning  and  probity  ;  an  honor  to  our  calling.  Dr.  Philip 
Syng  Physick,  long  a  pupil  and  assistant  and  trusted  friend  of  Mr.  Hunter,  and 
long  a  resident  in  the  Hospital  in  Mr.  Hunter's  service  at  London,  was  like  his 
master  a  model  of  e.xactness  and  certainty.  I  never  saw  a  man  who  knew  so 
thoroughly  well  all  that  he  knew.  It  seemed  as  if  his  science  and  art  were 
ledgered  in  his  brain,  so  that  he  could  turn  on  the  instant  to  page  and  line. 
Dr.  Physick's  service  in  the  house  was  continued  during  more  thau  twenty-two 
years,  from  1794  to  1816,  when  he  resigned  his  office.  His  manners  were  to  the 
last  degree  dignified  and  elegant,  and  as  he  still  w^ore  his  hair  powdered  and 
clubbed,  he  bore  about  him  a  sort  of  traditional  look,  which  added  to  the  respect 
which  everywhere,  in  public  and  private  greeted  him,  always  reverently.  In  the 
midst  of  a  crowd  of  students  more  than  five  hundred  in  number  assembled  from 
all  quarters  of  the  compass,  impetuous,  ingenuous  hot  heads  from  the  Carolinas, 
restless  Georgians,  bold  sons  of  Kentucky,  and  buckeyes  from  the  Northwest,  or 
the  graver  students  from  the  North,  the  moment  the  Professor  entered  the  lecture- 
room,  all  was  hush,  with  a  general  pleased  expression  murmured  all  over  the 
amphitheatre,  "and  car  and  eye  attentive  bent "  to  the  mellifluous  tones  of  his 
voice,  or  the  most  admirable  illustrations  of  surgical  processes  that  he  so  pro- 
fusely supplied.  He  was  a  man  like  a  statue  of  marble  but  animated  by  a 
promethean  light  and  warmth.     Dr.  Physick  was  a  very  marking  nian   in  our 

451  • 


American  world  of  Mt'tlioini",  a  man  aUo^ethi-r  pectiliar  (or  ability  and  therefore 
A<lilri-ss  Iiv  most  rare  and  most  highly  to  be  prized  ;  lie  too  was  one  of  the  men  who  stamped 
Dr.  Meigs,  so  deeply  into  the  old  Hospital  the  legend  on  its  name-shield  "conservatism." 
The  same  motives  that  leatl  ns  to  remember  I>r.  Rush  and  Professor  Physick, 
prompt  us  to  refer  to  the  learned,  benign,  beloved  Wistar ;  Caspar  Wistar.  long 
the  .able  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  I'niversity  of  Pennsylvania,  where  and  from 
•lis  honorable  See,  he  dispensed  over  the  land  the  precious  doctrines,  U|>on  which 
are  based  all  onr  hopes  of  usefulness  and  distinction  in  the  profession  of  physic. 
He  w.as  fully  up  to  the  broad  level  of  the  time  anil  he  too  carriei!  there  his  grave, 
serene,  most  admirable  manners  as  examples  of  the  p«>lite  tieineanor  of  gentle- 
men at  the  close  of  the  i8th  century.  No  student  dared  to  behave  unlike  a 
gentleman  in  his  presence.  How  cotdd  such  men  serve  and  act  and  connnand 
so  long  in  that  house,  and  not  leave  like  a  beautiful  ship  in  the  sea,  a  long  bright 
w.ake  of  gentle  light  bchinil  !  Here  too  w.as  Horsey.  John  Syng  Horsey,  a  nephew 
of  Dr.  Physick,  adjunct  first,  and  next  full  Professor  of  Surgery,  brought  up  in 
his  likeness,  an  eloquent,  ardent,  most  able  teacher,  a  gentleman  most  i>opular  in 
the  Hospit.al  and  the  school  .alike,  but  too  soon  alas,  snatched  from  us  by  the 
same  fat.al  power  that  early  deprived  the  world  of  the  admirable  Bichat. 

Whoever  will  read  Dorsey's  Surgery  will  learn  what  it  was  that  common 
sense  said  in  those  limes  in  the  art  of  surgery.  Though  we  have  not  the  least 
doubt  or  lack  of  faith  in  the  great  progress  of  medicine  in  all  its  branches  in  the 
nineteenth  century,  must  we  first  say  risiim  lenealis  aiiiici  before  we  venture  to 
add  that  we  early  received  Dorsey's  Surgery  as  a  man  takes  his  wife,  for  better, 
for  worse,  in  sickness  and  in  health,  until  death  doth  us  part ;  and  though  our 
golden  wedding  is  already  past  and  gone,  that  we  adhere  to  our  eng.agement 
then  and  there. 

That  eminent  gentleman.  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  with  whom  it  w.as  our 
privilege  to  enjoy  a  long  and  friendly  acipiaintance,  was  one  of  the  good 
furtherers  of  onr  house's  name  and  fame.  Hr.  Joseph  Hartshorne,  a  bold,  highly 
instructed  and  most  dexterous  surgeon  ;  Joseph  Parrish,  a  model  man,  from  the 
Society  of  Friends;  Hr.  J.  Rhea  Barton,  for  thirteen  years  and  five  months  the 
ornament  and  pride  of  the  surgical  department  of  the  Hospital,  in  which  his 
mind  h.ad  been  trained  by  his  very  long  residence  as  house  pupil,  in  a  depart- 
ment he  illustrated  by  his  rare  conservatism  and  .acknowledged  skill:  these 
and  many  others  whom  we  love  to  remember,  but  yet  are  too  redundant  for  this 
our  limited  space,  but  among  them  a  man  born  for  the  place,  and  in  his  own,  his 
right  place — we  mean  Dr.  William  Pepper.  How  can  we  omit  the  name  of 
Dr.  William  Pepper?  To  name  him  is  to  praise  him,  so  extensively  known  .as 
the  admirable  clinical  lecturer  .at  the  Hospital  near  twenty  consecutive  years, 
subsequently  as  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Well,  then,  a  cliilil  grows  up  to  manhood,  forming  anil  forming,  and  forming 
his  character  from  <lay  to  day,  .as  a  slender  shoot  from  the  buried  acorn  comes 
forth  out  of  the  ground,  and  hardens  and  rises  at  last  into  the  upper  air  a  strong, 
unswerving  shaft,  fit  for  the  m.ast  of  some  tall  .admiral ;  so  does  a  man,  a  family, 
a  nation  take  its  permanent  set  and  holds  on  with  it  to  the  end. 

The  men  we  have  name<l,  and  many  before  and  since  their  day  have,  if  not 
created,  at  least  moulde<l  the  character  of  the  house ;  and  the  result  is  visible 
in  a  wise  conservatism  which  has  so  long  distinguished  it,  and  kept  out  all  r.ash- 
ness  ;  while  not  moored,  but  anchored,  she  swims  on  the  upper  stratum  of  the 
rising  tide  of  medical  progress.     »    »    » 

"  Mony  a  pickle  maks  a  mickle,"  says  the  Scotch  proverb,  and  our 
Dr.  Physick  would  go  down  to  such  small  things  even  as  sore  knuckles  in  pursuit 

•  452 


of  useful  truth,  like  a  miser  who  won't  iKiiore  scales  tho'  he  likes  nuggets  better. 
"  Why,  young  gentlemen,"  said  lie,  "  I  have  been  many  clifTerent  times  called  on  AddressTby 
by  persons,  who  at  great  expense  and  inconvenience  had  journeyed  hundreds  of  i>r.  Meigs, 
miles  for  the  sole  purpose  of  showing  me  their  sore  knuckles,  which  had  annoyed 
them  for  years  and  cost  them  large  sums  in  fees  without  the  least  avail.  The  sore 
knuckle  had  been  supposed  incurable.  Very  well,  then  1  As  soon  as  I  saw  an 
obstinate  sore  ujjon  a  man's  knuckle,  how  should  I,  how  could  anybody  avoid 
making  the  reflection,  that  the  sore  must  have  been  kept  up  by  the  motion  of  the 
joint,  which  opened  and  shut  the  ulcer  dozens  of  times  every  day  so  that  it  could 
not  heal ;  or  that  other  reflection,  that  a  sore  finger,  like  a  broken  bone,  requires 
for  its  treatment  nothing  more  than  a  splint."  The  Professor  then  cut  from  a  card 
a  narrow  piece,  which  he  converted,  by  bending  it,  into  a  half-cylinder,  adjusted  it 
to  the  palmar  surface  of  the  sore  finger,  dressed  the  sore  with  a  create  to  prevent 
the  bandage  from  sticking  to  the  edges  of  the  sore,  and  bound  it  with  a  narrow 
roller.  "  There  !  that's  all  !  that  will  cure  your  finger  !  "  And  there  never  was 
a  sore  knuckle  that  could  not  be  cured  in  a  few  days  by  keeping  the  ulcer  at  rest 
by  means  of  such  a  splint,  for  as  a  broken  leg  wants  nothing  but  a  splint,  so  a  sore 
knuckle  wants  nothing  but  a  splint.  He  said  that  his  patients  were  much  sur- 
prised by  the  rapid  way  in  which  they  were  cured,  to  effect  which,  you  see,  said 
he,  only  a  little  common  sense  was  wanting.  It  was  this  same  common  sense 
attribute  by  which  he  was  distinguished  as  a  practitioner  and  as  a  teacher,  that  led 
to  his  great  success  in  the  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  joints,  and  particularly  in 
management  of  morbus  co.xarius,  which   he  always  treated   by  his  carved  splint. 

Dr.  Physick  was  a  great  bleeder,  and  though  not  so  ultra  as  Guy  Patin,  or 
Botalli,  he  carried  the  use  of  venesection  to  a  very  great  length.  He  used  to  tell 
us  that  while  he  was  resident  and  assistant  in  St.  George's  Hospital,  at 
London,  a  man  who  had  fallen  from  a  scaffold,  was  brought  into  Mr.  Hunter's 
ward  insensible  from  concussion  of  the  brain.  "  What  shall  I  do  for  the  man  ?  " 
said  the  young  disciple  to  his  master.  "  Shall  I  bleed  him,  sir?  "  "  Bleed  him  ? 
bleed  him,  sir?  No,  sir;  you  would  kill  him  outright.  Wait,  sir,  until  he  reacts, 
and  then  bleed  him — bleed  him  to  death,  sir  !  " 

On  this  te.xt  Dr.  Physick  founded  very  elaborate  instructions  for  us  who  were 
his  pupils.  A  spoken  word,  ofttimes  becomes  a  guiding  idea  for  a  man's 
whole  life,  and  the  hospital  pu|)il  never  forgot  this  one. 

One  day  while  strolling  along  Ninth  Street  near  the  University  buildings,  I 
was  overtaken  by  Professor  Dorsey,  who  hooked  arms  with  me  and  said,  "  Come 
along  with  me  ;  I  will  show  you  a  case."  We  entered  a  house  in  Market  Street 
above  Ninth,  where,  in  an  upper  room  a  man  was  lying  on  a  bed,  pale,  breathing 
very  slowly,  and  perfectly  insensible  ;  his  pulse  was  soft  and  infrequent  and  he 
snored  a  little  at  times.  This  man,  said  Dorsey,  fell  from  a  scaflbid,  and  has  got 
a  concussion  of  the  brain.  He  has  no  fracture  of  the  skull,  and  yet  see  how  1  am 
healing  him.  I  have  done  nothing  but  wrap  his  head  in  this  towel  wrung  out  of 
cool  water. 

"  Is  that  all  that  you  arc  going  to  do  for  him.  Doctor  ?  " 

"  Yes,  all  for  the  present.  Don't  you  remember  what  John  Hunter  said  to 
Dr.  Physick:  'Wait  until  he  reacts,  and  then  I  shall  bleed  him,— of  course  I 
will?'" 

Of  course  we  cannot  pretend  to  know  how  far  Mr.  Hunter's  strenuous  expres- 
sion of  his  opinion — as  to  the  actual  status  of  the  brain  in  concussion,  while  the 
heart  is  beating  feebly  and  faintly  because  the  cerebrospinal  axis  has  received  a 
shock  that  half  deprives  it  of  its  innervating  force — was  meant  to  go  ;  but  it 
seems  clear  that  he  must  have  entertained  a  wholesome  dread  of  the  battering 
power  of  the  reacted  heart  when  impelling  its  arterial   columns  into  the  brain- 

453 


tfxlurt-  after  such  a  slunk  aiul  (Ichiliialion.  Kur  utirsilvi's,  howfver,  we  do  know 
Aildriss  l>v  ^'*"'^y  "  '^"  "'■'"  "  "^  '"'^^  *■'  '^^'•'^  l"okf<l  U|mhi  tlic  iiii|)iilsi<iii-f<>rci-  of  a  lit-arl  roiisctl  and 
Dr  Mi-its  '"^'li'^"""'  i"t"  violviil  reaction  as  a  force  inily  injective,  packing,  crowdinj;,  and 
disruptive,  under  which  tissues  are  melted  or  broken  down  as  the  curtain  of  a 
liesieKed  fortress  melts  and  crumbles  ami  is  broken  down  under  the  drivinn.  dis- 
ruptive power  of  the  siege  guns.  We  <lo  not  deny  that  venesection  may  be  and 
even  has  been,  sometimes  recklessly  practised,  for  we  are  familiar  with  Hcnalli 
and  Guy  I'atin.  and  Valot  an<l  ('■u;-nault.  rlid gfiiiis  omne,  with  old  Fagon  at  their 
head  ;  but  we  have  heard  iJr.  I'hysick.  in  the  latter  years  of  his  life,  say  that  his 
regret  as  a  professional  man  retiring  from  the  active  pur.suits  of  business  was, 
not  that  he  had  bled  too  much,  but  that  persons  had  died  under  his  care  because 
he  had  failed  to  do  his  whole  duty  in  that  preventive  and  conservative  service  from 
want  ol  the  needful  resolution  and  firmness.  Yet  Dr.  Physick  was  by  no  means 
a  Sangrado.  In  our  young  and  doubting  days  we  often  appealed  to  him  for  heli> 
and  direction  :  and  though  we  had  scrupulously  attended  at  his  lectures  and 
illustrations  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  more  than  once  did  he  terrify  us 
by  the  exhibition  of  his  dash  in  the  practice  of  his  art.  One  instance  out  of 
many  may  illustrate  our  meaning.  It  was  long  ago  that  a  woman  fell  under  our 
charge  laboring  with  a  terrible  conjunctivitis,  one  so  extremely  violent  as  to 
threaten  her  with  loss  of  the  eye  through  ulceration  of  the  cornea,  or  by  a  com- 
plete glaucoma  to  which  it  might  perhaps  have  led.  The  Professor  had  filled  our 
mind  with  a  conviction  that  he  was  right  in  pushing  the  use  of  bloodletting  to 
oulraiHc  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  the  injection-force  of  the  heart  to  a  proper 
balance  with  the  resisting  power  of  the  minute  arteries  and  capillaries  of  the 
conjunctiva.  He  h.ad  instructed  us  to  bleed  daily  until  this  balance  of  forces 
should  be  effected.  Accordingly  Mrs.  Smith,  wlm  was  agonized  with  pain,  was 
duly  bled,  to-day,  to-morrow,  the  next  day  and  next  morning,  and  so  on  until  at 
last  she  fainted  so  badly  that  terror  laiil  hold  on  us,  and  we  fled  for  shelter  and 
for  succor  to  the  good  man's  oflice  in  Fourth  Street.  He  was  very  pale,  very 
sick,  and  very  feeble  ;  yet,  said  he,  "I  will  meet  you  at  Mrs.  Smith's  at  ten 
o'clock  to-morrow  morning." 

Now,  I  declare  that  my  very  copious  and  repeated  bleedings,  and  all  my 
lotions  and  cataplasms  and  eye-waters  had  not  in  the  least  discernible  degree 
lessened  the  pain,  the  engorgement,  or  the  redness  of  Mrs.  S.'s  conjunctiva.  She 
was  half  blind  already,  when,  at  ten  o'clock.  Dr.  P.  accompanied  me  to  her 
darkened  chamber.  "  Give  me  a  little  light  from  yonder  window,"  said  he,  after 
examining  the  i)ulse.  "  Open  the  shutter  a  little  wider."  Then  touching  the  li<!s 
he  looked  into  the  eye,  and,  after  the  briefest  glance  at  it,  said,  "  That  will  do." 
"  Good  morning,  madam,"  and  we  left  the  room. 

"  Now,  Dr.  Physick,"  said  I,  "  I  have  fully  and  boldly  carried  out  your  plan 
in  the  treatment  of  this  ophthalmia,  for  I  have  copiously  bled  my  patient  <laily 
until  I  am  ashamed  and  afraid  to  do  so  again,  because  at  the  last  operation  she 
fainted  so  badly  as  to  greatly  alarm  me.  I  fear  I  am  not  far  from  the  disgrace  of 
losing  an  eye  in  my  practice — a  disaster  I  cannot  contemplate  with  patience. 
What  can  I  possibly  do  now?"  "Who  is  your  bleeder?"  "Mr.  Conrad 
Ripperger."  "  Very  well ;  pray.  Doctor,  send  for  Mr.  Ripperger  to  take  twelve 
ounces  from  the  arm  this  morning,  and  ask  him  to  meet  you  again  at  ten  to-mor- 
row to  bleed  her  again,  provided  she  should  not  appear  very  much  better  at  your 
next  visit." 

I  well  remember  how  shocked  I  was  by  this  decision,  and  that  I  told  him  that 
it  was  very  hard  for  me  to  be  convinced,  but  that  I  willingly  acknowledged  his 
superior  wisdom  and  authority. 

454 


Mrs.  S.  haviiis  been  duly  bled,  Mr.  Ripijertjer  was  on  hand  at  the  appointed 
hour  of  the  folloHUiK  day  ;  and  truer  words  were  never  spoken  than  these,  that    Address  by 
on  looking  into  the  eye,  I  could  discover  only  faint  traces  of  the  very  violent  and    p^   Meigs, 
obstinate  inflammation,  for  virtually   she   was   cured   already.     Mr.  R.   did   not 
repeat  his  operation,  and  Mrs.  Smith's  eye  was  shortly  and  perfectly  restored  to 
health. 

Many  and  many  were  the  instances  of  dangerous  ophthalmia  that  I  treated 
successfully  in  that  line  afterwards — a  line  in  which  I  should  have  continued  to 
fight  it,  were  it  not  that  I  many  years  afterwards  learned  that  nitrate  of  silver 
may  be  so  posologically  adjusted  as  to  give  to  its  contacts  a  destructive,  an  altera- 
tiveor  curative,  or  an  indifferent,  force  at  my  option.  The  important  invention 
of  the  applicability  of  nitrate  of  silver  to  all  accessible  superficial  inflammations, 
set  aside  the  common  necessity  and  indispensability  of  venesection  to  that  degree 
that  might  have  ravished  with  joy  and  triumjih  the  best  bleeders  of  the  court  of 
Louis  XIV,  or  of  the  Virgin  Queen's  at  the  courtship  of  the  Duke  D'Alenfon. 
Anybody  may  understand  this  who  will  read  Guy  Patin's  letters,  or  Botalli's 
book. 

If  the  relation  of  this  incident  should  happily  serve  to  amuse  or  interest  the 
reader  as  illustrating  the  modes  of  now  long-gone  years,  we  may  venture  to  hope 
that  the  following  anecdote  mav  in  like  manner  be  accepted  as  a  slight  yet  not 
unwelcome  illustration.  We  for  our  part  should  be  very  glad  in  the  possession  of 
a  diary  filled  with  the  whole  aspects  and  words  of  the  Bonds,  the  Jones's,  the 
Redmans,  Kuhns,  and  indeed  of  every  man  who  has  served  in  the  Hospital  from 
1755  until  now. 

It  was  in  the  early  winter  days  of  1S12  that,  along  with  a  crowd  of  fellows 
from  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia,  the  Carolinas,  and  Georgia,  as  well  as 
the  great  West,  we  were  walking  the  Hospital  at  the  heels  of  our  venerable 
master,  Professor  Benjamin  Rush.  We  had  come  out  of  the  door  of  the  east  or 
cross  building  in  the  second  story  and  were  passing  now  into  the  men's  medical 
ward.  Dr.  Rush  pushed  open  the  door  and  was  stepping  into  the  ward  when  he 
suddenly  stopped,  and  looking  back  upon  us,  the  crowd,  said,  '■  Stop  a  moment, 
young  gentlemen,  if  you  please  ;  I  have  an  instruction  to  give  you  as  we  stand 
here  at  the  door."  Then,  pointing  diagonally  over  the  ward  to  its  northwest 
corner,  he  continued,  "  Please  to  look  yonder,  in  the  corner  of  the  room  where 
that  poor  man  lies  who  has  been  so  long  and  so  dangerously  ill.  I  wish  you  to 
note  that  he  is  now  lying  upon  his  side.  Thai's  all  for  the  present.  I  call  your 
attention  to  the  circumstance  now,  but  purpose  to  explain  myself  more  fully 
when  we  reach  his  bedside  in  due  order." 

Probably  not  one  of  us  had  the  least  idea  of  what  he  meant  and  we  continued 
to  press  around  and  near  him  as  he  went  from  bed  to  bed  on  either  side  of  the 
ward,  explaining  to  us  the  state  and  meaning  of  the  symptoms  and  the  indica- 
tions, until  at  length  we  came  together  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  ward,  at 
the  couch  of  the  sui)posed  hopeless  case  of  nervous  fever. 

The  patient,  ill  with  what  in  that  day  (so  long  before  M.  LouisI  was  known  as 
nervous,  but  now  recognized  as  typhoid,  fever,  had  been  found  at  every  successive 
visit  growing  more  and  more  hopelessly  ill,  and  having  been  for  several  days  pro- 
foundly insensible,  lying  always  upon  the  back,  without  power  to  move,  led  us 
to  expect  his  de.ath  ;  but  now,  when  we  again  stood  around  his  couch.  Dr.  Rush 
said,  "  You  remember,  young  gentlemen,  th.it  when  we  entered  the  ward  by 
yonder  door,  I  stopped,  and  called  your  attentiou  to  the  fact  that  this  man  was 
lying  on  his  side,  as  you  now  perceive,  and  this  was  the  first  time  for  many  days. 
I  took  it  for  granted  that  his  strength  was  increased,  as  he  could  not  have  done 
so  else ;  for  a  man  in  a  low  nervous  fever,   entirely   insensible,   and   barely  still 

45.'; 


alive,  can  liy  iiu  iiK-ans  iliaiij;i-  his  dorsal  to  a  lateral  <ki  iiliitus.  I  was  imuli 
AcUlrtss  In  P''^'"'"^''li  K<^"'l'-'">i^'ii.  lo  xl'SiTvi.- this  favorable  oiiieii  from  tliu  iloor  ami  now  yon 
Dr  Meijis.  **''"  '""'  ''•''  '"''  l'"'**^'  '"'•  l>reatliinK,  liis  iinprovi-d  animation,  for  he  actually 
recognizes  and  speaks  to  us,  that  lie  is  decidedly  better,  leading  lis  to  expect  that 
the  crisis  is  past,  and  that  he  will  entirely  recover  ere  long."  The  man  did 
recover,  but  we  never  lost  any  part  of  thai  simple,  undertoiied,  but  deep-graved 
lesson  in  diagnosis  and  prognosis.  If  Dr.  I'liysick  taught  us  connnon  sense  about 
sore  knuckles,  I>r.  Rush  latiglu  us  connnon  sense  on  the  decubitus  of  sick  people, 
on  their  gestures  and  the  whole  expression  of  the  figure. 

This  was  the  way  in  which  the  good  man  taught  us  to  turn  "  niony  a  pickle 
into  monv  a  niickle."  The  little  incident  fruclilied  ill  our  intelligence  for  more 
than  fifty-five  years  of  practice  and  ofltiines  gui<led  us,  and  gui<lcd  us  surely 
and  safely  in  the  obscure  and  devious  paths  of  our  medical  observations  and 
actions. 

It  appears  to  be  true  to  say  thai  the  hospital  never  has  boasted  herself  of  !ier 
numerous,  various,  and  brilliant  operations  in  surgery,  her  prophetic  prognoses, 
or  her  miraculous  diagnosticalions  and  tlieraiieutic  triumphs,  unless  it  were  that 
somehow  the  rumor  got  abroad  that  she  was  proud  of  the  conservative  surgery, 
which  if  not  created  and  carried  out,  was  at  least  set  ujion  its  plinth  by  Ur.  J. 
Rhea  Barton,  where  we  hope  it  may  forever  stand  firm  anil  immovable. 

Brief  sketches  of  the  lives  and  services  of  the  members  of  the 
Medical  and  Surgical  Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  its 
foundation  to  the  present  time  are  appended  to  this  section.  Before 
taking  up  the  biographies,  it  seems  proper  to  consider  briefly  the 
system  of  medical  instruction  and  lectures  at  the  Hospital. 
The  Medical  ^"  ''^"^  iiistory  of  medical  education  in  this  coimtry,  the  Medical 

Stafl' and  Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  has  played  a  prominent  and  highly 
Medical  honorable  part.^  From  the  very  inception  of  this  benevolent  cnter- 
eaciing.  p^jgg^  ^Y^^,  "practice  of  the  house"  has  been  always  held  in  the 
highest  esteem,  and  its  value  as  a  means  of  imparting  instruction  has 
been  fully  recognized.  The  medical  demonsiraiions,  surgical  o|)era- 
tions  and  scientific  lectures  occurring  within  its  walls,  offered  educa- 
tional o|)portunities  to  medical  stmlents  and  even  to  physicians  of 
the  infant  commonwealth,  which  were  eagerly  sought  after,  as,  it 
being  at  that  time,  the  only  place  in  the  country  where  such  facilities 
were  ofifered.  Its  medical  library  and  museum,  for  many  years,  con- 
tained the  only  considerable  collection  of  books  and  of  jjathological 
specimens,  and  other  suitable  material  for  illustrating  medical  lectures, 
to  be  found  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  ocean. 

'I'he  future  use  of  the  Institution  in  the  service  of  medical  educa- 
tion, apjiears  to  have  been  taken  into  consideration,  as  early  as 
April  13,  1752,  when  the  Managers  adopted  a  series  of  "  Rules  to  be 
Observed  in  the  Choice  of  Physicians,"  in  which  it  is  stipulated 
(in  Article  VJ)  that,  "Each  Apprentice,  or  other  student  the  Prac- 


'  See  pages  439  /■/  seguitur. 


titioners  shall  introduce  to  see  the  Practice  of  the  Hospital,  shall  jiay 

one  English  Guinea,  or  Thirty-four  shillings  current  money,  per  year,    The  Hospital 

to  be  laid  out  in   Medicines."     The  degree  of  appreciation  of  the^e   Encouraxcs 

°  1         •    /•  1    Medical 

advantages  by  the  j^rofession  and  the  Managers,  may  be  inferred  Education, 
from  the  fact  that,  in  1791,  the  Board,  by  formal  resolution,  tendered 
to  the  President,  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  "  the 
use  of  the  Books  in  the  Medical  Library  of  the  Hospital  and  the 
Privilege  of  attending  the  Practice  of  the  House."  Whereupon  it 
appears,  by  the  correspondence,  that  the  offer  was  formally  accepted 
by  the  College,  with  thanks. 

College  of  Phvsichns, 

December  6,  1791. 

Read  an  extract  from  the  Minutes  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  offering  to  tlie  President  of  the  College,  for  the  time  being,  the 
Use  of  the  Books  in  the  medical  Library  of  the  Hospital,  and  the  Privilege  of 
attending  the  Practice  of  the  House — 

On  which  it  was  resolved,  That  the  Secretary  be  directed  to  present  the 
Thanks  of  the  College  to  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital  for  this  Mark  of  their 
polite  .Attention  to  the  College. 

E.xtracted  from  the  Minutes. 

Samuel  Powel  Griffiths,  Sfcnlaiy. 

Again,  in  1799,  the  privilege  of  using  the  Library  is  tendered  to   The  use  ot 

"  the  Presidents  of  the  University,  College  of  Ph\sicians,  Academy   ""=  Library 

of  Medicine,  Medical  Society  and  the  Chemical  Societv  of  Philadel-   '   ." 

'  •'  -  privilege. 

])hia,"    in  compliance   with   the   following   formal   reciuest   from   the 
Medical  Staff: 

We  recommend  tliat  the  privilege  of  using  the  Library  at  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  be  given  to  the  Presidents  of  the  University,  College  of  Physicians, 
Academy  of  Medicine,  Medical  Society  &  the  Chemical  Society  of  Philadelphia, 
for  the  time  being.  Subject  to  the  Rules  thereoi. 

Thom.as  Pakkic, 
Bexj.  Rush, 
C.  WiSTAK,  Jr.NR., 
B.  S.  Barton, 
\V.  Shippen, 
Philip  S.  Physick. 
Penn'a  Hosi'ITAI.,  June  12,  1799. 

The  library,  it  should  be  explained,  had  received  some  donations   The  Medical 
and  bequests  of  books  bv  physicians,  but  was  mainly  established  with    L't"'»''>'  sup- 

,.,.,,..,  ,.,  ji  ported  by  the 

the  income  derived  from  the  sale  of  tickets  for  lectures  and  the  sums  physicians, 
paid  by  students  for  attending  the  practice  of  the  house.  The  fees 
from  each  of  these  were  according  to  custom  in  the  European  hospitals, 
in  reality  the  perquisites  of  the  medical  staff;  but  the  physicians  not 
only  offered  their  gratuitous  services  to  attend  patients,  but  also  con- 
sented to  lecture  to  students,  without  remuneration,  (mly  stipulating  that 

457 


the  fees  should  be  devoted  to  tlie  maintenance  of  a  Medical  Library. 
A  l.ir«i- and    Under  the  judicious  administration  of   the  Managers  and  fostering 
valuabk-  ^^^^  ^f  jj^^  medical  staff,  the   Library   in   a  short   time   l)ecamc   the 
Collection  of       ..,,,.  ,         ,.     ,  ,       ,      ^  ■       ,  ■ 

Books    l"''"'^'!'^'  collection  of  medical  works  of  reference  in  this  coiiniry,  and 

for  many  years  subsequently  it  continued  to  be  the  largest  individual 
collection  of  medical  books  in  the  United  States.  Even  at  present, 
it  continues  unique  in  its  possession  of  rare  and  valuable  works  and 
of  many  complete  files  of  medical  journals,  which  cannot  be  now 
duplicated.  The  history  of  the  Library  has  been  given  on  another 
page  ;  this  mention  is  necessary  in  order  to  show  its  relation  to  medi- 
cal teachini;  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  to  which  the  Library  has 
always  been  a  valuable  adjunct.  On  the  other  hand,  no  consideration 
of  the  medical  library  would  be  com])lete  without  reference  to  the 
lectures,  which  for  a  long  time  were  delivered  in  the  same  room,  and 
were  illustrated  by  the  plates  and  models  belonging  to  the  Library 
and  Museum. 
The  first  ^^    Stated    at    the    commencement    of    this    section,    medical 

Course  of  education   in    this  country  received   its  first  impulse  and  encourage- 

Leciiireson   nient    from    the    members  of   the    medical  staff  of  this  institution. 

Medicine  in  j-j^.  'phQp,^^  Cadwalader,  the  Provincial  Counsellor,  and  afterwards 
one  of  the  ])hysicians  to  the  Hospital,  gave  the  first  course  of  medical 
lectures  delivered  in  the  Western  hemisphere,  before  a  cla<s  of  Phila- 
delphia physicians  and  students,  as  already  stated  (page  446).  One 
of  his  hearers,  Dr.  William  Shippen,  who  received  his  medical 
training  in  the  Province,  conceived  the  idea  of  giving  his  own  son 
such  superior  advantages  as  would  qualify  him  to  continue  this  work 
of  medical  teaching  under  better  ausjjices.  After  completing  a  course 
of  study  aliroad,  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  began  his  ]niblic  lectures 
in  Philadelphia  in  May,  1762.  The  lectures  have  become  historical, 
since  they  were  the  first  systematic  anatomical  course  ever  given  in 
tliis  country.  It  is  probable,  owing  to  Dr.  Shii)]ien's  predilection  for 
ol)stetrics,  that  he  especially  taught  the  ])ractical  application  of 
anatomy  to  his  favorite  study,  since  Prof.  T.  Gaillard  Thomas,  in  a 
contribution  to  "A  Century  of  American  Medicine,"  in  which  he 
reviews  the  progress  of  obstetrics  and  gynecology,'  states  that  "in 
1762  Dr.  Shippen  delivered  a  course  on  obstetrics."  His  course  on 
midwifery  may  have  been  sujiplementary  to  that  on  anatomy,  but  the 
probability  is  that  the  same  course  of  lectures  is  referred  to  under 
these  different  titles.  Atall  events,  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  has  had 
the  honor  assigned  him  of  inaugurating,  upon  this  continent,  systematic 
lectures  upon  these  two,  important  branches  of  medical  science. 

I  Supplement  to  the  "  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,"  Philadelphia,  1876. 

458 


The  lectures  of  Dr.   William  Shippen,  Jr.,   though  not  at  first 
delivered  at  the  Hospital,  were  shortly  afterwards,  for  by  invitation  of  i^'-  William 
the  Maragers,  he  attended  the  Museum,  at  stated  times,  "to  explain   ^li'PPj^".  Jr., 

°  ,     ,,  *  attends  at 

the  preparations  and  models.    ^  ^l^^^  Hospital 

In  order  to  prove  the  intimate  connection  between  the  Hospital  Museum  to 
and  Dr.  Shippen's  first  course  in  anatomy,  it  is  only  necessary  to  Lecture, 
recall  the  fact  that  Dr.  John  Fothergill,  of  London,  (whose  acquaint- 
ance Dr.  Shippen  had  made  while  abroad,)  not  only  donated  (July  27, 
1762),  the  first  book  to  the  Hospital  Library  "  for  the  benefit  of  the 
young  students  who  may  attend  imder  the  direction  of  the  physi- 
cians," but  also  founded  the  museum  by  his  generous  gift  of  seven 
cases  of  anatomical  drawings  and  casts  (which  were  then  valued  at 
^350).  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  September  nth,  certain 
provisional  rules  were  adopted  '*  regulating  admission  to  the  Museum 
and  attendance  at  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr. 's  Lectures,  until  Dr.  Fother- 
gilTs  desire  on  the  subject  is  ascertained."  Dr.  Fothergill  soon  after, 
in  a  letter  to  one  of  the  Managers,  Mr.  James  Pemberton,  Jr.,  ex- 
]jressed  his  desire  and  suggested  that  "  Dr.  William  Shi])pen,  Jr.,  give 
a  course  of  anatomical  lectures  at  the  Hospital,  using  the  anatomical 
drawings  and  casts  he  presented  the  Hospital,  in  demonstration. ^ 
It  appears  that  it  was  at  Dr.  Shippen's  suggestion  that  the  Managers 


•  In  the  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.,  it  is  noted  that  in  1765,  Dr.  Ship- 
pen  began  a  course  ofleclures  on  midwifery  to  men  and  women  both,  and  eslablishe<l  a  lying- 
in-hospital,  at  the  same  time.  November  17,  1S02,  Dr.  T.  Chalkley  James  and  Dr.  Church 
gave  the  first  regular  course  of  lectures  on  Obstetrics  in  a  Medical  College  in  thel^'niied  States 
and  opened  a  lying-in  ward  in  the  Almshouse.  The  lying-in  department  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  was  opened  a  month  later. 

'  Dr.  Fothergiirs  letter  is  quoted  to  greater  length  in  Scharf&  Westcott's  History  of 
Philadelphia.    (\ 'ol.  It.  p.  i=S6) : 

"  I  need  not  tell  thee  that  the  knowledge  of  Anatomy  is  of  exceeding  great  use  to  practi- 
tioners in  physic  and  surgery,  and  that  the  means  of  procuring  suhjects  with  you  are  not  easy. 
Some  pretty  accurate  anatomical  drawings,  about  half  as  big  as  the  life,  have  fallen  into  my 
hands,  which  I  propose  to  send  to  your  hospital  to  be  under  the  care  of  the  physicians,  and  to 
be  by  them  e.xplained  to  the  students  and  pupils  who  may  attend  the  hospital.  In  the  want  of 
rea!  subjects  these  will  have  their  use,  atid  I  have  recommended  to  Dr.  Shippen  to  give  a 
course  of  anatomical  lectures  to  such  as  may  attend.  He  is  very  well  qualified  for  the  subject, 
and  will  soon  be  followed  by  an  able  assistant.  Dr.  Morgan,  both  of  w  horn  I  apprehend,  will 
not  only  he  useftd  to  the  Province  in  their  employments,  but  if  suitably  countenamcd  by  the 
Legislature,  will  be  able  lo  erect  a  school'of  physic  among  you  that  msy  draw  students  from 
various  parts  of  America  and  the  West  Indies,  and  at  least  furnish  them  with  a  better  idea  of 
the  rudiments  of  their  profession  than  they  have  at  present  the  means  of  acquiring  on  your 
side  of  the  water." 

Dr.  Morgan  arrived  two  years  after  Dr.  Shippen  began  his  lectures,  and  eventually 
Dr.  Fothergill's  hypothetical  possibility  became  an  accomplished  fact,  in  the  founding  by  these 
accompiishetl  teachers  of  medicine  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, which  now  attracts  students  from  various  parts  of  America  and  the  West  Indies,  in 
larger  numbers  than  the  sagacious  London  pliysician  ever  dreamed  of. 

459 


Till-  M;ma- 

Ki-rs  acivpt 

Dr.  Sliippcn's 

ofTtT  to 

atti'iul  and 

luctiirc  ill  tlie 

Musi'um. 


decided   to   treat  these  lectures  as  a  source  of  revenue.      For   it   is 
recorded  on  the  minutes  of  May  17,  lyCij.  that 

Doct.  William  Sliippcn  Junr.  atti-mled  and  proposed  tliat  an  advantaRe  may 
arise  to  the  Hospital  liy  the  .Anatomical  Drawings  S:  casts  presented  by  Dr.  Foth- 
i-r){ill.  He  offered  his  services  to  attend  twice  in  a  month  to  give  some  general 
e.splanation  thereof  to  such  Persons  who  may  he  desirous  to  view  them,  the  Board 
approving  ol  the  Doctor's  Kind  Intention,  the  following  advertisement  proposed 
by  him  was  agreed  to  be  published  in  the  Ne.xt  "  Gazette,"  viz.: 

"The  Generous  Donation  of  Doctr.  Fothergill  of  London  to  the  I'ennsyl- 
vania  Hospital  of  a  Seit  of  Anatomical  I'aintings  &  Castings  in  plaister  of  I'aris 
representing  different  views  ol  the  several  parts  of  the  human  body,  being  now 
deposited  in  a  Convenient  Chamlier  of  the  Hospital,  as  there  may  be  many 
Persons  besides  Students  in  IMiysick  desirous  to  gain  some  general  knowledge  of 
the  structure  of  the  human  body. 

"  Dr.  William  Shippen  Jr.  proposes  to  attend  there  on  the  Seventh  Day  of  the 
Week  the  2ist  inst.  at  5  o'clock  P.  M.  and  once  a  fortnight  on  the  same  ilay  of  the 
week,  at  the  same  hour  during  the  slimmer  season,  to  ex|)lain  and  demonstrate  to 
such  persons  who  are  willing  to  give  a  Dollar  each  for  the  benefit  ol  the 
Hospital." 

To  show  that  this  was  not  intended  as  an  e.xchisive  priviiefje,  the 
Managers  adopted  the  following  general  regulation  : 

Any  Professor  of  .Anatomy  being  desirous  to  exhibit  lectures,  he  is  to  apply  to 
the  .Managers  in  attendance  for  Liberty. 

In  order  to  limit  the  attendance  upon  the    lectures    and    demon- 
strations to  those  who  would    be  most  likely   to    ])rofit    liy    them,   the 
following  rule  was  adopted  at  the  same  meeting: 
.All  pupils  attending  lectures  are  to  pay  a  pistole  each. 

As  a  number  of  "  Students  in  Physic"  were  observed  to  be 
attending  the  wards  at  the  time  of  the  attending  jihysicians'  visits 
"  with  a  view  to  imiirove  themselves  in  experience,"  the  M.magers 
resolved  (May  10,  ivC),^)  that 

It  is  the  unanimous  opinion  ul  the  Hoard  that  such  ol  them  at  Uasl  who  are 
not  apprentices  to  the  Physicians  of  the  House,  should  pay  a  proper  Gratuity  for 
the  Benefit  of  the  Hospital  for  their  jiriviledge,  the  consideration  of  Stipulating 
the  sum  is  referred  to  the  next  board  after  consulting  w'tli  y'e  Physicians. 

Students  The  minutes  of  the  following  meeting  (May  31,  1765,)   contain 

required  to  a  letter  from  the  attending   Physicians,   which  e.xhibits  their  disinter- 
pay  for  estednessand  liberality  iri  a  very  honorable  light  and  at  the  same  time 
Privileges.    |,fQ^.^.s  j}^^^^  [j^gy  „.gre  fully  conscious  of  what  was  due   to  their  profes- 
sional standing  and  dignity.     The  meeting  evidently  was  the  first  one 
after  the  Annual  Election  of  Managers  and  Physicians: 

51110  2.sih,  176). 
It  appears  that  the  Physicians  chosen  were  informed  thereof  and  have  agreed 
to  undertake  the  Service  this  year.     .A  Copy  of  the  Minuleoriasl  board  respecting 


460 


tlif  Students  who  attt-iul  tin-  w;ii<ls  at  tin-  tinu-  ul  tin-  visitiiiK  tlic  Patients  having 
been  coninuinirated  to  them  :  Doctr.  Thomas  Bond  an<l  Dr.  Cadw.  Kvans  now 
attended  and  Informed  The  board  that  the  several  Physkians  have  met  &  con- 
sidered the  same  &  committed  tlieir  Sentiments  tlureim  to  writing  wliic  li  they 
delivered  &  was  read,  it  being  as  follows,  viz.  : 

Pim.ADA.,  May  31st,  1763.  physicians 

Upon  considering  the  Minute  of  tlie  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania   Hospital  recommend 

made  the  loth  of  5  mo.  1763,  relative  to  those  Stu<lents  who  attend  the  Wards  of  ^.],^fg{„g 

said  Hospital,   It  is  our  Opinion  tliat  each  Student  who   is  not    an   Apprentice  to  c;(„jents  a 

one  of  the  Physicians  attending  the  House  shall  pay  si.x  Pistoles  as  a  Gratuity  for  j^^atuity  to 

that  Priviledge  That  the  Managers  &   Doctors  in  Attendance  for  the  time  being  f^unj  ;, 

shall  be  the  judges  who  are  proper  to  be  admitted  or  refused,    .^nd  further,  as  the  ]vI(.,li(.;^| 

Custom  of  most  of  the  Hospitals  in  (ireat   Britain    has  given   such  Gratuities  to  j jij^ary. 
the  I'liysicians  and  Surgeons  attending  them,  we  think  it  properly  belongs  to  us 
to  appropriate  the  Money  arising  from  thence.     And  propose  to  apply   it  to  the 
founding  a  Medical  Library  in  the  said  Hospital,  which  we  judge  will  tend  greatly 
to  the  Advantage  of  the  Pupils  iV  the  Honour  of  the  Institution. 

Thos.  Bond, 

ThOS.  CAIJWAI,.\nER, 

Phineas  Bond, 
Cad.  Evans. 

After  Consideration  whereof  tlie  board  agrees  to  the  Proposal  in  respect  to 
the  terms  upon  which  Students  in  Physic  are  to  be  admitted  to  attend  the  wards  ; 
the  Gratuity  for  which  to  be  paid  the  treasurer,  and  in  Regard  to  the  Proposal 
for  a  Medical  Library,  that  such  books  as  are  purchased  should  be  approved  of 
by  the  Managers,  as  likewise  the  manner  in  which  they  are  to  be  lent  out. 

Although  Dr.  Shippen's  anatomical  lectures  were  given  in  accord- 
ance with  Dr.  Fothergill's  stiggcstion,  and  the  plates  and  casts  tised 

to  illustrate  them,  and   the  attending  physicians  annually  delivered   ^'■»i'^ge''s 

,  1  11  /-I        attend 

lectures  m   the  wards  to  the  students  attendmg  the  practice  of  the    p^.  ^^^^y^ 

house,  it  was   not  until    1766,  that   the  suggestion  was  made  to  the    First  Intro- 
Managers  by  Dr.  Thomas   Bond,   that  a  regular  course  of  clinical    ductory 
lectures  at  the  Hospital  should  be  instituted.      In  order  to  secure  his   '-^•<""'e. 
point,  Dr.  Bond,  it  seems,  very  judiciously  invited  the  Managers  to 
meet  at   his  house   to   hear  his  "  Essay  on   the   Utility  of  Clinical 
Lectures."     Their  consent  appears   to  have  been  secured,  since  Dr. 
Bond    delivered    his    Introductory  Lecture    to   a   course  of   clinical 
observations,    a  copy    of   which  was    subsequently  presented  to    the 
Managers  and  deposited  in  the  Library.' 

^  That  the  lectures  were  a  source  of  considerable  revenue  to  the  Institntion  is  evident 
from  some  of  the  occasional  entries  which  appear  from  time  to  time  in  the  mitultcs  of  the 
Board  of  Managers.  For  instance,  Ftbruary  23,  1801,  it  is  recorded  that  "  Tlie  Medical  Fuiui 
is  to  be  charged  with  finishing  and  furnishing  the  Apothecary  shop  in  Ihe  south-east  room  of 
the  Centre  building.  The  proceeds  of  lectures  lo  be  given  by  Dr  Physick  to  be  appropriated 
for  the  same  purpose  "  January  3,  1S05,  "  I'bc  Physicians  recommend  the  finishing  of  Ihe 
circular  room  and  two  private  rooms  adjoitring  it:  towards  completing  wliich  they  agree  that 
I300  per  annum  shall  be  appropriated  for  the  next  four  or  five  years  out  of  the  Medical  Fund." 
February  27,  tSo4,  the  Building  Commitice  repiint-il  that  "the  3d  floor  circular  room  hati 

461 


The  Managers  were  forinall)  invited  to  attend  theo|)ening  lecture 
of  Dr.  Bund's  course,  and  liked  the  discourse  su  well  that  they 
ordered  it  to  l;e  inscribed  at  length  upon  the  minutes. 

(In  llic  26tli  of  tin.-   I  all  Miiiilh   1766,  in  pursiiiuiif  of  tlie  Siinunoiis  of  the- 

silting  .Maiiagi-rs,  all  llii-  iiiaiiaj;iTs  (i-xcept  Uaiiii-1  Robtrdeau  &  John  Miase)  nu-t 

at  tlif  house  of  Dr.  Thomas  Hond  toKethi-r  with  the  followiuK  Physicians,  viz. : 

Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  IJr.  Cadwaladi-r,  IJr.  Shippun,  Dr.  Redman,  Dr.  Kvans.     And 

Doctor  Thomas  Bond  read  in  our  i>resence  an  Kssay  on  the  "  I'tility  of  Clinical 

Lectures,  and  a  plan  for  e.xecuting  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the  Students  in 

Physic,  and  promoting  the  Kood  purposes  of  this  Institution  ;  "  which  is  ordered 

to  be  inserted  on  tile  Minutes  of  this  Board,  beinj;  as  follows,  viz.  : 

Or   Thos  When  I  consider  the  unskilful  hands  the  Practice  of  Physic  &  Surgery  has  of 

Bond's  In-    "ecessity  been  Committed  to,  in  many  parts  of  America,  it  gives  me  pleasure  to 

trodii  t   rv    '"■'''"'''  *"  many  Worthy  Young   Men,  training   up  in    those   professions,  which, 

,      ,  ._  '     from  the  nature  of  their  Objects,  are  the  most  inttristiiig  to  the  Communitv,  and 
1-ecture.  ^  '^  -  ' 

yet  a  great  pleasure  in  foreseeing,  that  tile  iinparalled  public  Spirit,  of  the  Good 

People  of  this  Province,  will  shortly  make  Philadelphia  the  Athens  of  America, 

and   Render  the  Sons  of  Pennsylvania,  reputable  amongst  the  most  celebrated 

Europeans,  in  all  the  liberal  .Arts  and  Sciences.     This  I  am  at  present  certain  of, 

that  the  institutions  of  Literature  &  Charity,  already  fouiuled,  Jt  the  School  of 

Physic   lately  open'd    in   this   City  alTord   Sufiict.   Foundation   for  the  Students 

of  Physic    to    accjuire    all    the    Knowledge   necessary  for  their  practising  every 

Branch  of  their  professions,  respectably,  and  Judiciously. 

The  great  E.vpeiici.-  in  going  from  America,  to  Europe,  &  thence  from  Country 
to  Country,  &  Colledge  to  Colledge,  in  (Juust  of  Medical  (Qualifications,  is  often  a 
Barr  to  the  ciiltivation  of  the  Brightest  (ieniuses  amongst  us,  who  might  other- 
wise be  Morning  Stars  in  their  jirofessions,  &  most  useful  Members  of  Society. 
Besides  every  Climate  i>roduces  Diseases  peculiar  to  itself,  wliich  re<|uire 
experience  to  understand  and  Cure  ;  &  even  the  Diseases  of  the  several  Seasons 
in  the  Same  Countrv,  are  found  to  differ  so  much  some  Years,  from  wh.at  they 
were  in  others,  that  Sydenham,  the  most  Sagacious  Physician  that  ever  lived, 
acknowledged  that  he  was  often  ditTiculted  au<l  much  mistaken  in  the  treatment 
of  Epedemics  for  sometime  after  their  appearance. 

No  Country  then  can  be  so  proper  for  the  instruction  of  Youth  in  the  Knowl- 
edge of  Physic,  as  that  in  which  'tis  to  be  practised  ;  where  the  precei>ts  of  never 
failing  Experience  are  handed  down  from  Father  to  Son,  from  Tutor  to  Pupil. 

That  this  is  not  a  Speculative  opinion,  but  real  Matter  of  Fact,  may  be 
proven  from  the  Savages  of  America,  who  without  the  assistance  of  Literature 
have  been  found  possessed  of  Skill  in  the  Cure  of  Diseases  incident  to  their 
Climate,  Superior  to  tlie  Regular  bred,  and  most  learned  Physicians,  S:  that  from 
their  discoveries  the  present  practice  of  Physic  h.as  been  enrich'd  with  some  of 
the  most  valuable  Medicines  now  in  use. 


been  5iiished  for  some  time  and  Lectures  have  been  fi^iven  and  one  operation  performed 
therein."  A  Ihousand  dollars  was  appropriated  from  the  Muclical  Fund  for  this  imprnvc- 
ment  in  the  means  for  imparting  instruction  at  the  Hospital,  bill  some  other  appropriations 
from  Ibis  Fund  had  liule  if  any  connection  with  either  lectures  or  students.  March  25.  1811. 
Ibe  east  lot  was  fiiiisbcd  with  railiiiRS,  and  a  niontb  later,  the  whole  square  cast  of  the 
Hospital  was  fenced  in,  an<l  that  pait  of  Ibe  fence  on  Ktelitb  Street,  (except  atiout  i?o  feel)  was 
charged  also  to  Ibe  Me<li<  al  Fund.  The  Rreatest  indivi<hial  dralt  on  the  Fund  was  that  of 
528,000  for  the  Clinical  .\nit»hilhealre,  erected  in  1868.  while  Ibe  Library  has  iteeii  established 
and  supported  also  from  Ihis  Fund  until  the  present  lime. 

462 


Therefore  from  Principles  of  Patriotism  and  Humanity,  the  Physic  School 
here,  should  meet  all  the  protection  and  Encouragement,  the  Friends  of  their 
Country,  &  Well  Wishers  of  Mankind  can  possibly  give  it.  Though  'tis  yet  in  its 
Infancy  from  the  Judicious  Treatment  of  it's  Guardians,  it  is  alrcadj'  become  A 
forward  Child,  &  has  the  promising  appearance  of  soon  arriving  to  a  Vigorous  Sc 
Healthful  Maturity.  The  Professors  in  it  at  present  are  few  ;  but  their  depart- 
ments include  the  most  Essential  parts  of  Education  ;  Another,  whose  dis- 
tinguish'd  Abilities  will  do  honour  to  his  Country  and  the  Institution,  is  E.\pected 
to  join  them  in  the  Spring  ;  .\nd  I  think  he  has  little  Faith  who  can  doubt  that 
so  good  an  undertaking  will  ever  fail  of  .Additional  Strength,  &  a  Providential 
Blessing.  And  I  am  Certain  nothing  would  gfve  me  so  much  pleasure,  as  to  have 
it  in  my  Power  to  contribute  the  least  mite  towards  it's  perfect  Establishment. 

The  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  is  well  Qualified  for  the  Task  ; 
his  Dissections  are  Accurate  and  Elegant,  &  his  Lectures,  Learned,  Judicious, 
&  Clear. 

The  Professor  of  the  Theory  &  Practice  of  Physic  has  had  the  best  opportu- 
nities of  improvement,  join'd  to  Genious  &  application,  &  cannot  fail  of  giving 
Necessary  &  instructive  Lessons  to  the  Pupils. 

The  Field  this  Gentleman  undertakes  is  very  E.xtensive,  &  has  many  difficul- 
ties which  may  mislead  the  Footsteps  of  an  uncautioned  Traveller,  therefore 
Lectures,  in  which  the  different  Parts  of  the  Theory  &  Practice  of  Physic  are 
Judiciously  classed  and  systematically  e.xplain'd,  will  prevent  many  Perple.\ities 
the  Student  would  otherwise  be  Embarrassed  with,  will  unfold  the  Doors  of 
Knowledge,  and  be  of  great  use  in  directing  &  abridging  his  future  Studies,  Vet 
there  is  something  further  wanting,  he  must  Join  E.xamples  with  Study,  before  he 
can  be  sufficiently  qualified  to  prescribe  for  the  Sick  ;  for  Language  &  Books 
alone,  can  never  give  him  Adequate  Ideas  of  Diseases,  &  the  best  methods  of 
Treating  them.  For  which  reasons  Infirmaries  are  Justly  reputed  the  Grand 
Theatres  of  Medical  Knowledge. 

There,  the  Clinical  professor  comes  in  to  the  .Aid  of  Speculation  &  demon- 
strates the  Truth  of  Theory  by  Facts  :  he  meets  his  Pupils  at  stated  times  in  the 
Hospital,  And  when  a  case  presents  adapted  to  his  purpose,  he  asks  all  tliose 
Questions  which  lead  to  a  certain  knowledge  of  the  Disease,  &  parts  Affected, 
this  he  does  in  the  most  exact  and  particular  manner,  to  convince  the  Students 
how  many,  &  what  minute  Circumstances  are  often  necessary  to  form  a  judgment 
of  the  Curative  indications,  on  which,  the  Safety  &  Life  of  the  Patient  depend, 
from  all  which  Circumstanees  and  the  present  Symptoms,  he  pronounces  what 
the  Disease  is,  whether  it  is  Curable  or  Incurable,  in  what  manner  it  ought  to  be 
treated,  and  gives  his  reasons  from  Authority  or  E.\perience  for  all  he  says  on 
the  Occasion  ;  and  if  the  Disease  baffles  the  power  of  Art,  and  the  Patient  falls  a 
Sacrifice  to  it,  he  then  brings  his  knowledge  to  the  Test,  &  fi.ves  Honour  or 
discredit  on  his  Reputation  by  e.\posing  all  the  Morbid  parts  to  View,  and  Demon- 
strates by  what  means  it  produced  Death  ;  and  if  perchance  he  finds  something 
unsuspected,  which  betrays  an  Error  in  Judgment,  he  like  a  great  &  good  .Man. 
immediately  acknowledges  the  mistake,  and,  for  the  benefit  of  survivors,  points 
out  other  methods  by  which  it  might  have  been  more  happily  Treated  ; — Thelattir 
part  of  this  P'ield  of  Tuition  is  the  surest  method  of  obtaining  just  Ideas  of 
Diseases.  The  great  Boerhaave  was  so  attentive  to  it,  that  he  was  not  only 
present  at  the  opening  of  Human  Bodies,  but  frequently  attended  the  Slaughter 
Houses  in  Leyden,  to  E.xamine  the  Carcases  of  Beasts ;  and  being  asked  by  a 
learn'd  Friend,  by  what  means  he  had  acquired  such  uncommon  Certainty  in  the 
Diagnostics  and  Prognostics  of  Diseases,  answered  by  "  e.xamining  dead  Bodies, 

463 


Dr.  Thos. 
Bond's  In- 
troductory 
Lecture. 


Ilotul's  In- 

troiiuclory 

I.i'ctiirf. 


studying;  Sytlt'iiliain's  (jhsi-rvatinns,    ami    HoiK-tus's  SipiiK  lir*  turn    Anatninicntn, 
_      _,,  l«)tli   wliici)  lif  hatl  nail  tin  tiiius  S:  laili  tinu-  witli  i;riatir  pliaMirf.  S:  impnivc- 

ini-iit. 

But  to  Kivc  you  niori.'  faniiliar  iiistancis  of  tlii'  I'lility  of  this  practicr,  let  me 
rt'inind  st-veral  of  You.  wlio  wltl-  pri'si'iit  last  Kail  at  the  opening  two  Bodies. 
(">ne  of  which  died  of  .Astnialic  roniplaints,  the  other  of  a  Phrenzy  succeeded  by 
a  I'alsey,  and  ask  you  whether  anything  short  of  ocular  deinonstr.atiou  :  rou'd 
have  given  you  just  Ideas  of  the  causes  of  the  Patient's  IJeath,  in  one  we  saw  a 
dropsy  in  the  left  sitle  of  the  Thora.x,  an<l  a  curious  Polypus  with  its  growing 
Kimbria;  of  14  Inches  in  length  (now  in  the  Hospital)  extending  from  the  Ven- 
tricle of  the  Heart,  far  beyond  the  Bifurcation  of  the  Pulmonary  Artery,  in  the 
other  we  found  the  Brain  partly  separated  and  the  Ventricle  on  the  opposite  side 
to  that  artected  with  the  Paralysis,  distended  by  a  large  Quantity  of  Limpid 
Serum  ;  and  you  must  Remember,  that  the  state  of  all  the  Morbid  parts  were  pre- 
dicted, before  they  were  exposed  to  View  :  which  may  have  a  further  .Advantage, 
by  rousing  in  you  an  imiustrious  pursuit  after  the  most  hidden  causes  of  all  the 
Affections  of  the  Human  Body;  and  convince  you  what  injury  they  do  to  the 
living,  who  oppose  a  decent,  painless,  and  well  timed  examin.'ition  of  the  Oead- 

Thus  all  the  professors  in  the  best  Kuropean  CoUedges,  go  hand  in  hand,  and 
cooperate  with  each  other  by  regvdar  chains  of  Reasoning  &  occasional  demon- 
strations, to  the  satisfaction  &  improvement  of  the  Students. 

But  more  is  required  of  us  in  this  late  settled  World,  where  new  Diseases  often 
occurr,  and  others  common  to  many  Parts  of  H;uro|)e  visit  us  too  frequently,  which 
it  behoves  the  Guardians  of  Health,  to  be  very  watchful  of,  that  they  may  know 
them  well,  and  by  an  hearty  Union,  &  Brotherly  conununication  of  observations 
investigate  their  causes,  &  check  their  progress.  The  Task  is  arduous,  but  'tis  a 
Debt  we  owe  to  our  Friends  and  our  Country.  The  Atmosphere  that  Surrounds 
us  is  fine,  and  the  Air  we  breathe,  free,  pure,  and  Naturally  healthy,  &  I  am  fully 
persuaded  we  shall  find  on  strict  enquiry,  when  it  becimies  otherwise,  'tis  mostly 
from  Contagion  imported,  or  neglected  Sources  of  Putrefaction,  amongst  our- 
selves, and  therefore  whenever  we  are  able  to  demonstrate  the  Causes,  they  may 
be  removed  and  the  Effects  prevented. 

Our  Fathers  after  insuring  to  us  the  full  enjoyment  of  the  inestimable  bless- 
ings of  Religious  &  Civil  Liberty,  have  settled  us  in  a  Country  that  afiords  all  the 
real  comforts  of  life,  and  given  us  the  prospect  of  becoming  one  day,  a  great  and 
happy  People,  and  I  know  only  one  Objection  to  a  prudent  Man's  giving  NORTH 
.AMF.RIC.A  the  preference  to  any  other  part  of  the  British  dominions  for  the  place 
of  his  residence,  which  is,  that  the  Climate  is  sometimes  productive  to  severe 
Epidemic  Diseases  in  the  Summer  .S:  Fall :  the  Country  is  otherwise  free  from 
those  tedious  &  dangerous  Fevers  which  frequently  infest  most  |)arts  of  Europe. 
The  last  wet  Summer  and  a  short  space  of  hot  dry  Weather  in  Autumn,  caused 
so  many  Intermittents  from  the  Southern  suburbs  of  this  City  all  the  way  to 
Cieorgia,  that  I  may  venture  to  assert  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants  were  not  able 
to  do  the  least  Business  for  many  Weeks,  and  some  families,  &  even  Townships 
were  so  distress'd  that  they  had  not  well  persons  suflTicient  to  attend  the  Sick, 
<luring  which  Time  this  City  was  unusually  Healthy,  how  respectable  then  wou'd 
be  the  Characters  of  those  Men,  who  shoul'il  wipe  this  Stain  out  of  the  American 
Escutcheon  &  rescue  their  Country  from  such  frequent  calamities. 

Sufficient  encouragement  to  make  the  attempt,  is  fimnd  lx>th  in  History,  the 
Books  of  Physic,  and  our  own  ICxpcrience.  Several  instances  were  recorded  of 
places  that  were  so  sickly,  as  to  be  uninhabitable,  until  Princes  have  ordered 
their  Physicians  to  search  into  the  causes  of  their  Unhealthiness,  and  having 
<liscover'd    and    removed    them,    made    thereby    valuable    additions    to    their 

464 


Kingdoms.  Was  not  our  Antient  &  Great  Master,  Hippocrates,  so  knowing  in 
the  cause  of  Pestilential  Contagion,  as  to  foresee  an  approaching  Plague,  and  Dr.  Tlios. 
send  his  Pupils  into  the  Cities  to  take  care  of  the  Sick,  &  has  not  HE,  and  Bond's  In- 
Sydenham  the  English  Hippocrates,  done  infinite  Service  to  the  healing  Art,  and  troductory 
gained  immortal  Honors  to  themselves,  by  their  Essays  on  Epidemics  in  which  Lecture, 
they  not  only  accurately  describe  the  Diseases  of  their  Respective  Countries,  but 
show  the  depraved  constitution  of  the  Air  which  produced  each  of  them.  Our 
own  E.xperience  also  affords  much  Encouragement :  when  I  first  came  into  this 
City  the  Dock  was  the  common  Sewer  of  Filth,  &  was  such  a  Nuisance  to  the 
inhabitants  about  it,  every  Fall,  that  they  were  obliged  to  use  more  pounds  of 
Bark,  than  they  have  Ounces  since  it  has  been  raised,  and  levell'd.  Another 
striking  instance  of  the  ."Vdvantage  of  Cleanliness  for  the  preservation  of  Health, 
affords  me  an  Opportunity  of  paying  a  Tribute,  justly  due,  to  the  Wisdom  of  the 
Legislature  of  this  Province,  in  framing  the  Salutary  Laws  for  paving  &  regula- 
ting the  streets  of  this  City,  &  to  the  indefatigable  industry  &  Skill  of  the 
Commissioners  in  e.xecuting  them,  whereby  they  have  contributed  so  much  to  the 
Healthiness  of  the  Inhabitants,  that  I  am  confident  the  whole  E.xpence  will  be 
repair'd  in  ten  Years,  by  the  lessening  of  Physic  Bills  alone.  A  Farm  within  a 
few  miles  of  this  City  was  remarkably  healthy  for  Fifty  Years,  whilst  the  Tide 
overflow'd  the  Low  Lands,  near  the  dwelling  House,  but  after  they  were  Bank'd 
by  Ditches  so  ill  contrived  that  they  often  did  not  discharge  the  Water  that  fell 
into  them  for  a  considerable  time,  &  until  it  became  putrid,  and  thereby  rendered 
the  place  as  remarkably  Sickly,  as  it  had  before  been  healthy,  I  was  told  by  a 
Gentleman  of  Veracity  that  he  saw  the  Corps  of  One  of  Nine  tenants  that  had 
been  carried  from  it  in  a  k\v  Years. 

The  Yellow  Fever,  which  I  take  to  be  exactly  the  same  distemper  as  the 
Plague  of  Athens,  described  by  Thucydides,  has  been  five  different  times  in  this  City 
since  my  residence  in  it ;  the  causes  of  three  of  them  I  was  luckly  able  to  Trace, 
&  am  certain  they  were  the  same,  which  produced  a  Gaol  Fever  in  other  Places, 
&  am  of  opinion  the  difference  betwixt  the  appearance  of  these  Fevers,  arises 
from  the  climate,  &  the  different  state  the  Bodies  are  in  when  they  Imbibe  the 
Contagion;  if  so,  the  Same  methods  which  are  taken  to  prevent  a  Gaol  Fever, 
will  equally  prevent  a  Yellow  Fever ;  'Twas  in  the  Year  Forty  One,  I  first  saw 
that  horrid  Disease  which  was  then  imported  by  a  Number  of  Convicts  from  the 
Dublin  Gaol.  The  second  time  it  prevailed  it  was  indigenous  from  Evident 
causes,  &  was  principally  confined  to  One  Square  of  the  City.  The  third  time  it  was 
generated  on  Board  of  Crowded  Ships  in  the  Port,  which  brought  in  their  Passen- 
gers in  Health,  but  soon  after  became  very  Sickly.  I  here  saw  the  appearance  of 
Contagion  like  a  Dim  Spark  which  gradually  encreased  to  a  Blaze,  &  soon  after 
burst  out  into  a  terrible  Flame,  carrying  Devastation  with  it,  and  after  continuing 
two  Months  was  extinguished  by  the  profuse  Sweats  of  Tertian  Fevers,  but  this 
is  not  the  ordinary  course  of  the  Contagion,  'tis  usually  check'd  by  the  Cool 
Evenings  in  Septem'r  and  dies  on  the  Appearance  of  an  October  Frost. 

I  lately  visited  an  Irish  Passenger  Vessel,  which  brought  the  People  perfectly 
healthy  untill  they  came  in  our  River.  I  found  five  of  them  III,  and  others 
Unwell,  &  saw  that  the  Fomes  of  infection  was  spreading  among  them.  I  there- 
fore ordered  the  Ship  to  lay  at  Quarantine,  to  be  well  purified  with  the  Steams  of 
Sulphur,  &  with  Vinegar,  directed  the  Bedding  &  Cloatliing  of  the  People  to  be 
well  wash'd  &  Air'd,  before  any  person  should  be  permitted  to  Land  out  of  her, 
after  which  I  advised  separating  the  Sick  from  the  Health}'.  This  was  done  by 
putting  twelve  in  different  Rooms  in  one  House,  &  fourteen  in  another,  out  of  the 
City,  the  conveniences  of  the  two  Houses  were  much  the  same,  in  one  of  them 
little  care  was  taken  of  the  Sick,  who  were  laid  upon  the  same  foul  beds,  they 

465 


(contrary  to  orders)  brouKl't  on  Shore  with  them  ;  the  consequence  was,  that  all 

Dr.  Thos.    the  Family  catch'il  the  tlistemper,  it  the  Landlord  Died.      In  the  other  my  direc- 

Bond's  In-    tions  were  Strictly  observed,  the  Sick  had  clean  Cloathes,  &  clean  Bedding,  were 

troductory    well  attended  and  soon  Recovered,  without  doing  the  least  Injury  to  any  person 

Lecture,    that  visited  them  ;  which  confirms  observations  I  had  often  made  before,  that  the 

Contagion  of  Malignant  Fevers  lies  in  the  Air  confinetl  &  corrupted,  by  a  neglect 

of  Rags  &  other  filth  about  the  Helpless  Sick,  &  not  from  their  Bodies. 

As  each  of  these  heads,  shall  be  a  Subject  of  a  future  Lecture,  I  shall  at 
present  only  mention  to  you  further,  a  few  of  those  Methods  which  have  preserved 
Individuals  from  prevailing  diseases. 

The  inhabitants  of  Ilispaniola  have  found  the  wearing  Flannel  Shirts  to  be  a 
preservative  against  Intermitting  Fevers  in  that  sickly  Island,  &  as  that  Disease 
is  known  to  arise  principally  from  inhaling  a  great  Quantity  of  the  Humidity  of 
the  Air,  I  make  no  doubt  'twould  also  be  of  use  in  preventing  them  in  our  low, 
moist,  level  Countries. 

We  know  that  the  Bark  of  Sassafras  contains  many  Kxcellent  Medicinal  Vir- 
tues, my  Worthy  Friend  Mr.  Peter  Franklin,  told  nie  that  he  being  in  the  Fall  of 
the  Year,  in  the  River  Nantikoke  in  Maryland,  &  on  seeing  the  People  on  Shore 
much  afflicted  with  Intermitting  Fevers,  advised  the  Marriners  of  the  Ships  to  drink 
freely,  by  way  of  prevention,  of  that  Aromatic  and  Antiseptic  Medicine,  but 
cou'd  not  prevail  on  more  than  half  the  company  to  do  it,  &  that  he  &  all  the 
others  who  took  it,  enjoy'd  perfect  Health,  whilst  not  a  single  Person  of  the  rest 
escaped  a  severe  attack  of  the  Epidemic  Disease,  I  have  known  other  similar 
Instances,  which  'tis  needless  to  mention,  since  this  is  remarkably  pertinent. 

But  I  have  many  reasons  to  expect  that  a  more  agreeable  &  equally  certain 
preventive  against  our  Autumnal  Fevers,  will  be  found  in  Sulphures  Chalybeate 
Waters,  which  may  readily  be  i)rocured  in  most  parts  of  America,  especially 
where  those  Diseases  are  most  |>revalent.  A  Spring  of  this  Kind  at  Gloucester 
within  a  few  Miles  of  this  Place  has  been  much  used  of  late,  and  has  been  so  very 
serviceable  to  Invalids,  it  has  the  appearance  of  being  a  valuable  Conveniency  to 
the  City.  Persons  under  various  Diseases  took  Lodgings  in  the  Village  the  last 
Season,  for  the  advantage  of  drinking  the  Waters  at  the  Fountain  head,  &  though 
the  Fall  was  more  sickly  than  has  been  known  in  the  Memory  of  Man,  not  one, 
who  went  there  for  health,  nor  any  one  of  the  Inhabitants  near  the  Spaw,  who 
drank  it  freely,  had  a  touch  of  the  prevailing  Disease,  whilst  a  Major  part  of 
those  that  did  not,  had  more  the  appearance  of  Ghosts  than  living  Creatures. 
There  were  two  Houses,  the  Habitations  of  Father  &  Son,  within  twenty  Feet  of 
each  other,  the  Family  of  the  father  had  suffered  greatly  from  Intermitting  Fevers 
the  preceeding  Fall.  &  some  of  them  continued  Invalids  'till  the  middle  of  Sum- 
mer, when  they  were  prevailed  on,  to  take  the  Waters,  after  which  they  daily 
recovered  Health,  Bloom,  &  Vigour,  &  pass'd  the  sickly  Season  without  a  Com- 
plaint, whilst  scarcely  a  person  in  that  of  the  Son,  who  did  not  take  them,  escaped 
a  severe  Illness.  'Tis  well  known  from  experience  that  Mineral  Waters  are  not 
only  the  most  Palatable,  but  the  most  Salutary  parts  of  the  Materia  Medica,  & 
that  the  Effect  of  those  which  are  pure  &  properly  impregnated  with  Chalybeate 
Principles,  Strengthen  digestion,  brace  &  counteract  the  Summers  Sun,  dilute  a 
thick  putrid  Bile,  I  the  instrument  of  Mischief  in  all  Hot  Climates)  and  immed- 
iately wash  away  putrefaction  through  the  Emunctories  of  the  Bowels,  Skin,  or 
Kidneys,  and  therefore  appear  to  be  natural  preservatives  against  the  Effect  of 
an  hot,  moist  &  putrid  Atmosphere.  Whether  these  Waters  will  answer  my 
sanguine  Expectations  or  not,  must  be  left  to  the  Decision  of  Time.  If  they 
should  be  found  wanting,  that  ought  not  discourage  our  further  pursuit,  lor  since 
providence  has  furnish'd  every  Country  with  defences  for  the   Human   Bodies, 


466 


against  the  inclemencies  of  Heat  &  Cold,  why  shou'd  we  Question  whether  infinite 
Wisdom  &  Goodness  has  made  equal  Provision  against  all  other  natural  injuries    Dr.  Bond's 
of  our  Constitutions  ;  Experience  and  Reason,  encourages  us  to  believe  it  has,  &    Lecture 
that  the  means  migiit  be  discovered  by  diligent  investigation  were  our  researches    Concluded, 
equal  to  the  Task,  the  above  instances  are  therefore  related  to  convince  you,  that 
the  prevention  of  some  of  the  Epidemic  diseases  of  America  is  not  only  a  laud- 
able &  rational  Pursuit,  but  is  more  within  the  limits  of  human  precaution  than 
has  generally  been  imagined,  &  to  excite  your  particular  attention  to  the  improve- 
ment of  this  Humane  &  interesting  part  of  your  profession,  in  which,  &  all  other 
useful  undertakings,  I  most  sincerely  wish  you  Success. 

I  am  now  to  inform  you.  Gentlemen,  that  the  Managers  &  Physicians  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  on  seeing  the  great  number  of  you  attending  the  School 
of  Physic  in  this  City,  are  of  opinion,  this  e.\cellent  institution  likewise  afiords  a 
favourable  opportunity  of  farther  improvement  to  you  in  the  practical  part  of 
your  Profession,  &  being  desirous  it  should  answer  all  the  good  purposes 
intended  by  the  generous  Contributors  to  it,  have  allotedto  me  the  Task  of  giving 
a  course  of  Clinical,  &  Meteorological  Observations  in  it ;  which  I  chearfully 
undertake  (though  the  Season  of  my  Life  points  out  rela.xation  and  retirement, 
rather  than  new  Incumbrances, )  in  hopes,  that  remarks  on  the  many  curious 
Cases  that  must  daily  occurr,  amongst  an  Hundred  S:  thirty  Sick  persons,  col- 
lected together  at  one  time,  may  be  very  instructive  to  You.  I  therefore  purpose 
to  meet  }"OU  at  stated  times  here,  &  give  you  the  best  information  in  my  Power  of 
the  nature  &  treatment  of  Chronical  Diseases,  and  of  the  proper  management  of 
Ulcers,  Wounds  &  Fractures,  I  shall  show  you  all  the  Opperations  of  Surgery,  & 
endeavour,  from  the  Experience  of  Thirty  Years  to  introduce  yon  to  a  Familiar 
acquaintance  with  the  acute  diseases  of  your  own  Country,  in  order  to  which,  I 
shall  put  up  a  compleat  Meteriological  Apparatus,  &  endeavour  to  inform  you  of 
all  the  known  Properties  of  the  atmosphere  which  surrounds  us,  &  the  effects  its 
frequent  variations  produce  on  Animal  Bodies,  and  confirm  the  Doctrine,  by  an 
Exact  register  of  the  Weather,  of  the  prevailing  Diseases,  both  here,  &  in  the 
Neighbouring  Provinces,  to  which  I  shall  add,  all  the  interesting  observations 
which  may  occurr  in  private  practice,  &  sincerely  wish  it  may  be  in  my  power  to 
do  them  to  your  Satisfaction. 

Dr.  Thomas    Bond,    seems  to    have    always  been    successful    in    Lectures, 
attracting  students  to  his  lectures.     On  December  29,  1766,  the  sitting 
Managers  informed  the  Board  that  Dr.  Bond 

Has  regularly  read  his  Clinical  Lectures,  agreeable  to  his  Projjosal,  and  that 
a  number  of  students  attend  on  the  occasion,  a  List  of  whose  names  is  kept  by 
the  Steward. 

On  April  2,  1770,  tlie  minutes  contain  a  reference  to  certain 
students  who  evidently  were  trying  to  evade  the  payment  of  the  fee. 
A  number  of  students  having  attended  the  lectures,  who  had  not 
conformed  with  the  regulations,  the  physicians  were  desired  to  lay 
before  the  Board,  at  the  next  meeting,  an  exact  list  of  the  names  of 
all  the  students  who  attend  lectures  given  in  this  house  and  of  the 
pupils  who  attend  them  on  other  occasions.  This  was  to  enforce  the 
rules  which  required  that  each  student  should  pay  a  fee  before  being 
permitted  to  attend  the  lectures.  It  was  also  ordered  that  no  student, 
hereafter,  be  admitted  without  a  certificate. 

467 


Ill  1774,  the  value  iiflhe  clinical  lectures  having  been  fully  estab- 
lished, the  Managers  decided  to  raise  the  fee  to  _;^5,  to  be  collected 
from  "all  students  attending  lectures,  &:c.,  not  ajjprentices  to  physi- 
cians." 
TIk-  A])ril  28,  1783,  the  minutes  state  that  the  Monthly  Committee 

ManaKirs  reported  "  that  they  confer'd  with  the  attending  Physicians,  on   the 

'     ,     .  .  '     complaint  made  by  the    Managers   of   the    House   of    Emplovmeni 
Physicians  i  j  o  1      . 

inay  imt   against  the  fee  of  three  pounds  ten  shillings,  charg'd  in  certain  Cases 

charge  for  at  the  Aims-House  by  two  of  the  Doctors — which  being  again  taken 

attendance   jf,tQ  Consideration,  the  Managers  '  Resolve,  that  in  such  instances, 

'' . .!'"  r,"  ''   the  Physicians  of  this  House  are  not  entitled  to,  and  therefore  should 
at  the  Alms  ■'  ' 

House,   "ot  demand  any  fees,  or  reward  for  their  Services.'  " 

This  resolution  was  the  cause  of  the  retirement  of  Dr.  Morgan 
from  the  staff,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  letter : 

Phii-a.,  May  24,  17S3. 
To  THE  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  : 

Genllfmcn. — Your  approbation  in  having  elected  me,  for  so  many  years,  one 
of  the  physicians  of  this  Institution,  demands  my  grateful  acknowledgments. 
With  pleasure  I  look  back  to  its  origin,  so  honourable  to  its  founders  and 
through  the  kindness  of  Providence  smiling  on  your  labors,  no  less  salutary  to 
the  sick,  who  have  been  received  into  it,  than  beneficial  to  the  Community.  The 
blessing  of  many  who  have  been  ready  to  perish  cannot  fail  to  attend,  and  your 
benevolent  Hearts  to  be  filled  with  satisfaction,  when  you  behold  the  good  etTects 
of  such  disinterested  Heaven-born  Charity. 

My  Constant  exertions  to  promote  the  laudable  designs  of  this  generous 
undertaking,  and  in  Conjunction  with  you  to  uphold  its  declining  interest,  by 
procuring  it  new  friends  and  enlarging  the  number  of  its  subscribers  in  the  worst 
of  Times,  as  well  as  in  stirring  up  the  friends  of  Medical  Knowledge  and  Litera- 
ture, to  extend  its  advantages  to  the  Rising  Generation,  and  thereby  to  establish 
its  Usefulness,  on  a  broad,  solid  and  lasting  foundation,  will,  I  hope,  be  accepted 
by  you,  as  the  utmost  services  in  my  power  to  afford.  . 

To  these  offices,  my  country-men  and  Fellow-citizens — to  these,  the  Respect- 
able Managers  of  the  Institution  ;  to  these  every  real  object  of  Charity  had  an 
undoubted  claim,  and  most  affectionate  welcome  from  me. 

But  I  beg  leave  to  remark  th.it  in  whatever  light  I  view  the  resolution  o( 
your  board  on  the  28th  ulto.  in  respect  to  certain  .Mms-House  P.itients  (I  speak 
it  with  the  utmost  deference  to  the  Purity  of  Intentions  and  Supreme  Wisdom  of 
the  Managers)  it  appears  to  me  to  be  both  impolitic  and  injurious  to  the  original 
design  of  this  excellent  Charity,  as  well  as  incongruous  with  the  Sentiments  of 
the  Founders,  and  especially  of  the  first  Ph\'sicians  of  the  Hospital,  which  I 
always  supposed  were  to  perform  Acts  of  Charity  to  Objects  and  Cases  of 
Charity.  I  never  imagine  they  meant  to  subject  themselves  or  their  Colleagues 
and  Successors  in  office,  to  the  Extra-Jurisdiction  of  men,  whether  in  i)ublic  or 
private  stations,  who  have  no  authority  over  them  ;  not  that  they  came  under 
any  obligation  to  devote  their  time  and  attention  to  the  Cure  of  Diseases  brought 
on  by  Concupiscence,  without  fee  or  reward,  which  in  my  humble  opinion  tends 
rather  to  the  growth  than  diminution  of  Immorality.  If  I  am  not  misinformed 
that  resolution  took  its  rise  from  persons  not  belonging  to  your  Board,  who  have 

468 


Resignation 

of  Dr.  John 

Morgan. 


Dr.  Morgan's 
Letter  to  the 
Managers. 


no  claim  to  the  Services  of  the  Hospital  Physicians  in  behalf  of  those  committed 
to  their  charge;  and  who  have  and  e.xercise  the  power  of  nominating,  and  of 
paying  a  Ph>sician  for  that  Duly,  whose  place  thereby  becomes  a  lucrative 
Sinecure ;  and  whilst  one  set  of  Gentlemen  perform  the  Services,  without 
thanks,  emolument  or  honor,  another  reaps  the  fruit  of  their  labors. 

That  this  regulation  should  he  adopted  on  taking  only  the  opinion  of  the  two 
attending  Physicians,  without  any  regard  paid  to  the  judgment  of  the  rest,  on 
what  regards  the  honor  and  interest  of  each  other,  present  of  future,  equally  with 
theirs,  will  not  permit  me,  consistently  with  my  sense  of  propriety,  to  act  longer 
in  that  Station.  In  any  Institution  that  looks  for  support  from  all,  every  Physician 
has  an  equal  right  to  be  consulted  in  regards  the  Faculty. 

As  I  have  no  right,  nor  confidence  to  ask,  the  Managers  of  this  Institution 
should,  on  my  differing  in  opinion,  recede  from  a  measure  they  have  seen  proper 
to  adopt,  I  will  not  attempt  for  a  moment  to  divert  them  from  their  determina- 
tion ;  for  although  I  do  not  willingly  yield  to  any  person  in  my  Inclination  to 
serve  you  and  to  promote  the  good  of  the  Undertaking,  I  readily  resign  my  place 
to  others  whose  views  are  more  conformable  to  your  sentiments. 

I  shall  ever  revere  you  as  Gentlemen  who  are  engaged  in  the  greatest  and 
noblest  pursuits,  that  of  seeking  to  relieve  the  calamities  of  our  fellow  creatures  ; 
therefore  deserving  the  applause  of  the  public,  and  commanding  my  sincere 
Veneration,  in  any  other  way.  and  by  every  other  means,  I  shall  cheerfully  con- 
tribute to  promote  your  designs,  to  the  utmost  of  my  power,  and  I  trust  to  the 
end  of  ray  life. 

I  remain  Gentlemen,  your  respectful  Friend  and  Fellow-Citizen, 

John  Morg.vn. 

The  Managers  accepted  this  a.s  Dr.  Morgan's  resignation  from 
the  Medical  Staff  and  proceeded  to  elect  his  successor. 

Dr.  John  Foulke  applied  (November  24,  1783)  for  the  use  of 
one  of  the  upper  rooms  of  the  Elaboratory  to  e.vhibit  lectures  on 
"  Chirurgical  and  Physical  subjects  during  the  season,"  which  was 
granted. 

The  lectures  of  Doctors  Physick,  Rush  and  Bond  attracted  large 
classes  of  students.  April  27,  1767,  the  Managers  record  on  their 
minutes  the  following  : 

Cash  received  of  Doctor  Thomas  Bond,  which  he  received  of  si.xteen  students 
attending  his  Clinical  Lectures  6  months  at  half  a  Guinea  Each  ^13  12s. 

Dr.  Bond  also  donated  a  set  of  meteorological  apparatus  "  for 
observation  of  the  weather  and  kee])ing  an  e.xact  account  of  e])idemic 
Diseases." 

To  THE  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 
Genllemen  : — A  considerable  Number  of  hopefid  students  in  Physic  gave    Pommunica- 
such  attention  to  the  Practice  of  the  Hospital  last  Year,  and  showed  such  Desire   jj^^  from 
of  Improvement,  that  I.  and  others  of  my   Brethren   were   induced  to   embrace    p^   Thomas 
several  favourable  Opportunities  of  giving  them  clinical  observations  for  their    g^mj 
Instruction,  in  which  we  pointed  out  the  Nature,  Cau.se  and  Cure  of  the   Diseases 
so  much  to  their  Satisfaction,  that  they,  and  the  Professors  of  the  Physic  School 
have  requested  the  Lectures  may  be  continued  this  Winter,  which,  after  consulting 


Increasing 
.Attendance 
upon  the 
Clinical 
Lectures. 


469 


and   obtaining   a    Promise   i>f    Assistance   from    my    lluspital    lirdlirun,    I    have 
Letter  to    promised  them.     Tlie  Hospital  is  the  properesl  Place  fur  doiiiK  it  in,  and   I  think 
the  Mann-    such  a  Course  would  he  reputable  to  the  Institution  and  answer  other  nood  Pur- 
sers from    poses  ;   1  therefore  rec|uest  the  liberty  to  put   up   a   MeteoroloKical   Apparatus  in 
Dr.  Bond.    (1,^.  picture  Room  for  keeping  a  Register  of  tlie  Weather  and  an  exact  account  of 
the  Kpideniic  Diseases,  thereby  caused  in  this  country.     A  Neat  Copy  of  which, 
with  an  account  of  all  the  curious  cases  which   present   in  the   lIos|>ital,   I  will 
annually  deposit  in  the  Library  for  the  Perusal  of  Posterity.     I  further  request 
you  would  appoint  some  Day  this  Week  to  see  the  Plan  intended  and  give  us  your 
Opinion  of  it  in  which  you  will  oblige. 

Your  respectful  Humble  Servt. 

Thos.  Bond. 
November  24,  1766. 

The  Minute  of  November  26,  1 766,  referring  to  tliis  is  as  follows  : 

That  a  Meteorological  Apparatus  maybe  fixed  in  the  room  where  the  Anatomi- 
cal PaintiuKS  &  Casts  are  deposited,  ct  it  is  recommended  to  the  Doctors  to  employ 
some  careful  &  Skillful  person  to  take  down  observations  on  the  State  of  the  Air 
&  Weather  and  duly  to  register  the  same.  '  And  inasmuch  as  the  exhibiting 
these  Lectures  judiciously  performed  is  allowed  will  be  an  Additional  improve- 
ment for  the  Benefit  of  the  Students  in  Physic,  it  is  Agreed  that  each  Student 
attending  them  (except  such  who  are  Subject  to  the  payment  of  the  Six  Pistoles 
heretofore  agreed  to  be  i)aid  for  their  attending  the  Wards)  shall  pay  to  the  sitting 
Managers  or  the  Treasurer  one  Guinea  P  Annum  for  the  Priviledge  of  attending 
them  &  the  Money  arising  from  thence  shall  be  apply'd  towards  establishing  & 
I)romoting  the  Medical  Library.'' 

Certificate  of  The  following  is  the  form  of  a  Certificate  which   was  originally 

Students  who  given  the  students  in  acknowledgment  of  their  having  completed  the 

Completed    ^^^^^    ^f    attendance    upon    the     Hospital.       It    was   drawn    up    by 

their  term  of 
attendance    ^'-    ^ '^OS.  Bond: 

in      ospita  .  Amongst  the  Advantages  arising  from  a  collection  of  many  Sick  Persons  into 

one  Place  that  of  affording  thereby  an  Opportunity  to  the  Students  in  T"liysic  & 
Surgery  of  being  acquainted  with  the  Nature  and  Symptoms  of  Diseases  and 
being  instructed  in  the  regular  method  of  treating  them  by  Pliysik,  Diet,  manual 
Operations,  &c.  is  of  great  Im|)ortance  to  the  Public,  for  which  Reason  we,  the 
Managers  &  Physicians  in  attendance  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  think  it  our 
Duty  to  countenance  and  encourage  young  men  in  the  Prosecution  of  their  studies 
there,  all  in  our  Power  and  to  give  them  such  Credentials  of  Conduct  as  we  think 
they  justly  merit ;  In  consequence  of  our  Resolution  : 

This  is  to  Certify  that son  of West  Jersey, 

entered  regularly  as  pu])il  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 1763  and 

continued  his  attendance  with  Diligence  and  .•\pplication,  to 1764 

during  which  time  we  hope  and  have  rea.son  to  believe  he  has  made  considerable 
Progress  in  the  Knowledge  of  Anatomy,  and  the  Practice  of  Physic  and  Surgery, 
therefore  wishing  Happiness  and  success  we  give  from  under  our  Hands  and  the 
seal  of  the  Corporation,  this  Testimonial  of  our  Esteem  and  Approbation. 

•These  observations  have  been  kept  ever  since,  and  have  often  been  called  for  in  Courts 
o  decide  points  in  dispute,  on  account  of  their  accuracy. 

470 


"^^"I'fi^^k^^i  §ifiuuc\-i>c\\ 


"^■b-  ''■'   .."■,.  '        '        '  ■        .'■-  .    ■  "'        .. 

■  w;ri  •.,^My„_.,,.^- — :-;^|]^^.^___..     -.    ^— _.-.-__. '.:. _— --- 

1        ■     ■         ■ 


'vi;i:.:.i^*ii:JSkiZi; 


y'/,'/ 


^^ 


^ 


aniiL/'ifi/i^imii: 


%!=::-  -^ 


J 

J 


The  form  of  Students'  Certificate,  conferring  the  right  to  attend 
the  Practice  of  the  House,  is  shown  in  the  illustration. 

The  following  list  of  the  members  of  one  of  the  Early  Clinical 

Classes  of  the  Hospital  is  not  without  interest  : 

Dr.  Thos.   Bond's  List,  April   ii,  1770.     The  Clitiiral  Piii>ils  in  1769  are  from 
ye  ist  Novr.  1769  to  ye  ist  of  April  1770. 

1.  John  Ireland  of  Maryland,  pd. 

2.  Thos.  Gaunt  of  Maryland,  pd. 

3.  Robert  Pottinger  of  Maryland,  pd. 

4.  John  Julian  of  Virginia,  pd. 

5.  Tiiomas  Grigory  Johnson,  Jamaica. 

6.  Robert  Johnson  of  Philadelphia. 

7.  Thos.  Park,  Chester  County. 

8.  William  Barhet  of  the  Jersey. 

9. Marty,  Chester  County,  pd. 

10.  Frederic  Kheun  of  Lancaster,  \iA. 

11.  Bodo  Otto  of  the  Jersey,  pd. 

12.  William  Wharton  of  Maryland,  pd. 

13.  Joseph  Hall  of  Maryland,  pd. 

14.  Jolin  Rowan  of  Philadelphia. 

I  have  two  apprentices  but  tlu-y  never  attend  except  on  Duty. 
They  are  John  Rowan,  Thos.  Biddle. 

Thos.  Bond. 

IJoth  of  the  preceding  letters  to  the  Board  of  Managers  and  the 
list  of  students  are  in  Dr.  Bond's  handwriting. 


471 


It  occasionally  liappened  that  the  Managers  fell  ii  cxjictlicnt  lo 

Corrispon-  enjoin  ui)on  the  students,  the  propriety  of  decorous  conduct  and  to 

(lfii«-   repeat  the  admonitions  whenever  it  was  thought  necessary  to  preserve 

,,  cood  order   in   the  wards.      On   one  occasion  at  least,  the  students 

Managers    o  ' 

rid  tlie  \U-di-   resented   this  and  after  laying  their  grievances  before   the   visiting 
cal  Class.    Managers,   sent    in  a  written    communication    to    the    Board.      The 
immediate  cause  of  the  remonstrance  was  the  reading  of  the  following 
letter  to  the  class  by  direction  of  the  Managers : 

Fcl)ruary  12,  i8(>6. 
The  MaiKigirs  prisciit  tliiir  best  respects  to  Doctor  Willi.im  Shippeii  and 
inform  him  that  with  pleasure  they  will  open  the  Museum  under  his  special  care 
and  direction  for  the  henefit  of  the  Medical  Pupils  now  in  the  City  and  they  hope 
that  every  I'upil  will  feel  interested  in  the  preservation  of  this  valualile  deposit  ot 
the  human  frame  and  handle  the  subjects  of  it,  if  necessary  to  he  handled,  with 
the  greatest  Care  .'is  many  of  them  from  their  Kre.it  delicacy  are  liable  to  lie 
easily  injured  and  cannot  be  replaced  ; 

In  Passing  to  &  fro  throuKh  the  Mouse  the  Managers  request  the  pupils  to 
conduct  themselves  quietly  remembering  they  are  in  a  Hospital  and  to  act  up  to 
the  dignity  of  their  Education  and  profession.  And  ;is  the  sujiport  of  the 
Museum  and  Library  instituted  under  the  Patronage  of  the  I'hysicians  themselves 
&  by  their  .advisement  are  from  the  very  nature  of  them  Objects  of  Considerable 
E.\pense  ;  it  will  be  e.\pected  that  every  pupil  who  has  not  purch.ased  or  is  not 
privileged  to  attend  the  practice  of  the  Hospital  will  pay  One  Dollar  to  Doctor 
Joseph  Hartshorne  for  the  Medical  fund  and  those  who  have  the  privilege  are  to 
produce  their  Certificate  at  the  Gate.  On  receiving  a  dollar  Dr.  Hartshorne  will 
give  a  Certificate  or  ticket  for  Admission  to  all  Doctor  Shippen's  Lectures  on  the 
Articles  of  the  Museum  for  this  Season.  The  attending  Managers  further  request 
of  Dr.  Shippen  that  he  will  arrange  the  time  of  holding  his  Lectures  so  as  not  to 
interfere  with  the  time  of  the  Managers  visiting  the  House  or  with  Doctor 
Physick's  Lectures  therein.  And  if  tlie  Doctor  will  read  or  cause  lo  be  read  this 
communication  to  the  Young  Gentlemen  who  propose  lo  attend  him  he  will  oblige 
the  .Sitting  Managers. 

JosiAH  Hkwks. 

E1.1.ISTON  Pi;rot. 

Upon  receiving  the  [^receding  communication,  the  students  sent 
the  following  reply  : 

Cfw/Z^wf';.— Being  desired  by  the  sitting  Managers  on  Wednesday  last  to 
bring  forward  this  day  before  you  what  we  considered  as  grievances,  we  have 
selected  from  among  them  the  following.  Aware  of  the  <lelicacy  <)f  your  .Situation 
We  will  premise  that  We  are  far  from  wishing  to  olTend  and  that  should  We  err  in 
this  it  will  not  be  the  error  of  intention. 

We  wish  only  to  State  the  points  upon  which  the  Students  feel  so  universally 
injured. 

FIRST. — From  the  beginning  of  this  Winter  until  now  the  Slu<lents  have  been 
weekly  reminded  of  the  conduct  of  decorum  ; — They  silently  overlooked  these 
Injuries  for  a  while  with  a  hope  that  they  would  cease  but  they  have  been  con- 
tinued ;  We  can  draw  do  other  Inference  from  their  contiiuiance  than  th.at  the 
Managers  suppose  "blackguard"  and  "medical  Student"  synonimous  terms. 
In  this  Conclusion    We   are    not    singular.       It  is    a    received    and    we    believe 

472 


a  just  Opinion  that  where  so  many  Achnonitions  are  given  there  must  still  exist  a 

cause  for  them.     Tliis  however  a  part  of  them  deny  and  do  the  Class  the  honor  Letter  to  the 

to  say  they  can  find  no  Cause  of  Complaint  against  them.   Have  You  Laws  which  Managers 

expressly  say  the  Students  shall  have  Instruction  necessary  for  Children  mingled  f,.„n,  ti,^ 

with  the  Advantage  arising  from  the  Hospital  practice  ?     Or  are  You  determined  ^vicdical 

at  stated  periods  to  show  the  class  that  you  view  them  as  inferior  Beings  and  can  (ji^ss 
make  Use  of  the  most  improper  Conduct  without  incurring  their  Resentment? 

SECONDLY. — The  Students  belonging  to  the  class  of  Ur.  Physick  who  had 
no  tickets  to  the  hospital  were  prohibited  from  an  Attendance  to  the  Operation  for 
the  large  tumor  on  the  25th  of  December  last.  This  VVe  consider  an  Insult  not 
only  oflered  the  Students  but  Doctor  Physick,  as  he  informed  the  Students  in  his 
Introductory  Lecture  that  the  Operations  in  the  Hospital  should  be  performed 
before  them.  How  are  We  to  account  for  this  inconsistency  ?  You  agree  that 
Doctor  Physick  has  the  privilege  of  inviting  any  Person  to  seethe  Operations  and 
yet  you  request  him  to  inform  that  part  of  his  Class  who  had  not  tickets  that  they 
could  not  be  admitted.  Perhaps  Gentlemen  You  sujjpose  our  Zeal  for  Improve- 
ment so  great  as  to  sacrifice  every  Consideration  and  submissively  Acquiesce 
under  any  Imposition  for  its  Acquirement. 

THikDLY.  The  Managers  of  the  Hospital  have  attempted  to  sell  us  a 
privilege  of  ."Mtending  the  Lectures  of  Dr.  Shippen,  a  privilege  We  have  long  since 
paid  for,  this  is  considered  a  grievance  which  will  not  be  submitted  to  for  the  view 
of  the  Museum  we  hold  by  no  means  indispensably  necessary  to  the  Acquirement 
of  a  correct  knowledge  of  Midwifery  ; — The  Students  are  not  at  liberty  to  say 
they  do  not  wish  the  use  of  the  Museum  but  are  obliged  to  pay  the  Sum  demanded 
or  forego  the  advantages  of  Dr.  Shippen's  Lectures  ;  this  We  consider  contrary  to 
the  principles  of  Justice  and  are  resolved  unanimously  not  to  pay  the  Sum 
demanded.  In  the  European  Schools  of  Medicine  if  we  are  rightly  informed  the 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  are  entitled  to  the  Kmoluments  arising  from  the  attend- 
ance of  the  Students  to  the  Hospital,  this  is  not  the  case  here,  the  professors  who 
are  your  attending  Physicians  and  Surgeons  have  given  this  to  the  Hospital,  for 
the  establishment  of  a  Museum  and  Library. 

These  Emoluments  given  you  by  the  professors  should  have  induced  you  to 
have  foregone  the  necessity  of  the  two  additional  demands  w^hich  have  given  rise 
to  the  two  last  mentioned  Grievances. 

These,  Gentlemen,  We  lay  before  You  as  Grievances  ;  should  they  be  consid- 
ered such  by  You  You  will  attempt  an  equivalent  Satisfaction  by  a  promise  of 
their  discontinuance  ; — On  the  contrary  should  You  think  We  have  no  cause  of 
Complaint  W'e  the  Committee  are  authorized  in  the  Name  of  the  Class  to  abandon 
an  Attendance  to  the  Hospital  as  the  only  proper  mode  of  securing  them  against 
similar  treatment  in  future ;  The  result  of  your  thoughts  we  hope  you  will  give 
us  in  Writing. 

Z.    M.\TTHEWS, 

RlCH.\KI)  C.   Bowi.F.s, 
ROBKRT    M.WO, 

Joii.N   Hart. 

To    THE   MAN.\GERS. 

On    reading    the    foregoing,  the  following  Minute  was  made,  of 
which  a  copy  was  ordered  to  be  delivered  to  Doctors  Rush,  Physick, 

and  Shippen,  to  be  read  to  their  pupils. 

473 


Pknnsvi.vania  IIhsimtal,  February  24,  1806. 

Action  taken  A  papir  williout  date  purporting  to  l>o  a  statenicnt  of  grievances  signed  by 

by  the    Z.  Matthews,  Richard  C.  Bowles,  Robert  Mayo  and  John  Hart  in  the  name  of  the 

Managers  on    Class  of  the  medical  Students  and  addressed  to  the  Managers  being  deliberately 

Students'    considered  it  is  agreed  : 
.'Communica-  That  Elliston  Perot  and  Samuel  Co.ates  be  a  Committee  to  wait  on  Dr.  I'hysiclc 

tion.  and  Shippen  and  request  them  to  inform  their  respective  Classes  that  whatever 
Construction  may  have  been  put  upon  the  Cautions  given  by  the  Managers 
respecting  the  observances  of  Good  order  in  the  House  and  which  the  Experience 
of  Years  has  proved  to  be  necessary,  the  Managers  never  meant  or  inten<led  to 
cast  a  reflection  upon  the  Students  generally ;  but  sincerely  lament  that  the 
improper  Conduct  of  Individuals  amongst  the  Pupils  should  have  given  rise  to  a 
Necessity  for  those  Cautions  and  disturb  the  harmony  which  formerly  subsisted 
between  the  Managers  and  a  respectable  Class  of  Gentlemen  whose  Instruction  in 
Medical  Science  they  always  strove  to  promote  by  every  means  in  their  Power 
and  whose  comfortable  Accommodation  in  the  House  they  have  endeavoured  to 
provide  for  on  every  Occasion.  The  Managers  also  request  that  Drs.  Physick 
&  Shippen  will  inform  the  young  Gentlemen  that  consistently  with  the  rules  and 
regulations  of  the  Hospital  they  can  do  no  other  ways  than  keep  up  a  clear 
distinction  between  those  pupils  who  acquire  by  purchase  or  other  ways  a  right 
to  attend  the  practice  of  the  house  itc.  and  those  who  never  did  obtain  the  privi- 
lege :  The  Grievances  of  the  former  shall  always  be  heard  and  redressed  if 
possible.— The  latter  cannot  complain  to  the  Managers  of  violated  rights  which 
they  never  possessed. 

Signed  by  Order  of  a  Hoard  of  Managers. 

Samuki.  Coates.     Secr'y. 

In  this  correspondence  the  advantage  is  with  the  Managers,  but 
the  gentlemanly  members  of  the  Cla.ss  were  certainly  entitled  to 
sympathy  ;   the  misconduct  of  a  few  having  caused  all  to  suffer. 

The  only  subsequent  difference  between  the  Managers  and  the 
medical  students  arose  many  years  later,  when,  by  resolution  of  the 
Board,  women  students  were  admitted  to  the  regular  Hospital  Clinical 
Lectures. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  for  many  years  the  clinical  classes 
consisted  entirely  of  men.  In  the  course  of  time,  after  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Woman's  Medical  College  in  Philadelphia  and  the  legal 
recognition  of  women  graduates  as  regular  jjhysicians,  the  question  of 
the  admission  of  women  to  the  privileges  of  attending  the  lectures 
was  necessarily  forced  upon  the  attention  of  the  members  of  the  Staff 
'       and  the  Managers. 

The  Managers,  October,  1869,  granted  the  request  of  the  women 

students,  with  the  result  shown   in  the  following  extract    from  the 

Disturbance   minutes: 

durmg  ^  special  meeting  of  the  Board  was  held  November  13,  1869,  in 

Clinical  .  ,.        ,  ...  ,       ,  ,  , 

Lectures    consequence  of  a  serious  disturbance  which  took   place  at  the  usual 


474 


Clinical  Lecture,  held  on  the  6th  inst.  After  a  free  discussion  the  fol- 
lowing was  adopted  :  Minute 

adopted  with 
Whereas,  on  October  25,  1869,  the  students  from  the  Woman's  Medical  Col-  , 

lege  were  authorized  to  attend  the  clinical  lectures  of  the  Hospital.     And  ,.        ,     , 

Whereas,  under  this  authority  about  thirty  students  belonging  to  the  School  conduct  ot 
accompanied  by  one  of  their  Professors,  attended  the  Clinic  held  on  the5tli  instant,  students, 
at  which  time  a  number  of  the  male  students  in  attendance  behaved  in  a  very 
indecorous  manner  by  hissing  before  the  lecturer  commenced  the  delivery  of  his 
lecture,  and  after  it  was  over,  by  other  conduct  unbecoming  in  any  well  regulated 
Institution,  and  especially  in  one  which  has  long  maintained  the  standing  of  one 
of  the  leading  charities  of  our  City  and  as  such  has  enjoyed  the  sympatliy  and 
respect  of  our  fellow  citizens,  therefore 

Resolved,  That  whilst  a  large  majority  of  the  students  took  no  part  in  this 
disgraceful  scene,  the  Managers  deem  it  their  duty  to  censure  such  as  did  par- 
ticipate in  it ;  and  to  adopt  such  measure  as  will  secure  good  order  on  future 
occasions. 

Resolved,  That  the  Managers  would  be  unwilling  to  deprive  any  student  of 
the  important  benefits  to  be  derived  from  attending  the  clinical  lectures  at  the 
Hospital,  but  that  this  privilege  can  only  be  accorded  to  such  as  are  disposed  to 
conduct  themselves  with  propriety. 

These  resolutions  were  directed  to  be  published  in  the  daily 
papers,  signed  by  the  President  of  the  Board. 

The  incident  referred  to  is  concisely  stated  by  Dr.  John  Forsyth 
Meigs,  in  his  address  entitled,  "A  History  of  the  First  Quarter 
of  the  Second  Century  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital." 

In  the  autumn  of  1869,  the  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  the  Female  Medical  College    E.xtract  from 
applied  to  the  Board  of  Managers  for  the  admission  of  their  students  to  the  regular    Address  of 
clinical  courses.     The  Managers  gave  their  permission  on  the  ground  that,  by  the    'Jr.  Jonn  ror- 
rules  of  the  Hospital  then  in  use,  all   students  of  institutions  recognized  by  the    ^>''"  Meigs. 
State  laws,  were  to  be  received  to  the  conunon  benefits  of  the  Hospital  clinical 
instruction. 

The  women  came  to  one  of  the  lectures  very  soon  after  this,  taking  tlieir 
seats  in  the  amphitheatre  in  the  mid.st  of  the  regular  men's  class.  There  w.is  a 
scene  of  considerable  disorder  both  during  and  after  the  lecture. 

The  event  caused  a  good  deal  of  agitation  in  the  medical  schools  of  the  city, 
and  amongst  the  medical  students,  which  extended  in  a  slight  degree  to  the 
general  public.  It  raised  the  great  questions  of  women's  rights,  and  of  the  com- 
mon education  of  the  sexes.  And  it  showed,  too,  most  clearly,  that  women  were 
willing,  in  order  to  obtain  their  end,  a  general  medical  education  and  a  status  in 
the  profession  similar  to  that  of  men,  to  listen  in  mixed  classes  to  descriptions  of 
all  diseases,  whether  medical  or  surgical,  and  to  observe  any  class  of  cases,  which 
might  be  necessary  in  the  course  of  their  medical  education.  It  was  a  curious 
and  an  impressive  lesson,  to  show  how  long-established  social  habits  and  opinions 
may  be  changed  by  the  hard  weight  of  necessity. 

It  was  thought  by  many  that  the  objection  made  by  the  medical  .students,  and 
by  the  medical  teachers  of  the  old  schools  of  the  city,  arose  wholly  from  a  jealous 
dislike  to  the  increased  competition  that  might  occur  in  the  profession,  should 
women  come  to  participate  fully  in  the  exercise  of  the  medical  art.  I  think  not. 
I  believe  the  difficulty  lies  deeper  than  this.  It  is  a  psychological  one,  and, 
strange  to  say,  it  appears  to  exist  more  decidedly  in  the  male  than  in  the  female  sex. 

47.i 


In  the  following  clinical  session,  1870-71,  llie  whole  number  of 

Attciulance  students  in  attendance  was  206,  and  of  these  32  were  women  ;  whilst 

"11','.".  ";   in  the  i)revioiis  year,  the  nimiher  had  been  coo,  of  which  number  42 
Clinical  I  .         '  J      ■ 

Lecturts.    were  women. 

The  matter  was  arranged  at  the  meeting  of  the  Contributors,  in 
May,  1871,  on  the  |)lan  of  having  separate  clinics  for  the  two  sexes, 
and,  accordingly,  the  staff  agreed  to  give,  in  addition  to  their  regular 
semi-weekly  lectures  to  the  male  students,  one  lecture  a  week  to  the 
women  students. 

This  compromise  wa.s  carried  out  for  several  sessions,  when  the 
excitement  having  died  out,  the  former  arrangement  was  restored,  and 
since  then  separate  clinical  instruction  to  women  students  has  been 
abandoned,  and  all  the  clinical  lectures  are  now  delivered  before 
mixed  classes. 

The  clinical  lectures  instituted  by  Dr.  Tlionias  J5ond  in  1766, 
have  been  continued  up  to  the  present  day,  with  only  the  temporary 
interruption  inseparable  from  the  social  disturbances  accompanying 
the  War  of  Independence  and  in  the  incidental  occupation  of  the 
Hospital  by  the  Colonial  and  British  troops  for  their  sick  and 
wounded.  Many  thousands  of  American  physicians  and  successive 
generations  of  medical  students  owe  their  medical  training  very 
largely  to  the  practical  instruction  voluntarily  given  by  the  members 
of  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  The  literature  of 
medical  science  has  been  enriched  by  numerous  records  of  original 
methods  of  treatment,  new  instruments,  clinical  observations  upon 
the  effects  of  novel  remedies  and  the  results  of  operations,  with 
valuable  medical  and  surgical  statistics.  These  are  contained  in 
innumeral)lc  ])iiblished  clinical  lectures  and  contributions  to  journals 
and  are  referred  to  in  text-books  on  medicine  and  surgery  used  in 
medical  schools  all  over  the  world. 

A   brief  review  of  a  few  of  the   contributions  which    have  been 

Contributions   "^'^^^^  '^^  medicine  and  surgery,  and  which  probably,  with  few  excep- 

to  Medical   tions,  were  first  exhibited  and  explained  to  the  students  attending 

Science  by   the  lectures  and  practice  of  the  house,  may  here  be  permitted,  in  spite 

of  its  acknowledged  incompleteness. 

Dr.  Thomas  Bond  devised  a  splint  for  fractures  of  the  forearin, 
which  is  still  in  use  by  surgeons. 

Dr.  Physick  first  recommended  and  ]>ractised  the  method  of 
manipulation,  for  the  reduction  of  dislocations,  in  ])reference  to 
pulleys  and  other  mechanical  methods  of  traction.  He  also  devised 
a  successful  treatment  of  coxalgia  or  hip-joint  disease,  by  rest  and 
immobilization  of  the  joint,  by  the  use  of  his  carved  sjilint.      He  was 

476 


the  Medical 


the  first  in  this  country  to  practice  capillary  puncture  of  the  head  for 

hydrocephalus.       A    student    of    his,    Dr.    Harry    S.    Lefert,    while   Instruments 

attendincr    lectures    in  Philadelphia,    originated    the  metallic   suture.    '""  •^I'P"'"'^' 
_  ,  ^    ,  ...      .  .,,  ,       ^     ,        tus  invented 

Dr.  Physick  is  the  inventor  of  the  guillotine  tonsiUotome  and  of  tlie  |^    Members 

needle-forceps,  which,  slightly  modified    in    form,    are   still   in    use.    of  the  Staff. 
According  to  the   late  Professor  S.  D.  Gross,  Dr.  Physick  introduced 
the  use  of  animal  ligatures  in  surgery,  for  tying   arteries  after  amputa- 
tions, and  also  the   practice  of  cutting  ligatures  short  and  permitting 


The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Ward  Dressing  Carri.ige. 
(The  Latest,  Antiseptic  Model.) 

them  to  become  imbedded  in  the  tissues  and  allowing  them  to  be 
absorbed.  He  devised  a  novel  form  of  treatment  of  cases  of  ununited 
fracture  and  successfully  employed  it  in  a  patient,  thus  saving  a 
limb  that  otherwise  would  have  had  to  be  amputated. 

A  ward  dressing  carriage,  introduced  in   1866,  was  invented  by 
Dr.  Thomas  G.   Morton,  and  at  the  International    Exhibition,  held 


477 


in  Philadelphia,  it  received  the  honor  of  a  certificate  of  award  by  the 
IiistninK'iits,   United  States  Centennial  Commission,  Se|)teml)cr  27,  1.S76. 

Apparaiiis,  pj.   j^^^^  Sync  Dorsev,  in  1811,  licatured  the  external  iliacartery 

tions  dcvisiil   '"  a  patient,  in   the  surgical  ward,  with  recovery  of  the  case.      Ihis 

by  MemliiTs  was  the  first  time  this  operation  had  been  done  in  this  hemisphere. 

of  the- Stair.  Dr.  J.  Rhea  Harton,  in    1826,  operated   by  a   new  and  original 

method  for  relief  of  anchylosis  at  the  hip-joint,  and  succeeded  in  cor- 
recting deformity  and  in  restoring  the  limb  to  usefulness.  The  widely 
celebrated  Pennsylvania  Hos])ital  fracture-box  and  bran  dressing  have 
also  been  ascribed  to  the  practical  mind  of  Dr.  Barton.  Dr.  Joseph  Pan- 
coast  made  the  first  successful  hip-joint  amputation  at  the  Hospital. 
It  was  in  a  man  thirty-eight  years  of  age,  with  a  large  tumor  of  the 
thigh  ;  the  patient  was  discharged  cured  after  forty-eight  days  treat- 
ment in  the  wards. 

The  present  method  of  using  straps  of  adhesive  plaster  for  exten- 
sion and  counter-extension  in  treatment  of  fractures  of  the  thigh  bone, 
with  the  use  of  sandbags  in  the  place  of  splints,  originated  in  the 
surgical  wards  of  this  Hospital,  and  was  first  applied  by  Dr.  Ellerslie 
Wallace,  while  he  was  a  Resident  Physician.  In  1S72,  Dr.  Thomas  G. 
Morton  devised  a  bed  carriage,  consisting  of  a  light  truck  on  four 
wheels,  upon  which  beds  can  be  easily  moved,  and  patients  carried  to 
and  from  the  Clinical  Amphitheatre.  This  useful  ajipliance  is  still 
employed  for  this  purpose  (see  cut). 


ro — 


^J^>:lv;^v^ 


'iSS' 


i*=^ 


^■^' 


■  V  ^'\ 


^ 


The  medical  lectures  have  always  illustrated  the  best  and  most 
approved  methods.  Dr.  Rush  was  the  most  prominent  jjhysician  of 
his  day  and  undoubtedly  influenced  the  practice  of  medicine  injthis 
country  more  than  any  other  member  of  his  profession,  either^before 


478 


or  since  his  time.     In  his  lectures  and  treatment  "  he  paid  very  little 

attention  to  the  name  of  a  disease  and  founded   his  treatment  on  its  Contril)utions 

nature   and    the    conditions   of    the    system.     By  this   course,"  says   '"''*-'  "^'^ 

Prof.  Bigelow',   "he  reduced  his  materia  medicato  a  few  active  medi-   .^j^,)  Medical 

cines  and  so  prepared  the  way  for  the  simplification  of  remedies  that   Science. 

has  been  accomplislied  since  his  day."     His  observations  on  Yellow 

Fever,    Cholera,    Breakbone   Fever,   Hydrophobia,    and    Diseases   of 

Soldiers,  which  are  still  preserved,  embody  the  views  which  he  taught 

in  his  lectures. 

Dr.  Gerhard,  who,  first  established  the  essential  identity  of 
typhoid  fever  as  a  distinct  disease,  was  an  attending  physician  of  the 
Hospital.  Dr.  J.  K.  Mitchell  made  many  original  observations, 
among  which  is  that  of  the  occurrence  of  joint  affections  in  spinal  dis- 
ease, which  Charcot  has  recently  so  greatly  extended.  The  use  of  ice 
in  treatment  of  sunstroke  originated  in  the  wards  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  being  the  successful  treatment  devised  by  the  late  Dr  James 
J.  Levick.  Anaesthetics  for  surgical  operations  by  inhalation  of  ether, 
chloroform,  or  nitrous  oxide  gas,  were  very  promptly  introduced  into 
the  Hospital  after  their  discovery  by  Wells  and  Morton,  and  are  still 
in  daily  use.  In  the  same  way,  antiseptic  treatment  of  wounds  was 
generally  adopted,  several  years  ago,  as  the  practice  of  the  House, 
which  is  fully  abreast  of  the  best  modern  practice  in  its  appliances 
and  treatment  of  the  sick  as  well  as  the  injured. 

In  the  early  days  of  the   Hospital,   patients  were   few  and   the   Medical 

Attending  Physicians  did  not  find  it  necessary  to  have  skilled  medical  Apprentices 

.    ^,        .  ,         -,.        ..  ,         .,  ,,-.,  taken  into 

assistants  ;   in  the  intervals  of  their  visits,  the  sick   were  left  in  the  ..     ^      ... 

'  '  the  Hospital 

care  of  the  matron  or  the  nurses.  Soon  afterwards,  the  number  of  Service, 
the  sick  and  injured  increased,  as  the  public  became  acquainted  with 
the  facilities  offered  by  the  only  building  especially  constructed  for 
general  hospital  purposes  in  the  province,  and  the  Attending  Physi- 
cians brought  with  them  their  office  students,  or  apprentices,  to  follow 
the  practice  of  the  house,  to  apply  dressings,  and  render  other  assist- 
ance. The  Hospital  then  charged  a  fee  for  each  student  thus  admitted 
to  the  lectures  and  demonstrations  in  order  to  purchase  medicines  and 
to  form  a  Medical  Fund  for  the  Library.  In  1773,  the  Managers 
decided  to  take  apprentices  to  live  in  the  house,  in  order  to  learn  the 
art  of  medicine,  as  there  was  no  Medical  College  in  the  country 
at  that  time.  To  the  former  class  of  students,  the  Managers  had 
been  in  the  habit  of  giving  a  certificate  at  the  termination  of  the  term, 
signed  by  the  Managers  and  Medical  Staff,  testifying  to  the  faithful 


*  Century  of  American  Medicine,  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  Phila.,Jan.  1876. 

479 


performance  of  duties,  and  the  com[)lction  of  the  course  of  studies. 

Mtcli.ai    In  the  latter  cases,  an  actual   indenture  was  drawn  up,  by  which  the 

Apprcimcc-s   friends  of  the  apjirentice  regularly  bound  him  to  serve  the  Hospital 

and  Students.     .  .,,^  .»»  ^l- 

for  a  period  of  five  years,  the   Managers   on  their  part  agreeing  to 

instruct  him  in  the  art  of  medicine,  etc.  (See  indenture  opposite.) 
On  leaving  the  Hos])ital  service,  the  young  man  had  a  suit  of 
"  cloathes  "  and  an  engrossed  certificate,  if  he  completed  his  engage- 
ment satisfactorily.  Besides  the  apprentices,  there  were  occasionally 
other  resident  pupils,  and,  as  the  work  in  the  wards  was  not  sufficient 
to  entirely  occui)y  them,  the  Board  atlemjited  to  utilize  their  time  in 
preparing  medicines  for  the  house  and  out-|)atient  department.  This, 
however,  was  soon  found  to  be  impracticable  and  it  was  decided  to 
engage  a  skilled  apothecary  for  this  work. 

As  already  stated  the  Managers  at  first  accepted  the  services 
of  medical  students,  who  acted  as  assistants  to  the  Attending  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons.  Subsequently  these  resident  students  were  made 
regularly  indentured  apprentices.  After  the  establishment  of  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  the  a|)pren- 
tices  attended  lectures  w'hile  serving  the  Hospital  and  usually  graduated 
before  their  term  as  apprentices  had  expired.  Very  many  of  these 
young  men,  after  graduation,  took  a  tour  abroad  and  visited  the 
hos|)itals  of  England  and  Scotland,  or  of  France  and  Germany,  and 
upon  their  return  iiome  were  subsequently  honored  by  election  to  the 
Attending  Medical  Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  Since  the 
year  1824,  the  rule  then  adopted  has  been  strictly  enforced,  requiring 
Residents  to  be  graduates  in  medicine  previous  to  entering  upon  their 
duties  in  the  Hospital. 

In  addition  to  their  duties  in  the  wards  the  early  resident  phy- 
Rfsidciit  sicians  were  also  liable  to  be  called  upon  to  visit  cases  wishing  admis- 
Physiciaiis  sion  into  the  Hospital,  at  their  own  homes,  in  order  to  determine 
whether  or  not  they  could  i)roperly  be  admitted.  They  also  assisted 
at  the  Clinical  Lectures,  and  had  the  benefit  of  the  teaching  of  the 
members  of  the  staff,  in  their  weekly,  or  semi-weekly,  clinical  lectures, 
an  enviable  privilege,  as  it  must  have  been  regarded  by  the  outside 
students,  who  had  by  their  registration  and  fee,  only  obtained  the 
right  to  witness  "  the  practice  of  the  house  "  and  to  attend  the  clinical 
lectures. 

The  first  apprentice,  Thomas  Boulter,  simply  learned  the  "art 
and  mystery  of  the  apothecary  "  and  did  not  study  medicine.  The 
first  House  Physician,  or  Medical  Apprentice,  was  Jacob  Ehrenzeller, 
who  was  appointed  in  1773  and  left  at  the  expiration  of  his  five  years 
term.     A  period   of  eight  years  then  was  allowed   to    pass    without 

480 


1  «■  wmn 


/•-#/, 


f\V,ti,ffrfth.    That   ,"^ 


Witnefleth,  That  •AtTn^ii  Sr(i/6^ I'f'  'f'^'^^'*^ 


'^Vitnefleth/That 


;b 


Accortl,  pothimiaf  Ai-p«>i.iict  <^^^^^^j^f.rA.'/i^i'^'i.>'^'^''^^^^'^^i^      ^ 

—  10  ItjnUt  Aft,  Tr.dc  i»<i  M)l(«y,^  if.d  (Jfc-it^  Mwncr  of  an 

ApPinTfcc)u  faPi  i^././^/  ^oM/n^  c?  /%■'  I'ii^lrJ  /iy  /u  A.-  f^ 
\ fro,inheDi/ofchcD>Khitof,  for,  maauiog,  andiothe 

full  End  Md  Term  of  .V„.;5J^.  y^i/.    .     -  ■*';'' '""'l^- ^'^^^ 

»h,cl.Tt-m,  Ihc  fjid  Atp.{»r,c£,  his  MASrr.  faityfuHy  fli'H  f"«.  b"  S«rra  keep, 
h;,U-fulCommands  every  where  .c^.ly  obey.  Helh»UoooD.m.gerol.T.CudM«Tj. 
Bor  fee  it  done  by  others,  »i.hoo!  letung  or  gmng  Nolice  .0  h.!  Ii.d  Mast..  1  he  (l.,U 
not«»ftehisftidMA>ii.-iGood.,  r.or!ei:d<hrmuol«fullytoanT.  He  Ih.ll  not  commit 
Fo,„ic..bn,  nor  con.raf.  Matrimony,  «,.hin  -he  r..d  Term :  At  C.rd>.  D.ce  or  any  oAer 
onla.tulG.mr,,  he  (hail  nor  piay.  vhen*,  h..  f-id  M.STC.  may  have  Damage  \V,th 
hi.  ».•„  Good,,  ror  .he  Good,  o.  otSen.  ...hnut  Licence  o.  hi,  la«l  M..ra.  he  (hall 
•either  !■■»  nor  (ell.  Hethall  nor  ablent  hunfrlf  Day  Jor  N.ght  fmmh.,la,d  MA.Ta.  . 
Scrvcc-^ithout hi.  Leave:  Nor  haunt  Ale-ho„l«,  V.vern,,  or  Way  houte.  bu.  .0  all 
Thingi  behave  himrc!lAiataithfi.lAPV>i»T.ct,oui;bt  tod. 
the  laid  .\fASTta  (hali  ulc  theutmoL'.of  Ins 

tauRhtwdinftruaed,  iheCtii  App«ewtic. .       .  y     ^    . 

*  -_j — -«..  n«,v.,.ie  him    lufficient  Meat 


Drink,  f««w.'(li<v«»' Lodgings 

ior  an  AppiCHTlcc,  duruig  the  Caid  T-™  ' 

//^M^/^/irmJ'  //t^/  Arm    ir^f- 


varing  ibe  fji  J  Term    Awl 
EnJeavour  to  teich  artd  irftfuct,  orcaolc  robe 

in  ilic  Trade  or  Myftcry  of  An  O^^^^^^i 
and  procure  and  provic 


./T. 


fining 


ioran  A^pitNTicri  dunngtbcCud  Term  of  .^j^^-^v  A/^  ^z*^ 


i^-^44^ 


^^A,>, 


'///''■'   £iT7lt-^if^ 


\ 


4.. 


As  o  for  the  t.ue  Performance  of  all  and  fmgular  the  ii  -enints  and  Agreements  afore  aid, 
the  faid  ?ani«  bind  themlclves  each  unto  the  other  firr.ly  by  .hele  Prdeon.  Ik  Wjtai,, 
«hereof,  the  la.d  Fames  have  interchangeably  fet  tha  Hand.aod  SealshereuMO. 


Ihc  I 


Va« 


'i 


Day  of 


DiMd 

„,i-  .,.,„,     . ,-       inthe   ..-ii*?  Year 

of  theRei^gnofoorLord  GEORGE  the  TBIrd,  King  of  .Jrr.-.-.gnloa.  &c.     and 
in  the  Year  of  our  LORD  One  Thouiand,  Seven  Hoidred,  and  Sutiy  .^'V 


f^n-^a-. 


if 


^tf^l,yl^4j. 


APOTHECARY'S   INDENTUR 


.  frVTtlWtT  00..  PNIU. 


electing  his  successor,  but,  in  1786,  William  Gardener  was  indentured, 

who  also  served  for  five  years.     Edward  Cutbush  was  the  third  in  order   Risidcnt 

r  ■  ,  .  ,  ■  ,  J  -1  u        1        Pliysicians. 

of  succession  ;  he  was  elected  in  1790  and  served  until  1794.  when  he 

was  graduated  by  the  Medical  Department  of  the    University.     Dr. 

Benjamin  Rush  was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Redman  and  attended  the  lectures, 

but  was  not  an  apprentice  or  resident  within  the  Hos|)ital.    1  )rs.  .Samuel 

Betton,  \Vm.  P.  C.  Barton,  Samuel  Colhoun,  and  William  Price  were 

graduates  in  medicine  before  becoming  apprentices,  as  were  Drs.  Robert 

J.   Clarke,   Southey   S.   Satchell   and   Charles  B.   Jaudon,    who  were 

appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  terms  of  other  apprentices. 

In  1824,  two  Resident  Physicians  were  elected.  Dr.  Caspar  Wistar 

for   two  years,  and   Dr.    Caspar   Morris,    to   serve    for   three    years. 

The  number  of  Residents  continued  to   be  two  until,  at   a  meeting 

held  May,  1848,  it  was  resolved  to  increase  the  number  to  three,  each 

to  serve  for  two  years.     A  few  years  later,  the  term  was  reduced  to 

eighteen  months,  and  subsequently  (in   1888)  this  was  increased   to 

twenty  months,  the  first  four  months  to  be  spent  in  the  Department 

for  the  Insane  and  the  remainder  of  the  service  divided  between  the 

Medical   and  the  Surgical  Wards  in  the  Department  for  the  sick  and 

injured.     A  fourth  Resident  Physician  was  added   in  response  to  the 

following : 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Medical  Staff,  held  May  iSth,  1S77,  tlie  followiiiK  was 
adopted  : 

Resolved,  that  we  respectfully  ask  the  Board  of  Managers  to  appoint  an 
additional  resident  Physician  to  the  Hospital,  on  account  of  thegre.atly  increased 
duties  required  of  the  Residents. 

Early  in  1894  the  Board  appointed  a  sixth  Resident  Physician 
and  increased  the  term  to  twenty-four  months. 

On  leaving  the  Hospital  at  the  termination  of  the  period  of  service 
of  each  Resident  Physician,  it  is  customary  for  the  Managers  to  ])ass  a 
complimentary  vote  acknowledging  faithful  service  and  giving  the 
privilege  of  the  use  of  the  Library  and  the  practice  of  the  House. 

The  Association    of  the    Ex-Resident    Physicians  of  the  Penn-   Association  of 
sylvania    Hospital   was   organized    in    the    year    1885,    for   the    pur-   E.\-Ri.sidcnt 
pose  of  reviving  old  friendships,  developing  fraternal   intercourse  as      i>snians. 
Physicians,  and  to  show  the  continued  interest  of  its  members  in  the 
welfare  of  an  institution  that  had  contributed  largely  to  their  profes- 
sional education. 

Being  the  oldest,  active  Ex-Resident,  Prof.  Henry  H.  Smith,'  of 
Phila.,  was  chosen,  at  the  first  meeting,  President  of  the  Association  and 
a  Committee  of  Arrangements  was  appointed,  to  serve  for  each  annual 

'Died,  March,  1890. 

481 


meeting,  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  being  the  Senior  Resident 
Physician  of  each  year.  These  Chairmen  have  been  as  follows:  in  1885, 
Dr.  OrviUe  Horwitz ;  1886,  Dr.  Thomas  S.  K.  Morton;  1887, 
Dr.  Samuel  B.  Shoemaker;  1888,  Dr.  Walter  D.  Creen.  Four  other 
members  of  the  .Association,  including  one  of  the  Staff,  constituted 
the  Committee  for  each  year. 

Annual  Mii-i-  The  annual  meetings  of  the  Association  arc  held  in    the  Library 

inRshi'ldat   of  the  Hosjiital,  on  Pine  Street,  through  the  courtesy  of  the  Board  of 

tiie  liospn.i .    Manj,g(.|-s^  and  a  simple  repast  (paid  for  by  the  Association)  encourages 

social  intercourse.     Occasionally,  papers  of  general  medical  interest, 

or  connected  with  the    history  of  the   Institution,  or  its    "  inedited 

legends,"  are  jjresented  by  some  member  of  the  Association  ;  though 

the  main  object  of  each  meeting  is  the  preservation  of  a  Brotherhood 

between  the  Resident  Physicians  of  the  various  periods   of  service. 

This   Association    has   been    previously    referred   to    in    these   pages 

(page  103). 

SuUsiquciit  The  following  Ex-Residents  became   widely  known   in  Philadcl- 

Carcer  of  pi^j^  and  elsewhere  for  their  professional  skill,  much  of  their   reputa- 

„,    \  .  tion  being  due  to  the  training  and  knowledge  thev  acciuired  in  serving 

Pnvsicians.  '^  c  .-^  .         i  o 

the  institution :  Samuel  Cooper,  Thomis  Horsefield,  Joseph  Harts- 
horne,  Samuel  C.  Hopkins,  Samuel  Betton,  John  Wilson  Moore, 
Benjamin  S.  Janney,  John  Rhea  Barton,  Benjamin  H.  Coates,  Jason 
O'B.  Lawrence,  'I'homas  H.  Ritchie,  Reynell  Coates,  Caspar  Wistar, 
Caspar  Morris,  George  Fox,  Thomas  Stewardson,  Jr.,  George  W. 
Norris,  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  Wni.  W.  Gerhard,  John  F.  Meigs, 
Edward  Hartshorne.  Many  others,  yet  living,  also  illustrate  the  value 
of  the  clinical  experience  obtained  while  serving  as  Residents  in  the 
Hospital. 
Early  De.-itlis  Some  of   the  Resident  Physicians  who  gave   promise  of  great 

amonn  usefulness  in  their  profession  died  soon  after  entering  upon  the  active 
Phvsiciaiis  ^1"''^*  of  their  profession,  shortly  after  leaving  the  Hospital.  Among 
these  was  Samuel  Cooper  (1792-97),  who  ])erished  while  acting  as 
assistant  jjhysician  at  the  Yellow  Fever  Hospital,  during  the  epidemic 
in  Philadelphia  of  the  year  1798.  Dr.  Edward  Rhoads  (1864-65), 
died  with  the  dropsy  and  Bright's  disease  a  few  months  after  leaving 
the  Hospital.  Horace  Binney  Hare  (1866-67),  perished  with 
pulmonary  disease  at  the  beginning  of  a  most  brilliant  career. 
Elliott  Richardson  (1868-70),  lived  to  serve  the  Institution  for 
several  years  as  surgeon  to  the  Out-Palient  Department,  but  died 
before  he  had  reaped  the  reward  of  his  industry  and  application. 
Edward  W.  Jameson  (1873-75),  began  practice  in  a  western  city  and 
was  stricken  with  pneumonia  within   a   few  years  after   leaving   the 

482 


Hospital.  Frank  C.  Hand  (i<S77-78),  received  an  appointment  in  the 
Out-Patient  Department  and  was  preparing  for  active  professional 
life  when  he  was  suddenly  called  away.  John  G.  Lee  (1880-81), 
lived  for  a  longer  period,  and  was  the  Physician  to  the  Coroner's 
Office  for  several  years  before  his  death.  George  T.  Lewis  (1882-83), 
Charles  Meigs  Wilson  (1883-84),  and  Samuel  B.  Shoemaker 
(1886-87),  also  did  not  survive  many  years  their  service  as  Resident 
Physicians  in  the  Hospital ;  the  latter,  having  been  elected  to  the  Out- 
Patient  Department,  died  April  2,  1893,  shortly  after  his  appointment. 

MEMBERS  OF  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  STAFF 


oat 


65 
69 


4 
54 

40 

3' 
26 

64 
28 

37 

y 


41 

75 
60 
29 
6t 

33 
43 
62 

13 
17 
66 

27 
18 


57 
68 
74 
70 
42 


Name 


.^gnew,  D.  Hayes 
Ashhurst,  Jolin,  Jr. 


{1 


Elected 


March  27,  1865 
May  7.  1877 
May       2,  1S87 


Resigned  or 
Died 


May  29,  1 871.  R 
April  17,  1S84.  R 
In  office    .... 


Barton,  Benj  Smitli     .    .   .    Jan.      29,1798 
Barton,  John  Rhea  ....     .March  31,  1823 

Bond,  Phineas       Oct.      23,  1751 

Bond,  Thomas ,  Oct.      23,  1751 


'  Cadwalader,  Thomas®  . 
,  Carson,  Joseph     .  .   .    . 

Coates,  BenJ.  H 

Colhoun,  Sanniel  .   .    .    . 

Coxe,John  Redman    .    . 


Da  Costa,  Jacob  M. 
Dorsey,  John  Syng  . 


Dec.  19,  iSi5,D 

Aug.  29,  1S36,  R 

June  n,  1773,  D 

Mar.  26.  1784,  D 


Oct       23,1751     May    12,  1777,  R 
July      30,  1849  I  May      2,  1S54,  R 


May 
May 

May 


12,  1828 

13,  1816 
10   1802 


Emien,  Samuel,  Jr. 
Evans,  Cadwalader 

Foulke.  John  .... 
,  Fox,  George  .... 


:  Jan       30,  1865 
,  ,  May       7,  1810 

March  31,  1823 
.    June       4-  1759 


Gerhard,  Wm.  W.   .   .   . 
1  Graeme,  Thomas*    .   .   . 

;  Harris,  Thomas    .    .    .    . 
I  Harte,  Richard  H.   .    .    . 

Hartshorne,  Edward 
■  Harlshoine.  Joseph     .   . 
,  Hewson,  AddineH    .    .    . 

Hewsoii,  Thos.  Tickell 

Hodge,  Hugh  L 

Hunt,  William 


May 
May 


II,  1784 
8,  1S48 


June     30,  1S45 
Oct.      23,  1751 


Hutchinson, James     .   , 
Hutchinson,  James  H. 

James,  Thos.  Chalkley 
Jones,  John 


Kuhn,  Adam  . 


March 

Nov. 

June 

July 

Jan. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

May 

Nov. 

May 

Jan. 
June 
May 

Aug. 
Jan. 


30,  1829 
27. 1S93 

27,  'S59 
3,  1810 

28,  1861 
30,  181S 
26,  1 832 
28, 1 863 
12, 1777 

9,  1779 
2,  1868 

26,  1807 

2,S,  1810 

27,  1780 

29,  1774 

28,  1782 


Levick,  James  J March    3,  1856 

Levis,  Richard  J May      29,1871 

Lewis,  MorrisJ I  Jan.      27,1890 

Longstreth,  Morris     .   .   .     Nov.     24,  1879 
Lukens,  Charles I  May     11,  1829 


Feb.  22,  1841,  R 
May  14,  1821,  R 
Jan.     26,  1S07,  R 


In  office    .... 
Nov.   12,  1818,  D 


April  17,  1828,  D 
June   30,  1773,  D 

May    12,  1794,  R 
Mar.  27,  1S54,  R 

May      2,  1S6S,  R 
Sept.    4,  1772,  D 


I 


Dec  8, 
In  office 
Mar.  27, 
Sept.  5, 
April  30, 
Mav  11, 
Feb.  27, 
Nov.  27, 
May  2, 
Sept.  5. 
Dec.    26, 


1840,  R 


iS6s,  R 
1S21,  R 
1877,  R 
1835.  R 
I<-54.  R 
189?,  R 
1778,  R 

1793, U 

188.),  D 


June  2S.  l8!0,  R 
Nov.  25,  1832,  R 
June   23,  1791,  D 

May  14,  1781,  R 
Jan.     29,  1798,  R 

Aug.  31,  1868,  R 
May  2,  1887,  R 
In  office  .... 
In  office  ... 
Aug.  26,  1839,  R 


Term  of  Service 


Year 


.Mo. 


30 


Day 


28 
18 
3 

>9 


>4 


t6 
26 


«9 


26 
24 

29 

1 
26 

■5 


28 

3 


483 


MEMBERS  OF  MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  STAFF  (continued) 


2  3  t 

5  Eel 


7> 
•19 
67 
S8 
39 
II 
M 
36 
S 
10 

l6 

63 

55 
47 


56 
>4 
32 
SO 
5' 
J4 
35 


46 
6 


S 
■5 
3a 
59 
48 

23 
45 


Klccltil 


RfslKiied  or 


MciKS,  Arthur  \' 

Meigs,  Charles  D 

Meifis,  James  Aitken  .  .  . 
I  Mcifis,  lohn  Forsvtli 

Mitchell,  John  K 

Muoie,  Charles     ,   .       .   . 

Moore,  John 

Moore.  John  Wilson   .   .   . 
Moore,  Sarnl.  Preston* 

Morgan,  John { 

Morton,  Thomas  G.    .   .  . 


Ncill,John.   .   .    . 
Norris,  George  \V. 

Olio,  John  C.     .  . 


Nov. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Feb. 

May 

July 

May 

Oct. 

Oct. 

June 

May 

Feb. 


28.  iSR: 

30,  iSj9 

31,  1S68 
2h.  1^59 
14,  1827 
26.  1773 
19,  iSjo 

29,  iS2I 

23.  "75' 
2S,  1773 
12,  1778 
29,  1.S64 


In  office 
July    30, 

.Nov.  q, 
Nov.  2S, 
May  12, 
Aug.  29, 
April  27, 
Jan.  2>, 
June  4, 
May  12. 
May  24, 
In  office 


1R49,  R 
1879.  U 
is,Si,  R 
1S34.  R 
■774.  R 
1829,  R 
1827,  R 
17.S9.  R 
■777.  R 
■783,  R 


May       4,  i8s2    June   27, 1859.  R 
Aug.     29,  1836    Sept.  28, 1863,  R 

June     28,  1813    Oct.    26. 1835.  R 


Packard, John  H.  .  . 
Pancoast.  Joseph  .  .  . 
Parke,  Thomas  .  .  . 
Parrish.  Joseph 
Peace,  Edward  .... 
Pepper,  William  .  .  . 
Physick.  Philip  Syng  . 

Price,  William 1  May 

Oct. 

Randolph,  Jacob May 

Redman,  John* I  Ocl. 

Kush,  Hcnjamin 1  May 

Rush.  William '  May 


April     17,  i88.t     In  oflice 
March  27,  18.54     Feb.    29, 


May 
June 
Dec. 
May 
May 


2,  1777  Ian.  27, 

24,  1S16  Feb.  23. 

8,  1840  Jan.  2S, 

9,  1842  Dec.  27, 
■  2,  1794  June  24, 
14,  1821  Oct.  29, 
29,  1821  :  May  12, 


1864.  R 
■823.  R 
1829,  R 
1861,  R 
■8sS.  R 
i8l6,  R 
1821 
■823,  R 


11,1835  Pcb.  29,1848,0 
23.  i/Si  ,  May  8,  1780,  D 
26,  17S3  April  19,  1813,  D 
12,  1834  I  Sept.  25,  ■837,  R 


Shippen,  William  .  .  . 
Shippen,  William,  Jr.  . 
Smith,  Francis  Gurney  . 
Stewardson,  Thos.  .   .   . 


March    ■■  1753  ,  May  2,  1778,  R 

2,1778    May  10,  1779,  R 

27,  1791     May  10,  1802,  R 

'May       9,  1S59     Dec.  26,  1864,  R 

May      II,  1838  I  June  30, 1845,  R 


(    May 
I    June 


Wistar,  Caspar  . 
Wood,  George  B. 


3      Zacbary,  Lloyd 


Nov. 
Ocl. 


6.  ^793     May 
26,  1835    May 


7,  1880,  R 
9.  1859.  R 


Oct.      23, 1751    Mar.     i,  1753,  R 


Term  of  Service 


Year    Mo. 


32 
6 
I 

8 
S 
7 
3 
S 


7 
»7 


9 
45 


29 
3 


16 
23 


II 
8 

7 


Day 


8 
38' 


II 

■4 


»3 
29 


•S 
»9 


•5 
>3 

18 
>S 
23 
13 


8 
■3 
17 
19 


■3 


In  addition  to  the  above,  two  physicians  were  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff,  but  did  not 
accept  the  appointment,  viz. ;  Dr.  Clarkson,  May  10,  1779,  and  Dr.  Samuel  P.  Griffith,  May  12, 
1794. 

*  Elected  as  a  Member  of  Consulting  Staff  (see  page  440). 


484 


The  Library. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  HOSPITAL  PHYSICIANS 


Thomas  Graeme,  born  in  BaJKowan, 
Perthshire,  October  20,  16S8,  was  de- 
scended from  an  ancient  family  in  Scot- 
land and  came  to  America  with  Gov- 
ernor Keith. 

In  1726,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Pro- 
vincial Council ;  and  on  the  8th  of  April, 
1731,  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the   Province,  a  position 


which  he  retained  until  1750.  In  1751 
he  was  appointed  consulting  Surgeon  in 
extraordinary  cases,  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital.  He,  for  many  years,  was  Col- 
lector of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia.  Dr. 
Graeme  was  the  first  President  of  the  St. 
•Andrew's  Society  and  was  an  original 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society. 

The  "  Pennsylvania  Gazette  "  of  Sep- 
tember 9.  1772,  contains  the  following  : 

"  On  Friday  last,  September  4,  1772, 
died  suddenly,  at  his  seat  at  Graeme 
Park,  Thomas  firaeme,  Esq.,  M.  D.,  aged 
eighty-four  years.  Naval  Officer  of  the 
Port  of  Philadelphia.  He  was  descended 
from  an  ancieiU  family  in  Scotland,  and 
possessed  all  the  natural  talents  of  a 
Gentleman,  improved  by  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, lie  was  blest  with  a  clear  Head,  a 
Masculine  l'n<lerstanding,  and  a  happy 
Sagacity,  which  justly  placed  him  for 
Half  a  Century  at  the  Head  of  his  Pro- 
fession, as  a  Physician,  in  this  city.  His 
Practice  was  fair  and  honorable,  dis- 
tinguished as  well  by  his  Medical  Abili- 
ties and  connnunicative  Temper,  as  by  a 
natural  Philaiuhropy,  that  led  him 
equally  to  the  most  aflectionate  and  dili- 
gent .■Attendance  on  all  his  Patients,  and 


485 


til  llu>  cliarilaliU-  Relief  of  tlic  mimerous 
I'o.ir  will)  apjilii-il  til  liiiii.  lie  likewise 
loiiK  filled  an  iiiiportaiit  civil  iilVue,  c  losely 
connected  with  the  Trading  Interest  of 
this  Province  ;  and,  liatinK  C^ovetousness, 
conducted  himself  therein  with  so  much 
justice  and  Mmleratinn,  that  he  carried 
to  the  (irave  with  him,  a  character  iini- 
versallv  beloved  for  InteKrity  in  his 
public  Trust,  as  well  as  for  the  Amiable 
Virtues  of  Humanity  in  liis  private  Sta- 
tion. Krom  Temperance,  and  an  extraor- 
dinary N'lKor  of  Constitution,  he  attained 
fullness  of  Years. 

"  He  was  interred  Sunday  Forenoon, 
in  Christ  Church-yard,  in  this  city,  and 
the  Ksteem  in  which  he  lived,  was  testi- 
fied by  the  i;reat  concourse  of  respect- 
able rnliabitanls  of  all  nenominalions. 
who  attended  his  funeral." 


In  173S  he  married  I  lannah,  daunhler 
of  Thomas  l.ambert. 

He  died  November  14.  1779,  aged  sev- 
enty-two years. 

SAMfKl.      I'RKSTON     MlHlKi:,      bom      ill 

Philadelphia,  in  1710,  was  the  son  of 
Richard  and  Margaret  1*.  Moore.  His 
mother  was  the  daughter  ol  Samuel 
Preston,  the  Counsellor,  his  father  was  a 
physician,  and  for  several  years  a  Com- 
mon Councilman  of  Philadelphia.  Dr. 
Moore  w.as  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  in  1751  a  Consultant  in  extra- 
ordiiiarv  c.ises,  and  resinned  in  1759. 

He  was  the  fourth  Treasurer  of  the 
Hospital  and  served  as  such  from  1768  to 
1769. 

( Jn  .^llKllst  I2,I7.TO.  lie  married  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Doctor  Richard  Hill. 

Dr.  Moore  was  Trustee  of  the  General 
Loan  Office  and  Provincial  Treasurer 
from  December  4,  1754,  to  October  15, 
1768. 

He  died  July  15,  1785,  in  the  seventy- 
fifth  year  of  his  age. 

John  Rkoman  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, February  27,  1722,  and  studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  John  Kearsley,  Jr. 
He  then  visited  Beriiiu<la  and  remained 
there  for  several  ye.irs.  Subse(|Ueiilly  he 
resided  in  Kdinburgli  one  year  ;  attended 
lectures,  ilissections  and  hospitals  in 
Paris,  and  w.is  graduated  at  Leydeii,  July 
15,  174S.  After  remainini;  some  time  at 
(iuy's  Hospital,  I.oiulnii,  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia  and  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  medicine. 

Dr.  Redman  was  a  member  of  Com- 
mon c:ouncil  in  1751  ;  a  Trustee  of  the 
College  of  Philadelphia  in  1765,  and  later 


Thomas  CAii\VAi.Ai>i:K,  .M.  D..  was 
born  in  Philadelphia  about  1707.  After 
finishing  his  studies  lure  he  completed 
his  medical  education  in  Kurope. 

On  his  return  to  Philadelphia,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine. 

In  1765  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Provinci.-il  Council.  He  became  a  member 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  in 
1768,  and  vice-president  in  1769.  He 
also  was  a  Member  of  the  Society  for 
Promoting  Useful  Knowledge  ;  and 
Medical   Director  of  llie  Army  Hos|>ital. 

Dr.  Cadwalader  published  an  Kssay  on 
"  the  Iliac  P.assion  "  in  1740,  and  also  an 
"Essay  on  the  West  India  Dry  Cripes, 
with  the  Method  of  Curing  that  Great 
Distemper,"  to  which  was  added  an  "  Kx- 
traordinary  Case  in  Physic,  Printed  and 
sold  by  B.  Franklin  1745  " 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  StafT  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1751,  and 
resigned  1777. 


the  President  (1786  to  1805).  He  was  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians from    1787   to   1808,    and   its  first 


486 


President  (1786  to  i8o5).  He  served  lor 
many  years  as  Trustee  of  the  College  of 
New  Jersey.  He  was  an  elder  of  the 
Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Philadel- 
phia, in  1784. 

Dr.  Redman  was  elected  one  of  the 
Considting  Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  in  1751,  an<l  resigned  in  17S0. 
In  1759  he  published  "  .■\  Defence  of 
Inoculation." 

He  was  highly  respected  in  the  com- 
munity on  account  of  his  benevolent 
character  and  professional  skill  ;  the  fol- 
lowing little  gem  preserved  among  the 
papers  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  who  was 
his  pupil,  shows  his  e.xalted  views  of  tile 
medical  profession  : 

"  Dr.  Redman's  Toast — The  dignity 
and  success  of  the  healing  art  ;  and  long 
health  and  competent  wealth,  and  e.\- 
ciuisite  happiness  to  the  individual  prac- 
titioner who  makes  the  health,  and  com- 
fort and  happiness  of  his  fellow  mortals 
one  of  the  chief  ends  and  delights  of  his 
life,  and  acts  therein  from  motives  that 
render  him  superior  to  alt  the  difficulties 
he  may  have  to  encounter  in  the  pursuit 
thereof." 

Dr.  Redman  died  March  19,  1808,  aged 
eighty-si.x  years. 


Lloyd  Z.\chakv,  the  son  of  Daniel 
and  Elizabeth  Zacliary  (who  was  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  one  of"  The 
five  Commissioners  appointed  by  Penn- 
sylvania ;"  also  President  of  the  Council, 
and  subsequently  Deput\'  (lovernor  of 
the  Province),  was  born  in  Boston, 
November  15,  1701. 

Being  orjihaned  early  in  life,  he  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia  to  live  with  an 
uncle,  Mr.  Hills. 

After  finishing  his  academical  educa- 
tion, he  studied  medicine  under  Dr. 
John  Kearsley,  and  in  1723  went  to 
Europe,  where  he  remained  three  years. 


On  his  return  to  Philadelphia,  he  com- 
menced the  [>ractice  of  medicine  and 
soon  became  eminent  in  his  professi<m. 
In  1729,  he  was  made  Health  Officer  of 
the  Port  of  Phila<iel|)hia  in  conjunction 
with  Dr.  Thomas  (iraeme,  whom  he  suc- 
ceeded in  September,  1741  ;  but  resigned 
the  same  month.  He  was  one  oi  the 
founders  of  the  College  of  Philadelphia, 
also  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Hospital 
and  a  member  of  the  first  Medical  Staff. 
Being  stricken  with  paralysis  in  March, 
1753,  he  resigned,  but  his  devotion  to  the 
Hospital  only  ceased  with  his  life. 

His  will  contained  the  liberal  be- 
quest of  ^350  to  the  Institution,  with 
lorty-three  volumes  and  a  numf)er  of 
pamphlets  for  the  Library. 

He  died  September  26,  1756,  in  the 
fifty-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

Thomas  Bond  was  born  in  Calvert 
County,  Maryland,  in  1712,  and  studied 
under  Dr.  Hamilton,  also  of  Calvert 
County.  He  also  travelled  in  Europe  and 
spent  considerable  time  in  the  Paris 
Hospitals. 

Dr.  Bond  began  practice  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1732.  He  first  suggested  to 
Franklin,  about  1751,  the  idea  of  estab- 
lishing a  small  Provincial  Hospital  for 
the  sick  and  injured,  and  lunatics,  which 
resulted  in  the  founding  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  first  Medical  Staff  from  1751  to  1784. 

In  1766,  he  instituted  the  first  course  of 
clinical  lectures  in  the  Hospital,  and 
wrote  some  useful  medical  memoirs, 
afterwards  published  in  London.  He 
was  original  member  and  an  officer  of 
the  American  Philosophical  Society  from 
its  first  establishment  and,  in  1782,  he 
delivered  the  annual  address  before  that 
society  on  'The  Rank  of  Man  in  the 
Scale  of  Being." 

Dr.  Bond  joined  St.  John's,  the  first 
lodge  in  .America  of  Freemasons,  on 
the  third  of  June,  1734,  and  was  appointed 
Senior  Grand  Warden  of  the  Grand 
Lodge,  in  1755,  by  Grand  Master  William 
Allen. 

.At  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution, 
Dr.  Bond,  then  past  his  si.xtieth  year, 
tendered  his  services  to  his  country,  in 
the  following  letter,  dated  December  4, 
17/6,  to  the  Committee  of  Safety,  which 
received  a  favorable  response  and  both 
father  and  son  rendered  distinguished 
services  to  the  .•\merican  cause  by  organ- 
izing the  Medical  Department  of  the 
Army 

"  When  I  see  so  many  of  my  Friends 
and  valuable  fellow-citizens  exposing 
themselves  to  the  Horrors  of  War,  I  think 
it  my  indispensable  Duty  to  make  a 
tender  of  the  best  services  in  my  Power, 
upon  condition  that  I  can  have  the  joint 


487 


assistance  of  my  Smi  in  tin-  )»ri-at  undcr- 
t.'ikiiiK,  who,  I  am  certain,  you  will  find  on 
Knqiiiry.  has  alrcaily  dislinKnisliccI  him- 
self in  this  dti>artm<.nt. 

"  As  I  am  told  many  of  the  sick  are 
near  the  city,  the  sooner  this  matter  is 
concluded  on,  the  better." 

The  "  Pennsylvania  Gazette"  of  April 
3,  I7.'<4,  states  that 

"  lie  was  one  of  a  few  gentlemen  who 
planned  the  first  seminary  of  learning  in 
this  city,  on  which  was  soon  afterwards 
engrafted  to  the  College  of  Philadel- 
phia, afterwards  the  I'niversity  of  the 
Slate  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was,  to  the 
last,  a  faitliful  Trustee  of  it  ;  and  when 
the  medical  schools  were  liuilt  on  this 
foundation,  the  gentlemen  who  proposed 
and  digested  the  measure  thought  it 
necessary  to  the  design,  that  it  should 
enjoy  the  aid  of  the  Dr's.  skill  and  experi- 
ence by  his  delivering  amiually  to  the 
pupils  a  course  of  Clinical  Lectures  in 
the  Hospital.  On  this  occasion,  he  nnisl 
have  received  peculiar  satisfaction  in 
being  connected  in  his  medical  inslrnc 
tions  with  an  institution  which  at  the 
same  time  that  it  reflects  the  highest 
honor  on  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  nut  at 
first  with  difficulties,  which  were  removicl 
by  a  voluntary  ofier  of  the  Doctor,  and 
two  other  eminent  physicians,  to  give 
their  professional  services  to  the  pro- 
jected Hospital,  a  promise  which  he  has 
ever  since  faithfiilly  fulfilled,  besides  con 
tributing  to  it  in  a  pecuniary  way,  am! 
encountering  the  early  difficulties  of  the 
design  by  serving  as  one  of  its  first 
Managers. 

"  He  was  a  principal  founder  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  ;  he 
always  took  a  leading  part  in  what  tended 
to  the  honour  and  usefulness  of  the  de- 
sign and  was  its  first  Vice-President,  in 
which  station  he  continued  to  his  death. 

"  When,  of  late  years,  some  public- 
spirited  gcntlenien  had  formed  them- 
selves into  a  Humane  Society,  for  the 
recovery  of  persons  supposed  to  be 
drowned  :  they,  soon  after  their  estab- 
lishment, elected  FJr.  Bond  their  Presi- 
dent, with  great  propriety,  placing  at  the 
head  of  such  an  institution  a  gentleman, 
whose  practice  was  not  more  distin 
guished  by  any  one  circumstance,  than 
his  humane  attendance  on  tht)Se  whom  he 
knew  to  be  unable  to  make  satisfaction 
for  his  services. 

"  On  Sunday  his  remains  were  interred 
in  Christ  Church  burial  ground,  with  such 
an  attendance  of  his  fellow-citizens,  as 
was  due  to  the  memory  of  a  gentleman, 
who  had  gone  through  life  inollensively 
to  all  men  :  with  good  humour  and  kind- 
ness to  the  whole  circle  of  his  acquaint- 
ance :  and  with  fidelity  and  afTection  to 
his  friends." 


On  the  tombstone  in  Christ  Church  is 
the  following  : 

"In  Memory  of  Thomas  Bond,  M.I), 
who  practised  Physic  and  Surgery  with 
signal  reputation  anti  success  nearly  halt 
a  Century  lamented  and  beloved  by 
many,  respecteil  and  esteemed  by  all,  and 
adorned  by  literary  honors  sustained  by 
him  with  dignity.  He  departed  this  life 
March  26,  17.S4.     .Aged  72  years. 


PlIINKAS  BiiNl)  was  born  in  Maryland 
in  1717.  After  being  educated  in  the 
place  of  his  nativity  he  stutlied  metlicine 
ami  passed  a  considerable  time  at  Ley- 
den,  Paris,  K<linliurgh.  and  London.  In 
conjunction  with  Thomas  Hopkinson, 
Tench  Francis  and  Richard  Peters,  he 
organized  the  College,  now  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  first  Board  of  Trustees. 

Dr.  Bond,  was  a  member  of  Connnon 
Council  of  Philadelphia  from  1747  until 
his  death.  He  was  one  of  the  founilers 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
also  of  the  Society  of  St.  George  anil  the 
Hand  in  Hand  Fire  Company. 

Dr.  Bond,  with  his  brother.  Dr. 
Thomas  Bond,  took  an  active  part  in  the 
organization  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital and  was  a  mend)erof  the  first  med- 
ical staff  and  served  from  1751  until  his 
decease. 

He  died  June  II,  I7"3,  aged  fifty-six 
years. 

The  following  extract  is  from  "The 
Pennsylvania  Gazette  "  of  June  14,  1773  : 

"  Early  on  Friday  morning  last,  to  the 
inexpressible  grief  of  all  who  knew  him, 
departeil  this  life  in  his  fiftvsi.xth  year. 
Dr.  Phineas  Bon<l.  a  gentleman  long  and 
justly  acknowledged  to  be  of  the  first 
eminence  in  his  profession.  Learned, 
judicious,  and  rational, a  sagacious  ob- 
server and  diligent  follower  of  nature  ; 


488 


nobly  raised  above  every  low  art  or  | 
vulgar  prejudice ;  he  soon  acquired  a  ; 
reputation  alike  solid  and  unenvied. 
Honest,  candid,  cheerful,  and  sincere  ;  of 
manners  gentle,  and  conversation  in- 
structive ;  manifesting  the  very  soul  of 
benevolence  and  humanity  in  all  his  con- 
duct ;  he  was  one  of  those  happy-tem- 
pered men  who  could  not  be  known  with- 
out being  loved,  and  therefore  hardly 
ever  had  a  patient  in  whom  he  had  not  a 
friend.  As  his  practice  was  extensive, 
it  is  not  to  be  wondered  then,  that  we 
have,  perhaps,  never  had  among  us  a 
person  in  whose  life  more  good  men  of 
all  ranks  and  denominations  seemed  to 
have  interested  themselves,  than  in  his. 
This  was  abundantly  evidenced  by  his 
afi'ectionate  fellow  citizens,  as  well  dur- 
ing his  last  illness,  as  at   his  interment." 

William  Shippen,  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, October  i,  1712,  studied  medicine 
under  Dr.  John  Kearsley,  Jr. 

He  was  a  delegate  from  Pennsylvania 
to  the  Continental  Congress,  November 
20,  17-8,  and  again  November  13,  1779. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  in  1767,  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent in  1779.  He  was  also  a  founder  of 
the  Second  Presbyterian  Church  of  which 
he  was  a  member  ;  Trustee  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia,  and  one  of  its 
founders,  and  during  the  greater  part  of 
his  life  he  was  a  Trustee  of  the  College 
of  New  Jersey. 

Actuated  by  a  patriotic  desire  to  aid  in 
supplying  the  deficiency  of  means  to 
obtain  a  medical  education  in  the  Col- 
onies, he  gave  his  son  the  advantage  of 
the  best  training  in  the  profession  and 
sent  him  to  Europe.  On  his  return,  in 
1782,  he  encouraged  him  to  deliver  a 
course  of  lectures  on  Anatomy,  and  thus 
prepared  the  way  for  the  establishment 
of  a  Medical  School  in  America. 

Dr.  Shippen  was  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in 
1751,  and  resigned  in  1778. 

He  died  November  4,  1801,  aged  eighty 
nine  years. 

His  mode  of  life  was  simple  and  it  was 
said  that  up  to  his  final  illness  he  had 
never  tasted  wine  nor  spirits.  His  temper 
was  never  ruffled  and  his  benevolence 
was  without  stint. 

C.ai>w.\lai)i;r  Evans  was  one  of  the 
first  ])uiiils  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bond.  On 
completing  his  studies  here,  he  sailed  for 
England  with  the  view  of  finishing  his 
medical  education  at  Edinburgh.  At  this 
time  war  existed  between  Spain.  France 
and  England,  and  the  vessel  in  which  he 
sailed  was  captured  by  a  Spanish  priva- 
teer and  carried  on  to  Hayti,  where 
he  was  attacked  by  a  severe  fever.  After- 


wards he  went  to  Jamaica,  where  he 
engaged  in  medical  practice  for  about 
two  years,  when  he  sailed  for  F;ngland. 

Having  resided  a  year  at  Edinburgh, 
and  London,  he  returned  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in 
Philadelphia. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1759,  in 
which  position  he  continued  until  his 
death,  June  30,  177,5. 

He  was  buried  in  Friends'  (Iround  at 
North  Wales. 


John  Morgan,  son  of  Evan  Morgan,  a 
Welshman,  who  had  long  been  a  resident 
of  the  Province,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1735,  and  received  a  classical  edu- 
cation at  Nottingham  Academy,  Chester 
Co.,  Penna.  He  was  transferred  to  the 
College  of  Philadelphia  and  on  May  17, 
I757t  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  at 
the  first  commencement  of  the  institu- 
tion. 

He  studied  medicine  under  Dr.  John 
Redman  for  six  years,  thirteen  months  of 
which  he  spent  in  the  Penns\'lvania  Hos- 
pital as  Resident  Apothecary,  and  at  the 
close  of  his  term,  he  devoted  himself,  for 
four  years,  to  military  life.  Although 
he  held  a  Lieutenant's  commission, 
April  r,  175S.  he  acted  chiefly  as  surgeon, 
in  the  war  between  fireat  Britain  and  her 
colonies  and  France  ;  at  the  close  of  the 
war  he  resigned  from  the  army. 

In  1760,  he  attended  lectures  and  dis- 
sections of  Cullen  and  John  Hunter  in 
London,  then  spent  two  years  in  Edin- 
burgh under  the  instruction  of  Monroe, 
Cullen.  Rutherford,  and  Hope  ;  receiv- 
ing in  1773  the  degree  ol  Doctor  in  Medi- 
cine, his  thesis  was  an  elaborate  produc- 
tir)n  on  "  Suppuration  and  the  Formation 
of  Pus,"  which  was  afterwards  pub- 
lished. 

From  Edinburgh,  he  went  to  Paris, 
studyin.g  Anatomy  with  M.  Sue  ;  he  had 


489 


acquired  tin-  art  uf  making  anatuniiciil 
preparations  in  Lonclim  from  "tlie  two 
Hunters."  At  a  niietiuK  of  the  Krencli 
Academy  of  Surgery,  in  1764,  at  Paris,  lie 
showed  a  preparation  of  tlie  vessels  of 
the  kichiey  wliiih  he  had  executed,  and 
was  the  tiri't  to  make  known  the  art  in 
Paris  and  the  South  of  France.  He  look 
seat  in  the  Royal  .Academy  of  Surgery  at 
Paris,  having;  been  made  correspondent 
on  July  5,  17^4.  l>urin^  this  summer  he 
Iraveiletl  in  France,  Switzerland,  and 
Italy,  visiting  the  Medical  Schools,  Hos- 
pitals, .'iiul  public  Institutions.  He  ina<le 
the  ac(|uaintance  durinn  his  travels  of 
Morgagni,  Professor  of  .-Vnatomy  at 
Padua,  to  whom  he  had  letters  from 
Dr.  Sevati,  of  Bologna  ;  from  Padua  he 
went  to  Switzerlanil,  and  returned  in 
the  autumn  to  London  where  he  was 
made  a  l*"ello\v  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
London,  Licenti.ite  of  the  Royal  Coilej^e 
of  Physicians,  London,  and  KdinburKli. 

He  returned  to  Philadelphia  early  in 
1765.  With  Dr.  Shippen,  Jr.,  he  was  the 
pioneer  in  systematic  medical  teaching 
in  America.  He  hail  the  honor  of  hold- 
ing the  first  medical  professorship  in  this 
country,  being  elected  May  3,  1765,  by 
the  Trustees  of  the  College  of  Philadel- 
phia, to  the  Chair  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Physic.  .At  the  conniieiicement 
e.xercises,  which  lasted  twinlays.  May  30 
and  31,  he  delivered  the  famous  Inaug- 
ural Address  which  had  been  prepared 
in  Paris,  entitled  "A  Discourse  upon  the 
Institution  of  Medical  Schuols  in 
America."  In  1769,  he  saw  the  fruits  of 
his  labor,  for  in  that  year  five  students 
received  the  first  degrees  in  nie(,licine 
that  were  conferred  in  America.  Dr.  Mor- 
gan was  also  active  in  establishing  the 
American  Philoso|)hical  Society.  In  1773 
he  visited  Jamaica  to  obtain  donations 
for  the  adv.anccment  of  general  literature 
in  the  College  of  Philadelphia  in  which 
he  was  greatly  interested.  In  October, 
1773.  he  was  app(jinle<i  by  Congress,  Di- 
rector-Cieneral  and  Physician-in-Chief  of 
the  <;eneral  Hospital  of  the  American 
Army.  In  1777,  the  dissensions  between 
the  surgeons  of  the  (ieneral  Hospital  and 
of  the  regiments,  and  other  circum- 
stances, gave  rise  to  calumnies  against 
him,  and  he  was  removetl  from  oflicc 
without  an  opportunity  to  vindicate  him- 
self; he  subsequently  applied  for  a 
special  committee  for  a  special  com- 
mittee of  Congress,  to  investigate  the 
charges  and  was  honorably  acquitted. 

He  served  as  a  member  of  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Hospital  from  1773,10  1777, 
and  was  again  elected  in  177S,  and 
served  until  1783. 

Dr.  Morgan,  it  is  said,  was  the  first 
man  in  Philadelphia  to  carry  a  silk  um- 
brella. 


During  his  six  years  apprenticeship 
with  Dr.  John  Redman,  he  had  served  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  had  put 
up  all  the  prescriptions  of  the  .•\ttending 
Physicians  for  nK»re  than  a  year.  This 
early  experience  of  Dr.  Morgan  in  the 
Apothecary  shop  of  the  Petiiisylvaiii.aHcis- 
pilal,  doul>tless  taught  him  the  impor- 
tance of  pharmacy  as  a  s|>ecial  branch  of 
study,  and  in  his  subsetpient  practice,  he 
ci^nfined  himself  to  visiting  the  sick  and 
writing  prescriptions,  but  did  not  dis- 
pense his  own  medicine.  This  plan  has 
since  been  generally  adopted  by  the 
representative  physicians  of  this  coun- 
try, although  it  was  a  daring  innovation 
at  the  time  that  Dr.  Morgan  introduced 
it. 

He  published  "  Tentamen  Medicum 
de  Purls  Confectione,"  ( 1763);  "  A  Dis- 
course upon  the  Institutiiiii  of  Medical 
Schools  ill  America,"  1  I7fa5i;  "  Four  Dis- 
sertations on  the  Reciprocal  Advantages 
of  a  Perpetual  Union  between  (Ireat  Bri- 
tain and  her  American  Colonies,"  (1766); 
"  A  Recommendation  of  Inoculation," 
(17661  :  "  .\  \'iiidicalicin  of  Public  Char- 
acter in  the  .Station  of  Director-CJeneral, 
etc." 

He  died  October  15,  17S9,  aged  fifty- 
three  years. 

ClI.VRi.KS  MooKK,  was  born  March  25, 
1724.  He  graduated  in  Medicine  at  the 
University  of  Kdinburgh,  Scotland,  in 
'752- 

In  1773.  he  was  elected  to  the  Peiinsyl- 
v.ania  Hi>spital  and  resigned  in  1774. 
He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College  ol 
Physicians. 

He  subsequently  practised  his  profes- 
sion in  Montgomery  County,  Penna., 
where  he  died  .'\ugust  ig,  i.Soi,  and  was 
buried  in  Friends'  (irouiid  at  North 
Wales. 

Ai).\M  KiHN  was  born  in  German- 
town,  Philadelphia.  November  17,  1741  ; 
his  grandfather  was  John  Christopher 
Kiihn.  his  father,  Adam  Simon  Kuhn, 
both  natives  of  Suabia  ;  they  emigrated 
to  Philadelphia  in  1733;  his  father  was  an 
educated  man,  a  successful  .'iiid  skillful 
medical  practitioner.  He  removed  to 
Lancaster  where  he  became  a  magistrate 
of  the  borough  and  an  elder  of  the  Luth- 
eran Church. 

Dr.  Adam  Kuhn'searly  studies  in  medi- 
cine were  with  his  father.  In  1761  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Norway  and  Sweden,  where  he 
studied  botany  under  Liiin;eiis  and  other 
professors  tif  the  Cniversit\'  of  Cpsal, 
until  1764  ;  he  also  resided  in  London  for 
one  year;  then  went  to  Edinburgh  where 
he  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1767 


490 


from  tlie  University,  his  tliesis  l)i-iii;< 
"  De  Lavatione  Frigicla." 

After  visitiiif;  France,  Holland  and 
Germany,  he  returned  to  America  in 
I76<S,  and  was  at  once  appointed  Pro- 
fessor of  Materia  Medica  and  Botany  in 
the  College  of  Philadelphia ;  he  com- 
menced his  first  course  of  lectures  in 
May,  three  months  after  his  arrival  from 
Europe.  He  continued  in  his  |)osition 
twenty-one  \'ears,  until  transferred  to  the 
chair  of  Practice. 

In  January  1774,  he  was  one  of  the 
physicians  of  the  society  for  inoculating 
the  poor.  He  was  t)ne  of  the  founders 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  its  presi- 
dent in  1808,  and  also  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society. 

He  was  Professor  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  (ij^ig)  and  was 
transferred  to  the  same  chair  in  the  fTni- 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1792,  from 
which  he  resigned  in  1797. 

He  w-as  twice  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Hospital ;  he  served  from 
1774  to  17S1.  and  from  1782  to  1798,  when 
he  resigned. 

He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Isaac  Hartman,  Esq.,  in  the  Island  of 
St   Croi.x,  May,  1780. 

It  is  said  of  him,  "  He  was  not  remark- 
able for  the  power  of  imagination  ;  but 
in  sound  judgment  he  greatly  excelled." 

Dr.  Kuhn's  talent  for  observation  was 
profound.    He  was  throu.gh  life  .1  studious 


reader,  a  lover  of  nuisic  from  his  youth  ; 
reniarkal>Iy  abstemious  and  regular  in 
his  diet  and  neat  in  his  person  ;  he  was 
reserved  in  his  general  intercourse,  but 
affable  and  communicative  in  the  com- 
pany of  his  friends.  His  manners  were 
void  of  ostentation  or  assumption. 

He  died  July  5     1817,    in   the  seventy- 
si.xth  year  of  his  age. 


Thom.\s  Parke  was  born  in  East  Cain 
Township,  Chester  County,  Pa.,  August 
6,  1749:  he  was  student  of  medicine  under 
Or.  Cadwalader  Evans  and  received  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Medicine  from  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  June  .5,  1770. 


In  1 77 1  he  went  to  London  and  attended 
Guv's  and  St.  Thomas's  Hospitals  and 
then  went  to  Edinburgh.  In  1773  he  re- 
turned to  Philadelphia  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  hispreceptor,  Dr.  Evans, 
in  the  practice  of  medicine. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Pliil- 
oso])hical  Society.  President  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  a  Director  of  the 
Philadelphia  Library. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Hospital  in  1777,  and  resigned  in 
182,^. 

In  .April,  1775,  he  married  Rachel,  the 
eldest  daughter  of  James  Pemberton. 

He  died  on  January  9,  1835,  aged  eigh- 
ty-five years. 

J.\Mi;s  HiTCHiNsox,  son  of  Randal 
Hutchinson, a  liighly  respected  farmer  and 
l,ugeland  owner,  belongingto  the  Society 
of  Friends,  was  l)orn  in  WakefieUl  Town- 
ship, Bucks  County,  Pa.,  Jainiary  29,  1752. 
His  early  education  began  in  Burlington, 
and  was  continued  in  Virginia.  He  re- 
turned to  complete  a  collegiate  course  at 
the  College  of  Philadelphia,  where  he 
graduated  with  the  first  honors  of  his 
class  and  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Arts. 

He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Cadwal- 
ader Evans  and  attended  the  medical 
lectures  of  the  College.  In  1774  he  grad- 
uated as  Bachelor  of  Medicine,  when  he 
received  a  gold  medal  as  a  testimonial  of 
his  ability  and  attainnients,  more  partic- 
ularly in  the  department  of  Chemistry. 
In  the  same  year,  he  went  to  Europe  and 
availed  himself  of  the  instruction  of  Dr. 
Fothergill. 


491 


His  return  home  (by  tlic  way  of  Fraiiccl 
ill  1777,  was  haslciud  by  llic  imlitical 
event  of  llie  limes  as  lie  was  liearer  of  im 
portaiit  dispatches  from  Dr.  Franklin, 
tlien  American  Minister,  to  tile  Congress 
of  the  I'liiteil  States.  When  on  the 
American  c<»ast.  his  v»-ssel  was  chased  by 


a  British  ship  ol  war  ;  heinj;  delcrmineil 
to  save  his  (hsi)atclies,  he  left  in  an  open 
boat  and,  landin;;  nnder  tire  of  the  enemy, 
succeeded  in  his  mission.  The  vessel 
was  captured  and  everythiiif!  beloiiKiiiK 
to  him,  inchidiiiK  a  medical  library,  col- 
lected in  KiiKland  and  France,  was  lost. 

On  his  arrival  in  America,  he  Immedi- 
ately joined  the  .irniy  as  Surneon  and 
became  Surj^eon-Cleiu-ral  of  Pennsylva 
nia.  lie  was  for  more  than  a  year  in  the 
service  of  the  I'nited  St.ites  and  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania, from  the  latter  part 
of  177.S  to  February,  17S1  ;  while  Senior 
Surj;eon  to  the  F'lyin^;  nos|>ital  in  the 
Middle  Department,  with  only  six  assist- 
ants, he  inoculated  .^4qI>  men  at  Valley 
Forne.  .After  the  battle  of  Momnonth, 
having  no  duty  to  perform  in  his  depart 
nient,  he  went  to  Rhode  Island  as  ;i  vol 
uiileer  in  the  expedition  against  that 
place  under  General  Sullivan  ;  soon  af- 
terward he  resigned  his  commission. 

After  the  evacuation  of  l'hiladel|)hia  by 
the  British  army,  he  was  one  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Safety.  He  frequently  visited 
at  head(iuarters  durin;.;  times  of  diHiculty 
and  was  often  consulted  by  thet'ominan- 
cler-in-Chief  relative  to  the  medical  de- 
partment. 

Dr.  Hutchinson  held  the  position  of 
Physician  to  the  Port  of  I'liiladelphi.i  and, 
dnriiiR  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  in 
1793,  his  exertions  day  and  nJKht  were 
unceasing,  but  beyond  his  strenijth,  and 
he  fell  a  victim  himself  to  the  disease. 

He  was  appointed  in  1779,  when  but 
twenty-seven  years  of  ajje,  one  of  tlie 
Trustces,  by  the  act  of  incorporation,  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.     In  17S1 


he  refusetl  the  chair  of  Practice,  and  in 
I7S_^  declined  an  invitation  to  the  chair  ol 
Chemistry.  In  17.S9.  when  (lie  restitution 
of  the  riniits  of  the  college  was  in  cpies- 
tion,  he  accepted  the  chair  of  .Materia 
Medica  and  Chemistry  in  the  I'niversily, 
and  on  the  Ciiion  of  tile  Si  hools  in  1791, 
he  was  chosen  Professor  ot  Cheiiiistrv. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  .*\niencan 
Philosophical  Society.  He  was  also  a 
Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

He  served  two  terms  on  the  medical 
stall' of  the  Hospital,  from  i777-i77Kand 
from  1779  until  his  death. 

Dr.  Hutchinson  was  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  was  Ly<lia  Hiddle ;  his 
second  wife  was  Sidney  Kvaiis  Howell. 

He  died  Se|itember5,  1793,  in  the  forty- 
second  year  of  his  age. 

Wii.i.iAM  Shii'PKN,  Jr.,  was  born  In 
Phil.Klelphia,  October  21,  17,^6.  He  was 
sent  to  the  );ranmiar-scliool  at  NoltiiiK- 
hain,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  an<l  afterwards  to 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Princeton, 
receiving  his  Bachelor's  decree  in  17.S4. 
He  studie<l  medicine  w  ith  his  father  until 
175S,  wlun  he  went  to  Knrope.  In  1761, 
he  received  the  de>;ree  of  Doctor  in 
Medicine  from  the  I'niversity  of  Kdin- 
bur^h.  In  176.S,  he  was  elected  Fellow 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  of 
Kdinbiirgh.  During  his  residence  in 
London,  he  made  the  acquaintance  ol 
Dr.  John  Fothergill,  who  became  greatly 
interested  in  his  future  career. 


.\fter  three  years  sojourn,  he  returned 
home.  In  May,  1762,  he  established  the 
first  private  school  of  .Anatomy  in  Phila- 
delphia, delivering  his  intro<lu<  tory  lec- 
ture at  the  State  House  on  November 
16.  His  lectures  were  continuetl  at  his 
father's  house  on  Fourth  Street.  They 
were    repeated    during   the    winters    0/ 


492 


1763-64  a"''  1764-65.  Ill  1765,  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Anatomy  and 
Surgery  in  the  medical  school  of  the 
College  of  Philadelphia,  becoming  the 
associate  of  his  friend  and  fellow-student, 
Dr.  John  Morgan. 

When  the  College  of  Philadelphia  was 
superseded  by  the  University  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  the  trustees,  in 
1780,  elected  Dr.  Shippen,  Professor  ot 
Anatomy,  Surgery,  and  Midwifery ; 
afterward  he  was  Professor  of  .Anatomy 
in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  until 
1806,  when  he  resigned.  At  the  outbreak  1 
of  the  Revolution,  he  was  appointed 
Chief  Physician  of  the  flying  camp.  In 
March,  1777,  he  submitted  a  plan  for  the 
organization  of  the  hospital  department, 
which,  with  some  modification,  was 
adopted  and  April  ii,  1777,  Congress 
elected  him  "  Director-General  of  all  the 
military  hospitals  of  the  Armies  of  the 
United  States."  He  resigned  from  the 
Army  on  January  3,  17S1.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  .American  Philosophical 
Society,  Consulting  Physician  of  Phila- 
delphia Dispensary,  a  Fellow  of  the 
College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  and 
was  its  president,  (1S05-1808.) 

He  w'as  elected  twice  to  the  Medicial 
Staff"  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and 
served  from  1778  to  1779.  and  from  1791 
to  1802,  when  he  resigned. 

Dissection  of  human  bodies  e.xcited 
so  much  prejudice  in  Philadelphia, 
that  in  1765,  Dr.  Sliippen  felt  obliged  to 
publicly  announce  that  for  his  dissections, 
he  had  never  taken  dead  bodies  from 
graveyards.  In  1770,  the  e.xcitement  led 
to  what  was  called  "the  sailor's  mob," 
in  which  Dr.  Shippen's  house  was 
attacked,  and  the  windows  broken. 

In  1765,  Dr.  Shippen  began  a  course 
on  Midwifery  to  men  and  women  both, 
establishing  a  lying-in  Hospital  at  the 
same  time. 

Dr.  William  Shippen,  Jr.'s  course  of 
lectures  in  1762,  on  Anatomy  "for  the 
advantage  of  young  gentlemen,  engaged 
in  the  study  of  Physics,  in  this  and 
neighboring  provinces,  whose  circum- 
stances will  not  permit  their  going 
abroad  for  improvement,  to  the  .Anatomi- 
cal Schools  of  Europe,"  was  the  first 
effort  towards  establishing  systematic 
medical  teaching  on  this  continent. 

On  December,  1762,  the  body  of  a 
negro,  who  had  committed  suicide,  was 
handed  over  to  Dr.  Sliippen.  after  the 
verdict  of  the  coroner's  jury  ;  and  after 
that  time  his  anatomical  museum  got  the 
bodies  of  all  suicides  and  criminals. 

He  died  July  11,  180S,  at  Germaiitowii, 
aged  nearly  seventy-two. 

John  Jones,  son  of  Dr.  Evans  Jones 
(and  grandson  of  Edward  Jones,  whose 
wife,  Mary,  was,   the   eldest  daughter  of 


Dr.  Thomas  Wynne),  was  born  at 
Jamaica,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  in  1729. 
He  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  years,  under  the  care  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Cadwalader. 

After  completing  his  studies  in  this 
country,  he  went  to  Europe,  in  1751, 
and  obtained  the  degree  of  Doctor  in 
Medicine  from  the  University  of  Rlieims. 
He  remained  in  Paris  a  year  and  attended 
the  anatomical  lectures  of  Dr.  Petit  and 
the  practice  of  the  Hotel  Dieu  ;  and  spent 
some  time  at  the  University  at  Leydcn, 
and  final!)'  visited  Edinburgh. 

On  his  return,  he  settled  at  New  York 
and  became  particularly  eminent  as  a 
surgeon.  In  the  war  of  1775,  he  served 
in  the  Colonial  Army  against  the  French, 
and  the  French  Coniniander,  who  was 
severely  wounded,  was  attended  by  him. 
At  the  close  of  the  war,  he  resumed 
private  practice,  and  on  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
King's  College  in  New  York,  was 
ajjpointed  Professor  of  Surgery  and  gave 
several  courses  of  lectures.  He  left  the 
city  in  17&0,  when  it  was  occupied  by 
the  enemy,  and  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  became  the  family  physician  of 
Washington  and  Franklin. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  President  of  the 
Humane  Society,  and  in  17S6,  first 
Vice-President  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians. 

He  served  on  the  Medical  Staff  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  17S0  until 
his  death. 

In  the  autumn  of  the  year  1775  he 
published  "Plain  remarks  on  Wounds 
and  Fractures"  for  the  use  of  Surgeons 
of  the  Army  and  Navy. 

Dr.  Jones  was  specially  distinguished 
as  a  successful  lithotomist  and  accouch- 
eur, and  was  generally  considered 
the  foermost  American  surgeon  of  his 
day. 

He  died  June  23,  1791,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

Bi;n|.\min  RiSH  was  born  on  his 
father's  farm  in  Byberry  Township,  Pliila- 
deljihia  County,  December  24,  1745;  both 
his  grandfather,  James  Rush,  who  died 
in  1727,  and  his  father,  John  Rush,  were 
gunsmiths.  His  grandfather  commanded 
a  troop  of  horse  in  the  army  of  Oliver 
Cromwell.  On  the  restoration  of  the 
monarchy,  his  parents,  being  members  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  followed  'William 
Peiin,  in  1683,  to  this  country. 

Dr.  Rush  was  the  most  eminent  Amer- 
ican physician  and  author  of  his  day  and 
has  been  called  the  American  Sydenham. 
His  services  to  medical  science  are  so 
familiar  to  all  that  only  the  briefest  bio- 
graphical note  need  be  inserted  here. 


493 


Hi-  stuilk'd  medicine  with  Dr.  John 
Redman.  During;  his  seventetnlh  year 
lie  Iranslaled  the  .■Vplinrisms  n(  llipijo- 
crates  into  Kii>;lish,  an<l  recunled  liis 
celebrated  Observations  on  Villow  I'ever 
of  1762. 

In  1766,  lie  was  gradnated  at  Kdin- 
burgh,  his  thesis  being  "  l)e  Coctione 
Ciborum  in  X'entrirnlo. "  In  1768,  he 
went  to  I.iindiin  and  I'aris.  He  returned 
to  Hhlladel|)hia  early  in  1769  and  at  once 
establisheil  biniseli'  in  the  |>racticc  of 
medicine. 

On  his  return  he  was  made  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  theCollegeof  Thiladelphia  ; 
in  the  same  year  he  was  elected  i'rolessor 
of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in 
the  same  institution.  In  17QI,  theCollcKe 
having  l)een  absorbed  by  tde  I'niversity 
of  Pennsylvania,  he  was  elected  to  the 
Chair  of  Institutes,  Medical  and  Clinical 
Practice.  In  1796,  he  received  the  addi- 
tional professorship  of  the  Practice  of 
Physic,  which  he  held,  with  the  two  pre- 
ceding chairs,  until  the  end  of  his  life. 
In  176.S  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  ;  one  of 
its  secretaries  in  1773;  Vice-President 
1797-1S01.  He  contributed  si.\  papers  to 
the  Transactions  of  the  Society.  Ik- 
was  active  in  aiding  the  establishment  of 
the  Philadelphia  Dispensary  and  was 
one  of  its  atten<liug  physicians. 

He  was  resident  Port-Physician  1790- 
'795;  Fleet  Surgeon  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Navy  September  27,  1775-July  i,  1776; 
and  was  appointed,  I'livsician  (Jeneral  of 
the  Military  Hospital  <if  the  Middle  De- 
partment. .\merican  Army,  in  1777. 

He  took  a  zealous  and  active  part  in 
the  Revolutionary  conflict.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Congress 
from  July  20.  1776,  to  February,  1777, 
and  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde|)en- 
tlence.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Convention  of  Pennsylvania  for  the 
adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution, 
1787;  and  was  appointed  by  President 
John  Adams,  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  Mint  1799,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  tleath,  .April  19,  1813,  a  period 
of  fourteen  years. 

When  Dr.  Rush  began  his  lectures  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  his  med- 
ical class  consisted  of  twenty  students  ; 
in  1812  thirteen  and.  :it  the  last  course  he 
delivered  they  aninuiiied  to  four  hundred 
and  thirty.  Dr.  Rush  favored  all  means 
of  education  and  every  project  tending 
to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  mankincl. 
He  reconnnended  the  establishment  of 
free  public  schools  in  every  comity  in  the 
State ;  he  was  active  in  promoting  the 
interests  of  Dickinson  College  at  Carlisle, 
Pa.  ;  he  advocated  temperance  ;  he  con- 
demned the  use  of  tobacco  and  was 
opposed  to  capital  punishment.     He  was 


President  of  the  American  Society  for 
the  .-Xbolition  of  Slavery  ;  President  01 
the  Philailelphia  Meilical  Society;  a 
l-'ellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians, 
and  a  member  of  many  other  learnecl 
and  benevolent  institutions,  both  in 
.\nierica  and  Knrope. 

Ill  January.  1776,  he  married  Julia 
Stockton,  daughter  of  Hon.  Richard 
Stockton,  N.  J. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1783,  and 
continued  in  the  service  of  the  institution 
until  his  death.  He  was  celebrateil  for  his 
|>unctuality  and  it  is  said  th.at,  during  the 
whole  of  tills  period,  he  never  missed  his 
daily  visit  and  was  never  more  than  ten 
minutes  late.  During  the  iiievalence  of 
the  several  pestilential  epitlemics  which 
visited  Philadelphia  from  1793  to  18*15, 
Dr.  Rush  fearlessly  stood  by  his  patients 
antl  his  jiractice,  and  rendered  great  ser- 
vice to  the  city  authorities. 

In  an  obituary  address  the  following 
statements  were  made  as  to  his  jiersonal 
character:  "He  was  amiable,  kin<l  and 
iusiniiatiiig  in  his  manners,  familiar  in 
his  address,  prodigal  of  good  counsel, 
anti  an.xious  liir  the  happiness  of  every 
one.  To  his  family  he  was  loving,  tender, 
and  alfectionatt-.  To  his  youthful  ac- 
ipiaintance,  a  father  and  a  counsellor.  To 
his  e(pials  and  superiors  in  age,  a  friend 
and  bosom  companitm.  Ttt  the  poor,  he 
was  humane.  No  one  ever  went  from 
his  door  without  assistance.  In  his  jiro- 
fessional  capacity  they  were  never  neg- 
lecte<l.  He  used  to  say  to  his  chuss, 
'Attend  the  |>oor,  they  are  y<mr  best 
patients,  C.od  is  their  paymaster.'  His 
mind  was  always  like  a  calm,  sunshiny 
day,  clear  and  pleasant.  No  breezes  of 
discontent,  or  passion  ever  distiirbe<l  it, 
and  if  a  cloud  should  lour,  the  genial 
warmth  of  his  understanding  immed- 
iately dispersed  it.  He  w.as  mild,  pious, 
and  resigned.  When  death  approached 
he  was  not  terrified.  No  loads  of  guilt 
oppressed  his  conscience  and  he  bade 
adieu  to  this  worltl  only  to  enter  a  hap- 
pier one.  This  is  but  a  sketch  of  his 
virtues,  but  it  is  enough  to  endear  him  to 
the  good  and  virtuous.  Already  have 
the  citizens  testifieil  their  grief  for  their 
loss  by  the  maiiiur  they  assembled  at  his 
funeral.  Nothing  of  the  kind  has  oc- 
curred since  the  death  of  Franklin  and 
Washington.  A  resolution  was  jiresented 
to  the  Common  Council  of  Philadelphia 
by  Mr.  Cutbush,  voting  a  letter  of  con- 
dolence to  his  widow,  which  was  unani- 
mously adopted." 

John  Foii.KK  was   born    in    1757;  he 

jirepared    for   the    degree   of  Doctor  in 

Medicine,  in  1780,  at  the  College  of 
Philadelphia. 


494 


The  minutes  of  the  College  of  Phila- 
delpliia  sliow  that  Mr.  Foulke  was  exam- 
ined for  the  Bachelor's  degree  June  i, 
1779,  '^"'  after  the  mandamus  was  issued, 
the  commencement  was  interdicted  by 
the  President  of  the  Executive  Council  of 


i  \ 


A 


the  State  ;  this  was  the  bej;i"nin;<  of  tlic 
difficulty  which  eventuated  in  the  action 
of  the  Legislature  by  the  passage  of  an 
act,  November  27.  1779,  by  which  the 
charter  of  the  College  was  abrogated, 
and  its  property  transferred  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Foulke  was  Lecturer  on  Anatomy 
from  17S4-1796;  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Philosophical  Society  and  a  Fellow 
of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  17S4,  re- 
signed 1794. 

He  died  in  1796,  aged  39  years. 

C.^SP-iVR  WiSTAR  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, September  13,  1761,  and  as  his 
parents  and  ancestors,  on  both  sides, 
were  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  he  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  Public  School 
founded  by  Charter  for  the  Town  and 
County  of  Philadelphia.  When  in  the 
year  1777,  the  battle  of  Germantown  took 
place,  his  religious  principles  kejit  him 
from  entering  military  service,  but  his 
humanity  led  him  to  seek  the  wounded 
soldier,  and  he  was  active  among  those 
wlio  were  administering  relief  His 
benevolent  heart  was  so  deeply  imjjressed 
with  the  happy  effects  of  the  medical  art, 
that  he  determined  to  devote  his  life  to 
alleviating  the  miseries  of  mankind. 

Firm  in  his  purpose,  Wistar  apjilied 
himself  to  the  study  of  medicine,  for  three 
years,  under  Dr.  John  Redman. 

Having  gone  through  the  usual  course 
of  study,  in  1782,  he  received  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Medicine   from  the   Uni- 


versity of  Pennsylvania.  His  examina- 
tion in  the  presence  of  the  Trustees  of 
the  University  is  said  to  have  been  a 
brilliant  one.  He  went  to  England  in 
17.^3,  where  he  remained  a  year,  then 
atteiKled  lectures  in  Edinburgh. 

For  two  successive  years  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  Presidents  of  the 
Royal  Medical  Society  of  Edinburgh  and 
he  was  also  elected  President  of  the 
Society  for  the  "  Further  Investigation  of 
Natural  History." 

In  1786,  he  took  his  degree  in  Medicine 
at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  after 
publicly  defending  his  thesis"  DeAnimo 
Demisso." 

In  1788,  he  married  Isabella  Marshall, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  1790 ;  in 
December,  1798,  he  married  a  second 
time,  taking  Elizabeth  Mifflin,  a  niece 
of  Governor  Mifflin. 

In  the  summer  of  1793,  while  treating 
cases  of  Yellow  Fever  he  had  himself  an 
attack  of  this  disease. 

In  1793  '"^  was  elected  one  of  the 
physicians  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

In  17S9  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  the  College  of  Philadelphia. 
When  the  rival  faculties  of  medicine 
were  united  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Wistar  was  elected  (January, 
1792)  adjunct-professor  of  Anatomy,  Mid- 
wifery and  Surgery. 

On  the  death  of  Dr.  Shippen,  in  180S, 
Dr.  W'istar  was  chosen  Professor  in  tlie 
anatomical  chair.  He  published  a  system 
of  anatomv  in  two  volumes  in  1811. 


On  May  7,  1810,  when  he  resigned  as 
ph\'sician  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital, 
tile  following  resolution  entered  on  their 
minutes  was  made;  "The  conclusion  of 
Dr.  Wistar  to  withdraw  at  the  present 
time  was  unexpected  and  very  much 
regretted  by  the  Managers  who  w'ould 
have  gladly  embraced  the  opportunity  of 


495 


giving  to  a  long-tried,  experienced  and  I 
faitlirtil  prartitionir,  a  fiirtlier  proof  of 
tlu'ir  ci>nri(ltni'i'  in  liis  skill  ami  aWililiis 
!))'  rc-eU'Ctiiig  him  tii  the  olhcc  he  has 
filled  more  than  sixteen  years  siicces-  | 
sively,  if  he  had  not  prevented  them  hy 
declining  to  serve  any  longer.  I'nder 
these  impressions,  the  Managers  reliir- 
tantly  pari  with  Dr.  Wistar,  lieing thank- 
ful for  the  past  e.\erlions  to  serve  the 
institution,  and  for  his  kind  offers  to 
advise  and  assist,  if  there  shall  be  any 
jiartirular  reason  to  require  it,  on  any 
further  occasion." 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  and  became 
Presiileiit  of  the  .American  I'liilosophical 
Societv,  vice  Thomas  JrlVerson,  in  1815. 

On  the  death  of  Dr.  Rush,  Dr.  Wistar 
succeeded  him  as  President  of  the  Society 
for  the  Abolition  of  Slavery.  For  the 
Indians  of  .-Xmerica,  he  seems  to  have 
felt  a  particular  kindness.  Benevolence 
was  perhaps  the  most  prominent  feature 
of  Dr.  Wislar's  character  ;  "  His  charity 
was  active,  his  hand  ever  seconding  the 
feelings  of  his  heart,"  an  exemplary  man 
in  every  respect,  remarkable  for  his 
strong,  good  sense,  amiable  deportment, 
professional  skill  and  superior  quali- 
fications as  a  teacher  of  Anatomy. 

He  was  the  founder  of  the  "Wistar 
parties,"  an  attractive  feature  in  the 
social  life  of  Philadelphia  to  this  <lay. 
At  first  the  meetings  took  place  on  Sun- 
day evenings  at  Dr.  Wislar's  residence, 
at  the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth  and 
Prune  (now  Locust)  Streets.  In  1811, 
the  time  of  the  meeting  was  changecl 
from  Sunday  to  Saturday. 

The  orginal  Wistar  Club,  which  arose 
from  these  meetings,  was  composed  of 
the  membership  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  of  which  Dr.  Wistar 
was  once  President.  Chief  Justice  Tilg- 
ham  speaking  of  a  certain  committee 
meeting  of  this  Society,  says,  "It  was 
the  custom  after  the  business  of  the 
evening  was  concluded,  to  enter  upon 
an  unconstrained  conversation  upon 
literary  subjects.  Then,  without  intend-  ■ 
ing  it,  our  lamented  friend  (Dr.  Wistar) 
would  insensibly  take  the  lead  ;  and  so  I 
interesting  were  his  anecdotes,  and  so 
just  his  remarks,  that,  drawing  close 
to  the  dying  embers,  we  often  forgot  the 
lapse  of  time  until  warneil  by  the  unwel- 
come clock  that  we  hail  entered  upon 
another  day." 

It  became  the  custom  to  invite  Strang-    1 
ers  of  <iistinction   who   might   be   in   the 
city,    to   the   Salurd.iy   evening   |)arlies. 
Thus,    in    1S04,    Dr     Wislar   entertained 
Baron    von     Humboldt    and    his    young    1 
friend  Bonpland.     At  first  the  entertain-    j 
ments   were    characterized    by    a   frugal    I 
simplicity,   but   afterwards  they  became 


more  sumptuous.  The  meetings  were 
held  at  the  house  of  the  members  in 
turn.  Among  foreigners,  the  Duke  of 
Sa.\e-Weimar,  Thackeray  and  many 
others  have  been  guests.  It  would  make 
a  long  catalogue  to  name  the  distin- 
guished .Americans  who  have  attended 
these  parties.  The  Civil  War  broke 
them  up  for  a  lime;  but  they  iiave  lately 
been  revived. 

In  the  year  1809,  observing  the  preju- 
dice in  regard  to  vaccination,  he  sug- 
gested the  plan  of  a  society  for  extend- 
ing the  benefits  of  the  discovery.  And 
in  this  he  was  seconded  by  a  number  of 
other  public-spirited  gentlemen,  who 
associateil  themselves  for  this  useful  pur- 
pose, and  through  their  inlluence  the  city 
of  Philadelphia  has  since  pro\  ided  by  law 
for  the  gratuitous  vaccination  of  the 
poor  in  the  city. 

A  biographer  of  Dr.  Wislar  slated  that : 

"  As  a  teacher  of  .\nalomy  it  is  difficult 
to  say  in  what  part  his  chief  merit  con- 
sisted. There  were,  however,  some  parts 
of  his  course  peculiar  to  himself  These 
were  the  athlition  of  models  on  a  very 
large  scale,  to  illustrate  small  i)arts  of 
the  human  structure  ;  an<l  the  division 
of  the  general  class  into  a  number  ol 
small  classes,  each  of  which  he  supplied 
with  a  box  of  bones,  in  order  that  they 
might  become  thoroughly  acipiainted 
witli  the  human  skeleton  —  a  subject 
which  is  acknowledged  by  all  to  be 
at  the  very  foundation  of  .Anatomical 
knowledge.  The  large  size  wooden 
models  of  the  sphenoid,  palate  and  eth- 
moid bones,  the  teni|)iiral  bone,  and  the 
labyrinth  of  the  ear.  as  well  as  of  the 
brain  in  sections,  from  whi<  I1  the  succes- 
sive classes  of  students  to  the  present 
day,  in  connection  with  the  <lemonstra- 
tions  of  subsequent  Professors,  have 
benefited,  were  most  carefiilly  prepared 
under  the  direction  of  Prof  Wistar,  by 
Mr.  Rush,  the  most  celebrated  carver  of 
his  time  in  Philadelphia.  In  his  museum 
of  models,  he  has  bequeathed  a  rich 
treasure  to  his  successors  in  the  anatom- 
ical chair. 

"The  discovery  made  by  him  of  the 
mode  of  development  of  the  cells  of  the 
sphenoid  bone  and  their  attachment  in 
the  early  period  of  life  to  the  ethmoid, 
was  one  which  conferred  honor  on  him 
as  an  investigator  and  disi  overer,  and  in 
which  he  look  unalloyed  satisfaction. 
On  the  subject  of  that  discovery  he  re- 
ceived a  few  days  before  his  death,  a 
letter  from  Professor  Soemmering,  of 
the  Kingdom  of  Bavaria,  one  of  the 
most  celebratefi  Anatomists  in  Kurope, 
of  which  the  following  is  an  extract  : 
'The  neat  specimen  of  the  sphenoid  and 
ethmoid  bones,  is  an  invaluable  addition 
to     my    anatomical     collection,     having 


496 


never  seen  them  myself  in  such  a  perfect 
state.  I  shall  now  be  very  attentive  to 
examine  these  processes  of  the  ethmoid 
bone  in  children  of  two  years  of  age, 
being  fully  persuaded  Mr.  Bertin  ha<l 
never  met  with  them  of  such  a  consider- 
able size  nor  of  such  peculiar  structure.' 

"During  the  years  of  Dr.  Wistar's 
Professorship  of  Anatomy  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  he  was  indefatig- 
able in  the  collection  of  anatomical  pre- 
parations, many  of  which  he  ordered 
and  purchased  from  Leghorne.  procu- 
ring some  from  the  celebrated  I'rofessor 
Mascagne." 

At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1818,  this 
collection  was  presented  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  where  it  is  pre- 
served with  the  Hornor  collection  in  tile 
Wistar  and  Hornor  Museum. 

Dr.  Wistar  died  on  January  22,  1818, 
in  the  fifty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 


PHfr.iF  SvNG  Phvsick  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  July  7,  1768.  He  entered 
the  Department  of  Arts  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  was  graduated  as 
Bachelor  of  Arts,  May,  1785. 

He  commenced  his  medical  studies. 
under  Dr.  Adatu  Kuhn,  and  attended 
the  lectures  delivered  in  the  University. 
In  November  1788,  after  three  and  a 
half  years  of  study,  he  went  to  London, 
and  was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  John  Hunter, 
who,  in  1790,  had  him  elected  House- 
Surgeon  of  St.  George's  Hospital  where 
he  had  access  to  the  lectures  of  Clarke, 
Osborne,  Baillie,  Home  and  the  Cruick- 
shanks.  He  received  the  diploma  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  London. 
He  remained  with  and  assisted  Dr. 
Hunter  from  January  to  May.  when  he 
went  to  Edinburgh  and  received  from 
the  University  there,  the  degree  of 
Doctor    in    Medicine    (May,    1792) ;    his 


thesis,  written  in  Latin,  '*  De  .Apoplexia," 
was  dedicated  to  Dr.  John  Hunter. 

He  returned  to  Philadelphia,  in  1792, 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine. He  was  soon  called  upon  to  exer- 
cise his  knowledge  and  skill  in  aid  of 
his  afflicted  and  terror-stricken  citizens, 
in  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever  in  1793. 
In  .'August,  Dr.  Physick  offered  his  servi- 
ces and  was  elected  Resident  Physician 
in  the  Yellow  Fever  Hospital  at  Bush 
Hill.  Yellow  fever  again  broke  out  in 
1798,  and  for  the  second  time  Dr.  Physick 
accepted  the  position  of  Resident  Physi- 
cian at  the  City  Hospital,  although  he 
had  only  recently  recovered  from  his 
second  attack  of  the  disease,  in  which 
his  life  was  despaired  of  His  services 
were  of  such  value  to  the  city  that  the 
Managers,  upon  his  leaving  the  insti- 
tution, presented  him  with  some  valu- 
able silver  plate,  in  acknowledgment  of 
"their  respectful  approbation  of  his 
voluntary  and  inestimable  services." 

In  iSoi,  he  was  appointed  Surgeon 
Extraordinary  to  the  Almshouse  Infirm- 
ary, and,  soon  afterward.  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  1819,  Dr.  Physick  was  transferred  to  the 
chair  of  Anatomy,  made  vacant  by  the 
death  of  Dr.  John  Syng  Dorsey  ;  he  held 
this  position  until  1831,  when  failing 
health  obliged  him  to  relinquish  the  active 
duties  of  a  public  teacher,  and  the  Uni- 
versity conferred  upon  him  the  honorary 
title  of  "  Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgery 
and  Anatomy." 

In  October,  1831,  he  performed  success- 
fully the  operation  of  lithotomy  upon 
Chief  Justice  Marshall,  then  in  his  seven- 
ty-fifth year,  and  the  operator  sixty-three 
years  of  age. 

In  1822  he  was  President  of  the  Phre- 
nological Societj-,  also  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  ;  in  1S24 
President  of  the  Philadelphia  Medical 
Society:  in  1825  member  of  the  Academy 
of  Medicine  of  France;  in  1S36  elected 
Honorary  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Medical 
and  Chirurgical  Society  of  London. 

Dr.  Physick  was  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in 
1794,  which  position  he  retained  until 
1816.  .^s  an  operator,  he  is  described  as 
having  a  correct,  sharp  and  discrimina- 
ting eye  ;  a  hand  delicate  in  touch,  dex- 
terous in  movement  and  of  unswerving 
firmness  ;  a  perfect  composure  and  self- 
possession  which  rose  in  tone  and  deep- 
ened in  steadiness  with  the  complication 
of  the  case  in  hand. 

Dr.  Elder,  in  speaking  of  Dr.  Physick, 
said  he  is  known  as  "the  father  of  Amer- 
ican surgery."  he  was  a  discoverer,  a 
thinker,  a  worker,  but  not  an  author;  he 
had  an  "invincible  repugnance"  to 
appearing  before  the  public  in  that  capa- 


497 


citv.  Nine  or  li-ii  essays,  iiiakiiiK  about 
twliity  pa^is  (ictavo,  are  the  whole 
Miiioiiiit  of  his  publiraliiiiis. 

He  died  DeciinUer  li.  iS57.  auid  sixty- 
nine  vears. 


Bkmamix  Smith  Hakton  was  liorii 
at  Laiuaster.  I'a.,  KeUniary  lo.  1766;  liis 
mother  was  a  sister  of  the  ielel>rated 
David  RiUiiilidUse.  He  studied  medi- 
riiie  uiuler  Dr.  Shippeii.  In  1786,  he 
wasa  sliideiit  at  the  I'niversity  of  Kdin- 
liurKh  for  two  vears,  and  was  graduated 
l)V  the  Universitvof  ("..ittinKen  in  178S. 

Tiu-  predilection  of  Dr.  Harton  lor 
Natural  Ilistorv.  especially  for  lidtanv. 
very  earlv  manifested  itself;  it  is  said  his 
skill  in  drawinK  was  acquired  from  the 
instruction  of  Mainr  .Andre,  who  was 
a  i)risoner  of  war  at  I.anc.ister.  He 
obtained,  from  the  Royal  Medical  Society 
of  K<linl.HrKh,  the  Harveian  |>ri/.e,  for 
his  dissertation  oti  "Hyoscyamus  NiRer." 

In  the  summer  of  1787.  he  pul>lished 
■'  Observations  on  some  Parts  of  Natural 
History,"  to  which  he  prefixed  an  account 
of  remarkable  vestijjes  of  ancient  date, 
discovered  in  North  .America.  While 
in  Kngl.inil,  in  17S9,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  ;  he  was  vice-president  of  the 
society  from  1S02-1S16,  and  President  of 
the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society  from 
1808-1H12.  .,     ,   ,    ,  . 

In  1789,  he  returned  to  Philadelphia 
and  commenced  the  i)ractice  of  medi- 
cine ;  the  same  vear  was  appointed  I'ro- 
fessor  of  Natural  Historv  and  Botany  in 
the  College.  He  was  president  of  the 
Medical  Society,  and  Fellow  ol  the  Col- 
lege of  Phvsicians,  Philadelphia.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  in  1798. 

'  Dr.  Barton  was  the  first  American  who 
jjave  to  his  country  an  elementary  work  on 


Botany.  Hisscieiitific  publiiatioiis  were  : 
"  On  the  Fascinating  Quality  ascrib- 
ed to  the  Rattlesnake,"  I1796;)  "New 
Views  of  the  Orinin  of  the  Tribes  of 
.America,"  (1797  ;  1  "  Collections  towards 
a  Materia  Mecfica  of  the  l"nited  States," 
(1798;)  "  Remarks  on  the  Speech  attri- 
buted by  Jellerson  to  l.o(;an,"  (1798. 1 

He  died,  December  19,  1815  in  the 
fiftieth  ye.ir  of  his  a^e. 

JijiiN  Rkdman  I'lixi;.  iHirn  in  New  Jer 
sey  in  177,^.  w.is  eilucated  in  Philadelphi.i 
under  the  care  of  his  grandfather,  Dr. 
Redman,  until  his  tenth  year,  when  lie 
went  to  Kn^land  and  remained  until  his 
seventeenth  year.  He  completed  his 
classical  education  in  Kdinbnrjjh  and 
attended  a  course  of  medical  lectures  at 
the  l"niversity  in  that  city. 

He  returned  lo  .America  in  1790  and 
was  a  student  ol  Dr.  Rush,  duriuR  which 
time  he  witnessed  the  yellow  fever  epi- 
demic of  I79,v  He  was  graduated  by  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  He  a^aiu 
visited  Kurope  and  attended  the  Limdon 
Hospitals  lor  a  year  and  afterwards 
studied  in  Kdinburnh  and   Paris. 

Dr.  C'o.xe  returned  in  1796  to  Philadel- 
jiliia.  In  1797,  he  became  one  of  the 
resident  physicians  of  Bush  Hill  Hos- 
pital, under  charge  of  Drs.  Physick  and 
Cathrall.  In  1798  he  was  apoointeil 
Physician  of  the  Port  of  Philadelphia. 
Ill  1S09,  he  was  appointed  to  the  C'hair  of 


Chemistry  ;  in  1819  he  was  transferred  to 
the  Chair' of  Materia  Medica  and  Phar- 
macy in  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  ol 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1802  ;  re- 
signed 1807. 


498 


Or.  Coxf  was  au  e;irucst,  eiitluisiastic 
advocate  of  vaccinatiun  ;  aud  vaccinated 
his  child,  then  an  infant,  at  a  time  when 
the  full  efiirary  of  the  practice  was  still 
in  suspense  in  the  public  niin<L  He  fully 
tested  it.  bvexposinijhini  to  the  influence 
of  the  snialli>o.\  :ilter  vaccination,  the 
result  of  lliis  hold  experiment  contribtited 
to  establish  reliance  in  the  protective 
power  of  vaccination. 

He  was  at  one  time  editor  of  the 
"  Medical  Museum,"  a  periodical  com- 
menced in  1804,  the  first  uniformly 
issued,  medical  periodical  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia.  He  published  as  Editor 
"The  American  Hispensary"  in  iSoS, 
also  a  Medical  Dictionary;  and,  later  in 
life,  **  Exposition  of  the  Works  of  Hipjn*- 
crates  "  and  an  "  Kssay  on  the  f Jri.nin  of 
the  Discovery  of  the  Circulation  of  the 
Blood."  In  1S29,  he  intrfuluced  and  suc- 
ceeded in  cnltivatini;  the  true  Jalap 
plant,  thus  enablins;  Mr.  Nuttall  to 
determincits  real  character  and  position. 

He  died  March  22,  1864,  aj;ed  ninety- 
one  years. 


Tuo.M.vs  C'li.M.KI.KV  Jamics  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  .^u^;ust  31,  1766,  was  a 
descendant  of  Thomas  Chalkley,  the 
celebrated  Quaker  preacher,  and  also  of 
Samuel  Hasell.  one  of  the  Counsellors 
in  the  projirietary  jjoverument,  aud 
Master  in  Chancery  of  the  High  Court 
established  by  Governor  Keith  in  1720. 
His  father,  .M)el  Janus,  was  one  of  the 
leading  nurchants  of  Philadelphia  and  a 
l)ersonal  friend  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 

His  medical  studies  were  under  the 
direction  of  Dr.  Adam  Kuhu.  He  was 
graduated,  in  17S7,  liy  the  I'niversity  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  178S  he  accepted  the 
position  of  Surgeon  on  the  "  Sampson," 
a  mercantile  vessel  and  sailed  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  Canton,  with  a 
view  of  obtaining  pecuniary  means  to 
complete  his  studies  in  Europe,  which  hc 


was  enabled  to  do.  He  returned  home 
in  the  summer  of  1790,  and  soon  after 
went  to  England,  where  he  found  his 
fellow-countryman  and  student,  Dr. 
Physick,  pursuing  his  studies  at  St. 
("rc-orge's  Hospital,  by  whose  advice,  in 
1791,  he  entered  as  a  house-pupil  of  the 
Story  Street  Lying-in-Hospital.  He  went 
to  Edinburgh,  in  the  spring  of  1792, 
where  he  attended  the  University. 

In  1793  he  returned  to  Phihulelphia, 
l>ut  a  slKirt  time  before  the  e])idemic  of 
yellow  fever,  and  was  himself  attacked 
by  the  disease.  In  the  wiiUer  Hr.  James 
undertook  the  regular  duties  of  his  pro- 
fession. The  ensuing  year  he  was  Sur- 
geon to  the  "  Macphersou  Blues,"  on 
the  Western  Expedition.  I'pon  settling 
himself  again  in  his  jjrofession  he 
selected  obstetrics  as  his  special  depart- 
ment. 

In  1.802,  he,  in  connection  with  Dr. 
Church,  commenced  his  first  regular 
course  of  lectures  on  obstetrics.  In 
order  to  give  jjractical  instruction,  he 
had,  by  his  infiuence  an<l  exertions,  estab- 
lished a  "  Lying-in-ward  "  (the  first  in 
the  city)  at  the  .Mmshouse.  and  was 
elected  attending  .Accoucheur.  In  1810, 
he  w'as  ilected  Professor  of  Midwifery 
in  the  rniversity  of  Pennsylvania.  This 
was  the  first  inilependent  chair  of  this 
branch  established  by  the  trustees, 
although  attendance  upon  the  lectures 
on  this  branch  were  not  at  thistime  made 
compulsory.  His  first  regular  course  of 
lectures  on  Obstetrics  in  the  Medical 
School  commenced  November,  1810.  In 
1813,  the  Trustees  nnanimo\isly  passed 
the  followin.g  resolution  :  "  Resolved 
that  hereal'ter  the  Professor  of  Midwifery 
shall  be  a  member  of  the  Medical  Faculty 
anrl  shall  have  all  the  power,  authority, 
and  privileges  belonging  to  a  jirfifcssor- 
ship  in  said  Faculty,  and  that  no  person 
shall  be  admitted  hereafter  as  a  candi- 
date for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine in  this  University  unless  he  shall 
have  regularly  attended  the  lectures  of 
said  Professor  for  two  years." 

About  the  year  1S21,  as  his  health  had 
began  to  fail.  Dr.  James  recjuested  the 
assistance  of  an  .Adjunct  Professor  of 
Midwifery  ;  this  oflTice  the  trustees,  in 
October,  1825.  established  and,  in  Novem- 
ber, elected  Dr.  William  P.  Deweestothe 
position.  In  i."<34.  Dr.  James  resigned 
the  prf)fessorship.  of  which  he  was  the 
founder,  and  had  sustained  for  a  period 
of  twenty-four  years. 

Dr.  James  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College 
of  Phvsicians  and  president  in  1835: 
a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society  and  .Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsvlvania  Hosi)ital,  1807,  resigned 
1 8 -IT 


499 


He  wrote  but  little  and  only  occasion- 
ally read  papers  before  tlie  College  of 
I'liysicians.  In  1S04,  lie  presented  the 
hIslDry  of  a  case  of  hyilatuls.  On  Sep- 
tember 4,  iSio,  he  reported  a  case  of 
premature  labor,  artificially  induced  in 
tile  case  with  contracted  pelvis,  after  the 
expiration  of  tile  seventh  month,  with 
the  gratifyiiiK  result  of  saving  Ixith 
mother  and  cliild.  This  is  the  first  rec- 
ord, it  is  saiil,  in  this  country,  of  the 
scientific  performance  of  this  operation, 
for  which  much  credit  is  atlachetl  to  Or. 
James.  Me  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
"  Eclectic  Repertory,"  and  contributed 
very  larRely  to  its  success.  He  edited 
Burns'  "Principles  of  Midwifery"  and 
Mcrnman's  "Synopsis,"  which  were 
principally  used  as  te.xt-boolcs  for  medi- 
cal students. 

He  died  July  5,  1835,  aged  sixty-nine 
years. 


John  Svn<;  Dorsey,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  December  23,  1783,  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  his 
uncle,  Dr.  I'hysick,  and  when  a  little 
over  eighteen  years  of  age  received  the 
•legree  of  Doctor  in  Medicine  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  at  its  com- 
mencement in  1802,  the  trustees  having 
<lispensed  in  his  case  with  the  rule 
requiring  the  graduate  of  medicine  to  be 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  His  thesis  was 
"The  Power  of  the  Gastric  Juice,  as  a 
Solvent  for  Urinary  Calculi." 

In  1803,  he  visited  England  and  France 
to  improve  himself,  especially  in  surgery; 
in  1804  he  returned  and  began  to  practice 
in  Phil.idelphia.  In  1S07  lie  was  elected 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the 
University.  In  1815  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and,  in 
1818,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Wistar,  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Anatomy.  He 
delivered      an      eloquent     introductory 


lecture  on  November  3,  which  was  his 
last  work,  for  on  the  evening  of  the  same 
day,  he  was  attacked  with  fever  of  such 
violent  type,  that  in  one  week  it  closed 
his  existence. 

Elected  a  Surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  ill  1810,  he  served  until  his 
death,  November  12,  1818,  in  the  thirty- 
fifth  year  of  his  age.  "  Elevated  to  a 
position  alnive  which  he  could  hardly 
iiscend  and  surrounded  by  all  that  we 
most  value.  Providence  seems  to  have 
selected  him  as  an  instance  to  teach  a 
salutary  lesson  of  the  shortness  of  life, 
the  insignificance  of  things  transitory, 
and  the  importance  of  th.it  eternity 
which  absorbs  all  being  and  all  time." 

Ill  person.  Dr.  llorsey  was  eminently 
handsome.  His  features  were  broad  and 
intellectual,  his  nose  prominent,  his  lips 
large,  and  his  chin  well  rounded.  The 
eyes  were  blue  and  sparkling  with 
intelligence,  the  forehead  was  ample, 
and  the  hair,  which  was  rather 
brownish,  fell  negligently  in  a  large  cue 
over  his  collar,  in  accordance  with  the 
fashion  of  the  times. 

JosF.PH  H.\RTSH0RNE  was  Iwru  in 
Alexandria,  \irginia,  December  12,  1779. 

After  he  had  completed  his  collegi.ale 
education,  in  the  Academy  at  .Alexandria, 
he  served  for  a  time  in  the  counting 
house  of  his  father.  He  then  read  medi- 
cine as  a  pupil  of  Doctor  James  Craik, 
of  Alexandria,  Va.,  who  was  the  physi- 
cian to  General  Washington  during  his 
last  illness. 

After  two  years  of  preliminary  study, 
on  July  27,  1801,  he  was  appointed 
Resident  Apprentice  and  Apothecary  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  He  also 
matriculated  at  the  University.  Doring 
his  five  years  term  of  service,  the  library 
and  museum  of  the  Hospital  received  a 
large  share  of  his  attention.  He  pre- 
pared for  publication  the  first  alphabeti- 
cal catalogue  of  the  Hospital  Library. 

After  several  years  of  study  in  the 
Hospital  and  attendance  on  lectures,  he 
was  graduated  in  medicine  by  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1805,  his 
thesis  being  "On  the  Influence  of  the 
Atmosphere  in  Respir.ation." 

He  prepared  an  American  edition  of 
"  Boyer's  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the 
Bones,  with  an  Original  Appendix  of 
Recent  Cases  and  some  New  Forms  of 
Apparatus." 

In  1821  he  made  a  voyage  to  Batavia  as 
surgeon  and  supercargo  of  an  East  India 
Merchantman,  which  occupied  about  ten 
months  and  was  pecuniarily  successful. 
He  soon  again  made  a  second  voyage, 
being  absent  about  fifteen  months.  On 
his  return  to  Philadelphia,  he  entered  on 
the  practice  of  his  profession. 


In   iSij,  he  married  Anna,  a  daughter 
of  Isaac  Bonsall,  of  Philadelphia. 


gaged  ill  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  June  20,  1813, 
resigned  in  183,5.  The  following  minute 
was  made  by  the  Board  of  Managers : 
"  A  communication  was  received  from 
Dr.  John  C.  Otto,  resigning  the  position 
of  attending  physician,  after  more  than 
twenty-two  >'ears'  service  most  accept- 
ably rendered  this  Institution.  The 
Managers,  on  parting  officially  from  the 
Doctor,  tender  to  him  their  acknowledg- 
ments for  his  long,  faithful  and  useful 
labors  ;  and  assure  him  of  their  cordial 
regard,  and  best  wishes  for  whatever 
may  contribute  to  his  future  happiness." 

He  published  an  "  .-Iccount  of  an 
Hemorrhagic  Disposition  e.tisting  in 
certain  Families:"  "A  Case  of  Epi- 
lepsy," etc. 


He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Medical  Society,  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  and  in  1824  was 
made  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians of  Philadelphia. 

In  iSio.  he  was  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  but 
resigned  on  account  of  the  demands  of 
a  large  private  practice.  .August  27,  1S21  : 
he  had  previously  served  in  the  Out- 
patient Department  from  January  30, 
i8og,  to  July  3,  1810.  He  died  .\ugust 
5,  1850,  in  the  seventy-first  year  of  his  age. 

John  C.  Otto  was  born  March  14. 
1774,  near  Woodbury,  N.  J.  His  father, 
Dr.  Bodo  Otto,  was  an  eminent  physician 
of  his  time  and  an  officer  in  the 
Revolutionary  Army.  Dr.  Otto's  grand- 
father and  great-grandfather  were  both 
physicians,  the  former  emigrated  in  1752 
from  Germany  to  this  country,  being 
then  forty-three  years  of  age,  he  settled 
in  Philadelphia.  Having  received  a 
European  education,  he  was  much 
esteemed  for  his  literary  and  medical 
knowledge:  his  practice  was  largely 
among  the  German  population .  especially 
having  a  reputation  as  a  surgeon.  He 
attended  the  .American  army,  encamped 
at  Valley  Forge,  and  was  in  charge  of 
the  Hospital  there  during  the  winter  of 
1778,  although  then  advanced  in  years, 
and  declined  all  compensation  for  his 
services. 

Dr.  John  C.  Otto  was  educated  at  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Princeton, 
where  he  received  the  degree  of  .A.  B.  in 
1792.  He  then  came  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine,  and  became  a  pupil  of  Dr. 
Rush.  He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  | 
of  Medicine  in  1796,  from  the  l.^niversity  ' 
of   Pennsvlvania,    and   immediatelv    en-   1 


Dr.  Otto  was  a  member  of  the  .Ameri- 
can Philosophical  Society,  the  College  ol 
Physicians  of  Philadelphia,  etc. 

Dr.  Otto  died  June  26,  1844,  aged 
seventy  years. 

Samuel  Colhoun  was  born  in  1787  ; 
he  was  a  medical  apprentice  and  student 
of  medicine  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital from  May  11,  1809  to  iSio.  He  was 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Medical  Society  ;  and  of  the  College 
of  Physicians.  He  was  also  Professor 
of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Medical  College. 

He  was  elected  member  of  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in 
1816,  resigned  in  1821. 

He  died  April  7,  1841,  aged  fifty-four 
years. 

Joseph  Parrish  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, September  2,  1779. 

His  parents  being  members  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends,  he  was  taught  in  their 


5°i 


schools,  especially  in  the  liiglivr  branches, 
including;  I.atiii. 

Although  his  early  inclination  was  to- 
wards the  medical  profession,  lie  enKaged 
in  the  business  of  his  father,  who  was  a 
hatter,  until  his  twenty-second  year, 
when  obtaining  the  consent  of  his  parents 
to  a  change  of  pursuit,  he  decided  to 
commence  the  sludy  of  medicine  as  a 
private  pupil  in  the  olVice  of  Dr.  Wistar. 
He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine  ifk>$,  from  the  Universitv  of 
Pennsylvania,  his  thesis  being,  "  I'pon 
the  Influence  of  the  Passions  in  the  Pro- 
duction and  Cure  of  Disease." 

At  the  beginning  of  his  i)ractice,  he  was 
appointed  Resident  Physician  to  the  Yel- 
low Fever  Hospital.  In  1S07-10  he  gave 
popular  lectures  on  Chemistry  ;  his  prac- 
tice now  h.ad  greatly  increased,  lie  was 
Surgeon  to  the  Philadelphia  Almshouse 
(1806-22):  Vice-President  of  the  College 
of  Physicians,  lie  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  .\merican  Philosophical 
Society,  1815.  He  was  President  of  the 
Hoard  of  Managers  of  Wills  Hospital 
(18^2-401;  and  President  of  the  Pennsv  I 
vania  Abolition  Society  ;  he  had  at  <jne 
time  as  high  as  thirty  medical  students 
in  his  office,  in  the  midst  of  his  engrossing 
duties. 

In  the  autumn  of  180S,  he  married 
Miss  Cow,  of  Burlington  N.  J.,  who  sur- 
vived him. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  StafT  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1S16,  re- 
signed in  1829. 

While  not  a  voluminous  writer,  he  con- 
tributed a  number  of  papers  on  medical 
and  surgical  subjects  to  the  medical 
periodicals. 

He  died  March  18,  1840,  aged  si.xly 
years. 

Thomas  T.  Hkwsdn  was  born  .April  9, 
1773,  in  London  ;  he  was  the  second  son 
of  William  Hewson,  the  celebrated  anat- 
omist and  physiologist.  In  March,  1781, 
when  eight  years  old,  he  entered  the 
school  of  William  (iilpin,  at  Cheani,  near 
London,  where  he  resided  untd  the  sum- 
mer of  178('>.  with  the  exception  of  five 
months  which  lie  spent  at  Passy,  with 
Dr.  Franklin  in  the  winter  of  17S4-85. 

In  the  summer  of  1786,  he  came  to 
.\merica  and  entered  the  College  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  1789  he  took  the  de- 
gree of  A.  B. 

He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  John 
Foulke  for  live  years  :  in  June,  1794,  he 
returned  to  England,  and  the  following 
September  he  entered  St.  Bartholomew's 
Hospital,  as  one  of  two  house  surgeons. 
In  179.S,  he  went  to  Edinburgh  and  re- 
mained until  1796. 

In  iSoo,  he  returned  to  Philadelphia  and 
at  once  entered  ujjon  the  practice  of  his 


profession,  lie  was  physician  to tlieW.il- 
nul  Street  prison  from  i.'<o6  to  i.Mii,  and 
the  inspectors  of  that  institution  to  ccm- 
memorale  his  distinguished  professional 
services  among  the  prisoners,  during  the 
prevalence  of  malignant  typhus  fever,  in 
the  winter  of  1S17-18,  presented  him  with 
a  han<lsome  silver  vase,  appropriately 
inscribed. 

In  iM  I,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Sur- 
geons of  the  Philadelphia  Almshouse. 
In  1816  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Com- 
parative Anatomy  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1817  he  was  ap|>ointed 
Physician  to  the  Orphan  .Asylum;  a  posi- 
tion he  held  for  twenty  years.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Edinburgh  Med- 
ical Society  in  1796;  .American  Philosoph- 
ical Society,  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  Secretary,  1802-12;  President, 
'^J5  4**  I  'ind  received  the  high  honor  of 
an  Honorary  M.  D.  from  Ihc  Harvard 
University  in  1822. 

He  contributed  largely  to  the  forma- 
tion and  revision  of  the  National  Phar- 
macopiL'ia. 

I  luring  the  prevalence  of  yellow  fever 
in  Philadelphia,  on  August  27,  1820,  he 
prolTered  his  services  to  the  Board  of 
Health  to  attend  the  Yellow  Fever  Hos- 
pital and  his  offer  was  accepted. 

In  1822.  I>r.  Hewson  established  a  pri- 
vate medical  school,  consisting  of  himself 
as  a  teacher  of  Anatomy  and  Practice; 
Dr.  Thomas  Harris,  of  Surgery  ;  Dr. 
Meigs,  of  Physiology  and  Midwifery,  and 
Dr.  F.  Bache,  of  (Mieniislrv  and  Materia 
Meilica  ;  as  thus  organized  the  school 
continued  for  several  years,  during  which 
|)criod  Dr.  Hewson  gave  an  annual  course 
of  anatomical  lectures. 

On  July  5,  1834,  the  Board  of  Health 
established  a  "Cholera  Medical  Board," 
composed  of  twelve  physicians  from  the 
city  and  districts  ami  the  Port  Physician. 
On  the  loth,  Dr  Hewson  was  appointed 
a  member  of  this  Board,  and  at  its  first 
meeting  was  elected  President  ;  in  the 
organization  of  the  several  hospitals  and 
stations,  he  was  appointed  Ph\sicran-in- 
Chief.  which  position  he  filled  until  the 
dissolution  of  the  Board  and  closing  of 
the  hospital  on  the  thirtieth  of  October 
folhjwing. 

The  Board  of  Health  made  him  a  hand- 
some pecuniar)'  acknowletlgment,  '  *  Not, ' ' 
they  remark,  "  as  a  compensation  for  the 
invaluable  services  rendered  by  him  to 
the  sufTering  poor  of  the  city  and  county 
during  the  prevalance  of  the  recent  epi- 
demic ;  but  as  an  expression  in  pecuni- 
ary form,  of  their  high  estimate  of  his 
unremitting  attention  to  the  duties  of  a 
situation,  at  once  onerous  and  responsi- 
ble, which  he  was  induced  to  accept,  at 
their  request,  at  a  season  of  uncommon 
alarm  and  excitement." 


He  was  elected  one  of  tlie  Surgeons  of  \ 
the   Medical   StafT  of    llie   Pennsylvania 
Hospital  in   iSi8,  and  continued   in  the 
position  until  1835. 

He  married  on  Novembers.  1S12,  Emily 
Banks,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

He  died  February  17,  1848,  aged  nearly    ' 
seventy- five  years. 

John  Moore,  was  born  in  Upper 
Merion  Township.  Montgomery  County, 
Pa..  April  iS.  1778.  His  parents  were 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends ;  his 
elementary  education  was  received  in  a 
neighboring  school,  but  mostly  at  home 
under  his  elder  brother's  tuition,  who 
was  a  lawyer  and  Judge  in  Crawford 
County.  At  the  age  of  eighteen,  Jolui 
went  to  reside  in  the  family  of  Dr.  Wil- 
son, of  Bucks  County,  who  being  a  classi- 
cal scholar,  taught  liim  Latin,  and  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine.  1796. 

In  the  winter  of  1797.  he  removed  to 
Philadelphia  and  became  a  private  pupil 
of  Dr.  Caspar  Wistar.  and  during  the 
following  winter,  became  a  member  of  the 
Medical  Society.  In  179S,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Apothecary  to  the  Philadelphia 
Almshouse,  but  owing  tn  his  health  be- 
coming impaired,  he  resigned  his  ])Osi- 
tion  in  1799.  He  shortly  afterward  re- 
turned, remaining  there  until  the  spring 
of  1800,  when  he  receivetl  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  his  thesis  being  "  Digi- 
talis Purpurea." 

He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  the  vicinity  of  Jenkintown, 
Montgomery  County,  Pa.,  in  1800,  as  a 
partner  to  Dr.  Samuel  Glenn. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1820,  as 
Obstetrician,  and  continued  to  serve  in 
that  capacitv  until  lie  resigned  in  1829. 

Dr.  Moore  was  a  Fellow  of  College  of 
Physicians.  He  was  also  one  of  the  Over- 
seers of  Public  Schools 

He  died  May  23.  1S36.  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 

Wir.I-i.AM  Price  was  born  September 
17,  1788.  He  was  one  of  the  early  West 
Town  scholars,  and  he  left  home  before 
lie  was  of  age.  to  teach  a  school  for  colored 
children,  under  the  care  of  Friends,  in 
Philadelphia.  He  studied  medicine  with 
Dr.  Joseph  Parrish.  He  was  graduated 
in  1813  fron)  the  I'niversity  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  served  as  medical  ajiprentice 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  from  1813-14. 
He  spent  some  three  years  in  Paris,  in 
assiduous  attendance  upon  lectures  and 
hospitals  of  that  great  centre  of  medical 
teaching.  Returning,  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Philadelphia. 

In  1821.  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Medical  Staff  of  the   Pennsvlvania   Hos- 


pital ;  he  resigned  May  12,  1823.  In  1821, 
by  his  own  request,  he  was  transferred 
from  the  Medical  to  the  Surgical  Depart- 
ment. He  was  diverted  from  the  regular 
pursuit  of  his  profession  and  served  for 
several  years  in  the  Ohio  Legislature  ; 
but  resumed  practice  in  C'incinnati,  where 
he  lived  until  his  death,  January  27,  1S60, 
aged  seventy-two  years. 

His  disposition  was  most  kind  and 
social,  and  his  manners,  always  gentle 
and  without  affectation,  were  most 
polished  and  attractive. 

John  Wh.so.v  Moore  was  an  Ap- 
prentice from  1808-1S13  and  "  Chief 
.\pothecary "  (in  1810)  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital.  He  received  his  degree 
of  Doctor  in  Medicine  from  the  I'niversity 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1S12  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society  ; 
Fellow  of  College  of  Physicians  :  and  of 
the  .\merican  Medical  .Association. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1.S21,  re- 
signed 1827. 

He  died  June  25,  1865. 


S.vMi  i;i.  Kmt.en  was  born  in  Chester 
County.  Pa..  March  6,  1789.  In  1S08  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Joseph  Parrish.  and  was  graduated  by 
the  Universitv  in  1812. 

The  following  June,  he  visited  Europe, 
and  the  Hospitals  o(  London  and  Paris. 
.\fter  the  capitulation  of  Paris,  he  re- 
turned to  London,  thence  to  Hollanil, 
and  came  home,  after  a  two  years'  ab- 
sence, in  the  corvette  "John  .■\dams,"  as 
bearer  of  despatches  for  the  Govern- 
ment. On  his  return,  he  at  once  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Philadelphia.  He  was  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Health  in  1819;  Physician  to  the 
Friends'  Asylum  for  the  Insane:  and  a 
Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 


50.3 


lie  was  elected  tip  the  Medical  Stall'  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1823,  and 
continued  in  this  position  until  his  death. 

In  organization  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Society  for  DiscouraginR  the  I'se  of 
Ardent  Spirits,  as  well  as  in  its  adminis- 
tration as  manager,  he  took  an  active 
part. 

He  died  April  i;,  1828,  aged  thirty- 
nine  years. 

John  Rhea  Barton  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster, I'a.,  April,  179O;  his  father, William 
Barton,  was  a  member  of  the  bar  ol  Lan- 
caster and  was  a  prominent  jurist.  He 
became  the  President  Judge  of  the 
judicial  districts  composed  of  Lancaster, 
York  and  Danphln  Counties.  At  a  later 
date,  he  discharged  the  duties  of  Pro- 
thonotary  in  his  native  county,  he  sub- 
sequently removed  from  Lancaster  to 
Philadelphia,  when  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  .American  Philosophical 
Society,  receiving  shortly  after,  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  the  honorary 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

John  Rhea  Barton  was  educated  at  the 
University  uf  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  Medicine  in  iSiS,  his 
thesis  being  "Certain  Injuries  of  the 
Bones  of  Children."  He  served  as  a 
medical  apprentice  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  from  i8i.?  to  iSiS.  After  com- 
pleting his  medical  studies  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  surgeons  to  the 
Philadelphia  .Almshouse. 

He  was  elected  on  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1823,  re- 
signed 1836. 

Ur.  Barton's  ingenuity  and  mechanical 
genius  was  made  prominent  in  his  mani- 
pulations and  special  management  of 
fractures ;  the  profession  is  indebted  to 
him  for  the  "figure  of  eight  bandage  of 
the  head,"  which  continues  to  bear  his 
name  :  he  also  introduced  what  is  known 
as  "the  bran  dressing."  He,  in  1826, 
was  the  first  surgeon  to  pioneer  the  way 
in  subcutaneous  osteotomy.  "  .As  an 
operator,  he  was  cool,  decided,  elegant 
and  full  of  resource,  using  either  hand 
with  equal  facility,  he  seldom  changed 
his  position  when  engaged  in  any  surgical 
j)rocedure." 

In  1840,  he  retired  from  active  practice. 

His  contributions  to  medical  literature 
were  not  numerous.  In  1827,  he  pub- 
lished in  the  "  North  American  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal,"  a  paper  on  the 
"  Treatment  of  Anchylosis  by  the  Forma- 
tion of  Artificial  Joints  ;"  in  183S  a  paper 
entitled  "Views  and  Treatment  of  an 
Important  Injury  totlie  Wrist." 

Dr.  D.  Hayes  Agnew  concluded  a 
brief  sketch  of  his  life,  with  the  beautiful 
sentiment:  "The  sun  sinks  below  the 
western  horizon,  but  long  after  the  great 


body  of  Ilame  has  passed  out  of  sight 
there  lingers  on  the  bending  sky  a  mellow- 
sheen  of  gi>lden  glory  ;  and  so  men  die 
and  drop  out  of  rank,  i)ut  the  influence 
and  power  of  their  lives  remain  the  heri- 
tage of  succeeding  generations." 

To  commemorate  his  services  to  Amer- 
ican Surgery  and  perpetuate  his  name, 
his  widow  established,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Trustees,  the  "John  Rhea  Barton 
Professorship  of  the  Principles  and  Prac- 
tice of  Surgery  "  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the   University  of  Pennsylvania 

Dr.  Barton  died  January  i,  1871,  aged 
seventy-five  years. 


John  KEARSLEy  Mitchkll  was  born 
March  12,  1793,  at  Shepherdstown,  Va. 
.At  an  early  age,  he  was  sent  to  Scotland 
to  pursue  a  course  of  Academic  studies 
at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  prepara- 
tory to  entering  upon  the  study  of  medi- 
cine ;  he  completed  his  collegiate  course 
and  received  tlie  degree  of  A.  B.,  then  left 
Scotland  and  returned  to  .America.  Soon 
after  this  he  came  to  Philadelphia,  and 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Chap- 
man (1816)  and  commenced  his  pro- 
fessional studies  :  he  received  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  1819. 

In  1822  he  settled  in  Philadelphia  and 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  His 
services  (.iuring  seasons  of  i)estilence, 
and  in  the  City  Hospitals,  were  twice 
rewarded  by  Munici|)al  gifts. 

He  was  elected  Lecturer  on  Chemistry 
1823-32.  1826-JO,  he  lectured  in  the 
Franklin  Institute,  on  Chemistry  applied 
to  the  .Arts. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  Fellow 
of  College  of  Physicians,  Pliiladel])hia, 
Lecturer  on  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine in  Jefferson  Medical  College,  etc. 


504 


Dr.  Mitchell  was  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Hospital,  1827,  and  in  1834, 
he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  William  Rush. 

He  contributed  to  the  North  American 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  articles 
upon  Chronic  Dysentery,  based  upon  his 
experience  and  treatment  of  this  disease 
as  he  had  seen  it  in  the  East  Indies  (i*>28), 
also  "On  a  New  Practice  in  Acute  and 
Chronic  Rheumatism,"  and  two  years 
afterward,  another  article  upon  the  same 
subject.  He  edited  Faraday's  Chemi- 
cal Manipulations,  with  notes  (1830)  ; 
wrote  Chemical  and  Pharmaceutical 
History  and  Toxicological  Effects  of 
Arsenic  (1S36);  Cryptogamous  Origin  of 
Malarious  and  Endemic  P'evers ;  with 
his  hyijothesis  of  the  cause  of  these 
diseases  and  of  Cholera  Asiatica,  Plague, 
and  Yellow  Fa^fer  ;  and  other  valuable 
contributions.  A  collection  of  his  essays, 
including  a  valuable  paper  on  Animal 
Magnetism,  was  published  in  iSs.S.  He 
was  author  of  "  Indecision  and  other 
Poems  "  (1S39) ;  also  of  Popular  Lectures 
on  Scientific  Subjects  which  were  trans- 
lated into  several  foreign  languages. 

He  died  April  4,  1858,  aged  sixty-five 
years. 

Benjamin  H.  Coates  was  born  Novem- 
ber 14,  1797.  From  his  early  years  he 
showed  a  natural  love  for  books,  and  for 
science,  which  was  so  characteristic  of 
liim  throughout  life.  He  received  an 
excellent  literary  and  classical  education 
at  Friends'  Grammar  School. 

He  was  a  resident,  medical  student  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  from  1814 
to  1S19.  under  the  preceptorship  of 
Dr.  Philip  S.  Physick.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Doctor  in  Medicine,  in  1818.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  College  of  Physicians,  American 
Medical  Association,  President  of  the 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society, 
one  of  the  founders  and  Vice-President 
of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  delivered  the  address  at  the  laying  of 
the  corner  stone  of  the  Department 
fur  the  Insane,  June  22,  1836. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Hospital,  1S28,  resigned  in  1841. 

Me  died  October  16,  18S1,  aged  nearly 
eighty-four  years. 

Thomas  Harris  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  January  3,  17S4. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Cieiieral  William 
Harris,  who  served  with  distinction  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

In  the  spring  of  1804,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  and  obtained  his 
degree  in  1809,  from  the  Univeisity  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1812,  during  the  war 
with   Great    Britain,    he    received     from 


Mr.  Madison  a  commission  as  surgeon  in 
the  navy  and  joined  the  Wasp  sloop  of 
war,  under  the  command  of  Commodore 
Jacob  Jones.  Hardly  had  Dr.  Harris 
entered  the  service,  when  he  had  the  good 
fortune  to  take  part  in  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  actions  of  the  war.  A  week 
after  sailing  from  New  Castle,  the  Wasp 
encountered  the  sloop  of  war  Frolic,  of  a 
superior  force,  and,  after  an  action  of 
little  more  than  half  an  hour,  captured 
her.  An  hour  subsequently,  however, 
both  ships  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Poic- 
tiers,  seventy-four,  which  carried  them 
into  Bermuda.  Here  they  remained  a 
few  weeks,  until  they  were  exchanged. 

Dr.  Harris  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Philadelphia  in  1817. 
His  success  was  brilliant  and  he  was,  for 
a  number  of  years,  a  lecturer  on  surgery. 
His  style  was  familiar,  sometimes  con- 
versational, and  his  matter  had  the  great 
attraction  of  appearing  to  emanate  more 
from  his  own  experience  than  the  glean- 
ings from  books.  Though  not  a  great 
writer,  he  contributed  a  number  of 
articles  to  different  medical  periodicals 
and  published  a  life  of  Commodore  Bain- 
bridge  in  1837.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Medical  Staff  of  the  Hospital  in  1829,  and 
resigned  in  1840. 

Dr.  Harris  died  in  i86r. 

Charles  Lukens  was  graduated  in 
Medicine  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1S16. 

He  was  a  Fellow  of  College  of  Physi- 
cians. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1829,  and 
resigned  1839. 


Hugh  L.  Hodge  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, June  27.  1796.  He  received  the 
degree  of  .-V.  B.  in  1S14,  from  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  at  Princeton,  and  graduated 


505 


in  Medicine  from  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  iSiS.  He  was  soon  after 
appointed  surgeon  to  a  trading  vessel 
and  made  a  trip  to  tlic  East  Indies  ;  on 
his  rtlurn  to  Philadelphia  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine. 

He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  ;  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society;  and  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  American  Medical 
Association. 

In  1S35,  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Obstetrics  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  resigned  in  1863,  when  he  was 
ap|>ointed  Kmeritus   Professor. 

He  was  elected  to  ilie  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  (I-yingin  Department),  in  1S32, 
and  resigned  in  1S54. 

On  November  12,  1828,  he  marrieil 
Margaret  E.  Aspinwall,  of  New  York. 

Dr.  Hodge  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
North  .American  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal.  He  published,  in  i."<6o,  a  work 
on  "  Diseases  Peculiar  to  Women  "  and  in 
1864,  a  treatise  entitled,  "The  Principles 
and  Practice  of  Obstetrics,"  lie  received 
the  degree  of  LI-.  I),  in  1872,  from  the 
College  of  New  Jersey. 

He  died  February  26,  187?,  aged  sev- 
enty-six years. 

\Vil.i.i.\M  Rush,  son  of  Dr.  Benjamin 
Rush,  was  born  in  i8o<>.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Medical  Start'  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1834,  resigned 
1837. 

He  died  November  20,  1864,  aged 
si.xty-four  years,  and  was  buried  at 
Christ  Church. 


GKiikC.E  B.xioN  Woiii)  was  born  in 
Greenwich,  N.  J.,  March  3,  1797.  He 
received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1815,  and 
of  Doctor  in  Medicine  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  in  1S18. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences;  Professor  of  Chemistry, 


Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  ,  Pro- 
fessor Materia  Medica,  same  College, 
1831-35;  Felicfw  of  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  President  1 1S48-79) ;  .\meric.in 
Philosophical  Society,  July  i829and  Presi- 
dent 1 1859  791 :  Trustee  i>fGirard  College 
from  1833  41  ;  President  of  the  .\merican 
Medical  Association  iiss.SSSi;  Presi- 
dent National  Convention  for  Revision  of 
Pharmacopieia  (1850  and  iSOo.) 

Dr.  WootI  was  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Pharmacy  from  183s  to  1S50 
and  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  .Medicine 
from  1^50-60,  in  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. He  instituted  anew  departure 
in  the  metho<l  of  leaching,  by  making  it 
demonstrative.  In  adilitioii  to  an  ad- 
mirable- cabinet  of  drawings  and  speci- 
mens illustrative  of  Materia  .Medica, 
Dr.  Wood  erected  a  9|)acious  green- 
house in  his  garden,  for  the  preservation 
and  cultivation  of  medicinal  plants. 

Not  only  were  his  lectures  rendered 
more  interesting,  from  the  exhibition  of 
living  plants,  but  he  also  richly  pro\ided 
materi.il  for  teaching,  and  every  depart- 
ment of  his  subject  was  appropriately 
Illustrated  by  diagrams  of  pathological 
lesions  of  the  organs,  also  casts,  and 
models  of  disease,  apparatus,  and  exten- 
sive range  of  pathological  preparations. 

As  a  member  of  the  College  cf  Physi- 
cians, he  took  an  active  part,  and  con- 
tributed live  hundred  dollars  annually, 
in  order  that  the  library  might  be  daily 
available.  He  also  gave  four  thou- 
sand dollars  towards  the  erection  of 
a  Hall,  and  made  other  generous  and 
liberal  gifts  to  forward  its  purposes  and, 
by  his  will,  gave  his  valuable  library  to 
the  College. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staft'  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1835,  re- 
signed   1859. 

When,  at  the  end  of  twenty-four  years' 
service,  he  retired  from  the  Medical  Staff, 
the  Managers  adopted  the  following  reso- 
lutions : 

"The  President  and  Secretary  are 
requested  to  convex'  to  Dr.  Wood  the 
regret  of  the  Board  at  parting  with  him. 
'Also  Resolved:  That  the  Board  in 
accepting  the  resignation  of  l>r.  George 
B.  Wood  desire  to  express  their  regret  at 
parting  with  one  who  for  twenty-four 
years  discharged  with  great  zeal  and 
iidelity  the  responsible  duties  devolving 
upon  iiini. 

"  Resolved  :  That  the  Board  fully  ap- 
preciate the  liberality  of  Dr.  Wood 
towards  the  erection  of  new  buildings  for 
the  insane,  displayed  when  the  work  of 
obtaining  subscriptions  had  scarcely 
commenced  and  which  interest,  we  be- 
lieve, continues  unabated.  .And  that,  in 
his  retirement  from  the  post  so  long  and 
ablv  tilled  bv  him,  he  carries  witi'  him 


506 


our  best  wishes  for  his  future'prosperity 
and  happiness/* 

The  published  works  of  Dr.  Wood  are  : 
The  U.  S.  Dispensatory,  edited  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Dr.  Bache  ;  also  a  Treatise  on 
the  Practice  of  Medicine;  and  a  Treatise 
on  Therapeutics  and  Pharmacology,  each 
of  which  went  through  several  editions. 

He  died  March  30,  1879.  in  the  eighty- 
third  year  of  his  age. 


Jacob  R.^ndolph  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, November  25,  1796.  In  1S14,  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  and, 
in  1817,  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  in 
Medicine  (rom  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania. He  was  subsequently  made 
surgeon  to  a  vessel  bound  to  China,  but 
left  the  vessel  on  its  arrival  in  England, 
in  consequence  of  severe  and  protracted 
suffering  from  sea-sickness.  He  passed 
several  months  in  visiting  Scotland  and 
France.  On  his  return  to  Philadelphia,  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

He  married  in  1822,  a  daughter  of 
Dr.  Philip  Syng  Physick. 

In  1830,  he  received  the  appointment 
of  surgeon  to  the  Almshouse  Infirmary, 
or  Philadelphia  Hospital ;  in  tlie  same 
year  he  was  associated  with  other  prac- 
titioners as  a  lecturer  on  Surgery,  in  the 
"  Summer  School  of  Medicine." 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Medical  Society,  1S15  ;  American 
Philosophical  Society,  1S33 ;  College  of 
Physicians  of  Philadelphia.  1834-48  ;  and 
American  Medical  Association,  1847. 

While  abroad,  in  1840,  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Operative  Surgery  in  the 
Jefferson  Medical  Collegeof  Philadelphia, 
which  he  declined,  as  it  required  an 
immediate  return.  After  an  absence  of 
two  years,  he  returned  to  Philadelphia 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, principally  as  consulting  surgeon. 


In  1847,  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Clinical  Surgery  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Hospital,  in  1S35,  and  continued  in  its- 
service  until  his  death,  February  29,  1848. 
at  the  age  of  fifty-one  vears. 

GEORtiE  W.  NoKKis  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  November  6,  1808.  He 
entered  the  Academical  Department  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1^27.  He  was 
a  pupil  of  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish  and  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine,  in  1S30, 
from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Immediately  alter  graduation,  he  was 
elected  resident  physician  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  and  served  until  1833  : 
the  same  year  he  went  to  Paris,  and 
attended  the  lectures  of  Dupuytren,  Vel- 
peau,  Rou.t  and  Magendie.  While  in 
Paris,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Societe  Medicale  d'Observation.  In  1835, . 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia  and  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession. 

In  184S  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Clinical  Surgery  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania :  he  served  until  1857. 
when  he  resigned,  having  been  elected 
Trustee  of  the  University. 

He   was   elected   to   the   Staff  of    the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital   in   1836,  and  re 
signed  in  1863. 

Dr.lNorris's  first  publication,  which  ap 
peared  in  1837  in  the  "  American  Journal 


of  the  Medical  Sciences,"  was  on  Fracture - 
and  Dislocation  of  the  Astragalus.  He 
contributed  during  a  period  of  thirty 
years,  at  intervals,  a  number  of  medical 
essays,  statistical  papers,  and  details  of 
cases,  most  of  which  were  collected  and 
published  before  his  death,  in  a  work  of 
one  volume,  entitled  "Contributions  to 
Practical  Surgery." 


507 


Dr.  Norris  was  one  of  the  Consulting  i 
Surgeons  to  the  Orlhopa-dic  Hospital ; 
the  Children's  Hospital,  of  which  he  was 
President  of  (he  Board  of  Mana{<ers. 
He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians ;  Vice-President  (1864),  member 
of  American  Philosophical  Society, 
American  Medical  Association,  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  etc.  President  of  the  , 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  I 

He  died  March  4,  1875,  aged  sixty-six    < 
•years.  ! 

Thomas  Stewardson  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  July  10,  1807  ;  he  attended 
the  William  Penn  Charter  School,  and 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1S30. 

He    was  soon  after   elected    Resident 
Physician    in  the    Pennsylvania  Hospital    1 
and  served  until  April.  1S32.     After  com- 
pleting his  term  of  service  in  the  Hospital,    ' 
lie  visited  Paris  and  passed  the  winter  in 
walking  the  hospitals       In  March   1.S33, 
he  visited  Italy  and  after  a  three  months' 
absence  he  returned  to  Paris.  In  October, 
1833,     he    was     elected    a     member     of  I 
La  Societe  Mcdicale  d'  Observation      In 
May,  1834,  he   left    Paris,  and   remained 
several  weeks  in  England  and  Scotland, 
and  returned  to  Philadelphia  November, 

He  was  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital  in  May  11,  i^3-H,  resigned  on 
account  of  ill-health  in  1845. 

Dr.  Stcwardsoii  was  a  Fellow  of  the 
■College  of  Physicians,  and  a  member  of 
the  Academy  of  .N'atnral  Sciences,  Phila- 
delphia, and  Physician  to  the  Philadel- 
phia (Blockley)  Hospital. 

He  w.is  one  of  the  Collaborators  of 
the  ".American  Journal  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,"  and  edited  the  first  .■\merican 
edition  of  Dr.  John  Elliotson's  Principles 
and  Practice  of  Medicine. 

.•\bout  1S44,  he  had  a  severe  attack  of 
pneumonia,  follnwed  by  hemorrhages, 
and  wasadvised  to  seek  a  milder  climate. 
He  selected  Savannah,  Ga.,  as  his  luture 
abode.  The  College  of  Physicians  elected 
him  an  associate  Fellow  in   i><47. 

Dr.  Stewardson  established  himself  in 
Savannah  in  1845  and  made  a  specialty 
of  the  treatment  of  Yellow  Fever.  At 
the  end  of  four  years,  after  obtaining  a 
large  practice,  he  again  was  obliged,  on 
account  of  ill-health,  to  abandon  it.  and  he 
removed  to  Marietta.  Cobb  t^ounty,  Ga. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Natural  Science  in  the  Georgia  Military 
Institute  at  Marietta,  which  lie  resigned 
after  two  years'  service,  .-^fter  residing 
twelve  years  in  Georgia,  he  returned  to 
Philadelphia  in  the  autumn  of  1858, 
although  apparently  in  good  health,  he 
did  not  resume  the  practice  of  his  firofes- 


sion.  He  was  again  elected  to  the  College 
of  Physicians.  He  introduced  into  this 
country  the  new  silkwoim,  Bombyx 
("ynthia  or  Atlacus  Cynthia,  which  feeds 
on  the  leaves  of  the  Ailantlius  tree. 

Dr.  Stewardson  died  June  30,  1878, 
aged  nearly  seventy-one  years. 

CiiARi.KS  Dki.icicna  Meigs  was  born, 
in  the  Island  of  St.  George,  Bermuda, 
February  19,  1792.  He  graduated  A.  H. 
at  till-  University  of  Georgia  in  1809; 
after  which  in  the  same  year  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under 
l>r.  Thomas  Hanson  Marshall  Fendell, 
of  .Augusta,  to  whom  he  was  apprenticed 
for  three  years,  at  the  expiration  of  this 
time  he  returned,  in  1812,  to  his  home  at 
Athens. 

He  removed  to  Philadelphia  and  ma- 
triculated  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 


vania in  1812,  and  received  the  degree  ol 
Doctor  of  Medicine,  1817. 

In  1815,  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Georgia. 

He  came  to  Philadelphia  in  the  summer 
of  1.S17,  and  soon  became  prominent  in 
his  profession.  In  1818  he  receiveil  the 
honorary  degree  of  M.  D.  from  Princeton 
College,  N.  J.  ;  in  1830  he  commenced 
and  continued  for  six  years  to  lecture  on 
Midwifery  in  the  School  of  Medicine;  in 
1841  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics and  Diseases  <if  Children  in  the  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College,  a  position  he  held 
from  1841-61  ;  he  also  delivered  various 
public  lectures  and  addresses. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Lying-in  Depart- 
ment of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  1838; 
resigned,  1849. 

Professor  Meigs's  literary  work  was 
very  great.  He  was  one  of  the  orig- 
inal editors  in  1826,  of  the  "  North  Amer- 


SoS 


ican  Medical  and  Surgicul  Journal  "  ;  he 
translated  and  published  Velpeau's  Ele- 
mentary Treatise  on  Midwifery,  Transla- 
tion of  Colombat  de  L'Isere's  Treatise  on 
the  Diseases  and  Special  Hygiene  of  Fe- 
males, (1S45)  ;  author  of  Woman,  her 
Diseases  and  Remedies,  Observations  on 
Certain  Diseases  of  Children,  (1850); 
Memoir  of  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Morton,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
(1851);  of  Dr.  Daniel  Drake,  (1853); 
Treatise  on  Acute  and  Chronic  Diseases 
of  the  Neck  of  the  Uterus,  on  Certain 
Diseases  of  Children,  etc. 

He  was  connected  with  a  very  large 
number  of  medical  organizations  ;  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences,  American  Phil- 
osophical Society,  College  of  Physicians, 
American  Medical  Association,  Society 
of  Swedish  Physicians,  1854. 

On  February  25,  1861,  he  delivered  his 
last  lecture  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege and  retired  from  further  active  du- 
ties of  his  profession. 

He  died  June  22,  1869,  aged  seventy- 
seven  years. 

Edward  Peace,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, February  10,  181 1.  He  was  gradua- 
ted by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1833,  and  was  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in 
1840  ;  resigned  1861. 

Dr.  Peace  vvas  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Medical  Society,  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  and  also  a  member  of 
the  Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society. 

He  died  September  9,  1S79,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years. 

William  Pepper,  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, January  21,  i8io,  received  his  Col- 
legiate education  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  and  was  graduated  with  the  first 
honors,  receiving  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
in  1828.  He  studied  medicine,  under 
Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  and  received 
the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1832,  from  tlie 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  During  this 
year  the  Asiatic  Cholera  made  its  appear- 
ance in  Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  Pepper 
volunteered  his  services  and  resided  in 
the  Cholera  Hospital  during  the  epidemic. 
He  subsequently  spent  two  years  in 
Paris,  devoting  himself  with  remarkable 
industry  and  ability  to  the  investigation 
of  disease.  The  friendships  then  formed 
with  some  of  the  ablest  men  of  the  French 
School,  and  especially  with  the  eminent 
Louis,  were  strong  and  lasting.  On  his 
return  to  Philadelphia,  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1834,  lie  immediately 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession and  with  such  conspicuous  success 
that  he  steadily  and  rapidly  rose  in  the 
estimation  of  the  profession  and  the 
public  until,  for  a  number  of  years  before 


his  death,  he  was  recognized  as  the  lead- 
ing consultant  in  the  community. 

He  was  Physician  to  the  Wills  Hospital, 
and  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  ;  with, 
the  latter  he  was  connected  for  twenty-six 
years  until  the  close  of  1858,  and  during, 
this  long  term  of  service  took  a  leading, 
share  in  the  clinical  teaching  for  which- 
that  institution  has  so  long  been  cele- 
brated. In  i860,  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine 
in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
had  delivered  only  four  annual  courses 
of  lectures  when  he  was  forced  by  ill- 
health  to  resign  this  position  in  the  spring, 
of  1S64. 

His  clinical  and  didactic  lectures  were 
models  of  clear,  forcible  and  practical 
teaching ;  and  he  was  especially  re- 
nowned for  his  diagnostic  skill  and  for 
his  judicious  and  successful  treatment  of 
disease. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Americair 
Philosophical  Society  and  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  and 
a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians. 

His  familiarity  with  medical  literature 
was  extensive  and  accurate  ;  but  although 
he  had  accumulated  an  enormous  num- 
ber of  records  of  important  cases,  the 
constant  claims  of  his  engrossing  practice 
prevented  him  from  contributing  very 
largely  to  medical  literature. 

He  married  Sarah,  a  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Piatt,  Esq.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Medical  Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospi- 
tal, 1842;  resigned,  1858. 

He  died  October  15,  1864,  aged  fifty- 
four  years. 

It  was  remarked  in  his  memoir  by 
Dr.  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride  that  "  The 
strong  feature  of  Dr.  Pepper's  medical 
character  was  the  possession  of  analytical 
acumen  and  decided  ideas  of  diagnosis. 


509 


riiis  lie  carried  into  liis  office  of  teacher. 
As  a  dklaclic  lecturer,  he  was  clear,  con- 
cise, and  complete.  Thirty  years  of 
active  practice  had  made  liiiii  familiar 
with  disease  ill  its  varied  fiirms,  and  had 
led  liini  t"i  reject  as  useless  that  which 
was  merely  speculative  in  medicine,  while 
it  enabled  him  to  speak  with  authority." 

WlLl-HM  Wool)  Gkkiiari)  was  horn 
July  23,  I.S<>9,  at  I'hil.idelphia. 

In  1823  he  entered  Dickinson  Cullege, 
Carlisle,  I'a..  and  graduated  A.  H.  in 
:Si6.  .\fter  complelinK  his  college  course 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia  ami  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  Joseph  Parrish.  Me  was  gr.adua- 
•  ted  in  Medicine  liv  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  spring  of  1832,  his 
thesis  being  "  Kndermic  Application  of 
Medicines.  He  was  attached  to  the 
Philadelphia  Hospital  as  Resident  Phy- 
sician for  some  lime  previous  to  his 
.  graduation. 

In  1S31.  he  visited  Paris  and  availed 
liiniself  of  the  teachings  of  Chomel, 
.\ndral,  and  of  Ixiiiis.  Me  made  investi- 
gations into  the  character  of  .Asiatic 
cholera,  smallpox,  tubercular  meningitis, 
piu'iimonia   in    the    young;  he    also   col- 

■  iected  a  portion  of  the  materials  for  his 
original  work  on  typhoid  and  typhus 
fevers,  which  lie  afterwards  completed 
by    establishing    the    specific    diflerence 

■  between  these  two  diseases. 

He  returned  to  Philadelphia  in  the  fall 
of  1833  and  was  elected  Resident  Phy- 
sician at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in 
1S34,  and  served  until  1836.  cluring  which 
time  he  made  a  special  stinly  of  typhoid 
fever  as  compared  with  the  same  disease 
of  Paris,  and  published  his  results 
establishing  the  fact  that  they  were 
identical. 

In  183,';,  he  was  appointed  Assistant 
Professor  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  ser- 
vices of  Dr.  Gerhard  were  so  highly 
valued  by  the  students  at  the  clinic  of 
the  Phil.adelphia  Hospital  during  the 
winter  of  is^o,  that  a  series  of  compli- 
mentary resolutions  were  formulated  and 
presented  to  him  expressive  of  their  ap- 
probation. In  1841,  the  system  of  Dis- 
pensary Clinics  was  adopted  by  the 
University,  and  established  and  con- 
ducteti  under  its  auspices  by  Drs.  fier- 
hard  and  Johnston,  in  the  building  of  the 
Medical  Institute  on  Locust  Street,  and 
there  continued  until  1843.  when  it  was 
transferred  10  the  University  Building. 

In  the  early  part  of  1837,  Dr.  Gerhard 
himself  suffered  from  an  acnte  attack  of 

■  typhoid  fever.  In  the  winter  of  1843-44, 
his  health  was  further  impaired  by 
another  attack  of  illness.  It  was  deemed 
advisable    for    him    to   make   a   trip   to 


Europe  in  the  summer  of  1844.  After 
several  months  absence  he  returned  much 
improved. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1845,  and 
resigned  in  186.H. 

In  i.\s"lie  married  Miss  Dobbyn,  the 
daughter  of  Major  William  A.  Dobbyn, 
formerly  of  the  British  army. 

He  w.as  the  author  of  various  papers 
in  the  "  American  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences,"  and  in  the  "  Medical  E.i£am- 
iiier,"  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  editors 
in  183S.  His  principal  work  was  the 
Diagnosis,  Pathology  and  Treatment  of 
the  Diseases  of  the  Chest,  1S42,  which 
first  appeared  as  a  short  treatise  on  the 
Diagnosis  of  Thoracic  Diseases,  1835, 
but  at  the  re<|Uest  of  many  of  his  pupils 
he  added  general  symptoms  and  treat- 
ment, with  additional  lectures  1846,  en- 
larged edition  in  |S6o.  revised,  with  chap- 
ters on  Spotted  Fever,  Cerebrospinal 
Meningitis,  1863.  In  1S35  6,  he  published 
.a  number  of  reports  on  cases  with  results 
of  observations  on  various  diseases  in 
reference  to  their  morbid  anatomy  ;  also 
an  essay  on  the  importance  of  clinical 
instruction:  ami  on  "Typhoid  Fever 
Kpidemic  in  Philadelphia  during  the 
Spring  and  .\utumn  of  1836."  Many  of 
his  contributions  to  Medical  Journals 
were  in  the  form  of  reports  of  clinical 
lectures. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
Medical  Society.  College  of  Physicians, 
.\cademy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Physician 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  President  of  the 
Pathological  Society,  and  a  member  of 
the  .American  Philosophical  Societ\'. 

Dr.  Gerhard  died  at  Philadelphia  April 
28,  1872,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Gkokc-.k  Fi)\.  the  grandson  of  Joseph 
Fox,  Speaker  of  the  Colonial  Assembly 
in  1765,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  8, 
1806.  In  the  autumn  of  1822  he  entered 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 
graduated  A    B.  in  1825. 

He  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania March.  1828.  He  was  soon  after- 
wards elected  Resident  Physician  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital.  During  the  first 
year  of  his  residence  in  the  Ilosjiital  he 
devised  an  apparatus  for  the  treatment 
of  fractures  of  the  clavicle.  Fox's  ap- 
paratus h.as  been  employed  during  more 
than  half  a  century,  is  still  used  in  and 
out  of  the  Hospital,  and  is  described  in 
most  text-books  on  surgery. 

His  contributions  to  medical  literature 
were  few  but  interesting. 

He  was  a  member  and  Vice-President 
of  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Society,  of 
the  College  of  Physicians,  Surgeon  to 
Wills    Hospital,     ^iember     Academy    01 


5'0 


Natural  Sciences,  Jleniber  American 
Medical  Association,  Vice-President  of 
thePhiladelpliia  County  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  Fox  was  theoriginator  of  the  enter- 
prise that  secured  to  the  College  of  Pliy- 
sicians  the  ground  for  erection  of  the 
buildings  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Thir- 
teenth and  Locust  Streets,  Philadelphia. 
While  he  had  able  coadjutors,  it  was  his 
tact  in  aflairs,  financial  sagacity,  pru- 
dence and  persistency  that  was  essential 
to  the  accom()Iishnient  of  the  project. 

In  1S4S.  he  was  elected  to  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and 
resigned  in  1854. 

He  retired  fr<jm  a  prosperous  profes- 
sional career  in  1854,  in  perfect  health 
and  removed  to  a  large  farm  at  Paoli. 
Chester  County,  Pa.,  where  after  a  resi- 
dence of  three  years,  he  removed  to  his 
place  on  the  Delaware  River,  above 
Torresdale,  where  he  passed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  e.vcept  an  annual 
winter  sojourn  in  the  city. 

He  died  December  27,  1SS2,  aged 
sev6nty-si.\-  years. 

Joseph  Carson,  bom  in  Philadelphia, 
April  19,  1S08,  was  of  Scottish  ancestry, 
and  his  early  education  was  received  at 
the  Gerniantow  n  .Academy.  At  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  he  received  in 
1825  the  degree  of  .^.  B.  ;  he  then  entered 
the  wholesale  drug  store  of  Dr.  Edward 
Lowber,  but  soon  withdrew ;  and  after 
devoting  a  few  years  to  botany,  he  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine,  as  a  pupil 
of  Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  and  was 
graduated  fr<jm  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1S30. 

He  was  at  once  elected  Resident  Physi- 
cian of  the   Pennsylvania  Hospital.     Be- 

■fore   entering   upon   private   practice  he 

made  a  voyage  to  the  East  Indies,  as 
Surgeon  of  the  ship  Georgiana.  and  vis- 
ited Madras  and  Calcutta.  He  returned 
to  Philadelphia  in  August,  1S32,  and  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession. 

In  the  thirty-third  year  of  his  age  he 
married  Mary  Goddard,  who  died  soon 
after  ;  later  he  married  Mary  Hollings- 
worth. 

After  the  first  ten  years,  his  practice 

■rapidly  increased,  and  he  gained  an  en- 
vied position  as  a  practitioner  of  obstet- 
rics. As  this  branch  of  his  profession 
involved  great  physical  labor  and  expo- 
sure, he  was  compelled  in  the  midst  of 
his  success  to  give  it  up.  In  1831  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Materia  Medica.  in 
the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy, 
and  held  the  position  until  1850 :  in  that 
year  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  which  he  held  until 
1876,   when  he   resigned   and   was   then 

■  made  Emeritus  Professor. 


He  was  elected  to  the  Obstetrical  Staff 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1849,  he 
held  this  position  until  1854,  when  this 
department  of  the  hospital  was  closed. 

Dr.  Carson  was  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Medical  Society,  Academy  Natu- 
ral Sciences;  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica 
and  Pharmacy  in  Medical  Institute  ;  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  American  Medical  Association, 
National  Convention  for  Revision  of  Phar- 
macopoeia, i860;  member  Quarantine 
Convention,  Cincinnati.  May,  1861  ; 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society, 
President,  1862. 

He  died  December 30,  1876,  aged  about 
sixty-eight  years. 

Dr.  Carson  was  a  voluminous  writer  ; 

he  was  editor  of  the   "Journal  of  Phar- 

•  macy."    from   October    1836   until    July, 

1850,  and  contributed  to  it  not  less  than 


seventy-si.\  original  papers  ;  while  con- 
nected with  the  same,  he  edited  with 
notes  and  additions,  two  editions  of 
"  Pereira's  Materia  Medica":  and  in 
1847  published  his  **  Illustrations  of  Med- 
ical Botany,"  in  two  quarto  volumes, 
many  of  the  illustrations  having  been 
drawn  and  colored  by  himself  Perhaps 
the  most  important  of  all  his  works  is  his 
admirable  History  of  the  Medical  r)c- 
partment  of  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, being  a  testimonial  of  his  regard, 
love,  and  loyalty  to  his  .■\lma  Mater. 

John  Neili,  was  descended  on  both 
sides  from  a  distinguished  medical  ances- 
try ;  he  was  born  Philadelphia,  July  9, 
1 8 19. 

At  an  early  age  he  entered  the  -■Acade- 
mical Department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  graduated  A.  B.  in 
1837  ;  he  then  entered  the  medical  depart- 
ment and  was  graduated  in  1840. 


He  made  a  voyage  to  the  Wesl  Indies, 
in  charge  of  a  patient,  and  to  recruit  liis 
own  impaireii  health  ;  on  his  relurii  to 
Philadelpliia  in  i;<42,  lie  hegan  the  prac- 
tice o(  his  profession,  and  private  instruc- 
tion of  medical  students. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Surgical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  1852,  resigned, 
iS>,sg. 

He  was  connected  professionally  or 
otherwise  with  a  very  large  number 
of  medical  institutions  :  Professor  of 
Surgery,  Pennsylvania  Medical  College, 
'!^54-59 ;  Contract  Surgeon  U.  S.  Army, 
1801-62  ;  Medical  Director,  Home  Guard  ; 
Surgeon  Volunteers,  1S62  ;  Medical  Direc- 
tor, 1863  ;  Post-Surgeon,  Philadelphia, 
1865-76;  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Hospital  ; 
Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery,  1874-75; 
and  subsequently  Kmeritus  Professor  • 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  addition  to  several  contributions  in 
the  transactions  of  the  colle.ge,  he  pub- 
lished in  "  Medical  Examiner,"  between 
the  years  1849-55,  twelve  valuable  arti- 
cles. To  the  "  American  Journal  of  Medi- 
cal Sciences,"  from  1S42-75,  he  contrib- 
uted seven  papers  ;  early  in  his  profes- 
sional career  he  published  three  little 
books  on  the  Veins,  .Arteries,  and  Nerves. 
He  compiled,  with  Dr.  P'rancis  niirney 
Smith,  a  Compendium  of  the  Medical 
Sciences;  and  just  before  his  fatal  illness 
he  projected  a  work  on  the  Principles  of 
Surgery,  but  passed  aw;iy  before  his 
notes  on  the  first  chapter  were  completed. 

He  died  January  11,  1880,  aged  sixty 
years. 


Joseph  Pancoast  was  born  in  Bur- 
lington County,  New  Jersey,  Novem- 
ber 23,  1805.  He  was  graduated  in 
Medicine  in  1828,  by  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  immediately  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Philadelphia. 


In  1S31,  having  decided  to  devote  him- 
self to  surgery,  he  commenced  to  teach 
practical  anatomy  and  surgery. 

In  1834  he  was  chosen  physician  to  the 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  and  soon  afler 
was  elected  I'hysicianin  Chief  to  the 
Children's  Hospital  in  the  same  Institu- 
tion, and  from  1838-45  was  one  of  the 
visiting  surgeons  to  the  same  hospital. 

In  1.S38  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Surgery  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
and  in  1841  was  transferred  to  the  Chair 
of  Anatomy,  which  he  resigned   in   1874. 

He  was  elected  to  the  medical  staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1854, 
and  resigned  in  1864. 

Dr.  I'anciiast  was  Surgeon  to  the 
Philadelphia  lluspital;  Fellow  of  College 
of  Physicians;  member  of  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  American  Medical 
Association,  and  American  Philosophical 
Society. 

Of  his  publications  we  note,  in  1831,  a 
translation  from  the  Latin,  a  Treatise  on 
the  Structure,  Functions  and  Diseases  of 
the  Human  Sympathetic  Nerve,  by 
J.  F'rederick  Lobstein,  to  which  he  added 
notes  ;  in  1S44,  a  Treatise  on  operative 
Surgery  which  he  revised  and  enlarged 
in  1852.  In  1844  he  remodelled  the 
work  originally  written  by  Dr.  Caspar 
Wistar,  to  which  Professor  William  K.  Hor- 
nor  made  valuable  additions,  entitled  "A 
System  of  Anatomy  for  the  Use  of  Stu- 
dents." He  edited  at  various  times, 
Laennec  on  the  Great  Sympathetic 
Nerve  ;  the  Cerebro-Spinal  System  in 
Man,  and  Quain's  Anatomical  Plates.  He 
also  contributed  numerous  articles  and 
clinical  lectures  to  the  American  Journal 
of  the  Medical  Sciences,  American  Medi- 
cal Intelligencer,  Medical  F,.\aminer, 
besides  publishing  monographs  on  patho- 
logical   and  surgical  subjects. 

He  died  March  6,  1882,  aged  seventy- 
si.N  years. 

James  Jones  Levick  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  July  28,  1824,  attended 
school  at  Haverford,  and  studied  medi- 
cine with  Prof.  George  B.  Wood.  He  was 
graduated  by  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1847.  He  served  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital  as  a  Resident  Physician 
and  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  in 
1S56,  and  resigned  in  1868. 

He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  and  for  forty-one  years 
physician  to  the  Magdalen  Asylum  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Historical  Society,  Pa.  ; 
the  American  Medical  Association  :  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia ;  the  Historical  Society  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  the  Philadelphia  County 
Medical  Society.  In  1884  he  received  an 
Honorary  Degree  of  A.  M.  from  Haver- 
ford College. 


5«2 


He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
journals  and  his  able  papers  on  medical 
subjects  commanded  attention  in  this 
country,  as  well  as  abroad.  He  wrote,  in 
1861,  a  most  valuable  and  important 
paper  on  "  Epidemic  Influenza  and  Its 
Treatment."  Dr.  Levick  was  an  au- 
thority on  historical  subjects,  especially 
on  the  early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  the  author  of  a  paper  on  the  early 
physicians  of  Philadelphia,  prepared  by 
request  of  the  Association  of  the  Ex- 
Resident  Physicians  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  and  read  by  him  at  the  first 
meeting  of  that  Association. 

He  was  early  identified  with  the  Welsh 
Society  and  became  one  of  its  most 
prominent  members,  as  his  grandfather 
liad  been.  His  last  literary  work,  read 
before  the  Historical  Society,  was  on 
"  The  Early  Welsh  Quakers,  and  Their 
Emigration  to  Pennsylvania." 

As  a  teacher  of  medical  students,  in 
the  amphitheatre,  and  at  the  bedside  of 
the  patient,  he  was  unsurpassed.  His 
delivery  was  clear,  concise,  and  thorough, 
in  consequence  of  which  he  was  a  suc- 
cessful   "Quiz"   Master. 

The  Welsh  mottoes  which  adorn  the 
Bryn  Mawr  Hotel,  Pa.,  were  devised  by 
Dr.  Levick,  who  spent  part  of  two  sum- 
mers in  Wales,  going  over  the  country, 
freshening  old  memories,  and  securing 
historical  data.  He  was  a  most  prudent, 
safe,  and  conservative  physician,  and 
was  constantly  sought  in  consultation  by 
his  fellow  practioners  He  was  a  man  of 
excellent  literary  attainment  and  con- 
siderable poetical  taste.  In  disposition, 
he  was  social,  was  a  good  entertainer. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  6f 
Friends,  in  which  he  had  a  birthright. 

He  died  on  June  25,  1S93,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years. 


gave  a  course  of  lectures  on  Obstetrics 
in  the  Philadelphia  .Association  for  Medi- 
cal Instruction.  Subsequently  he  lec- 
tured upon  (ither  lopics  during  the  time 
he  was  connected  with  this  organization. 

He  was  married  October  17,  1844,  to 
.\nn  Wilcocks  Ingersoll. 

In  1858,  he  published  his  book  on 
Diseases  of  Children,  which  passed 
through  three  editions.  In  1869.  he 
associated  with  himself.  Dr.  William 
Pepper  for  the  fourth  edition,  changing 
its  title  to  "Meigs  and  Pepper  on 
Diseases  of  Children." 

He  contributed  a  number  ol  articles  to 
various  medical  journals  and,  by  invita- 
tion of  the  Managers,  compiled  a  history 
of  the  first  quarter  of  the  second  century 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1859,  re- 
signed 1881. 


John  Forsyth  Meigs  was  born  in 
Pniladelphia,  October  3,  1818.  His  early 
education  was  at  the  school  of  Dr.  Craw- 
ford. At  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  began  the 
study  of  medicine  and,  after  four  years 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  he 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine, in  1838,  when  not  yet  twenty  years 
of  age. 

He  was  at  once  elected  a  resident 
physician  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
and  served  a  period  of  two  years.  After 
completing  his  hospital  term,  he  in  April, 
1840,  sailed  for  Europe,  visiting  Italy, 
Switzerland,  France,  Belgium,  England, 
going  east  as  far  as  Warsaw  and  Vienna, 
and  south  to  Naples.  While  in  Paris,  he 
attended  the  lectures  of  Velpeau,  Louis, 
and  other  eminent  French  physicians. 

In  August,  1841,  he  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia and  commenced  the  practice  of 
his  profession.     In  the  spring  of  1843,  he 


Besides  his  course  on  Obstetrics,  he 
lectured  on  Practice  of  Medicine,  and  on 
Diseases  of  Children,  in  the  Philadelphia 
Association  for  Medical  Instruction.  He 
was  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians, 
Philadelphia  ;  a  member  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences ;  American  Philo- 
sophical Society,  Philadelphia  County 
Medical  Society,  etc. 

He  died  December  16,  1882,  aged 
sixty-four  years. 

Edward  H.\rtshorne,  the  second 
son  of  Dr.  Joseph  Hartshorne,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  May  14,  iSiS.  He 
received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1837, 
from  Princeton,  N.  J.,  and  of  A.  M.,  in 
1S40  ;  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
in  Medicine  from  the  Ihiiversity  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1840. 

After  graduating,  he  was  First  Assist- 
ant Physician  in  the  Insane  Department 


513 


of  the  Pt-nnsylvaiiia  Huspital.  He  next 
served  for  two  years,  (1841-4;!),  as  resi- 
dent physician  i>f  the  general  department 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital;  he  was 
also  for  a  short  period  at  the  Friend's 
Asylum    for    the    Insane   at    Krankford, 


near  Philadelphia.  In  184,5,  he  was 
elected  the  first  resident  physician  of  the 
Eastern  Penitentiary,  at  Philadelphia, 
and  in  his  annual  reports,  gave  special 
attention  to  the  elTects  of  separate  con- 
finement upon  the  mental  as  well  as 
physical  condition  of  the  convicts,  clearly 
showinii  the  entire  absence  of  evidence 
that  this  system  was  the  cause  of  disease 
or  impairment  of  general  health.  A 
second  edition  of  this  report,  published 
by  the  Inspectors  in  1845,  was  largely 
circulated  in  I-^ngland,  and  translated 
and  published  in  France,  Germany. 
Belgium,  and  Holland. 

Dr.  Hartsliorne,  in  1844,  went  to  Europe 
and  spent  two  years  in  studies  and 
observations  at  the  large  hospitals  of  the 
continent,  and,  on  his  return  lu>me,  he 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

In  1850,  he  married  Adelia  C.  Pearse, 
formerly  of  Boston. 

He  w.is  elected  to  the  Surgical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  1S59,  resigned 
1865.  He  was  editor  for  one  year  of  the 
Journal  of  Prison  Discipline,  Philadel- 
phia. Articles  and  reviews  were  con- 
tributed by  him  10  the  Medical  E.xamincr, 
Philadelphia;  American  Journal  of  the 
Medical  Sciences  ( 1850-1S70) ;  and  to  the 
North  .\nerican  Medico-Chirurgical  Re- 
view. He  also  wrote  an  extended  notice 
of  Wharton  and  Stillf's  Treatise  on 
Medical  Jurisprudence.  He  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  on  Medical  Juris- 
prudence, in  connection  with  an  -Associa- 
tion of  medical  gentlemen,  all  of  whom 
obtained  subsequent  distinction  as  pub- 


lic instructors.  In  iSsj,  he  edited,  with 
notes  and  additions,  the  American 
Edition  of  Taylor's  Medical  Juris- 
prudence. 

During  the  civil  war  he  was  on  duly 
as  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  in  the  field, 
after  the  battle  of  Antietani,  and  for  one 
or  two  years,  as  attending  or  consulting 
surgeon,  to  the  McClellan,  Nicetown  and 
other  .Army  Hospitals  in  or  near  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  actively  engaged  in  the 
organization  of  the  Philadelphia  branch  of 
the  I'nited  States  Sanitary  Commission, 
during  the  war,  being  Secretary  of  its 
Executive  Committee.  He  was  Secre- 
tary of  the  First  National  Quarantine 
and  .Sanitary  Convention,  which  met  in 
Philadelphia  a  few  years  before  the  war. 
He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  a  member  of  the  .\cademy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  of  the  .American  Medi- 
cal Association,  .American  Philosophical 
Society,  Philadelphia  County  Medical 
Society,  Historical  Society  ol  Penn- 
sylvania and  others. 

He  died  June  22,  188s,  aged  sixty- 
seven  years. 

Francis  Girnkv  Smith  was  born 
March  8,  1818.  Both  his  classical  and 
his  medical  education  were  received  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
graduated  A.  B.  in  is.57,  and  commenced 
his  medical  studies  under  his  brother, 
Dr  Thomas  M.  K.  Smith,  of  Hrandywine, 
near  Wilmington,  Del.  In  the  spring  of 
1840,  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine. 


In  1 84 1,  he  was  elected  Assistant  Phy- 
sician at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  De- 
partment for  Insane  ;  but  resigned  after 
nine  months'  service  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  as  an  assistant 
to  his  preceptor  and  brother.  Dr.  Thomas 
M.  K.  Smith. 


SM 


On  his  return  to  Philadelphia,  in  i.'<42, 
lie  devoted  himself  principally  to  the 
practice  of  obstetrics  and  diseases 
peculiar  to  women.  The  same  year  he 
was  chosen  Lecturer  on  Physiology  by 
the  Philadelphia  Association  for  Medical 
Instruction,  and  he  then  applied  himself  to 
lecturing  and  quizzing.  His  private  class 
numbered    over   one    hundred   students. 

In  1S44  he  married  Catharine  M.  Dutilh, 
of  Philadelphia. 

He  was  elected  Pr<jfessorof  Physiology 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College 
i"<52,  this  position,  which  greatly  con- 
tributed to  his  own  rt-putation  and  also  to 
that  of  the  institution,  he  held  until  1863. 
While  occupying  this  position  he,  in  1853, 
assisted  by  Prof.  R.  E.  Rogers,  made  an 
elaborate  series  of  experiments  on  the 
celebrated  Canadian,  .\lexis  St.  Martin, 
which  was  published  under  the  title  of 
"  The  Physiology  of  Digestion,"  wherein 
he  maintained  that  lactic  acid  was  the 
principal  acid  of  the  gastric  juice  in  man. 
In  .\pril,  i.'-56,  he  delivered,  by  request,  an 
address  before  the  Linnean  Association  of 
Gettysburg,  which  was  the  origin  of  his 
celebrated  lecture  on  "  Life  and  Death." 
In  1863,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  the 
Institutes  of  Medicine,  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  succeeding  Dr.  Samuel 
Jackson. 

On  December  16,  1861,  Dr.  Smith  was 
appointed  Chairman  of  a  sub-committee 
with  Professor  Frazier,  judge  Hare  and 
Dr.  J.  H.  B.  McClellan  to  visit  the  sev- 
eral camps  near  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
and  the  military  hospitals  in  operation. 
He  was  an  associate  member  of  the 
United  States  Sanitary  Commission  and 
Medical  Director  of  Christian  Street 
United  States  Ar'iiv  Hospital. 

Dr.  Smith  founded  and  established  the 
first  Physiological  Laboratory  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1S75;  he 
was  also  the  first  to  introduce  hypodermic 
medication  into  Philadelphia,  while  on 
service  in  the  Hospital. 

He  contributed  a  number  of  articles 
and  translations  to  medical  literature. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1S59,  re- 
signed 1864. 

Dr.  Smith  was  a  member  of  the  Phila- 
delphia .Medical  Society,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
State  Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania, 
.\merican  Medical  Association,  American 
Philosophical  Society,  Professor  of  Phy- 
siology, Pennsylvania  Medical  College, 
1852-62  ;  Physician  to  the  Episcopal  Hos- 
pital, 1857-65  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
United  States  Army,  1S62-65  ;  Physician 
to  Philadelphia  Orphan  Asylum  1863 ; 
and  also  Physician  St.  Joseph's  Hospital. 

He  died  April  6,  187S,  aged  sixty 
years. 


Adijinki.i,  Hehsox  was  descended 
from  eminently  medical  ancestry,  being 
the  fourth  in  descent  from  a  prominent 
London  surgeon.  He  was  the  son  of 
Professor  Thomas  T.  Hewson,  who 
served  on  the  Medical  Staff  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Hospital  from  iSiS-35  Addinell 
Hewson  was  born  in  Philadelphia, Novem- 
ber 22,  1S28,  and  was  educated  at  the 
.Academic  Department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1S4S. 

He  at  once  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  as  a  pupil  of  Professor  Joseph 
Pancoast  He  was  graduated  in  1850 
by  the  Jefferson  Medical  College. 

As  surgeon  of  a  sailing  vessel,  he  visited 
Europe  and  became  a  student  of  Sir 
William  Wilde,  at  St.  Mark's  Hospital  ; 
he  also  attended  lectures  at  the  Rotunda 
Hospital,   Dublin. 

He  returned  to  Philadelphia  in  1S51 
and  served  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital 
as  Resident  Physician  from  1851  to  1852. 
He  then  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession. 

On  November  22,  1854,  he  married 
Rachel  Macomb,  daughter  of  William 
Wetherill,  M.  D.,  of  Philadelphia. 

He  was  elected  to  the  .Medical  Staff  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1861,  re- 
signed 1877. 

Dr.  Hewson  was  a  .Member  of  the 
.Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Fellow 
College  of  Physicians,  Surgeon  to  the 
Episcopal  Hospital,  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society, 
American  Medical  Association,  1855  ; 
Pathological  Society,  Philadelphia,  1857  ; 
Surgeon  to  St.  George's  Society,  Surgeon 
to  Wills  Eye  Hospital. 

He  also  lectured  in  1855,  and  for  several 
successive  years,  on  surgery,  in  the  sum- 
mer school  of  Jefferson  Medical  College. 
At  the  organization  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  of  Surgery  in  the  office  of  the 
late  Prof.  S.  D.  Gross,  on  April  21.  1879, 
Dr.  Hewson  acted  as  Chairman  of  its  first 
meeting. 

He  early  adopted  the  administration 
of  electricity  in  the  forms  of  primary  and 
secondary  current,  with  favorable  results, 
in  the  employment  of  Hackley's  chain 
for  granular  conjunctivitis  in  1854.  He 
invented  a  torsion  forceps,  and  in  1865 
he  amputated  the  thigh  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  using  torsion  instead  of 
ligatures.  In  1S67  he  began  the  use  of 
the  antiseptic  earth  treatment  for  wounds, 
contusions,  chronic  and  acute  inflamma- 
tions, tumors,  and  generally  for  surgical 
dressings.  In  1S66  he  added  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas  to  his  earth  treatment  for 
tumors  and  inflammations. 

He  wrote  a  large  number  of  papers  as 
contributions  to  the  various  medical  jour- 
nals, etc.     He  edited,  in  iS53,at  request 


515 


of  thf  aiitliur,  Sir  Win.  WiUlf's  work  on 
Aural  Svir^;ery.  DuriiiK  a  visit  to  London, 
Sir  William  Lawrent't-  presented  him  with 
an  old  ciiKravinK,  in  which  is  a  likeness 
of  William  llewsun.  as  one  of  a  group  of 
students  around  John  Hunter.  He  also 
edited  Mncken/ie's  treatise  on  Diseases 
of  the  Eye.  in  1855, 

He  died  September  1 1,  1889,  aged  sixty 
years. 


Q 


William  Ht;.NT  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, September  26,  1S25.  fie  receive<l 
his  education  at  a  Friends  School.  In 
1846  he  commenced  the  study  of  Medi- 
cine, in  the  office  of  the  late  Dr.  George  B. 
Wood,  and  was  Kradualed  by  the  Univer- 
sity of  I'ennsylvaniain  1.S49  Shortly  after- 
wards (in  1.^50)  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Resident  Physicians  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  which  position  he  occu- 
pied for  two  years.  In  1854,  he  was 
appointed  by  the  late  Prof.  Joseph  Leidy, 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  which  position 
he  held  for  ten  years. 

In  1S56.  Dr.  Hunt  was  appointed  Sur 
geon  to  the  Episco(>al  H<jspital.  in  which 
capacity  he  served  for  more  than  twelve 
years.  He  was  elected  one  of  the  sur- 
geons to  the  Hospital  in  1.863,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  service  of  the  institution 
until  L^9.s.  when  he  resigned,  having  coni- 
pletetl  a  service  of  over  thirty  years.  He 
also  served  as  \'isiting  Surgeon  to  the 
Wills  Hospital  and  the  Orthopaedic  Hos- 
pil.il. 

During  the  civil  war,  he  was  appointed 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  United 
States  Army,  and  on  several  occasions  was 
ordered  to  the  front  for  active  field  duty, 
but  his  principal  service  was  in  the  Mili- 
tary Hospitals  in  and  about  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Hunt  is  a  Trustee  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  ;  a  Fellow  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  ;  a  member  of  the  County 
Medical  Society  :  and  Academy  of  Nat- 
ural Sciences  ;  e.\-President  of  the  Phila- 


delphia Academy  of  Surgery,  Honor- 
ary Fellow  of  the  American  Surgical 
Association.  For  many  years  he  was 
one  of  the  associate  editors  of  the 
"  Annual  of  the  Medical  Scii-nces  "  and 
has  written  numerous  monographs  on 
various  medical  subjects. 

Thomas  C;.  Morton  w:is  appointed 
Resident  Physician  in  L'^.s?.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Surgical  Staff,  in  1864,  and 
continues  in  office. 

Jacoii  M.  Dacosta  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Attending  Physicians  in  1865  and 
continues  in  office. 

David  Havks  Aii.NKW,  the  son  of  Dr. 
Robert  Agnew,  was  born  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pa..  November  24.  1818.  His 
early  eclucation  was  received  at  Moscow 
Academy  and  at  Jefferson  College,  Can- 
nonsburg.  and  conipletetl  at  Newark 
College,  Delaware. 

In  1838,  he  was  graduate<l  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  coun- 
try. He  was  subsequently  induced  to  re- 
liiHjuish  his  jirofession  and  enter  the  iron 
business  which  proved  unsuccessful.  He 
returned  to  Philadelphia,  in  1853,  and  be- 
gan teaching  anatomy  in  the  Philadelphia 
.ScIkxjI  of  .-Vnatomy.  on  College  .-X venue  ; 
he  established  about  two  years  later  the 
Philadelphia  School  of  Operative  Sur- 
gery. 


He  w.as  elected,  in  1854,  Surgeon  to  the 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  Blockley,  where, 
in  addition  to  his  professional  services,  he 
founded  the  Pathological  Museum,  and, 
with  Dr.  John  L.  Ludlow,  was  successful 
in  preserving  for  public  teaching,  the 
valuable  material  found  within  its  walls. 

In  1863,  he  was  chosen  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy   and    Assistant    Lecturer  of 


516 


Clinical  Surgery  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  the  same  year,  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  two  Consulting  Sur- 
geons, U.  S.  A.  to  the  Mower  Hospital,  at 
Chestnut  Hill.  In  1864,  was  elected  Sur- 
geon to  Wills  Hospital,  and  in  1876, 
Surgeon  to  Orthopedic  Hospital. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Staff  of 
the  Hospital  in  1865;  resigned,  18-1  ;  and   ' 
re-elected    May   7,    1877,    and    resigned 
April  17,  1884. 

In  1870,  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Operative  Surgery  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  in  1871,  was  the  John 
Rhea  Barton,  Professor  of  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Surgery,  which  he  heid  until 
i8Sg.  He  then,  on  account  of  his  health, 
resigned  all  public  positions  and  was 
elected  Emeritus  Professor  to  the  Univer- 
sity, and  Honorary  Professor  to  the  Uni- 
versity Hospital.  In  1874,  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery  in  the  Uni- 
versity Hospital ;  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
was  conferred  upon  hira  in  1S76  by  the 
College  of  New  Jersey. 

In  1841,  he  married  Margaret  C.  Irwin. 
Dr.  Agnew  was  a  Fellow  of  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  its  President  in  1890; 
member  .American  Philosophical  Society 
(1872);  President  of  the  County  Medical 
Society,  President  Philadelphia  Academy 
ot  Surgery,  and  of  American  Surgical 
Association  (188S):  Consulting  Surgeon, 
Orthrp;tdic  Hosijital ;  and  to  the  Ger- 
mantown  Hospital. 

He  was  elected  Honorary  Surgeon  to 
the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  Philadelphia, 
1891,  being  the  only  one  on  whom  this 
title  has  been  conferred. 

.Although  not  a  voluminous  writer,  yet 
in  the  last  decade,  he  published  one  hun- 
dred journal  articles.  In  1856,  he  issued 
"Practical  .Anatomy for  Dissectors,"  also 
his  Classical  Monographs  on  "  Laceration 
of  the  Female  Perineum,"  and  on  "  \'es- 
ico-Vaginal  Fistula."  As  an  author  his 
fame  rests  principally  upon  large  syste- 
matic work  in  two  volumes,  the  "  Princi- 
ples and  Practice  cf  Surgery." 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Surgical  Club, 
and  other  social  organizations. 

He  died  March  22,  1892,  in  his  74th  year. 

James  H.  Hutchinson,  was  the 
grandson  of  Dr.  James  Hutchinson.  He 
was  born  August  3.  1S34,  at  Cinta,  near 
Lisbon,  Portugal,  where  his  father  at 
that  time  was  engaged  in  business.  His 
parents  returned  to  Philadelphia  while 
he  was  yet  in  early  childhood.  He  at- 
tended a  private  school  in  New  Haven 
for  four  years,  and  then  entered  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1854.  Then 
he  re-visited  Europe.  He  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  in  1855,  and  commenced  his 
medical  studies,  receivmg  the  degree  of 


Doctor  of  Medicine  from  the  University 
in  1858.  He  was  elected  Resident  Phy- 
sician in  1S58. 

On  the  completion  of  his  hospital  ser- 
vice, he  again  visited  Europe,  remain- 
ing two  years  in  the  Hospitals  of  Paris 
and  Vienna.  On  his  return  to  Philadel- 
phia, in  the  autumn  of  1861,  he  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine.  In 
1862,  he  became  physician  to  the  Child- 
ren's Hospital,  which  appointment  he 
held  until  his  death.  He  was  also  at  this 
time  (1862-65)  acting  Assistant  Surgeon 
of  U.  S.  A.,  serving  at  the  Satterlee 
General  Hospital  in  West  Philadelphia. 

In  1862  he  married   Anna,  daughter  of 

Charles  Ingersoll,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia. 

He  was  elected  to  the  Medical  Stafl"  of 

the  Hospital  in   1868,  which  position  he 

held  until  his  decease,  1889. 

Dr.  Hutchinson  was  President  of  the 
Pathological  Society,  Physician  to  Epis- 
copal Hospital,  Vice-President  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians,  also  member  of  the 
American  Sledical  Association,  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  and  the  Anterican 
Philosophical  Society. 

He  edited  two  American  editions  of 
Bristowe's  "Practice  of  Medicine"; 
and  contributed  elaborate  articles,  which 
are  still  regarded  as  classical,  on 
typhoid,  typhus  and  simple  continued 
fevers,  to  the  "System  of  .Medicine," 
edited  by  Drs.  Pepper  and  Starr  He 
was  a  contributor  to  the  Transactions  of 
College  of  Physicians,  of  the  Asso- 
ciation of  American  Physicians,  of  the 
Philadelphia  Pathological  Society  and  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Reports,  and 
the  American  Journal  of  the  Medical 
Sciences.  He  was  for  two  years  editor  of 
the  "  Philadelphia  Medical  Times." 

Dr.  Hutchinson  died  December  26, 
1889,  aged  fifty-five  )-ears. 

James  Aitken  Mek^s  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  July  31,  1829.  ot  English 
and  Scotch  ancestrv',  on  his  father's,  and 
of  Scotch  and  German  ancestry  upon  his 
mother's,  side.  His  early  education  was 
obtained  at  public  schools  and  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  184S,  from  the 
Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia. 

In  April,  1S4S,  he  commenced  his  medi- 
cal studies  and  in  October  matriculated 
at  Jefferson  College,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1S51. 

He  was  for  many  years  assistant  to 
Dr.  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  while  Pro- 
fessor of  Physiology  in  the  Pennsylvania 
College,  and  engaged  in  the  preparation 
of  students  forgraduaticin.  In  September, 
1S54,  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Clima- 
tology and  Physiology  in  the  Franklin 
Institute,  and  continued  in  this  position 
eight  years.  In  iS.'^s,  he  was  elected  one 
of  the  physicians  to  the  Howard  Hospital 


517 


niid  sti  ved  as  such  for  tliirlceii  years.  In 
1857,  he  was  made  Professor  of  the  Iiisti- 
tiiles  of  Medicine,  I'liiladelphia  Medical 
College,  and  continued  as  such  until 
April  i85(),  when  he  was  transferred  to 
same  chair  in  the.  now  defunct,  Pennsyl- 
vania CoUeRe.     In  iSt;o.  he  was  physician 


and  clinical  lecturer  at  Philadelphia  Hos- 
pital, Blockley.  In  1866,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  lecture  in  the  spring  course  of 
lectures  at  Jeflerson  Medical  Collejje  and, 
in  June  1868.  on  the  resinnation  of  Dr. 
Dun;;lison,  hewaselected  Professor  of  the 
Inslilules  of  .Medicine  and  Medical  Juris- 
prudence, in  the  same  institution. 

Hewaselected  in  186s  to  the  Medical 
Stall,  and  continued  in  the  position  until 
his  death,  in  1879. 

He  was  President  (1871 )  of  theCounty 
Medical  Society,  and  Secretary  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  He  was  a 
Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  of  tht 
American  Medical  .Association  ;  and  als" 
of  a  nninher  of  foreign  scientific  societies. 

When  a  student  of  medicine  and  after 
graduation,  he  contributed  to  the  Medi- 
cal Examiner,  clinical  reports  from  Jef- 
ferson Medical  College  and  from  the 
clinical  service  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  and  discussions  of  the  County 
Medical  Society  and  papers  on  mor- 
tuary statistics  of  Phil.adelphia.  In 
1855'  in  Journal  of  Franklin  Institute,  he 
published  an  article  on  the  physiology  of 
stammering  and  its  treatment  by  me- 
chanical means.  In  1856,  he  prepared 
the  first  American  edition  of  Carpenter's 
work  upon  the  microscope.  In  1857, 
he  edited  an  edition  of  Kirke's  Manual  of 
Physiology.  He  published  a  pajier  on 
"Hints  to  Craniographers  upon  the  Im- 
portance and  Feasibility  of  Kstablishing 
some  Uniform  System  by  which  the  Col- 


lection and  Promulgation  of  CranioloKical 
Statistics,  and  the  E.vchaiige  of  Dupli- 
cate Crania,  may  be  Promoted"  ;  also  a 
paper  on  '•  Correlation  of  the  \'ital  and 
Physical  Forces." 

On  December  18,  1855,  he  prepared  a  de- 
scriptive catalogue  of  the  Human  Crania, 
which  formed  the  "Samuel  G.  Morton 
Collection  "  at  the  .Xcademy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Phil.adelpliia.  In  the  journal  of 
the  "Academy,"  1.S55,  is  a  paper  by  himoii 
the  "  Relation  of  Atomic  Heat  to  Crystal- 
line Forms."  In  1859,  he  presented  a  paper 
on  the  "  Description  of  a  Deformed  Frag- 
mentary Skull  foLMid  in  an  ancient 
(Juarry  Cave  at  Jerusalem,  with  an  at- 
tempt to  determine  by  its  configuration 
alone,  the  Klhnical  Type  to  which  it  be- 
longs," which  was  published,  as  were  his 
"Observations  \ipon  the  Form  of  the  Oc- 
ciput of  the  Various  Races  of  .Men."  His 
paper  on  Observation  U|ion  the  Cranial 
Forms  of  the  .American  .Aborigines,  based 
U|>on  Specimens  Contained  in  the  Morton 
Collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  was  also  pub- 
lished in  the  Proceediiigsof  the  Academy. 
He  also  contributed  a  valuable  paper 
upon  the  same  topic  to  Nolt  it  Gliddon's, 
"  Types  of  Mankind."  He  delivered  the 
address  on  laying  the  corner-stone  of  the 
new  edifice  of  tlie  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  Philadelphia,  October  30.  1862. 

He  died  November  9,  1879,  aged  fifty 
ve.irs. 


RiciiAKii  J.  Lkvis,  the  son  of  Dr. 
Mahlon  M.  Levis,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, June  28,  1827. 

Dr.  Levis  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Phila- 
delphia and  graduated  from  the  Central 
High  School.  Philadelphia,  and  from  the 
Jeflerson  Medical  College  (in  1848). 
Shortly  after  this  he  served  as  Surgeon 
to  one  of  the  vessels  belonging  to  Cope's 


;is 


Packet  Line.  He  then  established  him- 
self in  practice  in  Philadelphia,  and  soon 
became  known  for  his  proficiency  in 
ophthalmic  and  general  surgery. 

In  18,59,  ^^  "'^s  elected  Surgeon  to  the 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  Bleckley,  which 
position  he  held  until  elected,  in  187 1,  Sur- 
geon to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in 
which  he  served  until  1SS7.  He  was  also 
Attending  Surgcun  to  Wills  Hospital, 
and  was  elected  Emeritus  Surgeon  on 
his  resignation  at  the  end  of  twelve 
years'  active  service  in  that  institution. 
During  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he  was 
acting  .Assistant  Surgeon  to  two  United 
States  Military  Hospitals  in  Philadel- 
phia. He  was  Clinical  Lecturer  on 
Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Surgery  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  for  many  years. 

When  the  Jefferson  Hospital  was 
opened  he  was  elected  Attending  Surgeon 
and  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Surgery.  For 
many  years,  and  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  he  was  Consulting  Surgeon  to  the 
Jewish  Hospital  of  Philadelphia.  When 
the  Philadelphia  Polyclinic  and  College 
for  Graduates  in  Medicine  was  organized. 
Dr.  Levis  was  prominent  in  establishing 
it  and  was  one  of  the  original  members  of 
the  Faculty,  being  Professor  of  Clinical 
and  Operative  Surgery.  He  was  also 
first  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

In  1885  and  i8-S6,  he  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Philadelphia  County  Medical 
Society  and  in  188S  President  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The  library  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital contains  a  number  of  bound  vol- 
umes of  manuscript  reports  of  his  clinics, 
which  were  prepared  by  students  wlio 
were  awarded  the  annual  prize,  which 
for  many  years  Dr.  Levis  offered  for  the 
best  report  of  this  branch  of  his  hospital 
work. 

His  investigations  of  fracture  of  the 
patella  and  of  a  fracture   at   the   lower 


end  of  the  radius,  were  made  during 
his  connection  with  this  Hospital.  His 
modification  of  operative  procedures 
and  of  surgical  instruments,  which 
always  had  the  merit  of  simplicity,  were 
quite  numerous  and  showed  much  origi- 
nality and  skill. 

His  presidential  addresses  before  the 
State  Medical  Society  in  1888  on  "  Tra- 
ditional Errors  in  Surgery  "  showed  his 
dislike  for  routine  practice. 

Dr.  Levis  retired  from  active  practice 
in  1886  and  resided  at  "  Cedarcroft," 
Kennet  Square,  Pennsvlvania.  where  he 
died,  November  12,  i8go. 

Arthir  V.  Meigs  was  appointed  Resi- 
dent Physician  in  1872  and  one  of  the 
.Attending  Physicians,  in  1882,  and  con- 
tinues in  office. 

John  H.  Pack.^rd  was  appointed  Resi- 
dent Physician  in  1855  and  one  of  the 
.Attending  Surgeons,  in  1884,  and  con- 
tinues in  office. 

John'  Ashhurst,  Jr.,  was  appointed 
Resident  Physician  in  1861  and  was 
elected  one  of  the  Attending  Surgeons, 
in  1887,  and  continues  in  office. 

Morris  Longstrf.th  was  appointed 
Resident  Phvsician  in  1870  and  one  of  the 
Attending  Physicians,  in  1879,  and  con- 
tinues in  office. 

Morris  J.  Lewis  was  appointed  Resi- 
dent Physician  in  1S74  and  one  of  the 
Attending  Physicians,  in  i8qo,  and  con- 
tinues in  office. 

RiCH.\RD  H.  H.\rte  was  appointed  a 
Resident  Physician,  in  18S0,  and  one  of 
the  Attending  Surgeons,  in  1893.  and 
continues  in  office. 


;'9 


MEDICAL  APPRENTICES   AND   RESIDENT   PHYSICIANS 

The  first  Medical  Aiiprt-iitice  coinmciici'il  his  term  of  service  in  the  llospital  in 
177J.     Apprentices  <ir  Slutlenls  of  Medicine  were  reK"larly  indentured  to  the 
,  Managers  of  the  Hospital  for  a  term  of  five  years  and  usually  graduated  in 

Medicine  before  completing;  their  indentured  term  of  service.  In  the  year 
1824,  the  Managers  adopteil  the  rule  to  elect  only  grachiates  in  Medicine  as 
Resident  Physicians. 

Those  marked  •  are  deceased. 


94 
140 
»S 

6S 

=3* 

150 

i8» 

>5* 

129 
•7* 
12' 

■S8 

118 

162 


101 
149 

27' 
177 

20* 

25* 


J24 
4" 
II 

"I* 

67 
•37 
164 
126 

6, 

14S 
90* 


Alison,  Robert  H. 
Andrews,  Thomas  I 
Artis,  Leopold  L. 
Ashliursi.John, Jr.  . 


Bache,  Thoni.is  Hewson 
Balfour,  George  .... 
Barber,  Amos  VV.  .  .  . 
Barton,  John  Rhea  .    . 

.  C 


Barton,  William  V. 
Bauni,  Charles  .  .  .  . 
Kensoti,  Theodore  .  . 
Bettoii,  Samuel  .... 
Bower.  Collier  L  .  . 
Bradford.  T.  Hewson 
Bradfuie,  C.  S.  .   .   . 

Bray,  Daniel 

Bryant,  Thomas    . 


Chapman,  Henry  C    . 
Chrvslce,  Waller  .  . 
Clarice,  Robert  J 
Claytoi,  Thomas  Ash 
Coates,  Benjamin  H    . 


Coates,  Reyncll 
I  Colhoun,  Samuel  . 


;  Collins,  Stacy  Budd 
'  Cooper,  Samuel    .   . 
Cox,  \Villiani  C.   .    . 
i  Croll,  Mercer  B 
I  Culbush,  Edwaio 


Darrach,  James 
Davis,  Gwilym  G.    . 
Downs,  Norton 
Dul.es,  Charles  W. 
Dunton,  William  K. 

Ecroyd,  Henry,  Jr.  . 
Ehreiizeller.  Jacob 
Elmer,  William,  Jr. 


1871 
1864 
1882 
1861 

1852 
1S18 
1884 
1813 


1872 
1866 
1882 
1862 

1853 
1819 
1885 
1818 


6 
I  6 

(Resi  giied) 
9 


1809 

1800 

1879 

1880 

1810 

1813 

1808 

1808 

.887 

1888 

;iii 

'188? 

1871 

1872 

1806 

1807 

1867 
1884 
1820 

1892 1 
1814  I 

1819  I 
1809 

1877 1 

1792 

1872 

1879 

1790 

1853 
1881 
1889 
1877 

l8S4 

1884 
'773 
1864 


1869 
1886 
1821 


1810  I 

1878 
■797 
1873 


Elccteil  III  Hosp.  Stall,  18S7. 


I  Elected  to  ilosp.  Stuff,  18.13; 
I        resiKiied,  1836. 


Elected  to  Ilosp.  Slalf,  i8.'S  ; 
resigned,  1841. 

Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1S16; 
resij;ne<l,  1H21, 


IS-' 

1 

I.S. 

6 

■  882 

1 

4 

1890 

1 

8 

Resd 

1855 

1 

8 

1885 

, 

5 
7 

When 
Elected 


Term 
Served 


Xame 


Remarks 


123 

26* 
72 
68 
35* 


2* 
109 
41* 

138 
16& 

61* 
143 
>59 
166 

73 

36* 
122* 

98* 

60 

54 
132 

48* 

55 
8* 

97 
63* 


5°: 

9* 

120 

5* 
151 
172 

74 

62 

104* 

78* 
IIS* 

14' 
29* 

133 

"3 

121 
40* 

2I» 
163 

S4* 

6* 

134* 

165 

59* 


Fisher,  Henry  M. 
Flanner,  Thomas  . 
Fleming.  Ardrew 
Forbes,  William  S. 
Fox,  George,  Jr. 

Fox,  Joseph  M.     . 


hardener,  William  , 
Gerhard,  George  S. 
Gerhard,  William  W. 


Gillespie,  John 

Gillam,  William  G. 
Gobrechl,  William  H. 
Grayson,  Charles  M.  1'. 
Green.  Walter  D.  .    . 
Gummey,  Frank  Bird 


Hall,  A.  Douglass  ,  . 
Hamersley,  Ralph  .  . 
Hand,  Frank  C.  . 
Hare,  Horace  Binnev 
Harlan,  George  Cuvicr 
Harris,  Robert  P.  .  . 
Harte.  Richard  H.  . 
Hartshorne,  Edward  .    . 


Harlshorne,  Henry 
Hartshorne,  Joseph 

Herbert,  Theodore  . 
Hewson,  Addinell   - 


79*  I  Hodge,  H.  Lenox 


Hollingsworth,  Samuel  1- 
Hopkiiis,  Samuel  C     .   . 
Hopkins,  William  Barton 
Horsefield.  Thomas    . 
Horwitz.  Orville     .   . 
Howell,  William  V      . 
Humphreys,  George  H 
Hunt,  William  .... 


Hunter.  Charles  T.  . 
Hutchinson,  James  .  . 
Hutchinson,  James  H. 

Jameson,  Edward  W. 
Janney,  Benjamin  S. 
Jaudon,  Charles  B.  .    . 
Jiminez,  Salumino  M. 
Jordan,  Ewing  .    .    .    . 


Kirkbride,  M-  Fran< 
Kirkbride,  Thomas  S. 

Lawrence,  Jason  O'B. 

LeConte.  Robert  G. 

Lee,  Charles  Carioll   . 

Lee,  George 

Lee,  John  Grigg  .  . 
!  Leidy,  Joseph.  Jr.  .  . 
i  Levick,  JamesJ    .    .    . 


60    '  Lewis,  Franc  s  \V, 


1877 
1819 
1855 
18.53 
1828 


1879 
1820 
I8.S7 
1855 
1830 


1878  I  1880 


1791 
1872 
1836 

1883 
1891 
1851 
1884 
1889 


1786 
:87i 

1834 

1881 
1890 
l8so 
18S3 
1887 
1889 


1856  1S57 

1829  1830 

1S77  j  1878 

1S66  1867 

1S59  1S60 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1R4S  : 
resigned,  1S.S4. 


Elected  to  Hosp.  StafI,  1S45: 
resigned,  1S68. 


1845 
isSo 
1841 


1847 
18S: 
1843 

1S48 
1806 


1 


4       Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1893. 
.    .  ;  Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1859 : 
[        resigned,  1S65. 

!   .  I  Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  iSio  : 
resigned,  1S21. 


1866 

1867 

, 

I 

1851 

1852          1 

Elected  to  Ho=p.  Staff,  1861 

resigned,  1&77. 
Elected  to  Ho'ip  Staff,  1832: 

18SS 

i860          I            9 

resigned,  I^S4- 

1842 

■  843 

•    ■    ■         5 

1H04 

1808 

4       .    .    . 

1K75 

1S77 

2      1  •    •    • 

1794 

1799 

5    1  •  •   • 

18SS 

1S86 

1      '       4 

1S91 
1S56 

1858 

1            6 

1850 

1852 

2 

Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1863 
resigned,  1S93. 

1869 

1870 

1 

1799 

1804 

5 

1858 

1859 

' 

' 

Elected  to  Hosp.  Stall,  186S 
died,  1SS9. 

1873 

l«75 

I            4 

1808 

1813 

5       •   ■    • 

1823 

1S24 

...       10 

1880 

1S81 

I           4 

1872 

i«73 

7 

1876 

1878 

2 

1833 

J835 

2 

1S14 

1815 

6 

188S 

1890  ,       I 

li 

1 861 

1862 

I 

6 

179S 

1802 

4 

1S80 

1 881 

I 

4 

1889 

1891 

I 

8 

1849 

1 851 

2 

3 

Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1S56 
resigned,  1S68. 

1849 

1850 

I 

.   .   . 

MI* 

"7 

Il6 
83* 
53* 

106 

83 

142* 
127 

99* 
III 
45* 

33* 

■35 

>?■ 
JJ» 
13* 

S* 
3:* 
75 
•54 


NaiiK* 


,  Lewis,  Georj^c  i  .  - 
Lewis.  Morris  J  .  .  .  . 
Lippiiicott.  J.  Aubrey 
Livezey,  E  iward     .    . 

'  Loi^n.  John  D.  .  .  . 
Longstrelh,  Morris  .    . 


McCall,  Charles  A.  .  . 
McCrea,  James  A.  .  . 
McIIvaine,  Edward  S. 
Mcllwain,  Charles  H. 


I  , 


Markoe.  James.  Jr.  .  , 
Meigs,  Arthur  V.  .  . 
Meigs,  John  Forsyih  . 

Mifflin.  Charles  .  .  . 
Mifflin,  Houston  .  . 
Miller.  Morris  Booth  . 
Miller,  Warwick  P.  . 
Moore,  John  Wilson    . 


Morgan.  William  McKcnnan 
Morris,  Caspar  .... 
Morton.  Thomas  G.    . 
Morton,  Thomas  S.  K 


NelT,  Joseph  S.  .    . 
Norris,  George  W. 

Norris.  Herbert 
Norris,  Williant  F. 


136       Owen,  John  J. 


157 
71 
33* 

152 

64 

95 

176 

19* 

Si* 
U7 
155 

93* 
66* 
102* 

ftS' 
24* 

119 

49* 

28* 

87 
169 

57* 
167 

»S3 
160 
156; 
77* 


Packard,  Frederick  A 
Packard, John  H. 
I'aut.  John  KoHtnan 

1  Penrose,  Charles  B. 
Penrose,  Richard  A 
Pepper,  William,  Jr. 

1  Phillips,  Horace 
Price,  William  .   .   . 


Reed.  Thomas  B. 
Reeves,  J    Howard 
Rhoads,  Edwanl  G. 
Rnoads.  Edward  .    . 
Rhoads.  James  K.    . 
Richardson,  KIHotl  . 
Richardson,  Joseph  G 
Ritchie,  Thoman  H. 
kitz.  Charles  M. 
Roherts,  John  B.   .    . 
Robinson,  Moore 

Sargent,  Fitzwilliam 
Satchel),  Southey  S. 
Silvery.  William   .    . 
Scott,  J.  Allison     .    . 
Sergeant,  Spencer 
Shuplcss.  William  T 

Shobcr.  lohn  B.     .    . 


Shoemaker,  Har\'ey 
Shoemaker,  Samuel  B 
Smith,  Albert  H.  . 


1   When 

Term 

1  Elected 

Served 

« 

jz     1 

■B 

E 

c 

!  s 

0 

s 

0 

b. 

H 

> 

s 

18H) 

■S83 

Res'd 

1S74 

1875 

I 

■V3 

•875 

I 

'e' 

'Si9 

1861 

I 

6 

lS44 

1846 

2 

1870 

1871 

I 

'  'e' 

1S60 

1861 

. 

9 

fiiS 

1837 

3 

18S3 

1883 

9 

1873 

1879 

I 

1867 

186S 

6 

1872 

1874 

6 

,  1838 

1840 

i8j6 

1838 

1881 

1881 

4 

.891 

1892 

8 

1815 

1810 

ist^  ;  1813 

■S47 

1848 

4 

1S..4 

1827 

1x57 

1858 

4 

1S.S5 

18S7 

4 

1S78 

1879 

. 

1830 

1833 

1867 

1868 

5 

1861 

1863 

6 

1881 

1882 

1887 

18S8 

4 

1855 

1856 

6 

1825 

1836 

5 

iiWS 

1886 

4 

.S5I 

1853 

1S65 

i8£6 

'  '&' 

1892 

I8I3 

1814 

'859 

1861 

6 

.«§; 

.885 

3 

18S6 

1887 

4 

1S64 

1S65 

6 

18S2 

1854 

4 

is<)8 

1870 

I 

6 

1862 

1863 

9 

1SI9 

1823 

rV.S 

1869 

'■V5 

1877 

"  6" 

T842   1842 

8 

1S43  '  1845 

1S23   1824 

.  .  . 

1S62   1863 

6 

1H90   1892 

8 

1S48 

1850 

ISS9 

1890 

ISS5 

1885 

IS86 

1887 

IS.S8 

1889 

1886 

1887 

i-^s? 

■  850 

Elected  to  Hosp.  SlafT,  1S90. 
Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1879. 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff.  18S2. 
Elected  Ic.  Il.isp.  Staff,  1859; 
resigned.  18S2. 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff.  1821  ; 
resided.  1827. 


Elected  to  Hosp  Staff,  1864. 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  1836; 
resigned,  1863. 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  18S4. 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  i8ji  : 
resigned,  1823. 


When 
Elecled 


44' 

173 
"75 
37* 

46 

58* 

47 


146 
91 


Smith,  Henry  H 

Smith,  Lawrence  S.  .  .  . 
Spellissv,  Joseph  M.  -  .  . 
Stewardson,  Tliotnas,  Jr. 


Still*,  Alfred  ... 
Stille,  Moreton  .  . 
Stocker,  Anthony  E. 


Tavlor,  William  Johnson  .  1.S83 

Thornton.  Philip 1S06 

Trotter,  Spencer 1  1S.S3 

Tyson,  James 1^63 


105      Van  Harlingen,  Arlluii  C.   .  r  1869 


•I 


51*  Wallace.  Ellcrslie    .   .    .    . 

43*  Wallace,  Joshua  M.    .   .    . 

34*  Washington,  James  A.  .   . 

76*  Wells,  William  Lehman   . 

161  Westcott,  Thompson  S.  .   . 

130  Wetherill,  Henry  M-,  Jr.  . 

170  Williams,  Charles  B.  .   .    . 

96  Williams,  Horace    .   .   - 

139  Wills,  Joseph  H 

70  Wilson,  Augustus    .   . 

I45»  Wilson,  Charles  Meigs  .    . 

!07  Wilson,  James  C 

174  Wilson,  Richard 

30*  Wistar,  Caspar 

39*  Wistar,  Mimin 

92  Wistar,  Thomas 

89  Wood.  Horatio  C.   -    . 

114  Woodbury,  Frank   .   .   .   . 


'843 
i8.i6 
1S27 
1857 
18S8 
1879 
1890 
1S65 
18S2 
1854 
1SS3 
1870 
1S92 
1824 
1S32 
1S63 
.863 
■873 


884 
808 
885 
864 

871  I 

844 
838 
829 
857 


Remarks 


Elected  to  Hosp.  Staff,  183S 
resigned,  1845. 


6 
II 


Appointed  Officer  of  Hygiene 
and  Librarian,  1874 ;  re- 
signed, 1875. 


523 


PHYSICIA\S-1N  CHIEF  AND  SUPtRlN TENDEN TS  OF 
DEPARTMENTS  FOR  THE  INSANE 


KiRKBRiDE,  Thomas 
CuAriN,  John  B  . 


Years      Mont 

IS 

43                 J 

III  ofiici;. 

ASSISTANT  PHYSICIANS  OF  THE  INSANE  DEPARTMENT 


|6 

13 

■s 


l8 
4 


3* 

II 
J4 

I 
17 

S« 

35/ 

10/ 
9 

5 
14 
36 

>9 

37 
7 


Name 


Bartlis,  William  H. 
Beitler.  Daniel 
Bradner,  J  .  Roe     .    . 
,  Brush,  Edward  A.  . 


Carson,  Frank 
Cur«eii.  Jolin 


Pranklin.  Charles  M. 
Given,  Robert  A.  .   . 


Hall,  James    .... 
Harrison,  William  H. 

Hartshorne,  Edward  . 
Hess,  Robert  J.     . 


Jones,  S  Preston  .  .  . 
Josselyn,  Eli  E.    . 

Lee,  J.  Edwards  .   . 
Longshore,  William  S. 

Mendenhall,  ThoniasJ 
Moon.  William  P.  .  . 
Moulton,  Albert  R.  . 

Nunemaker,  Henry  B. 

Phillips,  Horace  .   .   . 


Smith,  Edwaid  A.   .   . 
Smith,  Francis  Gurney 

Wethcrill,  Henry  M.,Jr. 
Wilson,  John  T 


When 

Term 

Elected 

Served 

e 

C 

X 

P 

0 

s 

0 

b. 

H 

> 

S 

1871  1 
1863 
1869  i 
1884  j 

■875  I 
1844 

18&I 

1S43 

1863 ! 
1887 1 

1841 1 
1875 

I8.S9  ' 
1&87 
18S9  I 

"851  1 
1862  I 
i860 

1849 
1868 
1891 

1879 


1884 
1867 
1871 
1891 

1881 
■  349 

1887 

1844 

l8«3 
1894 

1841 
1S79 

1884 
1887 


1856 
l8«8 
|86> 

l8si 
1883 


1894 

1856 
I84I 

1863 

:84i 

6 

I88I 
1867 

iSM 

? 

Kfinarks 


524 


Tlie  Hospital  Pharmac\'. 

APOTHECARIES,  STEWARDS,  AND  MATRONS. 

The  first  medicines  and  medical  supplies  for  the  patients  in  the 
wards  of  the  Hospital  were  contributed  by  the  members  of  the 
Medical  Staff;  but  this  arrangement  was  only  temporary. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  held  December,  1752, 
in  order  to  pay  for  a  large  order  of  drugs  shipped  from  London,  it  was 

Agreed  that  the  Managers,  each  of  them  in  their  Turns  solicit  Subscriptions 
from  the  rich  widows  and  other  Single  Women  in  Town,  in  order  to  raise  a  Fund 
to  pay  for  the  Drugs. 

The  appeal  was  not  in  vain  (see  page  267)  but  the  resolution  was 
adopted  not  to  rely  upon  such  expedients  in  future,  but  to  restrict  the 
purchase  of  medicines  to  the  ainounts  actually  in  hand  and  available 
for  the  purpose. 

A  complete  stock  of  drugs  necessarily  involved  the  idea  of  a  place  Drug-Shop 
to  keep  them,  accordingly  it  was  agreed  '-to  put  up  a  partition  in  Established, 
the  East  back-room  of  the  Hospital,  with  shelves,  drawers,  etc.,  for  a 
shop."  It  further  involved  the  idea  of  an  aj^othecary,  who  should  be 
employed  to  prepare  and  compound  the  medicines  and  administer 
them  agreeably  to  the  prescriptions  of  the  jjhysicians  and  surgeons, 
and  who  would  be  able  to  give  security  for  the  faithful  performance 
of  his   duties.       In   1752.  Jonathan   Roberts   was  recommended    by 


525 


Dr.  Bond  as  a  good  man  for  this  ])osition  and  he  was  accordingly 
empowered  to  employ  him.  After  receiving  his  appointment,  he 
served  the  Hosi)ital  acceptahly  for  two  years  and  a  (jnarter.  His 
successor  was  John  Morgan,  who  was  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Redman.  .After 
thirteen  months'  service,  he  resigned  May  i,  1756,  his  letter  to  the 
Board,  stating  in  the  formal  phra.seology  of  the  day  "that  having  a 
prospect  of  business  more  advantageous  than  his  present  employment, 
he  desired  to  be  discharged." 

John  Bond,  a  nephew  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bond,  was  the  third 
apothecary.  He  entered  upon  his  duties  and  released  his  predecessor 
May  6,  1756.  .\fter  a  service  of  a  little  over  two  years,  Dr.  John 
Bond  also  "found  a  prosjject  of  more  Advantageous  Business,  etc.," 
and  accordingly  resigned  May  17.  1758. 

Dr.  Cadwalader  recommended  James  .\shton  Bayard  '•  a.s  a  sober 
young  man  suitable  to  be  so  employed,"  and  joined  in  an  obligation 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty,  and  he  was  accordingly 
elected  to  the  vacancy. 

Mr.   Bayard  served    for  one  year  and  sent   in  his  resignation, 

asking  to  be-  discharged.      In  this  emergency,    the    i)hysicians  were 

invited  to  consult  about  choosing  an  apothecary  for  the  ensuing  year 

as  it  was  now  believed  that  the  work  of  the  .Apothecary  shop  could 

_       «  "^^    |jg  satisfactorily  performed  by  medical  students,  as  a  part  of  their  dutv. 
Students  to  ■'   '  '  ' 

serve  as  Accordingly  the  following  minute  was  ado|)ted  in  1758: 

Apothecaries.  And  considering  the  advantage  a  young  student  of  Physic  and  Surgery  may 

receive  by  being  employed  as  the  Apothecary,  it  will  not  be  expedient  to  continue 
the  salary  to  the  Apothecary. 

Apparently  the  experiment  of  having  the  medicines  comj)ounded 
by  the  resident  medical  students,  was  not  satisfactory  and  had  to  be 
abandoned,  the  managers  finding  it  necessary  to  have  .some  responsi- 
ble person  to  fill  this  important  office  and  jiossibly  more  economical 
in  the  end. 

On   recommendation  of  Dr.    Redman,   the   board   accepted  the 

offer  of  John  Moland,  Jr.,  to  serve  gratis  for  the  year,  but  after  he  was 

appointed,  he  found  that  his  health  would  not  permit  him  to  serve. 

.\fter   an    unsatisfactory,    or  at    least    inconclusive,   conference    with 

another   candidate,   the    Hoard  of  Managers    decided    10    advertise 

Advertise-  in  the  "  Gazette,"   "that  an  Apothecary  is  wanted  in  the  service  of 

mentforan  the  Hospital."     Among  the  applicants  was   Dr.   George  Weed,   of 

Apothecary.   Haddonfield,  N.  J.,  who,  having  received  the  endorsement  of  the 

Medical  Staff,  was  waited  upon    at    his    house.       The   steward    and 

matron  had  each  given  notice  of  their  intention  to  leave,  which  made 

it  necessary  that  these  vacancies  should  be  filled  immediately. 


The  Medical  Staff  presented  the  following  communication,  con- 
taining a  recommendation,  which  has  since  been  adopted  in  other 
hospitals  : 

In   order   that   the   Business   of  the   Hospital   may  be  less   burdensome  to    Appointment 
ourselves,   and   more  thoroughly   performed   we   propose  that   tliere   may  be  a    of  a  Dresser 
Surgeryman,  as  in  English  Hospitals,  to  prepare  the  Dressings  as  we  direct,  to  be    Proposed, 
ready  on  all  Occasions  whereby  we  could,  or  our  Apprentices  in  our  Absence, 
dress  the  Patients  with  more  ease  and  advantage  than  has  been  posssible  for  us  to 
do,  without  such  preparation. 

We  also  think  it  a  matter  of  great  Consequence  not  only  to  the  Institution,  and    Also  of  a 
the  Patients  in  the  Hospital,  but  to  the   Pupils  who  attend,  that  the  Apothecary    Competent 
be  a  person  of  fidelity,  and  skill  in  the  various  branches  of  his  business  ;  as  it  is    Apothecary, 
impossible    for   any  who   have  not   been  conversant   in   matters  of  the   kind,  to 
be  competent  Judges  of  the   latter  Qualification,   we  request  no  person  may  be 
chosen,  without  having  first  obtained  our  recommendation. 

.Moreover,  we  crave  leave  to  represent,  that  the  Apothecary's  Shop  is  very 
defective  in  furniture,  necessary  to  preserve  the  Virtues  of  the  Medicines,  and  to 
keep  them  separate  and  also  in  sundry  things,  essential,  for  preparing,  com- 
pounding and  dispensing,  what  is  prescribed,  in  the  most  accurate,  efficacious 
manner. 

And  lastly,  if  your  fund  admitt  of  it,  we  think  a  small  Laboratory  wou'd  be    A  Pharma- 
of  singular  use  ;  as  such  an   Apothecary   wou'd  have  a    considerable  share   of   ceutical 
leisure,  and  might  prepare  most  of  the  chemical,  and  the  botanical  Medicines,    Laboratory 
avoiding   any   temptation   to   adulterate  ;  and   we   should  have   many  of  them.    Suggested, 
cheaper,  genuine,  fresh,  and  possessed  of  their  full  virtues. 
July  30,  1767.  Th.  Bond,  Phineas  Bond,  Thos.  Cadwalader. 

The  necessity  for  obtaining  a  qualified  apothecary  was  the  subject 
of  another  communication  to  the  Board  of  Managers  from  the  Medical 
Staff",  sent  in  a  few  months  later : 

Gentlemen  : — According  to  your  desire  we  have  had  several  Conferences 
about  an  Apothecary  for  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  think  it  absolutely  neces- 
sary that  a  person  properly  Qualified  for  that  Business  should  be  procured  as 
soon  as  you  conveniently  can  ;  We  are  of  Opinion  that  the  best  way  will  be  to 
apply  to  some  Person  in  England  whose  Judgment  and  good  will  to  the  Institution 
may  be  depended  upon  for  a  Recommendation  of  such  a  Person.  This  can  be  no 
Difficult  matter  as  some  of  you  have  Connections  with  People  eminent  in  the 
Medical  way  in  England.  For  our  Parts  we  think  no  properer  persons  can  be 
thought  of  than  Dr.  Fothergill  and  W.  Bevan.  The  intended  .\pothecary  may  be 
informed  that  he  is  to  do  Duty  in  the  House  as  is  Customary  in  small  Hospitals  in 
England  Ours  containing  One  time  with  Another  from  150  to  180  Sick.  He 
should  be  so  well  skilled  in  the  Affairs  of  Chymistrj'  as  to  be  able  to  Manage  a 
small  Laboratory  if  it  should  be  found  necessary. 

In  order  to  obviate  any  fears  of  his  having  toogreat  Employment,  he  may  be 
informed  that  the  Business  of  Dressing  Is  to  be  done  by  us,  or  our  Pupils  under 
our  strict  inspection  for  their  greater  Improvement,  &  to  the  general  Benefit  of  the 
Sick. 

We  have  thought  of  some  few  Regulations  to  be  made  in  the  Shop,  but  as  we 
have  reason  to  believe  an  Apothecary  will  be  had  in  the  Spring  we  think  it  best  to 
postpone  the  Execution  of  them  until  his  Arrival. 

Tho.mas  Cadwalader,  Thomas  Bo.nd,  Phineas  Bond. 
October  5,  1767. 

527 


An  Eiiglisli 

Apothecary  lo 

be  imported. 


Letter  to  Ur. 

FotherRill 

requesting 

him  to 

engage  an 

Apothecary 

for  the 

Hospital. 


The  English 

Apothecary 

Arrives. 


It  was  luixv  generally  admitted  that  the  services  of  a  qualified 
.\|iothecary  were  indispensable  and  the  suggestion  of  the  i)hysirians, 
to  iin|iort  a  druggist  from  England,  was  accordingly  ado|>ted. 

In  this  emergency,  as  in  many  others,  the  Managers  turned  to 
their  friend,  Doctor  Fothergill  in  London  : 

Pmi.AD.A  ,  Novr.  i8th,  176;. 

.ff«/>^(-/crf  AriVz/rf  .-—The  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  gratefully 
sensible  of  the  distinguished  proofs  they  have  received  of  thy  benevolence  in  pro- 
moting that  useful  Charity.  &  thy  Friendship  in  assisting  them,  are  Kncouraged  to 
lay  themselves  under  a  fresh  obligation,  iS:  have  deputed  us  to  ask  the  favour  of 
thy  kind  assistance  in  a  matter  which  the  present  State  of  the  Institution 
requires. 

Our  Matron  who  had  been  in  the  Service  several  Years  with  Credit  to  herself, 
&  satisfaction  of  the  Managers,  died  last  winter  much  regretted,  her  Husband, 
the  Apothecary  not  being  so  fully  Qualified  as  we  could  wish,  left  the  Service,  by 
consent,  a  few  Months  Since. 

We  have  been  so  happy  as  to  supply  the  place  of  the  Matron,  to  content,  but 
we  are  in  want  of  an  .Apothecary  of  abilities  superior  to  the  last  ;  and  appre- 
hending we  can  be  served  better  from  Great  Britain  than  here,  none  having  offered 
fully  approv'd  has  determined  the  Managers  to  seek  one  from  your  side  ;  Their 
instructions  to  us  thereon  are  so  fully  Expressed  by  their  minutes  of  which  we 
send  Extracts  annexed,  we  think  it  unnecessary  to  add  much  on  that  he.i<l,  than 
to  desire  if  thou  shouldst  succeed  in  obtaining  one  on  the  terms  therein  men- 
tioned, thou  wouldst  be  pleased  to  Engage  him  to  come  over  in  the  first  Ship; 
Wni.  Logan  jun'r  who  was  lately  here  on  a  Visit  to  his  Parents,  informed  us  of  a 
Young  Man  who  served  his  .Apprenticeship  and  lived  with  Joseph  Fry  at  Bristol, 
whom  he  thought  would  willingly  accept  of  theofler  ;  if,  on  enquiry  thou  approves 
of  him,  the  Character  we  have  received  of  him  gives  us  reason  to  think  he  may 
suit ;  Should  he  be  otherwise  engaged,  we  hope  some  i>erson  in  the  Circle  of  thy 
knowledge,  may  be  met  with  to  suit  us,  at  the  same  time  we  may  venture  to  add 
it  will  be  no  unfavourable  prospect  to  a  Young  Man  desirous  of  promoting  him- 
self; It  is  agreed  he  should  be  a  Single  person,  &  must  consent  to  live  in  the 
House. 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  thee,  that  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  con- 
tinues to  be  Conducted  with  Care,  and  encreases  in  reputation  S;  utility  ;  Doct'r 
Thos.  Bond's  Clinical  Lectures  last  Winter  were  attended  by  a  number  of  young 
Students,  &  as  he  intends  pursuing  them  this  Season,  we  hope  they  will  prove 
further  Instructive; 

Inclos'd  we  send  thee  a  copy  of  the  Doctor's  Introductory  Lecture  last  Year,  & 
that  of  the  Present 

We  are  very  respectfully,  on  behalf  of  the  .Managers,  Thy  Obliged  Friends, 

Tnos.  Wh.\rton. 
James  Pembertgn. 

To  Dr.  John  Fothergill. 

In  tlie  interval,  John  Davis  was  appointed  October  26,  1767,  to 
serve  until  the  ex|)ected  English  Apothecary  should  arrive.  May  30. 
1768,  Robert  Slade  entered  upon  the  duties  as  Steward  and  Apothe- 
cary, his  j)assage  money  jQG,  6s.,  from  Bristol,  being  paid  by  the 
Managers.     On  July  14,  1769,  the  following  minute  appears  : 


S2S 


Died  Robert  Slade,  steward  and  Apothecary  to  the  Hospital,  and  was  buried    Funeral 
the  15th  in  St.  Peter's  Church  Yard,  his  Funeral  being  attended  by  the  Managers   of  the 
Doctors  and  a  number  of  Reputable  Inhabitants.  Apothecary. 

The  following  communication  from  the  Medical  Staff  was  sent  to 
the  Managers,  early  in  May  1770  : 

-  '  ,«   dC   .J^^ee^t.^'  //*^  ^M  i^JtX  £X.^  X:/  «/%fit^./>*t(-Jl*i^'S-i*^'  ^-^ 
:  -T«'V  «r— yj*^  /■*''*  ^.'/.'V  .■<'J^I^  A//.-  ^^fayy^^/f^i^j^ 


'■»''l4^   l^^,  ^^■',,  fXr^y  .f>yt^;>ty^^t  ^f.k 


'.*.•*  A- ^y'-'V^.  ,w^j>  -Vrfrt  ' 


/; 


io 


ai'tjTrvLSW 


Reproduction 


,i  j^          '.    i-t       A         '  J      ..                          '.  *'•  of  Autograph 
■'  .                     ^^'^tij^'y/.A.^tt^t^  iA^t4>YA^  Xifj/t*  rii^- '^it^ '^^^^*■'*l<*'.*^tRv^'• 
%   ...                     ■          \             ,    J            ^    '  T     r~      r^-            ■     .  Coniniunica- 

"-    f         ■:.  ,,  ,    /~/i.         ■     ■  ■  •  /  ,      >       /  •,      ,   r-     j>"  "•  tion  from 

^^ia^ifc^^^:^^.^.2M^-^^M>rMf^^,/.,~jaXK^f^~Tn^-*s^  Medical  Staff. 

''.^.-'-./«  ■,.<w<^^.-'^*.5« — ^^l-f^^   ^^jJji^/U^  J^^t>r,fiJ  li^  ^/^Mt^'/^l^(,Y/T^t^ 


After  conferring  with   the  Medical   Staff,   the    Managers   again 
addressed  an  application  to   Dr.  Fothergill,  giving   their  views  with 

much'clearness  as  to  the  needs  of  the  Hospital.     In  response  to  this  Another 

letter^  from  the  Board,  Dr.  William  Smith  was  sent  from  England,  f ';"''\'^"'>' 

who   delivered   his   credentials    May   16,   1770,  and    the   articles   ot  f^„,„  E„g,a„d 
agreement  were  drawn  up  and  signed. 


529 


The  following  extract  from  the  minutes,  shows  the  carefulness  of 
the  managers,  in  requiring  a  formal  contract  with  the  new  a|)othe- 
cary,  so  as  to  avoid  any  future  misunderstanding : 

Doctor  William  Smith  just  arrived  from  London,  in  the  Ship,  Pennsylvania 
Packet,  Cap.  Kalkner,  attended  and  delivered  Letters  from  Timothy  Bevan  &Son, 
and  Dr.  John  KotherKill,  together  wilh  the  Articles  of  Agreement  Entered  into  by 
them,  on  behalf  of  the  Managers,  by  which  he  Undertakes  to  serve  us  in  the 
Station  of  an  Apothecary  on  the  Terms  therein  set  forth,  Viz: 
"Articles  ok  agrekment  indented  made  it  concluded  on  the  Twentieth  day  of 
March  in  the   year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Seven  hundred  &  Seventy, 
and   in  the  Tenth   Year   of  the    Reign   of  our  Sovereign   Lord,   George   the 
Third,  by   the  Grace  of  God   of  Great    Britain,    France   and   Ireland,  King 
defender  of  the   Faith  &  so  forth.     Between   William   Smith  at  piesent  of 
London  Apothecary  of  the  one  part,  &  Timothy  Bevan  &  Son  of  London 
Druggists,    for   and   on   the   part   and    behalf  of    Israel    Pemberton   Samuel 
Rhoads   iV  James    Pembcrlon   and    the    other    Governors    of    an    Hospital 
eslal)lished  in  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  North  .\merica,  of  the  other  part  ,-is 
follows  : 
Formal  "  First  the  said  William  Smith  doth  covenant  promise  and   agree,  to  it  with 

Contract  the  said  Timothy  Bevan  and  .Son,  their  E.xecutors  S:  .Administrators,  by  these 
made  with  Presents,  That  he  the  said  William  Smith  shall  and  will  Plmbark  on  board  such 
Apothecary,  ship  or  Vessel  in  the  River  of  Thames  bound  for  Philadelphia,  as  the  said 
Timothy  Bevan  S:  Son  shall  order  &  direct,  i)roceed  &  Sail  therein  to  Philadelphia 
aforesaid,  &  immediately  on  his  Arrival  there.  Enter  into  the  service  of  the 
Governors  of  the  Hospital  established  as  aforesaid,  in  the  Capacity  or  Station  of  an 
Apothecary  to  the  said  Hospital,  &  in  that  station  continue  &  serve  for,  during,  & 
unto  the  full  End  and  Term  of  three  Years,  to  Commence  &  be  accounted,  from 
the  time  of  his  Arrival  at  Philadelphia  aforesaid,  during  which  Term,  the  said 
William  Smith,  shall  and  will  administer,  do,  perform  &  execute,  according  to 
the  best  &  utmost  of  his  power,  skill  &  knowledge,  whatever  shall  be  needful  and 
necessary  to  be  Administered,  done,  performed  and  Executed,  in,  about,  or  con- 
cerning the  Patients  of  the  said  Hospital,  and  shall  and  will  behave  himself  in  an 
Orderly,  Civil  it  obliging  manner  to  the  Governors  of  the  said  Hospital,  for  the 
time  being,  and  as  one  in  his  Capacity  or  Station  ought  to  do.  In  Consiijeration 
whereof,  the  said  Timothy  Bevan  &  Son,  for  &  on  the  part  Sc  behalf  of  the  said 
Isr.ael  Pemberton,  Samuel  Rhoads,  &  James  Pemberton  and  the  other  Governors 
aforesaid.  Do  covenant,  promise  &  Agree,  to  &  with  the  said  William  Smith,  his 
Executors  &  Administrators,  by  these  Presents,  That  they  the  said  Timothy 
Bevan  &  Son,  or  the  said  Israel  Pemberton,  Samuel  Rhoads  and  James  Pember- 
ton, and  the  other  Governors,  their,  some  or  one  of  their  Executors  or  Adminis- 
trators shall  and  will,  not  only  pay  for  the  Passage  of  the  said  William  Smith  to 
Philadeli)hia  aforesaid,  and  immediately  on  his  Arrival  there,  take  &  receive  him 
into  the  service  and  station  of  an  Apothecary  to  the  Hospital  befoie  mentioned, 
and  find  it  provide  for  the  said  William  Smith,  good  &  sufficient  Meat,  Drink, 
Washing  &  Lodging,  during  the  Term  of  three  Years  to  Commence  as  aforesaid, 
such  as  is  necessary  usual  and  customary  for  one  in  his  Station  or  Capacity  there, 
Bit  Also  shall  S;  will  well  and  truly  pay,  or  Cause  to  be  paid  to  the  said 
William  Smith,  his  Executors,  Administrators  or  Assigns,  the  full  and  just  Sum 
of  One  hundred  Pounds  Currency  of  Philadelphia,  a  Year,  for  each  it  Every  of 
the  said  three  Years,  by  Even  it  Equal  half  yearly  Payments  in  each  Year,  &  so 
in  proportion  for  a  greater  or  lesser  time  than  a  Year,  in  full  for  such  service  to 

530 


be  done  &  performed  as  aforesaid.  And  It  is  hereby  mutually  covenanted 
&  agreed  by  &  between  tlie  said  William  Smith,  &  the  said  Timothy  Bevan  &  Son 
on  behalf  of  the  Governors  aforesaid,  That  in  case  it  shall  happen  that  the  said 
William  Smith  shall  be  minded  or  desirous  to  quit  the  Service  &  employ 
herein  before  agreed  on,  or  that  the  Governors  of  the  Hospital  established  as 
aforesaid,  shall  be  minded  to  Discharge  the  said  William  Smith  from  such 
service  &  employ,  at  any  time  before  the  end  or  expiration  of  the  Term 
of  three  Years  herein  before  mentioned,  That  then  &  in  such  Case,  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  him  or  them  so  to  do,  upon  giving  Six  Months  warning  or  Notice 
thereof  in  writing,  under  his  or  their  hands,  to  the  Party  or  Parties  therein 
concerned  of  such  his  or  their  desire  or  intention.  Provided  always  and  it  is 
hereby  agreed,  that  in  Case  such  warning  or  notice  shall  be  given  by  the  said 
William  Smith  within  the  first  Year  of  his  servitude.  That  then  it  shall  be  lawful 
for  the  Governors  of  the  said  Hospital  to  deduct  and  detain  out  of  his  Salary  or 
Wages  whatever  Sum  or  Sums  of  Money  the  said  Timothy  Bevan  &  Son,  or  the 
said  Governors  shall  have  advanced  &  paid  to,  or  for  the  Passage  of  the  said 
William  Smith  to  Philadelphia  aforesaid  ;  and  that  in  Case  the  said  William  Smith 
shall  give  such  Notice  or  warning  after  the  first  Year,  and  before  the  Expiration 
of  the  second  Year  of  his  said  Servitude,  that  then  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  said 
Governors  to  detain  S:  deduct  out  of  his  Wages,  one  half  part  of  Whatever  Sum 
or  Sums  of  Money,  shall  have  been  expended  or  paid  as  aforesaid  for  his  Passage 
to  Philadelphia,  anything  herein  before  contained  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
AND  to  the  performance  hereof  the  said  William  Smith,  and  the  said  Timothy 
Bevan  &  Son  on  behalf  of  the  Governor's  aforesaid,  DO  severally  bind  and  oblige 
themselves,  their  several  cS:  respective  Executors  &  Administrators  reciprocally, 
each  unto  the  other  in  the  Penal  Sum  of  One  hundred  Pounds  Sterling,  firmly  by 
these  Presents.  In  Witness  whereof  the  said  Parties  have  hereunto  set  their 
hands  &  Seals  the  day  and  Year  first  above  written. 

William  Smith  "Seal." 

Timothy  Bev.\n  &  Sox  "Seal." 

SEALED  &  DELIVERED,  (being  first  duly 
Stampt)  in  the  PRESENCE  o( 

Thomas  Graham. 
William  Tudman. 

After  reading  the  Above  Articles  the  board  Adjourned  to  meet  again  To  Mor- 
row Morning. 

William  Smith  Apothecary,  attended,  &  Agreed  to  Enter  into  the  service, 
and  to  use  his  best  Endeavours  to  perform  the  same  for  the  General  benefit  of  the 
Institution,  concerning  which  some  remarks  were  made  for  his  Government 
therein. 

Thos.  Boulter's  term  as  ajiprentice  having  expired  August  26,  i  77 1 , 
asuit  of  apparel  was  provided  for  him,  and  he  was  engaged  as  Assistant 
Apothecary,  and  on  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Smith,  March  12,  1773, 
he  was  directed  to  supply  the  place  "  until  a  more  suitable  jierson 
can  be  provided." 

The  same  year,  the  Managers  decided  to  select  an  Apothecary 
after  a  competitive  examination,  accordingly  this  was  duly  conducted 
by  the  Medical  Staff,  which  made  the  following  report  and  recommen- 
dation : 


Tile  English 
.■\pothecary 
enters  upon 
his  duties  and 
subsequently 
resigns^ 


53' 


■:-/»*"■«.  v'.r 


I 


y 


i^riK  -e^ 


/rriC.    /77 


-fJnhJ^^AA^ 


//>?<!» 


Report  of  Medical  Stall  on  Examination  of  Apothecaries 

Medical  James  Hutchison    was  selected,   and    entered    upon    his   duties 

Apprentices  May  17,  1773  >  ^"^  was  succeeded  by  James  Dunlap,  June  17,  1775. 
In  the  meantime,  a  medical  apprentice  had  been  taken,  Jabob  Ehren- 
zeller's  indenture,  to  serve  five  years,  having  been  executed  June  i, 
1773.  James  Dunlap  resigned  at  the  exi)iration  of  the  year  for  which 
he  was  appointed  and  a  certificate  was  given  him,  the  Managers  being 
well  satisfied  with  his  conduct. 

532 


to  act  as 
Apothecaries 


About  this  time,  there  appears  to  have  been  some  dissatisfaction 

with  the  management  of  this  department  and  the  Steward,  John  Story,  The  Steward 

was  directed  to  attend  to  the  Apothecary's  duties.   Mr.  Story  appears  to  =»"^"<ls  to  the 

.      ,  11  r  <-  ,  •      1  •       1    i-.      r  T^  Apothecary's 

have  had  no  small  amount  of  confidence  in  his  ability,  for  on  Decern-  j^jj^g 

ber  26,  1778,  he  offered  to  combine  in  himself,  the  functions  of  Physi- 
cian, Librarian  and  Apothecary,  in  addition  to  those  of  the  Steward. 
It  appears  that  Mr.  Story  must  have  actually  exercised  these  several 
functions,  or  thought  that  he  had,  for  on  November  15,  1779,  he  sent 
to  the  Board  an  account  for  wages  as  Physician,  Resident  .Apothecary, 
and  Librarian,  but  as  the  Managers  could  find  nothing  upon  the 
minutes  authorizing  this  e.vpenditure,  it  does  not  appear  that  they 
allowed  it. 

February  29,  1780,  Peter  Yarnall,  who  applied  to  the  Board   for   An  Apothe- 
the  office  of  Apothecary,  "  for  which  he  expects  no  wages,    only  to   "-'•'"■>'  Volun- 
be  provided  with  board  and  lodging,"  was  chosen  as  Apothecary  and   J^""  '. 
Librarian.     Three  months  later  Dr.  Yarnall   received    permission   to 
employ  Thomas  Hughes  as  an  assistant, 

Said  Hughes  to  be  allowed  his  board  and  lodging  in  the  Hospital  and  the 
value  of  a  Spanish  Milled  dollar  in  paper  currency  per  month,  Dr.  Yarnall  to 
furnish  him  with  necessary  clothing. 

The  following  year,  June,  1781,  Gustavus  Fred  Kielman,  an 
Apothecary,  was  recommended  by  the  physicians,  and  it  was  agreed 
to  employ  him  and  that  he  "  be  found  in  meat,  drink,  washing,  and 
lodging."     He  resigned  at  the  end  of  sixteen  months. 

Dr.  Hartley  succeeded  Dr.  Kielman,  and  served  for  fifteen 
months. 

May  II,  1784,  Dr.  Natlianiel  B.  Waters  offered  to  serve  for  one 
year  without  salary  and  was  accordingly  appointed  at  the  end  of  the 
year.  At  the  end  of  three  years'  service,  he  resigned  and  a  certificate 
was  given  him,  the  Board  conferring  upon  him  the  privilege  of 
attendance  upon  the  practice  of  the  house,  and  also  the  free  use  of  the 
library. 

At  this  time,  the  Board  again  decided  to  permit  the  duties  of  the   Medical 

Apothecary  to  be  performed  by  the  apprentices,  Dr.  Waters  offering   Apprentices 

to   assist    without    pay,  when    at   leisure.     Wm.    Gardner,    who  was    '"*'^"'^'. 

'    -'  Apothecaries. 

appointed  Apprentice  and  assistant  July  30,  1787,  succeeded  to  the 
office,  and  served  until  the  end  of  his  apprenticeship,  March  28, 
1 79 1,  when  he  turned  over  the  office  to  Edward  Cutbush,  another 
resident  student,  who  had  begun  his  apprenticeship,  September  27, 
1790.  Wm.  Gardner  was  duly  presented  "with  the  use  of  the 
library  and  the  privilege  of  attending  the  practice  of  the  house 
at  pleasure." 

533 


The  indentures  of  Samuel  Cooperwere  executed  January  i,  1792, 

Terms  of  and,  two  years  later,  he  signed  a  receipt  for  instruments,  anatomical 

Mtdical  A[>-   prei)araiions,  and  books  [irepared  by  Dr.    lidward  Cutbush,  and  was 

prentices  and    j^^^^Ugj  ^  Apothecary.    In  November,  1 794,  Thomas  Horsefield  was 

Aputlivcaries.  f  j 

employed  as  assistant,  and  an  agreement  approved  and  executed. 
Permission  was  given  to  Mr.  Horsefield  to  attend  Dr.  Barton's  lectures 
on  Botany. 

Samuel  Cooper's  term  of  ajjprenticeship expired  in  August,  1797, 
when  Thomas  Horsefield  took  charge  of  the  pharmacy.  A  vote  of 
thanks  was  subsequently  given  to  Dr.  Cooper  "  for  his  services,  espe- 
cially for  his  great  care  of  patients  during  the  yellow  fever,"  also  the 
privilege  for  life  of  the  library  and  practice  of  the  House.  On  Novem- 
ber 26,  1798,  Dr.  Cooper  died  and  bequeathed  his  whole  estate  to  the 
Hospital,  after  making  provision  for  binding  out  his  young  negroes. 

The  following  certificate  of  a  medical  apprentice  was  signed  by 
Dr.  Craik,  who  had  been  Physician  to  President  Washington. 


A' 


"^ 


M^^d 


<^€^u'2 


In  1800,  when  the  centre  building  was  comi)leted,  the  apothecary 
shop  was  transferred  to  the  south  room  opposite  the  administration 
office,  where  it  has  since  remained. 


.S.34 


The  apprenticeship  of  Thomas  Horsefield  would  have  expired 
November  24,  1799,  but  on  October  28th,  he  was  released  and  per-  Medical 
mitted  to  leave,  in  order  to  accept  a  position  as  surgeon  on  the  ship  pprentices. 
"  China,"  which  was  about  to  sail.  A  certificate  was  given  to 
Dr.  Horsefield.  George  Lee,  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Samuel  Duffield,  was 
accepted  as  an  apprentice  October  30,  1797.  At  a  meeting  held 
July  28,  1800,  Dr.  Wm.  Hartshorne  made  application  to  have  his  son 
Joseph  admitted  as  apprentice  when  Dr.  Lee's  term  should  expire. 
Dr.  Lee's  health  being  poor,  he  was  recommended  a  sea  voyage  and  a 
change  of  occupation.  He  was  subsequently  released  from  his 
indentures, his  faithful  services  commended,  and  he  was  given  the  usual 
privileges  of  house  and  library.  Dr.  Jas.  Hutchinson,  Jr.,  supplied  the 
]jlace  of  Dr.  Lee,  from  1799  to  1804. 

At  the  expiration  of  five  years  service  as  resident  pupil, 
Dr.  James  Hutchinson,  Jr.,  delivered  the  books,  etc.,  to  Joseph 
Hartshorne,  who  served  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  five  years, 
in  1806,  when  the  usual  certificates  and  the  privileges  were  voted. 

This  method  of  combining  the  offices  of  medical  apprentice  and   Office  of 

apothecary  was  continued  nominally  until   1824,  when   the  office  of      "^  "^^  . 

J      •  J    J  i_  Apprentice 

medical  apprentice  was  discontinued,  and   it  was  decided  to  choose   ai,oiisi,e(] 

graduates  in  medicine  only  for  resident  physicians.    As  early  as  1820,    and  Resident 

however,    vacancies   were    filled    by   graduates    in    medicine   by   the   Physicians 

election  at  this  time  of  Robert  J.  Clark,  M.  D.,  to  fill  the  unexpired   o"ly  chosen 

■>  '  '  •■  since  1824. 

term  of  Thomas  Planner. 

The    Board,   in    1824,   at   length  adopted  the   plan   of  internal 

administration,   which  has  been  in  satisfactory  operation  for  the  last 

seventy  years,  by  appointing  an  educated  pharmacist  and  relieving 

the  medical   staff  and  the  resident  physicians  from  all  responsibility 

in  this  department.     Graham    Hoskins,  a  qualified  pharmacist,  was   g„aiified 

elected    in    1821.     After    two    years   service,   he   was   succeeded   by   Pliarmacisis 

Robert   Harris,  who   served   only  ten  months,  and   who  in   turn  was  Appointed. 

followed   by  Samuel   C.    Sheppard,    who  remained  fourteen   months. 

The   successor,    Newberry   Smith,    Jr.,    appointed    in    1825,    served 

four   years,    and  Franklin   R.    Smith   succeeded  him   in    1829.      He 

served  for  two  years,  when   Dr.  John  Conrad  was  chosen  to  fill  the 

position.     From  1831  to  1870,  Dr.  Conrad  faithfully  performed  the 

duties  of  the  office,  and  won  the  affectionate  regard  of  all  who  came 

in  contact  with  him.     The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  by  the 

Board  upon  receiving  his  resignation  : 

Resolt'c-il,  tiiat  in  accepting  the  resignation  of  Dr.  John  Conrad  who  for  39 
years  has  held  the  situation  of  Apothecary  to  the  Institution,  Ihe  Board  desire  to 
express  their  sense  of   the  faithful  and  satisfactory   manner   in   which   he   has 

535 


Dr.  John 

Conrad, 

Pharmacist, 

resigns. 


Aclion  of 

Society  of 

E.x- Resident 

Physicians. 


A  Botanical 
Garden. 


discharged  llie  duties  devolving  upon  him,  and  in  addition  to  these  he  has 
devoted  much  time  and  attention  to  the  care  of  the  garden  and  greenhouse. 

Kesolved,  That  in  parting  from  Dr.  Conrad  the  Board  desire  to  express  their 
sincere  wishes  for  his  future  welfare  and  to  hope  that  he  may  be  favored  with  the 
enjoyment  of  health. 

Resolved,  That  the  hospitalities  of  the  House  and  the  use  of  the  Library  and 
garden  be  ofl'ered  to  his  acceptance  at  any  time  he  may  desire. 

Dr.  Conrad  was  born  June  21, 
1810,  was  a  graduate  of  the  JefTer- 
son  Medical  Cullege,  1850,  and 
died  October  15,  1881. 

On  his  retirement  from  the 
Hospital,  a  number  of  the  intimate 
medical  friends  of  Dr.  Conrad  made 
lip  a  purse  of  §1500,  which  they 
presented  to  him  as  a  tangible 
token  of  their  regard. 

On  the  twenty-first  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1883,  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Medical  Staff,  ex-Resident  Physi- 
cians and  friends  in  the  Library,  a 
portrait  of  Dr.  Conrad  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Hospital  by  the  committee,  and  the  following  minute 
was  adopted  : 

From  1831  until  1870,  Dr.  Conrad  was  the  Apothecary  of  this  house  in  the 
department  for  the  sick.  The  list  of  Resident  Physicians  during  that  time  includes 
seventy  names  ;  some  of  this  list  are  dead,  it  would  be  invidious  to  state  how 
many  have  won  more  than  a  local  reputation,  but  whether  widely  known  or  not, 
or  whether  living  or  dead,  is  there  one  among  them  who  ever  forgot  John  Conrad  ? 
He  was  learned  not  only  in  his  art,  but  in  Science,  in  Literature,  and  in 
Language.  He  was  a  lover  of  poetry,  of  flowers,  and  of  children.  His  delights 
were  with  his  garden,  his  books  and  his  friends.  His  cares  were  mostly  sympa- 
thies for  others.     He  never  married,  yet  his  love  for  man  and  woman  never  died. 

His  Memory  long  will  live  alone. 

In  all  our  hearts  a  mournful  light, 

That  broods  above  the  fallen  Sun 

And  dwells  In  Heaven  half  the  night. 

Tiie  interest  shown  by  Dr.  Conrad  in  the  garden  and  especially 
in  his  roses,  was  a  matter  of  frecpient  comment,  and  recalls  the  fact 
that  the  physicians  had  in  previous  years  attempted  to  establish  a 
botanical  garden  which  deserves  a  few  words  of  recognition. 

To  carry  out  the  project  of  establishing  a  "Botanic  Garden" 
suggested  by  the  physicians  and  surgeons,  the  Board  of  Managers 
resolved  February  26,  1769  : 

That  a  convenient  part  of  the  lot  westward  of  this  House  may  be  allotted 
towards  planting  a  Botanic  Garden. 


This  Garden  was  at  first  proposed  as  an  adjunct  to  the  "  Elabora- 
tory,"  which  was  built  during  the  summer  of  1769.     It  is  mentioned    A  Botanical 
in  a  letter  written  by  the  managers  to  Dr.  Fothergill  about  this  time,    C'^'''^'^" 
in  which  they  reported  progress  as  follows : 

We  have  been  at  a  considerable  expense  this  summer  in  building  a  House 
and  Purchasing  the  Apparatus  for  an  Elaboratory,  expecting  a  considerable  sav- 
ing m  the  Expense  of  Medicines. 

The  proposed  garden  was  to  furnish  the  necessary  plants  to  be 
used  in  the  preparation  in  the  Elaboratory  of  various  tinctures,  etc., 
needed  for  the  patients.  Although  a  measure  intended  to  promote 
economy,  it  is  evident  that  such  a  garden  could  not  be  supplied  with 
sufficient  quantity  and  variety  of  plants  to  meet  in  any  practical 
degree  the  requirements  of  the  physicians'  prescriptions,  but  it  might 
have  considerable  value  from  a  scientific  and  educational  standpoint. 
The  garden  continued  in  this  unformed  condition  for  over  five  years, 
at  least  it  is  not  again  mentioned  during  that  time,  in  the  minutes. 
On  May  9,  1774,  the  monthly  committee  was  instructed  to  inform  the 
physicians. 

That  if  they  will  meet  and  agree  on  a  list  of  such  medical  books,  as  are  neces- 
sary to  be  added  to  the  Medical  Library,  the  Board  is  willing,  out  of  the  funds 
allotted  for  that  purpose,  to  apply  such  Sum  as  may  be  necessary  for  purchasing 
them,  and  they  are  likewise  desired  to  communicate  their  Sentiments  of  the 
best  Method  of  obtaining  a  compleat  Collection  of  Plants  and  Herbs  to  furnish  our 
Garden  in  such  manner  that  the  proposal  long  since  made  of  having  a  good 
Botanical  Garden  may  be  eflecled. 

From  which  it  may  be  inferred  that  the  garden  at  this  time  was 
far  from  being  complete,  if  any  steps  had  really  been  taken  towards 
its  establishment. 

The  Committee  reported : 

That  a  conference  had  been  held  with  the  physicians  in  regard  to  the  Garden 
and  that  the  latter  decided  "  to  give  their  opinion  in  writing." 

This  communication  was  read  at  a  meeting  held  June  27,  1774  : 

To  THE  Managers  of   the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  The  Sueees- 

Gciillemeti — VVe  are  pleased  with  your  proposal  generously  to  execute  a  plan    tion  approved 
of  a  Botanical  Garden  formerly  agreed  upon  for  the  benefit  of  the   Pennsylvania    by  the  Medi- 
Hospital,  which  we  think  may  be  made  useful  to  that  noble  Institution  and  it    pal  Staff, 
appears  to  us  that  the  present  Garden  and  Lot  of  Ground  Northward  of  the  Hos- 
pital, within  the  Square,  will  be  most  fit  for  the  purpose. 

We  doubt  not  you  will  join  in  opinion  with  us  that  the  sooner  a  skillful 
Botanical  Gardener  is  engaged  the  better. 

We  are  Gentlemen,  Your  very  ready  Friends, 

Thos.  Cadwalader,  Thos.  Bond, 
William  Shippen,  John  Redman, 
John  Morgan. 
June  the  7th,  1774. 

537 


n  Botanical 

C;ar<len 

Abandoiifd. 


Scion  of  the 
Treaty  Elm. 


That  the  garden  was  allowed  to  fall  into  distise  seems  probable, 
The  idea  of  for  Dr.  Bond,  Jr.,  A.  D.  G.  of  the  Continental  Hospital,  July  22, 
1778,  agreed  with  the  Managers  for  the  renting  of  the  Klaboratory, 
but  no  further  mention  is  made  in  the  minutes  of  the  Botanical  Garden. 
It  is  ])resumable  that  experience  showed  that  tlie  jjroduction  from  this 
source  would  not  justify  the  expense  of  providing  a  gardener  exclu- 
sively for  the  care  of  medicinal  plants,  the  design  was  finally  aban- 
doned and  the  jilot  laid  out  in  flower  beds. 

All  the  engravings  of  the  Hospital  show  the  presence  of  large 
trees  around  the  buildings.  In  Mr.  Malin's  "  Some  Account  of  the 
Hospital,"  ])iiblished  in  1832,  it  is  said  that  it  is  surrounded  on  the 
borders  of  the  square  by  majestic  forest  trees,  which  he  stated  were 
'•  Button  wood,  or  Occidental  Plane,  trees,  the  largest  growth  of  the 
North  American  forest;  they  were  planted  in  the  year  1756  by  Hugh 
Roberts,  one  of  the  first  Managers  of  the  institution."  Within  the 
grounds,  attention  has  also  been  directed  to  the  setting  out  of  trees, 
under  the  shade  of  which  the  patients  were  permitted  to  rest,  or  take 
exercise  in  the  well  laid-out  garden.  Among  the  trees  most  deserving 
ot  notice  is  an  elm  which  has  an  interesting  history. 

The  minutes  of  the  Hosjiital, 
dated  May  26,  1810,  state  that 
"a  scion  from  the  root  of  a  tree 
called  the  Great  Kim  of  Kensington, 
said  to  have  been  the  same  tree  under 
which  William  I'enn,  the  projjrietor 
of  Pennsylvania,  held  the  first  treaty 
with  tlic  Indians,  was  ])resented  by 
.Matthew  N'anduzen,  and  i)lanted  by 
I'eter  Brown,  Eaq.,  near  the  centre  of 
the  westernmost  lot  belonging  to  the 
Hospital ;  for  which  Peter  Brown  is 
requested  to  return  to  Matthew  Van- 
duzen  the  thanks  of  the  Managers, 
and  to  procure  a  box  to  defend  it 
from  injury.  The  parent  tree  was 
blown  down  in  a  late  storm." 

The  "  westernmost "  lot  extended 
from  Ninth  to  Tenth  and  from  Spruce 
to  Pine  Streets.  When  Clinton  Street 
was  opened,  the  curb-line  required 
the  removal  of  the  historic  elm ; 
for  some  time  an  effort  was  made  to 


.'■;*!? 


538 


preserve  tlie  tree  by  paving  around  it,  but  finally,  in  1841,  it  was  cut 

down.     Then  it  was  that  Mr.  Charles  Roberts,  one  of  the  Managers,    The 

and  the  Steward,  Mr.   Malin,  secured  cuttings,  several  of  which  were   ^^^'^  ^ 

.  Elm. 

planted  within  the  grounds  now  included  in   the  Hos]>ital  inclosure. 

One  developed  into  the  now  magnificent  tree,  which  stands  only  a  few 
feet  distant  from  the  southeastern  end  of  the  new  Memorial  buildings. 
One  branch  which  at  first  grew  well,  was  subsequently  blown  down. 
Another  was  planted  in  the  grounds  surrounding  the  Insane  Depart- 
ment in  West  Philadelphia,  where  it  now  stands  a  well  grown  tree.  ^ 


*  Another  scion  of  the  Treaty  Elm  stands  iti  the  yard  surrounding  the  Friends' Meeting 
House  in  Twelfth  Street,  between  Market  an'i  Chestnut.  The  branches  of  this  beautiful  tree 
spread  themselves  out  to  the  roof  of  the  Meeting  House.  In  this  house,  under  the  branches 
of  this  elm,  a  few  years  ago,  a  meeting  was  held,  in  which  representati\  es  of  the  Sioux, 
Arapahoe,  Comanche  and  other  Western  Indians,  had  a  loving  council  with  the  Friends,  the 
descendants  and  brethren  in  faith  of  those  who  were  with  Penn,  two  hundred  years  ago, 
under  the  old  elm  at  Shackamaxon. 

When  the  Treaty  Elm  was  blown  down,  in  iSro,  it  was  determined  by  its  rings  that  it  was 
at  least  two  hundred  and  eighty-three  years  old.  During  the  Revolutionary  War,  when  the 
British  occupied  the  city  and  firewood  was  extremely  scarce,  the  Treaty  Tree  was  several 
times  in  danger  of  the  woodman's  axe,  but  was  saved  by  the  British  oflicers  on  account  of  its 
history.  General  Senicoe,  who  had  command  of  the  troops  at  one  time,  ordered  a  squad  of 
British  soldiers  to  protect  it  day  and  night.  When  the  tree  was  blown  down,  many  persons 
sought,  as  relics  pieces,  of  its  wood,  which  were  carved  into  chairs,  canes,  penholders,  and 
various  other  articles.  A  pitcher  was  also  made  out  of  its  wood,  which  was  regarded  at  tliat 
period  as  a  marvelous  piece  of  carving.  The  Philadelphia  Association  of  Coopers  purchased 
it  and  presented  the  relic  to  General  Jackson  after  the  battle  of  New  Orleans.  This  pitcher  is 
preserved,  with  other  objects  of  interest,  at  the  Hermitage  Museum  in  Teimessee. 

After  the  Treaty  Elm  was  blown  down,  no  effort  was  made  to  mark  the  spot  until  1827, 
when  an  association  of  citizens,  organized  for  the  commemoration  of  historical  subjects, 
connected  with  the  history  of  Pennsylvania,  and  called  the  Penn  Society,  was  formed.  The 
first  move  this  organization  made  was  to  obtain  the  right  of  placing  a  small  marble  monu- 
ment on  an  enclosure  of  ground  on  Beach  Street,  Kensington,  near  where  the  great  elm 
stood.  This  memorial  was  the  first  public  monument  erected  in  Philadelphia,  and  is,  there- 
fore, of  double  interest.  It  is  a  plain  block  of  marble,  upon  a  marble  base,  about  four  feet 
high  and  in  the  shape  of  a  truncated  pyratiiid,  sloping  from  the  base.  The  inscriptions  on 
the  stone  are  as  follows : 

On  the  North.  On  the  West. 


Treaty  Clrouml 

of 

Placed  by  the 

William  Penn 

Penn  Society, 

and  the 

A.  U.  1S27, 

Indian  Natives, 

To  Mark  the  Site 

1682. 

or  the  Great  Elm  Tree. 

T'nhroken  Faith. 

• 
William  IViHi. 

IV■Ilns^■lvania 

P.orn  1644. 

Founded  i6S: 
by 

Died  171S. 

Deeds  of  Peace. 

( >n  the  South. 


<  >ii  the  East. 


539 


Giiiiii  Malm 
a  Failhfiil 


Mr.  Malin  ciUi/rcil  the  institution  as  Clerk  March  29,  1.S24,  and 
William  remained  in  its  service  for  nearly  sixty  years.  At  the  expiration  of  this 
time,  on  account  of  his  advanced  age,  he  was  relieved  from  duty  by 
St  "■•"  1'  ^^*^  IJoard,  which,  in  consideration  of  his  faithful,  devoted,  and  long 
service  pensioned  him,  and  offered  him  a  home  in  the  hospital 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  died  of  pneumonia,  in  his 
ujKirtments  at  the  Hospital,  August  2,  1887.  When  he  first  came  to 
this  country  as  an  immigrant  from  England,  in  1823,  he  was  obliged 
to  work  as  driver  of  a  brewer's  wagon,  and  out  of  his  savings  he 
returned,  before  the  end  of  a  year,  to  his  parents,  his  passage- 
money  to  .\merica.  He  was  fortunate  in  finding  more  congenial 
occuiiation  in  the  Hosi)iial.      He  numbered  the  books  in  the  library 

and    made  a  catalogue,   which  he 
""  presented  to  the  Board  J.nnuary  26, 

1829,  and  it  was  ordered  published. 
In    September  of   the   same    year, 
it  was  issued,  together  with  an  intro- 
ductory  sketch,  also  ))repared  by 
him,  of  the  history  of  the  Medi- 
cal Library.     Two  years  later,  by 
direction    of    the    Managers,    Mr. 
.\lalin  compiled  a  small  work  enti- 
tled, "  Some  Account  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania    Hosjiital  ;     its     Origin, 
Objects,  and  Present  State,"  which 
was  also  published  by  the  Board.   In 
1840,  when  the  Department  for  the 
I  nsane  was  ojiened  in  West  Philadel- 
phia, he  was  a))pointed  Steward  and  assisted  in  organizing  the  new 
administration.     Nine  years  later,  he  was  made  Steward  and  practically 
Superintendent  of  the  Department  for  the  Sick  and   Injured,   which 
position  he  filled  until  1883,  when  he  was   retired   from  active  duty. 
.About  this  time,  he  was  complimented   by  having  a  dinner  given  in 
his  honor  by  the    Association  of   Ex- Resident   Physicians,   many  of 
whom  had  lieen  a.ssociated  with  him  during  his  long  service  in   the 
institution.     The  library  was  used  in  which  to  hold  the  banquet,  there 
were  flowers  and  speeches,  and  the  faithful  Steward  occupied  the  seat 
of  honor.     On  this  occasion,  a  life-size  portrait  of  Mr.  Malin  in  oil 
was  unveiled  and  formally  presented  to  the  Hospital  by  the  Associa- 
tion of  Ex-Resident  Physicians.     (See  also  page  102.) 

On  his  retirement  from  his  active  duties,  the  following  minute 
was  made  the  fact  and  the  action  of  the  Board  thereon  : 

540 


At  a  stated  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Pennsylvania   Hospital, 

held  2d  month,  26th,  1883,  the  following  was  unanimously  adopted  :  Action 

The  resignation  of  our  Steward,  William  G.  Malin,  of  his  ofTicial  connection  taken  by 

with  our  Institution,  which  was  continued  for  fifty-nine  years,  imposes  the  duty  the  Board  on 

which  we  freely  recognize,   of   placing  on  our  records  some  testimonial  of  our  Mr.  Malin's 

appreciation  of  his  services  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  during  the  long  period  resignation, 
through  which  those  services  were  rendered.     Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  while  we  have  accepted  the  resignation  of  our  friend  William 
G.  Malin,  which  he  has  felt  constrained  to  offer  by  reason  of  the  infirmities  of 
advancing  age,  we  accompany  that  acceptance  with  the  declaration  that  it  is 
difficult  to  over-estimate  the  value  to  this  Hospital  cf  his  intelligent,  assiduous 
and  faithful  discharge  of  all  the  duties  of  the  various  official  positions  which  he 
has  held  in  this  Institution  for  almost  three-score  years. 

Entering  the  service  of  this  Hospital  as  Clerk  in  3d  month,  1S24,  he  was,  on 
the  ist  of  4th  month,  1825,  elected  Librarian ;  and  on  the  ist  of  the  ist  month, 
1841,  to  the  office  of  Steward,  and  from  thenceforth  has  been  continually  re-elected 
to  the  latter  office.  During  all  this  period,  by  the  unanimous  judgment  of  all  the 
successive  members  of  this  Board,  as  also  of  the  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  who, 
from  time  to  time,  have  composed  our  staff,  and  under  whose  observations  his 
labors  in  this  Institution  have  been  rendered,  he  has  fulfilled  the  arduous  and 
unremitting  duties  of  his  position  to  their  entire  satisfaction,  and  has  impressed 
upon  every  one  concerned  for  the  welfare  of  the  Hospital,  the  profound  assurance 
that  all  his  dealings  have  been  characterized  by  the  most  scrupulous  integrity, 
and  the  most  sedulous  care  for  the  interest  of  our  Institution  and  its  inmates. 

Resolved,  That  we  deem  this  Institution  and  the  many  thousands  of  patients 
who  have  occupied  its  wards  while  its  Stewardship  was  in  the  hands  of  our 
friend,  William  G.  Malin,  very  fortunate  in  having  had  his  large  experience  and 
watchful  attention,  constantly  exercised  for  their  benefit :  and  we  recognize  and 
acknowledge  it  as  a  great  blessing  that  a  kind  Providence  has  prolonged  his  days, 
his  health  and  his  usefulness,  through  so  exceptionally  long  a  term. 

Resolved,  That  in  severing  the  official  relations  which  he  has  thus  so  long 
held,  to  this  Hospital,  our  friend  may  be  assured  that  he  possesses  the  confidence 
and  affectionate  regards  of  every  member  of  this  Board  ;  and  we  e.vpress  our 
sincere  desire  that  in  the  home  which  we  offer  him,  in  the  Hospital  for  whose 
prosperity  and  elficiency  he  so  long  and  well  labored,  he  will  find  all  the  comfort 
and  kind  consideration,  which  he  so  eminently  deserves. 

Resolved,  That  a  copy  of  the  foregoing  Preamble  and  Resolutions  be  engrossed, 
signed  by  the  President,  Treasurer,  and  all  the  Members  of  this  Board,  and  pre- 
sented to  William  G.  Malin. 

William  Malin,  the  grandfather  of  Mr.  Malin,  \va.s  a  resident  of  Blogra|>hical 
Preston    Capes,  Northamptonshire,    England,    where    his  son,   John   Sketch  of 
Malin,  was   born,   who  removed   to  Woodford   Halse,  and  married   ^'"';'"' 
Mary,  the  daughter  of  John  Giinn,  of  Banbury  ;  of  this  union  William 
G.  Malin  sprang,  a  scion  of  good  English  stock.     His   parents  were 
religious  and   of   Moravian    connection.       The  grandfather   on    the 
mother's  side  was  a  descendant  of  Olaf  Rolfson,  a  noted  Viking  and 
Vice  Jarl  under  the  Earl  of  Orkney  and  Caithness  ;   the  youngest  son 
of    the   adventurous  Norseman   was    named     C'unni    and   hence   the 

54' 


Gimti  Malin. 


surname  (Juiin  arose   in  the  family  that  claimed    through   its  founder 
Biographical  relationship  to    the    "  Lords  of  the    Isles"    and    "Kings  of  Man," 

Sketch  of  famous  in  story  and  song. 
_        ,,  '  William  (lunn  Malin  was  born  in  Woodford,  near  Byfield,  North- 

Gunn  .Malm,  '  ^  ' 

amptonshire,  Kngland,   November  7,  1801;  he  had  scant  schooling  at 

Eydon,  as  his  father  intended  to  e<|uip  him  for  no  higher  station  than 
that  of  market  carrier  to  Banbury  and  Deventry.  Being  impressed 
with  the  idea  that  he  was  destined  for  better  things,  he  took 
passage  in  a  sailing  ship,  the  "  Massasoit,"  for  Baltimore,  but  a  storm 
drove  the  vessel  into  the  port  of  Boston,  by  which  means  he  pro- 
videntially escaped  the  danger  of  yellow  fever  which  was  then  epidemic 
in  his  orginal  place  of  destination.  He  made  his  way  toGermantown, 
now  a  i)art  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  and  found  occupation  tempora- 
rily. A  year  later,  he  considered  himself  most  fortunate  in  receiving 
the  appointment  as  Clerk  and  subsequently  was  appointed  Librarian. 

His  handwriting  was  very  legible  and  so  regular  that  it  was  almost 
like  engraving.  Mr.  Malin  was  largely  self-educated  and  was  a 
modest  and  diligent  student.  He  loved  books,  especially  old  black- 
letter  English  volumes,  preferably  Bibles  and  works  relating  to  the 
history  of  the  Moravian  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  life-long  and  con- 
sistent member.  Much  of  his  leisure  time  was  occupied  in  poring 
over  his  choice  possessions,  which  included  works  in  Latin,  Danish, 
Dutch,  French,  German,  Italian,  with  which  he  made  so  much  pro- 
gress as  to  be  able  to  translate  the  portions  in  which  he  took  the  most 
interest.  .\t  his  death,  he  bequeathed  his  library  in  trust  for  the 
Moravian  Church,  at  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,  and  it  was  regarded 
as  a  particularly  valuable  collection,  since  it  possessed  unique  copies 
and  rare  works  on  the  early  history  of  the  Church,  the  fruit  of  many 
years'  patient  studying  of  catalogues  and  correspondence  with  dealers 
in  all  parts  of  the  world  and,  the  expenditure  of  money  which  cost 
much  self-denial  to  save.  As  a  result  of  his  wide  reading,  Mr.  Malin 
was  a  well-informed  man  and,  although  he  did  not  seek  conversation, 
being  rather  reserved  in  his  manner,  yet  he  showed  by  his  remarks 
that  he  had  good  judgment  and  possessed  a  mind  conversant  with  a 
multitude  of  sul)jects  in  art,  literature,  and  popular  sciences. 

In  his  intercourse  with  Managers  and  Physicians  he  was  always 
most  courteous,  cheerful,  and  cordial  in  his  manner.  His  long 
association  with  the  physicians  of  the  institution  was  unmarred  by  any 
unjjleasantness,  in  fact,  in  consequence  of  his  uniform  amiability  of 
demeanor,  many  of  the  residents  and  members  of  the  Medical  Staff 
became  his  life-long,  cherished  friends.  Mr.  Malin,  soon  after  his 
transfer  to  the  Pine  Street  Hospital  in  1849,  married  a  lady  who  had 

542 


formerly  been  an  inmate  of  the  institution  ;  but  she  died  in  a  little 
over  a  year  afterwards  and  without  offspring;  he  did  not  marry  a 
second  time. 

Although  Mr.  Malin's  tastes  did  not  incline  towards  medical 
studies,  he  showed  great  interest  in  the  treatment  of  the  insane.  As 
the  result  of  his  observations,  he  presented  to  the  Board  of  Managers, 
in  1828,  an  article  on  the  necessity  of  providing  a  separate  asylum  for 
the  insane  ;  and  again,  in  1834,  a  paper  on  employment  of  the  insane. 
Mr.  Malin's  views  possessed  so  much  originality  and  force  as  to  lead 
the  State  Committee  on  Lunacy  to  publish  these  papers  in  its  annual 
report  for  the  year  1884.  Copious  extracts  have  also  been  made  from 
these  papers  on  another  page  of  this  history.     (See  page  154). 

Mr.  Malin  was  buried  August  5,  1887,  in  the  Woodlands  Ceme- 
tery, Philadelphia,  and  his  collection  of  historical  and  Bohemian 
books  have  a  permanent  resting  place  in  the  library  of  the  Moravian 
Brethren's  Church,  at  Bethlehem.  His  portrait  is  in  the  hall  of  the 
Hospital,  just  at  the  entrance  of  the  office  where  he  lived  for  so 
many  years. 

APOTHECARIES. 


Jonathan  Roberts  .   .   . 

John  More;an 

John  Bona 

James  Ashton  Bayard  . 
George  Weed,  M.  D.*  . 

John  Davis 

Robert  Slade,  M  D.*  . 
William  Smith,  M  D.  . 
Thomas  Boulter  .  .  . 
James  Hutchison  .  . 
James  Dunlap     .   .   .   . 

John  Story* 

Peter  V'arnall,  M.  D.  . 
Gustavus  F   Kielnian 


When  Elected      !  Resigned 


Dec. 

May 

May 

May 

May 

Oct. 

May 

May 

March 

May 

June 

June 

Feb. 

June 


James  Hartley     i  Dec. 


Nicholas  B.  Waters  . 
(Medical  Apprentices)!  . 
Graham  Hoskins   .... 

Robert  Harris     

Samuel  C.  Sheppard  .  . 
Newberry  Smith.  Jr.  .  . 
Franklin  R.  Smith     .   .   . 

John  Conrad 

Jacob  K.  Hecker    .   . 
Charles  Wirgman      .    .   . 
Jacob  K.  Hecker    .... 
Benjamin  Shoemaker,  Jr. 
Joseph  V.  Taylor  .... 


May 

July 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

March 

April 

May 

July 

Sept. 

Oct. 

March 

Feb. 


7.  1752  • 

19. '755  ■ 
6,  17.56  ■ 
17.  175S  ■ 
14,  1760  . 
26,  1767  . 
30.  176S  ■ 

16.  1770  . 
12.  1773  ■ 

17.  1773  ■ 
17.  1775  ■ 
17,  1776  . 
28,  1780  . 

30,  1781  . 

31,  17.S2  . 
II,  17S4  . 

30,  17S7  . 
17,  1S21  . 
17,  1*^23  . 
26,  1824  . 
28,  1825  . 

2,  1K29  . 

9.  '831  . 

25, 1870 . 
28,  1874  . 
30, 1876 . 

31,  1884  . 
23, 1891 . 


May 

May 
May 
May 
Oct. 
May 
July 


March  17 

May  17 

June  17, 

June  17, 

Feb.  28, 

June  30, 

Dec.  I. 

May  II, 

July  30, 

Feb.  17, 

Feb.  17, 

Jan.  26. 

March  28, 

April  2, 

May  9, 

May  30, 

Sept.  28, 

Oct.  30, 

March  -^i, 

Feb.  23, 
In  office    . 


1755 

■756 
■758 
1759 
1767 
1768 
1769 
1773 
1773 
177.S 
1770 
1780 

■7-1 

1782 
1784 
1787 
1821 
1823 
1824 
■  82s 
1829 
1831 
1870 
1874 
1876 
I^84 
1891 


Term  of  Ser\'ice 


Year    Mo.     Day 


3 
33 


39 

4 


17 
II 
23 


4 
J4 


«9 
•7 


*  Also  served  as  Stewards. 

t  From  1787  to  1821,  the  Medical  Apprentices  acted  as  Apothecaries. 


543 


STEWARDS. 


Names 


J  nnalliaii  Norton Oct.  13.1737 

M;ilthcw  Taylor     .......     Nov.  29,1758 

Kl:/;ihclli  GartlneriMalron)     .    .     Nov.  27,  1759 

<;iorKe  Weed,  M.  D.* May  14,1760 

Marv  Ball  (Matron) Oct.  27,  1767 

kol>crt  Sl.ide,  M.  l>.*t May  30,1768 

Siirah  Harlan  ^Matron) July  14,1769 

William  Smith,  M.D May  16,1770 

John  Saxton Feb.  24,1773 

John  Story* '\  Feb.  27,  1776 

Joseph  llcnszey     Feb.  26,  17S0 

l-'raticis  lllKgins I  Jan.  30t '796 

William  Johnston j  Nov.  11,1803 

Francis  II ig:Kinst .  !  Aug.  11,1808 

S.imuel  Mason I  Feb.  17,  1813 

Isaac  Hnnsall March  13,  1826 

Allen  Clapp ,  Oct.  11,  1839 

William  G   Malinf I  May  8,18.19 

Kichard  Cadbury |  April  1,1883 

Hcniamin  lloopes i  Nov.  29,  1886 

J<>iiath:in  (>.  Williams      [Aug.  31.  1S91 


RcsiKiie  1 

Term  of  Service 

Year 

Mo    I  Day 

Nov.       29   1759 
Nov.      27,  I7S9 
May       14, 1760 
Del.       27, 1767 
May       30, 1768 
July       14,1769 
May       16,  1770 
March  17,  1773 
Feb.       27,  1776 
Feb.       26, 1780 
Jan.       3o>  >796 
Nov.      11,1803 
Aug.      ii,ilio8 
Frb.        4, 1R13 
March  13,  1H26 
Oct.       n,  i8;o 
March  25,  1849 
March  29, 1S83 
Oct.       28,  1886 
AuR.      31,  1891 
In  office     .    .    . 

I 
■ 

■ 

S 

S 

7 

1 

10 
10 

■  ■  ■ 

Iti 

17 
'.1 
i 
'4 

3 
1 

3 

•    * 

7 
I 

a 
3 
4 

"5 
7 
4 
4 

■  3 
4 

IS 

33 
3 
4 

■  I 
9 
9 
5 

•  '   6' 

5 
10 
6 
9 

28 
15 
21 

2 

•  Also  acted  as  Apothecaries, 
t  Died. 


Names 


MATRONS. 


Term  ol  Service 


Elizabeth  Gardner* 

Esther  Weedt 

Mary  Ball* 

Sarah  Harlan 't 

Sophia  Saxton 

Mary  Story 

Deborah  Henszeyt 

Mary  Falconer 

Ann  Henszcy 

Hannah  Hif^gins 

Abigail  Johnston Nov 

Hannah  Hij^gins Aug 

Mary  Mason Feb. 

Ann  Honsallt March 

MarRarel  Clappt Sept. 

Margaret  Robinson March    ii, 

Elizahelh  Ctapp     June       29, 

Etizaheth  Hooton May 

Harriet  P.  Smith May 

Mary  D.  Sharpless  J Sept 

Anna  M.  Morris     ,  Ju'y 

Adelai'le  S.  Thomas Dec. 

Rebecca  B.  Brown i  June 

E.  Josephine  Crossthwaite    ...    June 

Rachel  A.  Bunting Jan. 

Kuth  A.  Cassidy April 

Mary  R.  Satterthwaite Jan 


*  .^cted  at  times  also  as  Stewards.  f  Died. 

J  On  account  ol  faithful  service,  the  Managers  voted  her  a  home  for  life. 


544 


SOME  REMINISCENCES. 

For  a  number  of  years,  while  Captain  George  Taylor   was  gate-    The  Gate- 
keeper, he  kept  a  large  white  parrot,  which  greeted  every  visitor  with   keeper  and 
a  "  How  d'ye  do?"  or  "Good-by."     The  students  often  stopped  to   his  bird 

''  C'rocicic  '* 

speak  to  the  parrot  and  taught  it  some  phrases  which  it  learned  to  use 
very  appropriately.  One  sentence,  which  referred  to  the  janitor's 
habits  of  over-indulgence  in  spirits,  nearly  had  serious  consequences, 
because  the  Captain,  overhearing  the  personal  comment  of  the  bird 
that  "  the  old  man's  full  again,"  chased  the  culprit  around  the  garden 
until  he  caught  it  and  then  handled  it  so  roughly  that,  in  consequence, 
it  lost  the  sight  of  one  of  its  eyes.  The  following  short  sketch  will 
interest  those  who  remember  the  old  gatekeeper  and  his  companion. 

"  Crockie"  was  a  large,  white,  Australian  cockatoo,  with  a  sulphur 
yellow  crest.  It  was  brought  to  the  Hospital  by  Cajstain  Taylor  in  1849 
and  for  over  thirty  years  was  a  conspicuous  feature  at  the  gate-house. 
On  the  death  of  its  owner,  which  occurred  about  1879,  ^^  ^'^  ^^^^ 
to  a  dealer,  who,  two  years  later,  disposed  of  it  to  Mr.  Cox,  of  Ger- 
mantown,  who  purchased  the  parrot  on  account  of  its  historical  asso- 
ciations. Mr.  Cox  presented  it  to  the  Philadelphia  Zoological  Garden, 
where  it  died,  in  March,  1S92,  at  the  estimated  age  of  more  than  ninety 

545 


years.  This  bird  liad  unusual  i)0\vers  of  articulation  and  a  sufficient 
GatekeeocT's  """''I'C''  of  jjhrases  at  ils  command  to  make  it  a  very  amusing 
pets,  companion  for  the  old  gate-keeper,  and  it  retained  its  conversational 
attainments  up  to  the  last.  Crockie  was  emotional  and  indulged  in 
hearty  fits  of  laughter,  but  as  soon  as  any  one  of  his  audience  joined 
in  the  merriment,  he  would  burst  out  into  a  torrent  of  abuse,  with 
violent  screaming  and  croaking  and  (lapping  of  his  wings. 

Captain  Taylor  was  succeeded  by  Alexander  McConaghy,  who 
kept  a  mocking-bird,  a  tame  squirrel  and  other  pets  at  various  times, 
which  greatly  interested  visitors  and  especially  the  children,  of  whom 
the  old  man  is  still  very  fond.  Alexander  was  formerly  a  jiatient  and 
had  a  leg  am]nitated  at  this  hospital  which  precluded  him  from 
more  active  employment.  He  is  now  an  invalid  and  a  permanent 
resident  in  the  Hospital,  by  invitation  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  in 
recognition  of  his  many  years  of  faithful  service. 


On   October   25,    1763,   John    Reynell,  the  Treasurer,   reported 
that  he  had  received  a  letter  from   Klias  Bland,  of  London,  dated 
July  1 2th,  in  which  he  wrote: 
The  first  Fire  "I  have  put  on  Board  the  Brittania,  Captain  Simble,  a  small  fire  Engine,  which 

Appar.itus.  plea.se  to  present  in  my  Name  to  the  Managers  of  the  Pennsylva.  Hospital,  shall 
be  pleased  to  hear  it  delivered  in  good  order  &  works  well  the  person  who  had 
the  fitting  it  for  Service  Desires  the  inclosed  directions  may  be  regarded." 

On  May  30,  1791,  the  Steward  was  directed  to  have  "the  fire 
engine  played  every  month  at  the  meetings  of  the  Board." 

546 


After  the  Managers  had  purchased  additional  ground  to  the  east, 
south  and  west,  it  was  agreed,  September  27,  1813,  to 

permit  the  Washington  Fire  Engine  Co.  to  erect  an  Engine  House  on  the  north  Ground 

side  of  the  Western  vacant  Lot.     Samuel  W.   Fisher  is  requested  to  prepare  a  leased  to  the 

Lease  for  one  Year  stipulating  the  Payment  of  a  small  sum  as  an  Acknowledge-  Washington 

ment  of  their  tenancy.  Fire 

It  was  thought  that  the  proximity  of  the  Fire  Company  would  be      "'"''    *" 
an  additional  protection  in  case  of  fire  in  the  Hospital,  though  every 
precaution  was  taken  against  accident,  as  the  following  minute  shows: 

As  great  danger  to  the  Buildings  &  to  the  lives  of  the  Patients  S:  others  may  Precautions 
be  apprehended  from  the  unseasonable  use  of  lights  and  fires  within  the  hospital,  against  Fire. 
it  is  hereby,  Feb.  28,  1814,  made  the  Special  Duty  of  the  Watchman  &  he  is 
strictly  enjoined  to  extinguish  all  the  lights  and  fires  every  evening  on  com- 
mencing his  rounds.  And  to  take  care  that  none  be  permitted  during  the 
remaining  part  of  the  night  e.tcept  such  as  shall  be  Authorized  for  the  Accommo- 
dation of  the  Sick,  the  Attendants  on  the  dead  or  such  as  may  be  necessary  in 
the  Apothecary's  Shop  for  the  Use  of  the  Resident  Physician  and  the  Apprentices 
of  the  House. 

The  only  fire,'  which  ever  happened  and  threatened  to  be  serious, 
was  on  the  night  of  January  9,  1834;  the  record  states: 

About  one  o'clock  last  midnight  a  fire  occurred  in  the  South-west  room, 
which  was  providentially  extinguished  without  injury  of  any  of  the  |)alients  or 
much  damage  to  the  Building. 

The  adjustments  of  the  losses  with  the  Hand-in-Hand  and  Green 
Tree  Insurance  Companies  were  satisfactorily  completed  in  due  time. 
The  cause  of  this  fire  was  not  stated  on  the  minutes,  but  it  may  have 
been  caused  by  defects  in  the  heating  apparatus. 

'  On  October  27,  1766,  there  was  a  chimney-fire,  which,  however,  did  no  damage,  but 
which  led  to  the  adoption  of  precautions  to  prevent  such  an  accident  from  again  occurring. 


347 


RULES    AND    REGULATIONS   OF    THE    PENNSYLVANIA 

HOSPITAL. 

DEPARTMENT  FOR  THE  SICK  AND  INJURED. 

Attending  Physicians  and  Sirgeons. — i.  The  medical  practitioners 
■chosen  to  serve  this  Hospital  shall  be  classed  with  each  other,  and  give  their 
attendance  at  such  seasons  as  shall  be  concluded  and  agreed  upon  by  themselves, 
with  the  sanction  of  the  Managers. 

2.  The  Physicians  and  Surgeons  on  duty  shall  visit  their  respective  wards 
daily  from  9  to  12  o'clock  in  the  forenoon;  and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties,  and  the  two  Surgeons 
simultaneously  on  duty  shall  take  charge  of  separate  wards  as  follows :  one 
taking  the  Lower  Surgical  Ward  and  the  Women's  Surgical  Ward,  and  the  other 
the  Upper  Surgical  Ward. 

They  may  also  on  the  Fourth  and  Seventh  day  (Wednesday  and  Saturday) 
of  every  week  from  10  to  12  o'clock  A.  M.,  deliver  clinical  lectures  to  such  students 
of  medicine  as  may  have  acquired  the  right  to  attend  them. 

3.  The  clinical  lectures  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  shall  be  free  to  all 
students  of  medicine. 

4.  Except  in  cases  of  emergency,  no  important  surgical  operation  shall  be 
performed  without  a  previous  consultation,  of  which  all  the  Surgeons  shall  have 
due  notice. 

5.  The  Physicians  and  Surgeons  shall  have  power  to  establish  rules  for  the 
regulation  of  their  respective  wards,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Managers,  to 
be  framed  and  hung  up  therein. 

6.  No  Surgeon  or  Physician,  without  the  consent  of  the  Attending  Managers, 
•shall  be  entitled  to  contract  any  debt  or  liability  against  or  in  the  name  of  the 

Hospital,  for  any  surgical,  medical,  or  mechanical  supplies  for  the  treatment  or 
relief  of  any  patient. 

7.  During  the  temporary  absence  of  either  the  Attending  Physician  or 
Surgeon,  he  may  appoint  one  of  the  Out-Patient  Physicians  or  Surgeons,  who 
shall  during  his  absence  have  charge  of  the  ward  and  perform  all  the  duties  per- 
taining to  the  office  of  the  Attending  Physician  or  Surgeon,  save  the  performing 
of  important  operations  when  the  services  of  any  of  the  Attending  Surgeons  can 
be  obtained,  except  in  great  emergencies.  When  the  absence  is  to  be  a  pro- 
longed one,  the  Out-Patient  Physician  or  Surgeon  so  appointed  shall  be  a  substi- 
tute for  the  absentee,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Attending  Managers. 

8.  All  professional  services  in  the  Hospital  shall  be  gratuitous  and  any  phy- 
sician or  surgeon  accepting  an  appointment  upon  the  staff  shall  thereby  waive  all 
claim  for  compensation  in  money  and  perform  his  duty  as  a  charity  to  the  sick 
and  disabled  patients  under  his  care,  and  for  the  advancement  of  medical  and 
surgical  science. 

549 


9-  Till-  nitnibcrs  of  the  Surgical  Staff  arc  iiistruclid  to  restrict  tlit  assistants 
to  he  employed  in  tlie  operations  conducted,  either  in  the  Wards,  or  Lectiiri'-room 
of  this  Hospital,  to  the  Jiesidetils  regularly  elected  for  service  therein. 

Resident  Physicians. — i.  Candidates  for  the  office  must  be  graduates  of 
medicine  at  the  time  of  their  application. 

2.  All  the  Resident  Physicians  who  shall  hereafter  be  elected  for  ther  services 
in  this  Hospital  shall  be  deemed  to  hold  their  original  election  on  probation  for  a 
period  of  two  months,  and,  only  alter  a  vote  of  the  Board  confirniinK  their  election 
at  and  after  the  e.xpiration  of  such  probationary  )>eriods,  shall  their  election  for 
the  full  term  provided  by  the  Rules  of  the  Hos|)ital  be  held  to  be  complete. 
Such  probationary  term,  however,  to  be  considered  a  portion  of  their  term,  if  so 
confirmed. 

3.  The  Resident  Physicians  shall  have  charge  alternately  of  the  medical  and 
surgical  wards,  for  such  periods,  and  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  agreed  upon  by 
the  physicians  and  surgeons,  and  approved  by  the  Managers.  They  shall  regu- 
larly visit  the  patients  under  their  charge,  every  morning  and  evening,  and  to  the 
best  of  their  skill  administer  to  their  relief.  They  shall  accompany  the  attending 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  their  daily  visits,  report  to  them  all  new  cases  which 
may  have  been  admitted  in  their  absence,  and  regulate  the  practice  according  to 
their  orders  ;  and  (permission  of  the  friends  of  the  decedent  being  first  obtained) 
make  such  autopsies  as  may  be  desired. 

4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Resident  Surgeons  to  see,  as  soon  as  practicable, 
every  case  of  accidental  injury,  applying  for  admission  to  their  respective  wards, 
and  in  no  case  to  act  on  the  representation  of  a  nurse  or  other  subordinate.  And 
if  admission  is  unnecessary,  or  the  patient  refuses  to  remain,  the  Resident  is 
expected  to  administer  to  the  immediate  exigencies  of  the  case  before  he  dis- 
misses it,  and  shall  keep  a  record  thereof.  And  when  cases  are  sent  from  the 
wards  of  the  Hospital  to  the  Out-Patient  Department  for  treatment,  the  diagnosis 
shall  accompany  each  case  signed  l>y  the  Resident  Physician. 

5.  No  case  of  fracture  shall  be  treated  by  the  Resident  Physician  unless  such 
patient  shall  be  willing  to  remain  in  the  Hospital  until  the  case  be  examined  by 
the  attending  Surgeon  at  his  next  visit,  who  shall  decide  whether  such  case 
shall  remain  in  the  Hospital  or  be  transferred  to  the  Out-Patient  Department. 

6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Resident  Physician  before  retiring  for  the  night 
to  visit  such  patients  as  may  require  special  care  through  the  night,  and  give 
instructions  in  reference  to  the  care  of  the  patients  to  the  nurse  in  charge  at  the 
bed-side.     The  visits  to  be  made  before  10.30  i'.  M. 

7.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Resident  Physicians  on  being  called  by  the  male 
nurse,  watchman  or  other  messenger,  to  go  at  once  to  the  point  where  his  medical 
aid  is  required,  and  no  female  nurse  shall  he  expected  personally  to  summon  a 
Resident  Physician  from  his  room  between  the  hours  of  10  P.  M.  and  6  A.  M. 

8.  They  shall  also  make  written  records  of  all  circumstances  attending  the 
cases  of  those  admitted  into  the  Hospital,  according  to  the  form  prescribed  by 
the  Attending  Physicians  and  Surgeons  and  approved  by  the  Board,  which  shall 
be  carefully  preserved  by  the  Hospital  Clerk  for  future  reference  and  additional 
record.  And  the  same  when  made  shall  belong  exclusively  to  this  Hospital  and 
be  bound  in  proper  books  or  files  to  be  furnished  by  the  Steward,  and  they  shall 
report  every  operation  performed  in  the  Hospital,  within  one  week  thereafter. 

9.  They  shall  promptly  report  to  the  Steward  or  Head  Nurse,  all  instances 
of  neglect  of  duty. 

10.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Resident  Physicians  to  report  to  the  Clerk,  as. 
soon  as  practicable  after  admission,  the  name,  age,  diagnosis,  place  of  nativity. 


occupation,    and   social   state   {single,    married,  or   widowed)   of   every  patient 
admitted  into  their  respective  wards. 

11.  It  sliall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  Residents  to  write,  legibly,  the  diagnosis 
of  each  case  on  the  admission  card  suspended  over  the  bed  of  the  patient,  as 
soon  after  admission  as  practicable. 

12.  The  Senior  Resident  who  has  charge  of  the  Lower  Surgical  Wards  shall 
have  the  instruments  kept  in  order  and  be  accountable  therefor  during  his  term 
of  service.  He  shall  preserve  an  inventory  of  them,  which,  together  with  the 
instruments,  he  shall  deliver  to  his  successor.  No  instrument  of  any  kind  is  to 
be  loaned  to  any  one  without  the  written  order  of  the  Attending  Surgeon  on 
duty,  and  a  record  of  such  loans  shall  be  pre.served. 

13.  There  shall  at  all  times  be,  on  the  premises  of  the  Hospital,  two  of  the 
Resident  Physicians,  one  in  the  Medical  and  one  in  the  Surgical  Wards. 

14.  No  Resident  shall  engage  in  the  teaching  or  practice  of  his  profession,  or 
in  any  other  occupation  out  of  the  Hospital,  nor  shall  he  charge  or  receive  a  fee 
for  attending  patients  therein,  while  acting  as  Resident  Physician  thereof 

15.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  Resident  Physician  to  notify  the  Curator  and 
Pathologist  of  e\ery  post-mortem  examination  he  makes.  When  the  exigencies 
of  the  case  do  not  allow  of  notice  being  sent  beforehand,  the  Resident  Physician 
must,  in  all  cases,  send  such  notice  at  the  earliest  practicable  moment  sub- 
sequently. 

16.  The  Resident  Physicians  shall  hand  to  the  Clerk  within  one  week  after 
the  discharge  of  each  patient,  the  complete  history  of  the  case. 

17.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  Resident  to  preserve  all  desirable  specimens, 
taken  post-mortem  or  otherwise,  from  the  patients  under  his  care,  and  hand 
them,  properly  laljeled,  to  the  Curator. 

18.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Resident  Physicians  to  add  to  the  notes  of 
their  cases,  the  record  of  the  post-mortem  e.\aminations  that  have  been  made 
by  the  Pathologist,  wliich  must  be  given  to  the  Resident  Physicians  by  him  in  all 
such  cases. 

19.  The  Physician  or  Surgeon  on  duty  shall  have  the  power  of  appointing  a 
substitute  for  a  Resident  who  may  be  unable  to  attend  to  his  duties  from  sickness 
or  absence,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Attending  Managers ;  such  appoint- 
ment and  its  approval  in  all  cases  to  be  entered  on  the  minutes  of  the  latter. 

20.  Only  those  Resident  Physicians  who  have  been  elected,  and  have  served 
for  the  full  term  of  twenty  months,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Board,  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  certificates.' 

21.  At  Clinical  Lectures,  and  at  other  times,  when  important  Surgical  Opera- 
tions are  to  be  performed,  the  Operating  Surgeon  shall  have  command  of  the 
services  of  the  Surgical  Residents  and  also,  if  necessary,  of  those  of  the  Medical 
Residents,  when  their  services  are  not  required  by  the  Physician  on  duty. 

The  respective  duties  of  the  Residents  at  such  times  are  to  be  regulated  by 
the  Surgeon. 

22.  The  two  Senior  Residents  may  deliver  a  course  of  lectures  on  medical  and 
surgical  nursing  before  the  female  nurses,  during  the  winter  months. 

23.  The  followMng  shall  be  the  method  of  sending  for  the  Surgeons  in  cases  of 
emergency  : 

A  note  briefly  describing  the  nature  of  the  case  shall  be  sent  by  the  Resident, 
under    whose    care   it   comes,    to  the   Surgeon   on  duty.     Three  other    notes. 


'  This  rule  was  adopted  in  1S87 ;  since  that  date  the  number  of  Residents  has  been  increased. 
The  term  of  service  is  now  twenty-four  months,  the  first  four  months  of  which  must  be 
passed  in  the  Male  Department  for  the  Insane. 


adtlressud  respcctivily  i<>  tin-  iillui  Siir^i^^iis  and  iiiili)Siil  in  cnvi-lopes  witli  the 
Hospital  imprint  on  tlitin,  shall  he-  si-nt  witli  the  first  note  in  order  that  the  Sur- 
geon niav  at  once  use  both  them  and  the  messenKer  to  call  a  consultation,  if  he 
considers  it  necessary  to  do  so.  At  any  ordinary  absence  of  the  Surgeon,  in 
whose  ward  the  case  has  occurred,  the  messenger  must  be  instructed  to  leave  the 
note  ;  but  if  he  .iscertains  that  the  absence  is  to  be  a  prolonged  one,  the  notes 
must  go  to  the'other  Surgeon  on  duty.' 

The  same  course  must  be  observed  towards  the  Physician,  as  to  notes,  should 
a  case  of  emergency  arise  in  the  medical  wards. 

24.  The  Residents  shall  not  publish  reports  of  cases,  nor  e.xhibit  pathological 
specimens  at  meetings  of  societies,  xvithout  previously  obtaining  the  consent  of 
the  Physician  or  Surgeon  under  whose  care  the  cases  have  been  treated. 

IxsTRfMENT  M.VKKR.— The  Instrument  Maker  shall  visit  the  Hospital  on 
Fourth  and  Seventh  days,  at  12  o'clock,  and  more  frequently  if  desired  by  the 
Surgeon  on  duty.  Me  shall  e.Kamine  the  condition  of  all  the  instruments  and  do 
all  the  necessary  repairs,  and  shall  he  held  responsible  for  the  instrmnents always 
being  in  proper  order. 

After  the  removal  of  any  instrument  or  instriniients  from  the  case,  whether 
used  or  not,  they  shall  not  be  returned,  but  placed  in  the  case  appropriated  for 
their  temporary  reception,  and  in  no  instance  shall  an  instrunieiit  be  returned  to 
the  case  by  any  one  except  the  instrument  maker,  wlio  shall  first  carefully  examine 
each  instrument  which  has  been  removed  since  liis  previous  visit,  and,  after  any 
necessary  repairs,  he  shall  then  return  the  instruments  ti>  their  proper  places. 

The  Resident  in  charge  of  the  Lower  Surgical  Ward  shall  have  charge  of  the 
instruments,  and  except  in  extreme  cases,  no  loan  of  instruments  shall  be  made 
to  any  one  but  the  Physicians  or  Surgeons  of  the  House,  and  in  any  such  case  the 
instruments  must  be  returned  within  forty-eight  hours.  A  record  of  any  instru- 
ment so  loaned  shall  be  kept  in  the  same  manner  as  is  done  with  books  loaned 
from  the  Mediial  Library,  and  on  its  return,  the  same  shall  be  noteil  on  the 
record . 

The  Instrument  Maker  shall,  at  his  regular  visit,  register  in  a  book  kept  for 
that  purpose,  a  description  of  such  instruments  as  are  missing  from  the  case  and 
not  accounted  for  in  the  record  of  loaned  instruments,  and  make  such  report  to 
the  Senior  Resident  Surgeon,  whose  iliitv-  it  shall  be  to  inquire  at  once  as  to  the 
cause  of  their  absence.' 

Patholoijicai.  MisKf.M. — .Ml  specimens,  pathological  or  normal,  which 
occur  in  the  practice  of  the  Hospital,  both  surgical  and  medical,  from  posltiiorlem 
examination  or  otherwise,  which  may  be  deemed  worthy  of  preservation  by  the 
Curator,  shall  be  considered  the  property  of  the  Hospital  and  be  deposited  in  the 
Museum. 

The  Curator,  with  the  sanction  of  the  Committee,  shall  be  furnished  with 
such  necessary  implements,  from  time  to  timf,  for  the  Museum,  as  may  be 
required.  The  Steward  shall  be  authorized  to  pay  all  bills,  consequent  upon  the 
formation  of  the  Museum,  which  have  been  previously  approved  by  a  member  of 
the  Committee.  The  Steward  shall  allow  an  assistant  to  aid  the  Cur.itor  at  such 
times  as  may  be  requireil. 

Curator. — i.  The  Curator  shall  have  entire  charge  of  all  the  specimens 
belonging  to  or  deposited  in  the  Museum,  and  he  shall  be  responsible  for  the 
same. 


'  Since  1882,  the  Surgeons  have  been  nutified  by  telephone. 

'  At  present,  the  Clinic  Nurse  has  charge  of  the  instruments  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Senior  Resident  Physician. 


2.  He  shall  keep  a  register  in  which  the  history  of  all  the  specimens  shall  be 
recorded,  together  with  a  catalogue  of  the  same. 

3.  It  shall  l)e  the  duty  of  the  Curator  to  have  mounted  all  the  specimens, 
either  as  wet  or  as  dried  preparations,  as  the  case  may  recjuire. 

4.  The  Curator  shall  have  notice  given  him  by  the  Resident  Physicians  of 
e\ery  posl-niorlciii  examination  made  in  the  Hosi)ital,  so  that  he  may  be  present 
at  such  e.xaminations  and  judge  what  specimens  may  be  interesting  for  the 
museum.  A  description  and  history  of  all  such  specimens  shall  be  recorded  as 
far  as  practicable  and  a  report  of  them  be  laid  annually  before  the  Board  of 
Managers  by  the  Curator,  as  well  as  any  other  information  connected  with  this 
department. 

5.  The  presence  on  the  occasion  of  f>ost-motle»i  examinations  of  any  others 
than  those  upon  whom  official  duty  is  devolved  by  the  rules  of  the  Hospital,  and 
necessary  attendant,  will  not  be  allowed. 

ApoTHEc.VKV. — I.  He  shall  reside  in  the  Hospital  and  perform  all  the 
duties  appertaining  to  his  department.  He  shall  regularly  preserve  every  pre- 
scription of  the  physician  ;  and  no  medicine  or  other  article  shall  be  delivered  by 
him  to  any  person,  unless  prescribed  in  due  form. 

2.  He  shall  keep  records  of  all  medicines  purcliased  by  direction  of  the 
Committee. 

3.  He  shall  keep  a  Meteorological  record  noting  the  measurement  of  the 
thermometer,  barometer,  and  other  meteorological  instruments  at  stated  times  of 
each  day. 

4.  He  shall  not  absent  himself  from  the  Hospital  without  notifying  the 
Steward,  and  having  his  place  supplied  by  one  of  the  Resident  Physicians,  or 
such  other  persons  as  shall  be  approved  by  the  Committee,  nor  shall  he  permit 
patients  or  others  (except  officers  of  the  Institution )  to  occup>'  the  shop. 

Ci.ERK  AND  LiBR.\KiAN.  I.  He  shall  prepare  the  monthly,  annual,  and  other 
accounts;  and  generally  perform  such  duties  as  appertain  to  his  office,  or  may  be' 
assigned  to  him  by  the  Managers  or  Steward. 

2.  He  shall  have  the  care  of  the  Medical  Library,  subject  to  the  rules  for  the 
management  thereof. 

3.  He  shall  receive  from  the  Resident  Physician  a  history  of  each  case,  and 
report  to  the  Board  at  its  monthly  meeting  the  number  of  cases  whose  record  is 
reported,  and  the  number  of  whom  no  report  has  been  made,  designating  those 
in  whose  charge  the  rejiorts  are  deficient. 

Out-Patient  Department. — i.  There  shall  be  four  Physicians  and  five 
.Surgeons  elected  for  the  Department,  one  of  each  being  on  duty. 

2.  The  Medical  service  shall  be  from  11  to  12  o'clock  daily.  The  Surgical  ser- 
vice shall  be  from  10  to  11  o'clock  daily.  The  Eye  and  Ear  service  shall  be  on 
Third,  Fifth  and  Seventh  day  from  2  to  3  o'clock  p.  M.  The  Throat  and  Nose  service 
shall  be  on  Third,  Fifth  and  Seventh  day  from  2  to  3  o'clock  p.  m.  The  Orthopaedic 
service  shall  be  on  Second,  p'ourth  and  Sixth  day  from  12  to  i  p.  m.  The  Gynte- 
cological  service  sliall  be  from  12  to  i  o'clock  daily.  The  Mental  and  Nervous 
diseases  service  shall  be  on  Second  day  and  on  Sixth  day,  from  3  to  4  o'clock  p.  m., 
and  shall  be  conducted  by  the  Assistant  Physicians  of  the  Hospitals  for  the 
Insane. 

3.  The  Physicians  and  Surgeons  shall  have  the  charge  of,  and  prescribe  for, 
all  patients  applving  at  the  Out-Patient  Dei)arlment  of  the  Hospital  for  relief, 
and  when  any  such  cases  shall  require  or  desire  indoor  treatment,  they  shall  be 
referred  to  the  Attending  Physician  or  Surgeon  on  duty,  at  their  visiting  hours. 

553 


4.  When  the  Attending  Physician  or  Surgeon  shall  deem  it  best,  cases  shall 
be  transferred  from  the  war<ls  o(  the  H»S|iitnl  to  the  charge  ol  the  Out-Patient 
Department,  and  the  Physicians  and  Surxeons  of  that  branch  of  the  Hos- 
pital practice  shall  be  entirely  responsible  for  the  future  treatment  of  such 
cases. 

5.  It  shall  be  the  iluty  of  the  Physicians  antl  Surgeons  atlminislering  medical 
or  surgical  treatment  in  the  OutPatient  Department,  to  keep  a  record  in  a  proper 
book,  (to  be  furnished  by  the  Ste\var<l  for  the  purposel,  of  the  attendance  of  all 
the  Physicians  and  Surgeons  administering  treatment  as  aforesaid,  in  the  above 
named  department. 

6.  The  names  of  all  the  applicants  for  relief,  with  complete  records  of  the 
cases,  shall  be  kept  l)y  the  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  books  prepared  for  that 
purpose ;  and  .it  the  close  of  each  year  the  statistics  shall  be  incorporated  in  a 
report  which  shall  be  made  to  the  Board  of  Managers. 

7.  The  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Board  in  reference  to  leave  of  absence 
of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  Staff  of  the  Hospital,  shall  be  applied  to  the 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  Out-Palient  Department. 

3.  Monthly  reports  of  the  number  of  cases  treated  in  the  different  sections  of 
the  Out-Patient  Department,  shall  be  prepared  an<l  sent  to  the  Board  at  its  stated 
meetings. 

Steward,  Matron,  and  Hkah  Nirsk.— i.  The  Steward  shall  have  the 
general  care  of  the  buildings  of  this  Hospital,  and  purchase  the  fuel,  furniture, 
food,  and  stores  of  all  kinds,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  .Attending  Managers ; 
he  shall  keep  regular  accounts  of  receipts  and  e.tpenditures,  to  be  vouched  and 
laid  before  the  Board.  He  shall  hire  the  Gate-keeper,  Engineer,  Gardener, 
Assistants,  and  Domestics,  and  discharge  them  should  occasion  arise  therefor. 
He  shall  pay  especial  attention  to  heating  and  ventilating  the  Hospital  building 
in  winter  and  to  its  forced  ventilation  in  summer,  to  the  proper  running  of  the 
.engine,  and  attending  to  his  duties,  by  the  Engineer. 

2.  The  Matron  shall  have  the  immediate  charge  of  the  house-keeping.  She 
shall  observe  the  manner  in  which  the  Domestics  and  others  perform  their  duties, 
and  report  to  the  Steward  any  instances  of  neglect  or  improper  conduct. 

She  shall  have  the  general  oversight  and  direction  of  the  Domestics,  and 
shall  superintend  and  direct  the  cooking  and  distribution  of  food ;  and  in 
conjunction  with  the  Steward  shall  see  that  the  supply  is  abundant  and  well 
cooked. 

3.  The  Head  Nurse's  duty  shall  be  in  the  wards  and  their  appurtenances,  to 
superintend  the  dietetic  arrangements  for  the  sick  and  hurt  an<l  have  immediate 
supervision  of  those  employed  therein,  as  well  as  to  see  that  the  proper  tempera- 
ture, ventilation,  cleanliness,  and  good  order  of  the  bedding,  clothing,  and  other 
articles  used  therein  are  maintained  ;  that  the  nurses  are  careful  in  the  perform- 
ance of  their  duty  ;  and  that  the  sick  are  faithfully  and  promptly  attended  to  in 
accordance  with  the  direction  of  the  Medical  .Staff.  Her  absence  from  the 
Hospital  shall  be  by  the  approval  of  the  .Attending  Managers. 

She  shall  select  suitable  Nurses,  refer  them  to  the  .-Vttending  .Managers,  with 
their  credentials,  and,  if  approved,  appoint  them  to  their  respective  positions, 
reporting  to  the  Steward  their  names,  and  the  rate  of  w.iges  to  be  paid,  before 
they  enter  upon  their  duties;  and,  if  any  change  is  made  by  transferring  Nurses 
from  one  ward  to  another,  thereby  necessitating  a  change  of  wages,  she  shall 
report  the  changes  so  made  to  the  Steward  on  the  same  day  ;  and  she  shall  take 
cognizance  of  charges  or  comi)laints  that  may  be  made  against  any  nurse  for 
inattention  to  professional  duties,  neglect  or  ill-treatment  of  patients,  or  Improper 

554 


behavior  in  the  Hospital,  investigate  the  same,  and  if  substantiated,  she  shall 
with  the  approval  of  the  Steward  or  Attending  Managers  discharge  the  offender 
and  report  the  discharge  to  the  Steward  without  delay. 

Nurses. — It  is  the  duty  of  the  nurses  faithfully  to  attend  to  the  patients 
under  their  charge  and  to  obey  implicitly  the  directions  of  the  Attending  and 
Resident  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  regard  to  them,  to  see  that  patients  behave 
with  propriety,  and  observe  all  the  regulations  of  the  Institution,  and  to  report 
any  irregularity  or  breach  of  rule  to  the  Steward,  or  Head  Nurse. 

1.  A  graduate  nurse  is  placed  in  charge  of  every  department  of  the  Hospital, 
and  her  orders  are  to  be  strictly  and  respectfully  obeyed  by  the  pupil  nurses 
under  her  charge.  The  nurses  on  night  duty  are  subject  to  the  orders  of  the 
Night  Superintendent,  to  whom  they  are  to  apply  in  all  cases  of  difficulty. 

2.  All  nurses  are  required  to  treat  the  patients  with  the  utmost  gentleness. 
No  nurse  is  allowed  to  employ  herself  with  any  sort  of  needlework  for  her  own 
use,  or  to  read  any  book,  save  one  of  a  professional  character,  when  on  duty. 
Nor  are  they  allowed  to  employ  a  patient  in  any  way,  for  their  own  personal 
service. 

3.  Nurses  must  not,  under  any  circumstances,  leave  the  Hospital  without  a 
pass,  bearing  the  signature  of  the  Head  Nurse. 

4.  Nurses  are  not  allowed  to  visit  any  department  without  leave  from  the 
Head  Nurse,  nor  are  they  allowed  to  have  friends  to  visit  them  in  the  wards,  or 
to  take  them  round  the  Hospital  without  permission.   They  will  not  invite  them  to  - 
remain  all  night,  or  to  partake  of  any  meal  without  leave  from  the  Head  Nurse. 

5.  Nurses  are  expected  to  conform  strictly  to  the  uniform  worn  in  the 
Hospital.     No  jewelry  to  be  worn.     All  washing  clothes  to  be  plainly  marked. 

6.  Nurses  who  are  unable  to  go  on  duty  in  the  morning,  must  at  once  inform 
the  Night  Superintendent.  No  nurse  will  be  allowed  to  go  off  duty  without 
reporting  herself  to  the  Head  Nurse. 

7.  Every  nurse  is  e.xpected  to  retire  to  her  own  room  at  10  p.  M.,  and  all 
lights  to  be  turned  out  at  10.30.     After  this  time  perfect  silence  is  to  be  observed. 

8.  The  hours  for  meals,  classes,  and  duty  must  be  strictly  observed,  and 
nurses  exceeding  the  time  allowed  on  an  evening  pass,  will  be  deprived  of  the 
indulgence  for  a  certain  time.  Pupil  nurses  rise  at  6  A.  M.,  breakfast,  6.30.  On, 
duty,  7  A.  M.  Dinner,  12  noon.  Supper,  6  p.  M.  Recreation  hour,  between  2 
and  6  p.  m.  Off  duty,  8  p.  M.  Leave  of  absence,  one  afternoon  from  12  noon  and 
one  evening  from  4  p.  M,  in  each  week,  is  given. 

9.  A  nurse  is  not  allowed  to  order  any  article,  or  rejiair,  from  the  .Matron, 
Steward,  or  Carpenter,  on  her  own  responsibilit)'.  All  such  orders  must  bear  the 
signature  of  the  Head  Nurse. 

The  term  and  course  of  instruction  shall  embrace  a  period  of  two  years,  the 
first  two  months  of  which  shall  be  probationary. 

Candidates  for  admission  must  be  women  between  twenty-one  and  thirty-five 
years,  and  possess  a  good  common-school  education  :  and  must  furnish  a  physi- 
cian's certificate  of  sound  health,  and  two  certificates  of  good  character,  with 
mental  and  physical  capacity  for  the  duties  of  nurses,  satisfactory  to  the  Head 
Nurse  and  the  Managers  of  the  Hospital.  Applicants  possessing  a  superior  edu- 
cation and  refinement  take  precedence. 

The  fitness  for  the  work,  and  the  propriety  of  retaining  or  dismissing  pupils  at 
the  end  of  the  two  months  at  trial,  are  determined  by  the  authorities  in  charge  of 
the  School,  under  the  Direction  of  the  Managers;  and  the  same  authorities  can, 
in  like  manner,  discharge  them,  in  case  of  misconduct  or  inefficiency,  at  any 
time. 

555 


Ill  compensation  for  tlii-ir  survices  nurses  will  receive  in  the  first  year  Sio.oo 
per  month  after  tile  first  trial  month  ;  and  ill  the  second  year  Ji 2.00  per  month, 
besides  their  lx>ard  and  washing,  antl  instructions. 

When  the  full  term  of  tuo  years  is  completed,  the  nurses  thus  trained  shall 
receive  (after  final  e.xamiuationsi  diplomas,  certifying  to  their  period  of  traininf;, 
their  proficiency,  and  good  character. 

Watchman  Axr>  Nu.ht  Nirsks.— The  Watchman  shall  conimence  his  duty 
at  eight  o'clock  i'.  M.,  and  pass  hourly  through  the  wards  until  daylight.  The 
Night  Nurses  shall  remain  all  night  in  the  Wards.  They  are  strictly  enjoined  to 
attend  to  the  safety  of  the  krtchen  fires,  and  shall  extinguish  all  lights  in  the  wards 
not  directed  l>v  the  Physicians.  Steward.  Matron,  or  Head  Nurse.  They  shall 
administer  such  medicines  .as  may  be  entrusted  to  them  by  the  Resident  Physician 
or  Surgeon,  to  be  given  in  the  night  to  patients.  They  are  also  ref|uiredto  report 
to  the  Steward  all  irregularities  they  may  observe  during  the  night. 

Gatekkki'EK. — 1.  The  gatekeeper  shall  not  admit  any  person  into  the 
Hospital  after  10  o'clock  r.  M.,  e.vcept  in  cases  of  recent  accident. 

2.  He  shall  not  allow  any  patient  to  pass  from  the  Hospital  without  an  order 
from  the  Steward. 

3.  He  shall  immediately  report  to  the  Steward  all  cases  of  persons  attempting 
to  bring  in  liquor,  or  coming  in  into.xicated,  and  all  other  irregularities  falling 
under  his  notice. 

4.  He  shall  not  allow  any  perstni  to  take  into  the  Hosjiital  any  li<]uor,  provi- 
sions, or  medicines  for  any  |>atient,  nurse,  or  domestic  therein. 

Gexkrai.  Rri.KS. — i.  The  Resident  Physicians,  Apothecary,  t'lerk  and  Li- 
brarian, and  Head  Nurse,  are  enjoined  to  be  regular  at  their  meals.  .\s  punctu- 
ality in  this  matter  is  considered  essential  to  the  discipline  of  the  Hospital,  the 
Steward  is  required  to  report  frequent  breaches  of  this  rule  to  the  .Attending 
Managers. 

2.  All  lights,  e.xcept  in  the  wards,  entries,  Steward's,  Matron's,  Head 
Nurse's,  Physicians'  and  Nurses'  rooms,  are  required  to  be  extinguished  at 
10  o'clock  I'.  M.  No  reading  in  bed  at  night  is  to  be  allowed,  by  either  patients 
or  any  person  connected  with  the  establishment  in  any  capacity. 

3.  Smoking  is  positively  prohibited  in  all,  or  any  part  of  the  I-Iospital.  other 
than  the  offices,  and  in  the  private  rooms  of  the  officers. 

4.  All  officers,  attachtes,  and  servants  of  the  Hospital  shall  leave  and  enter 
the  Hospital  by  the  gate  on  Eighth  Street  ;  all  other  openings  into  the  grounds 
must  be  kept  securely  fastened. 

5.  A  newly  elected  Resident  Physician  shall  be  notified  by  the  Clerk  to  meet 
the  Attending  Managers  at  their  next  visit  following,  to  receive  instruction  and 
advice  .as  to  his  duties,  etc. 

Ad.missio.s  and  niscHAkc.i-;  UK  I'ATiKNTs. — I.  Persous accidentally  woundeil 
or  otherwise  injured,  shall  be  received  at  all  hours,  subject  to  such  rules  as  the 
Managers  shall  from  time  to  time  enact  ;  provided  always,  that  the  accident  or 
iniury  ha]>pen  in  Pennsylvania,  and  the  i)atient  is  brought  t*)  this  Hospital  within 
twenty-four  hours  after  its  occurrence. 

2.   .'Vll   patients    brought  to  the    Hospital    shall   be    examined    either   by  the 

Attending   Physician  or  Surgeons  or  the  Residents,  and  shall  be  retained  in  the 

Reception  Ward  until  the  Resident  having  charge  shall  direct  their  transfer  to 

one  of  the  other  wards.     And  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Resident,  on  the  request 

•  of  the  Gatekeeper,  or  any  messenger  sent  by  him,  to  examine  wilhoul  delay  any 


case  which  may  be  deemed  of  urgency,  in  order  to  determine  tlie  question  of 
admitting  the  patient  to  the  Hospital. 

3.  The  admission  in  all  cases  to  be  by  printed  certificates  of  name,  age,  place 
of  nativity,  occupation,  social  state  (single,  married,  or  widowed),  and  the 
diagnosis  under  the  signature  of  the  doctor  admitting  ;  and  the  Steward  shall 
also,  whenever  practicable,  require  security  for  the  clothing  of  the  patient,  and 
his  or  her  removal  when  discharged. 

4.  All  a|)plications  for  admission  shall,  as  far  as  is  practicable,  be  made  at  the 
Hospital  in  the  forenoon. 

5.  No  person  having  any  infectious  or  contagious  disease  shall  be  admitted 
to  this  Hospital. 

6.  No  incurable  case  of  cancer,  or  any  other  form  of  incurable  disease,  shall 
be  admitted  into  the  Hospital  on  the  free  list,  e.\cept  as  the  Hospital  may  be  in 
the  receipt  of  funds,  directed  to  be  applied  for  such  cases. 

7.  No  person  having  a  venereal  disease  or  manla-a-potu  shall  be  admitted  as 
a  free  patient. 

8.  Pay  patients  may  be  admitted  by  the  Steward  on  the  certificate  of  a 
Hospital  Physician  at  the  rate  of  not  less  than  one  dollar  per  day,  except  in  cases 
of  mania-a-potfi  or  alcoholism,  the  lowest  charge  for  which  shall  be  two  dollars 
per  day. 

9.  All  patients  shall  give  security  for  the  payment  of  their  board. 

10.  All  patients  shall  be  discharged  as  soon  as  they  are  cured ;  and  all  charity 
patients  whose  cases,  after  a  reasonable  time  of  trial,  shall  be  judged  incurable, 
shall  be  discharged. 

11.  All  discharges,  e.xcept  for  misconduct,  which  are  hereinafter  provided 
for,  shall  be  made  under  the  direction  of  the  Attending  Physician  or  Surgeon. 

12.  All  admissions  and  discharges  shall  he  registered  by  the  Clerk  and 
reported  to  the  Attending  Managers,  on  their  weekly  visits,  to  be  entered  by 
them  on  their  minutes. 

Free  Beds. — A  contribution  of  J5000  to  the  permanent  fund  of  tlie  Hospital 
will  endow  a  free  bed  in  the  Pine  Street  Hospital,  to  be  named,  unless  otherwise 
directed,  after  the  donor. 

Ambul.\n"ce. — The  Ambulance  shall  akcays  be  in  readiness  to  answer  a  call 
and  it  shall  be  sent  out  whenever  directed  by  a  member  of  the  Surgical  or  Medical 
Staff,  or  by  any  member  of  the  Board. 

Patients. — i.  The  patients  are  required  to  conduct  themselves  with 
decorum  towards  each  other,  the  officers  of  the  Hospital,  nurses,  and  attendants. 
They  shall  not  smoke  tobacco  or  play  at  any  games  of  chance  in  the  Hospital. 

2.  No  venereal  patient  shall  be  placed  in  any  other  ward  than  those  especi- 
ally appointed  for  that  class  of  patients,  to  which  they  shall  be  strictly  confined. 

3.  No  liquors,  provisions,  or  medicines  of  any  kind,  shall  be  furnished  to  any 
of  the  patients  b\'  their  friends  ;  and  no  patient  shall  be  permitted  the  use  of  any 
diet  prepared  in  the  House  other  than  that  which  may  be  ordered  by  the  proper 
officers. 

4.  No  patient  shall  be  allowed  to  leave  the  Hospital  while  under  treatment, 
except  by  special  permission  of  the  Physicians  and  Steward. 

5.  Such  free  jjatients,  as  are  able,  shall  give  assistance  in  nursing  or  otherwise 
when  required  to  do  so  by  a  Resident  Physician,  Steward  or  Head  Nurse. 

6.  If  any  breach  occur  in  any  of  the  above  rules,  the  offender  shall  be  liable 
to  be  discharged  by  the  ."Mtcnding  Managers,  or,  in  tlieir  absence,  by  the  Steward, 
who  shall  report  to  them. 

557 


7.  W'htii  any  patient  shall  desire  to  see  a  minister  or  teacher  of  religion,  the 
same  is  to  be  communicated  to  the  Resident  Physician  in  charge,  and,  if  it  be  not 
deemed  improper  in  a  medical  point  of  view,  the  Physician  or  Steward  shall 
notify  the  individual  whose  presence  is  required. 

Visitors. — i.  Visitors  to  patients  will  be  admitted  on  Second  day  (Monday) 
Fourth  (lay  (Wednesday)  and  Si.vth  day  (Friday),  between  the  hours  of  2  and 
4  o'clock  ;  at  other  times  a  special  order  for  admission  from  a  Manager  or  the 
Steward  will  be  required. 

2.  Those  admitted  to  visit  i)atients  shall  nut  be  permitted  In  ramble  over  the 
house  and  grounds,  but  shall  be  directed  to  the  apartments  in  which  the  person 
sought  for  may  be  found. 

3.  No  visitor  shall  lodge  in  the  Hospital,  without  permission  from  the 
Steward. 

4.  No  visitor  under  the  influence  of  liquor  shall  be  admitteil   into  the  wards. 

Thi:  Mepicai.  I,iiiR.\RV. — 1.  The  Librarian  shall  see  that  all  the  books  are 
properly  lal)eled  and  numbered,  and  shall  keep  a  complete  catalogue  of  them  in 
numerical  order;  also  a  list  of  all  persons  entitled  to  use  the  Library.  He  shall 
attend  on  every  Second,  Fourth,  and  Seventh  day  from  9  to  10  o'clock  A.  M.,  and 
from  3  to  4  1'.  .M.,  for  the  purpose  of  lending  out  aiul  receiving  books  ;  he  shall 
examine  those  returned,  and,  if  uninjured,  immediately  replace  them  on  the 
shelves.  He  shall  keep  an  account  of  all  fines  and  forfeitures  incurred,  and  settle 
with  the  Steward  for  the  same  (piartcr-yearly. 

2.  The  books  shall  only  be  lent  to  the  following  persons,  viz.  :  the  Managers, 
Treasurer,  Physicians,  and  Surgeons  of  the  Hospital  ;  and  gentlemen  who  may 
have  filled  cither  of  those  oflices  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  five  years;  the 
resident  officers  of  the  Institution  ;  and  such  other  persons  as  hold  a  certificate  of 

■  right,  or  may  hereafter  acquire  one. 

3.  The  sum  to  be  paid  for  the  privilege  of  using  the  Library  during  life,  con- 
formably with  its  rules,  shall  be  twenty-five  dollars.  The  temporary  use  of  the 
Library  may  be  obtained  by  the  payment  of  three  dollars  per  annum  ;  the  right 
to  be  in  no  case  transferable. 

4.  Every  person  entitled  to  use  the  Library  shall,  before  taking  out  books, 
sign  a  conditional  bond  or  obligation,  as  security  for  his  due  observance  of  the 
rules  of  the  Library,  and  for  the  value  of  such  books  as  may  be  lost  or  injured  by 
him.  A  deposit  of  ten  dollars  shall  also  be  required  of  those  having  but  a  temporary 
right  to  take  out  books. 

5.  No  person  shall  be  allowed  to  take  out  more  than  two  volumes  at  one  time 
without  the  special  i)ermission  of  the  Library  Committee  ;  nor  shall  any  book  be 
kept  out  longer  than  four  weeks.  On  its  return  the  Librarian  may  renew  the 
loan,  if  no  other  applicant  requires  the  book. 

6.  A  fine  often  cents  per  week  shall  be  paid  for  every  book  kept  beyond  the 
limited  time,  and  if  a  book  be  not  returned  within  three  months  it  maybe  deemed 
lost,  and  the  borrower  shall,  in  addition  to  its  value,  pay  such  fine,  not  exceeding 
ten  dollars,  as  the  Library  Committee  shall  direct. 

7.  In  case  any  book  is  returned  injured,  the  borrower  shall  pay  for  the  injury 
or  replace  the  book.  And  if  one  or  more  books  belonging  to  a  set  be  lost,  the  bor- 
rower shall  take  the  remaining  volume-sand  pay  the  value  of  the  set  in  addition  to 
such  fine  as  may  be  determined  by  the  Library  Committee. 

8.  Periodicals  can  only  be  taken  out  of  the  Library  when  bound. 

9  The  Library  Committee  may  permit  scientific  men  to  use  the  books  of  the 
Library-  for  limited  periods — subject  to  its  rules — but  to  not  more  than  six  persons 
at  one  time. 

SS8 


10.  Rare  and  costly  folio  and  quarto  books  with  engravings  are  not  to  be  lent 
out  of  the  Library  without  a  special  written  order  of  the  Library  Committee. 

11.  In  all  cases  of  doubt  in  regard  to  the  construction  of  these  rules,  or  their 
violation,  the  judgment  of  the  Library  Committee  shall  be  conclusive;  provided 
always  that  in  cases  of  gro.ss  misconduct,  or  refusal  to  comply  with  the  rules,  the 
Board  of  Managers  reserve  the  power  of  declaring  the  rights  of  the  offender  for- 
feited, and  prohibiting  his  future  access  to  the  Library. 

12.  The  Steward  shall  be  authorized  to  pay  all  bills  which  have  been 
approved  by  the  Library  Committee. 


DEPARTMENT  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

The  officers  of  tlie  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Department  for  the  Insane,  shall 
consist  of  a  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent,  for  the  whole  establishment, 
and  one  or  more  Assistant  Physicians,  also  a  consulting  Gynfecologist,  and  a 
Steward  and  a  Matron  for  each  department. 

The  Physician-in-Chief. — i.  The  Physician-in-Chief  and  Suijerinteiulent 
of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  shall  be  the  official  head  of  that  department ;  and, 
under  the  instructions  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  shall  have  the  general 
superintendence  and  control  thereof  and  of  all  persons  employed  on  the 
premises. 

2.  He  shall  reside  upon  the  premises,  and  devote  his  whole  time  to  the 
promotion  of  the  interests  of  the  Institution  and  the  welfare  and  comfort  of  the 
patients. 

3.  He  shall  have  the  sole  direction  of  the  medical,  moral,  and  dietetic  treat- 
ment of  the  patients,  and  his  directions  respecting  them  are  to  be  implicitly 
obeyed  by  all  persons  about  the  establishment. 

4.  He  shall  have  the  power  to  select  and  dismiss  at  his  pleasure  all  tlie 
attendants  and  other  persons  employed  in  the  care  of  the  Insane,  and  the  sole 
direction  of  their  duties.  With  the  sanction  of  the  Attending  Managers,  he  shall 
from  time  to  time  make  such  regulations  for  the  government  of  the  attendants, 
and  all  others  engaged  in  any  way  about  the  Institution,  as  he  may  deem 
salutary. 

5.  He  shall  have  the  general  direction  of  the  farm,  gardens,  and  grounds  of 
the  Hospital ;  and  may  make  contracts  with  the  farmer  and  others  employed 
thereon,  and  with  the  tenants,  (subject  to  approval  by  the  Board  of  Managers.) 

6.  He  shall  obtain  as  far  as  practicable,  a  complete  history  of  tlie  case  of 
every  patient  admitted  into  the  Hospital,  and  shall  keep  or  cause  to  be  kept,  for 
the  use  of  the  Institution,  a  register  of  the  same,  and  as  full  a  record  of  the  sub- 
sequent treatment  and  results  as  he  may  deem  likely  to  promote  the  interests  of 
science,  and  tend  to  improve  the  treatment  of  the  insane. 

7.  He  shall  furnish  to  the  Board  of  Managers  annually,  at  its  stated  meeting 
in  the  fourth  month  (April)  in  each  year,  a  detailed  report  of  the  operations  of 
the  Hospital,  with  tabular  statements  of  the  cases  treated  during  the  preceding 
twelve  months,  and  of  its  actual  condition  ;  witli  such  other  observations  as  he 
may  deem  useful  or  interesting. 

8.  All  correspondence  respecting  the  patients,  shall  be  under  his  direction. 

9.  He  shall  exercise  a  vigilant  supervision  of  all  expenditures,  and  as  far  as 
he  can,  shall  indicate  by  some  mark  on  all  bills  or  receipts,  that  no  purchases 
have  been  made  or  expenses  incurred  without  his  approval,  or  at  least  without 
his  knowledge. 

559 


The  Assistant  Physicians. —  i.  The  Assistant  Physicians  shall  n-sitlt  in  the 
Hospital  and  under,  the  direction  of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent, 
shall  devote  their  whole  time  to  its  service,  and  carry  out  to  the  best  of  their 
abilities,  all  the  instructions  of  that  officer. 

2.  They  shall  prepare  and  superintend  the  administration  of  all  medicines 
prescribed  for  the  patients  ;  preserving  in  a  l>ook  provided  for  the  purpose,  every 
prescription,  with  the  name  of  the  patient,  and  shall  keep  or  assist  ill  keeping 
such  records,  and  performing  such  other  duties  as  may  be  re<|uired  by  the 
Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent. 

3.  They  shall  be  as  much  as  possible  among  the  pnlieiits,  visiting  them 
regularly  every  morning  and  evening,  and  as  often  as  they  can  at  other  hours, 
and  do  all  in  their  power  to  contribute  to  their  comfort  anil  welfare  :  they  shall 
have  a  general  supervision  of  the  attendants,  and  shall  promptly  report  to  the 
Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent,  all  instances  of  neglect  or  of  improper 
conduct  on  the  part  of  any  one  connected  with  the  Institution,  that  may  come  to 
their  knowledge. 

4.  It  shall  also  be  the  duty  of  one  of  the  Assistant  Physicians  to  attend  at 
the  Out-Patient  iJepartnient  on  Pine  Street  for  consultation  on  Mental  and 
Nervous  diseases. 

5.  They  shall  not  absent  themselves  from  the  Hospital  without  the  knowledge 
and  consent  of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent,  and  the  Attending 
Managers. 

Thk  Stewards. — i.  Under  the  instructions  of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and 
Superintendent,  the  Stewards  shall  have  a  general  oversight  of  the  buildings, 
grounds,  and  farm,  and  shall  see  that  they  are  at  all  times  kept  in  perfect  order 
and  repair,  and  that  all  persons  employed  about  the  same  perform  their  duties 
faithfully. 

2.  Under  the  direction  of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent  and 
subject  to  the  instructions  of  the  Attending  Managers,  they  shall  purchase  furni- 
ture, fuel,  clothing,  stores,  and  all  other  necessary  articles,  and  shall  be  respon- 
sible for  their  safe  keeping  and  economical  use. 

3.  They  shall  collect  all  moneys  due  the  Institution  for  board  of  patients,  etc., 
as  they  become  due,  and  shall  keep  plain  and  accurate  accounts  of  the  receipts 
and  e.xpenditures.  They  shall  furnish  transcripts  thereof,  approved  by  the 
.\ttending  Managers,  to  be  laid  before  the  Board  at  each  of  their  stated  meetings. 
They  shall  also  keep  a  regular  register  of  the  names  and  of  the  dates  of  admission 
and  discharge  of  every  patient. 

4.  Subject  to  the  authority  given  to  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superinten- 
dent, and  under  his  instructions,  they  shall  hire,  pay,  and  discharge  all  persons 
employed  about  the  premises. 

5.  They  shall  pay  particular  attention  to  the  cpiality  of  the  provisions  pro- 
vided for  the  use  of  the  Institution,  and  the  manner  in  which  they  are  cooked  and 
served.  They  shall  visit  the  dining-rooms  during  meals,  and  see  that  all  things 
appertaining  to  them  are  disposed  in  a  neat  and  becoming  manner,  that  good 
order  and  perfect  cleanliness  are  preserved  in  every  part  of  the  house  coming 
under  their  notice,  sh.-ill  promptly  report  to  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superin- 
tendent all  instances  of  neglect  or  improper  conduct  that  they  may  observe,  and. 
as  far  as  practicable,  see  that  the  warming  and  ventilation  of  the  buildings  are 
properly  regulated. 

The  Matrons. — It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  matrons  to  have  the  immediate 
charge  of  the  housekeeping.  They  shall  observe  the  manner  in  which  the  atten- 
dants and  others  perform  their  duties  and   report  to   the   Physician-in-Chief  and 

560 


Superintendent  any  instance  of  neglect  or  improper  conduct  coming  under  their 
notice.  They  shall  have  the  general  oversight  and  direction  of  the  domestics, 
and  shall  superintend  and  direct  the  cooking  and  distribution  of  food,  and,  in 
conjunction  with  the  Stewards,  shall  see  that  the  supply  is  abundant,  varied,  well- 
cooked,  and  neatly  served,  in  all  the  dining-rooms  of  the  establishment,  which 
they  shall  visit  as  often  as  possible  at  the  hours  for  meals.  They  shall  also  set- 
that  the  bedding,  clothing,  etc.,  of  the  patients  are  always  kept  clean  and  in 
good  order.  They  are  e.xpected  to  devote  their  whole  time  to  the  service  of  the 
Institution,  and  under  the  instructions  of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superin- 
tendent, to  spare  no  efforts  to  promote  its  prosperity. 

General  Riles. — All  persons  engaged,  in  any  way,  about  the  Institution, 
shall  be  careful  to  conform  to  the  regulations  made  for  the  government  of  the 
Hospital,  and  at  all  times  do  what  they  canto  promote  its  prosperity.  No  smok- 
ing of  tobacco  by  any  thus  employed,  shall  be  allowed  within  the  enclosures,  nor 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  barns  or  other  outbuildings  ;  nor  shall  any  persons  be 
employed  who  are  addicted  to  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors. 

All  lights,  e.xcept  in  the  wards,  entries.  Steward's,  Matron's,  and  Physicians' 
rooms,  are  required  to  be  e.xtinguished  at  ten  o'clock  p.  m.  No  reading  in  bed 
at  night  is  to  be  allowed,  either  by  patients  or  by  any  person  connected  with  the 
establishment  in  any  capacity. 

Ao.Missiox  OF  Patients. — i.  Before  any  patient  can  be  admitted  into  this 
Hosi)ital,  a  request  in  writing  to  that  effect  from  some  near  relative  or  friend,  and 
a  certificate  of  said  patient's  insanity,  signed  by  two  respectable  graduates  of 
medicine,  shall  in  all  cases  be  required,  in  the  mode  prescribed  by  the  laws  of 
Pennsylvania. 

2.  Neither  idiots  nor  persons  having  mania-a-potfi.  shall  be  received  intcv 
this  Hospital. 

3.  A  limited  number  of  insane  persons  in  indigent  circumstances,  whose  cases 
are  recent,  and  such  as  are  believed  to  offer  a  fair  chance  of  cure,  shall  be 
admitted  as  patients  by  the  Attending  Managers,  for  a  period  not  exceeding  three 
months  for  each  case,  and  shall  be  treated  without  any  charge.  If  promising 
favorably,  and  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superin- 
tendent, the  period  may  be  extended  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board.  Security  for 
the  removal  of  such  patients  when  discharged,  and  for  their  clothing  whilst  in 
the  Hospital,  shall  be  required  of  some  responsible  resident  of  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, or  its  vicinity.  The  number  of  these  patients  shall  from  time  to  time  be 
regulated  by  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  is  now  fixed  at  fifty. 

4.  Patients  paying  board  may  be  admitted  by  any  member  of  the  Board  of 
Managers,  under  the  following  rules. 

5.  The  rate  of  board  shall  be  regulated  by  the  pecuniary  ability  of  the 
patient,  or  of  the  friends  of  the  patient,  and  the  class  of  accommodations 
required.  The  lowest  rate  shall  be  nine  dollars  i>er  week.  They  shall  not  be 
admitted  for  a  less  period  than  three  months,  for  which  time  the  board  shall  be 
required  to  be  paid  in  advance  at  the  time  of  admission  ;  and  if  taken  away 
K«r;//'^<f  before  the  expiration  of  that  period,  contrary  to  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Physician-in-Chief  and  Superintendent  of  the  Hospital,  the  amount  as 
above  paid  in  advance  shall  be  considered  forfeited,  and  no  part  thereof  shall  be 
returned.  Four  weeks'  board  shall  be  retained  in  all  cases.  All  payments  shall 
be  made  quarterly  in  advance.  Security  of  some  responsible  resident  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  or  its  vicinity,  shall  in  all  cases  be  obtained,  for  the  payment  of 
board  and  all  other  expenses  whilst  in  the  institution,  and  for  the  performance 
of  the  foregoing  conditions. 

^61 


6.  U'lifii  special  attendants  are  desired  tliey  are  always  tii  lie  provided 
by  the  Physician  of  tlie  Hospital,  and  the  charge  therefor  to  he  added  to  the 
board. 

AiiMlssioN  OF  Visitors. — The  Boartl  of  Managers— reco^nizinK  the  <Uity  of 
shielding  the  insane  from  all  improper  ex|«)siire,  and  resartHns  their  riKht  of 
protection  from  the  gratification  of  an  idle  curiosity  on  the  part  of  strangers  just 
as  great,  while  residents  of  a  hospital,  as  in  their  own  dwellings— have  adopted 
the  following  regulations  for  the  admission  of  visitors  : 

1.  Visitors  are  not  to  be  admitted  before  lo  o'clock  A.  M.,  after  sunset,  nor  on 
the  First  d,iy  of  the  week.  They  are  not  to  be  admitted  on  the  afternoon  of 
Seventh  day  (Saturday)  unless  on  special  business  with  the  Attending  Managers, 
or  one  of  the  officers  of  the  house. 

2.  All  parts  of  the  Ilo.spital  tiol  occupied  hv  f>alienls  may  be  shown  and  e.x- 
plained  during  the  hours  for  the  admission  of  visitors. 

3.  No  visitor,  unless  in  company  with  a  Manager,  can  be  taken  into  tlie 
wards,  without  permission  from  the  I'hysician-in-Chief,  or,  in  his  absence,  from  an 
Assistant  Physician  :  and  when  visitors  are  allowed  in  the  wards,  they  must 
always  be  accompanied  by  one  of  these  officers,  by  the  Steward  or  Matron, 
or  by  some  person  delegated  by  the  Physician  for  the  purpose. 

4.  As  this  Hospital  cannot  be  allowed  to  become  a  resort  for  idle  curiosity,  it 
is  hoped  that  the  friends  of  patients,  and  all  others,  will  carefully  avoid  prolong- 
ing their  visits  unnecessarily.  And  those  employed  in  the  care  of  patients,  or  in 
the  domestic  departments,  are  to  avoid  inviting  company  to  the  Hospital. 

5.  The  Ple.isure  Carriages  and  other  contrivances  for  the  anuisement  of 
patients,  are  not  to  be  used  by  visitors  ;  nor  are  they  to  enter  the  museums  or  lo 
pass  through  the  pleasure  grounds,  except  by  special  permission. 

6.  It  is  expressly  forbidden  to  furnish  any  inmate  of  this  Hospital  with 
tobacco  in  any  form  ;  or  to  deliver  to,  or  receive  from  a  patient,  any  letter, 
parcel,  or  pack.ige,  without  the  knowledge  and  approbation  of  the  Physician. 

7.  Funds  for  the  use  of  the  patients  are  to  be  placed  in  the  han<ls  of  the 
Stewards,  to  be  used  only  under  the  direction  of  the  Physician. 

S.  Under  ordinary  circumstances,  carriages  are  not  to  enter  the  enclosures. 
When  for  any  purpose  they  have  been  taken  to  the  centre  buildings,  they  are 
never  to  be  left  standing  there  ;  and  drivers  are  always  expected  to  remain  with 
their  vehicles  outside  of  the  gateway. 


562 


OFFICERS   OF   THE    PENNSYLVANIA  HOSPITAL. 


At  the    143d   Annual   Meeting  of  the  Corporation,  held   5th  month   "th,   1S94,  the 

following   Contributors  were  elected  to  serve  as  Managers  for  the  ensuing  year  : 

BEN'JAMIN  H.  SHOEMAKER,  JOHN  B.  GARRETT, 

ALEXANDER  BIDDLE,  JOHN  \V.  BIDDLE, 

JOSEPH  B.  TOWNSEND,  JOHN  T.  LEWIS,  Jr. 

T.  WISTAR  BROWN,  JOHN  S.  JENKS, 

CHARLES  HARTSHORNE,  JOSEPH  E.  GILLINGHAM, 

JAMES  T.  SHINN,  EFFINGHAM  B.  MORRIS, 

HENRY  HAINES,  Trtasunr. 

Benjamin  H.  Shoemaker, /"rw/V/irw/.  ■)  „^  ,    ,     „       .    ,  ., 

„   ,,  _  >  Officers  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 

James  T.  Shinn,  Secretary.  i     ■"  ■'  Jo 

Arthur  Biddi.e,  Esq.,  Solicitor. 

Attending  Physicians — J.  M.  Da  Costa,  M.  D.  ;  Morris  Loncstreth,  M.  D.  ; 

Arthur  V.  Meigs,  M.  D.  ;  Morris  J.  Lewis,  M.  D. 

Attending  Surgeons — THOMAS  G.  Morton,  M.  D.;  John  H.  Packard,  M.  D.  : 

John  Ashhurst,  Jr.,  M.  D.  ;  Richard  H.  Harte,  M.  D. 

Resident  Physicians — Thomas  A  Claytor,   M.  D.  ;    Thomas   F.  Branson, 

M.   D.;    John   H.   Gibbon,  M.D.;  James  P.  Hutchinson,  M.  D.  ;    Francis  R. 

Packard,  M.  D.  ;  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  Jr.,  M.  D. 

Pathologist,  Curator,  and  Microscopist — Henry  M.  Fisher,  M.  D. 

Dispensary  Physicians — Henry  M.  Fisher,  M.  D.  ;  Frederick  A.  P.ackard, 

M.  D. ;  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.  ;  J.  Allison  Scott,  M.  D. 

Dispensary  Surgeons — W.  Barton  Hopkins,   M.  D.;   Walter  D.  Green, 

M.  D. ;  Robert  G.  LeConte,  M.  D.  ;  Thomas  S.  K.  Morton,  M.  D. 

Eye  and  Ear — George  C.  Harlan,  M.  D.  ;  Peter  N.  K.  Schwenk,  M.  D. 

Throat  and  Nose — ALEXANDER  W.  MacCoy,  M.  D. 

Gynecological — T.  Hewson  Bradford,  M.  D.  ;  J.  Montgomery  Baldy,  M.  D. 

Mental  and  Nervous — A.    R.   Moulton,    M.  D.  ;   Henry    B.    Nunem.aiHER, 

M.  D.  ;  Eli  E.  Josselyn,  M.  D.;  Horace  Phillips,  M.  D. 

Steward — JONATHAN  G.  Williams. 

Clerk  and  Librarian — Daniel  D.  Test. 

Apothecary — JOSEPH  Y.  TAYLOR,  Ph.  G. 

Matron — Mary  R.  Satterthwaite. 

Head  A^urse — ELIZABETH  S.  Collier. 


DEPARTMENT  FOR  THE  INSANE. 
PAysicianin- Chief— ]omi  B.  Chapin,  M.  D. 

DEPART.MENT  FOR  MEN. 
First  Assistant — A.  R.  MouLTON,  M.  D. 
Second  Assistant — Horace  Phillips,  M.  D. 
Steward — George  Jones. 
Matron — HaNNAH  P.  Saeger. 

DEPARTMENT  FOR  WOMEN. 
First  Assistant — H.  B.  Nunem,\cher,  M.  D. 
Second  Assistant — E.  E.  JossELY.N,  M.  D. 
Gyncecologist — A.  Victoria  ScottHaensler,  M.  D. 
Steward — George  Jones. 

563 


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(564) 


INDEX 


Academy  of  Fine  Arts 315 

Acadians 221 

Accounts  lor  Assembly 35i  45 

to  be  published  annually 11 

Act  Establishing  Lying-in  Department233 

of  Incorporation 248 

Legislative .  291,  292 

establishing  the  Hospital 10 

Special 88.  93,  100 

to  Encourage  Establishing  a  Hos- 
pital, etc 10 

to  remit  duty  on  West's  Painting  .  313 

Adams,  John  Quincy 313 

Address  by  Dr.  Charles  D.  Meigs  .    .  449 

by  Dr.  J.  Forsyth  Meigs 403 

by  Dr.  Benjamin  H.  Coates  ....  121 

by  Gov.  John  Penn 50 

by  Gov.  Richard  Penn 55 

to  Proprietors 15 

Administration,  The  Hospital  ....  402 

Admission  Card,  Form  of 20S 

Fee  to  Hospital 153 

Rules  for 80,556,561,562 

Admissions,  Decline  of      185 

Agent  in  England,  Franklin  appointed  42 

Agnew.  Dr    D.  Hayes 516 

Allen,  Xath'I  ..." 9 

Allen,  Robert,  seizes  cows  and  hay    .  296 

Allen  W'm 9,  210,  51,  32 

Almshouse,  The  City 582 

E.\changing  lots  with  ...  275 

Lying-in  Ward  at 234 

Patients  from ...  218 

patients  attended  by  members  of 

Medical  Staff" 468 

American  .Medico  Psychological  Asso- 
ciation   198 

Amphitheatre,  New  Clinical    .    .    .98,  99 
Amusement  for  the  Insane,  169,  171,  173 

180,  191 

AnjEsthetics 479 

Annual  Report 92 

Annuity  granted 137 

Antiseptic  treatment 479 

Apothecaries,  English 528,  529 

List  of 5+3 

Apothecary 351 

Contract  with 530 

Physicians  desire  a  qualified    .    .    .  527 
Shop,  location  of 534 


Apothecaries,  Stewards,  and  Matrons  525 

Students  as 526,  532 

Apparatus  designed  by  Medical  Staff  476 
Dr.  Bond  presents  Meteorological  .  469 

Fire 546 

Appeal  to  the  Public       .  .  45,  48 

Apprentices .    .    82 

Medical 479 

Appropriation  by  Assembly  .  7 

recommended 444 

Archer,  Elizabeth 84 

Armitt,  John 9 

Armitt,  Stephen 9 

Arrison  Estate  recommended  .  .  .117 
Art,  Works  of,  of  Hospital  .  .  .  305,  343 
Articles  in  Corner-stone    ....  120,  176 

Ashhurst,  Jr  ,  Dr.  John 519 

Assembly,  .Act  of 56 

appropriates  Fines  to  Hospital   .  64,  65 

comes  to  Relief 49,56,58 

Grant  by  the 49,  65,  66,  77,  78 

grants  Appropriation 7 

Original  petition  to 3 

Assistants,  Female  Board  of  ....  84 
Association  of  E.x-Resident  Physicians, 

102,  4S1 

Atlee,  Chief  Justice 14S 

Attendants  upon  the  Insane         ...  168 

Atwood,  William 9 

Autopsies .    .  212 

Bankrupts,  Estates  of 254 

Barnes,  Cornelius 442 

Barton.  Dr.  Benj.  Smith,  So,  353,  457,  498 
Barton's  bedstead,  Dr.  J.  Rhea,  ...  82 
Barton,  Dr.  J.  Rhea    ....  197,  478,  504 

Barton.  Dr.  \V.  P.  C 520 

Bartram,  John,  Botanist 447 

Bayard,  Jas.  .Ashton,  Apothecary    .    .  526 

Bed-carriage,  Morton's 478 

Bedstead  invented  bv  Dr.  John  Rhea 

Barton 82 

Benezet,  .Anthony  .  414 

Bettle.  William  .'....  •    ■    9' 

Betton,  Dr.  Samuel  .  4S2 

Bevan,  Matthew  L.  .  S.s,  86 

Bevan,  Silvanus     .  13.  16,  17 

Biddle,  Clement  C.      .  .    .  430 

Biddle,  Geo.  W.    .  .110 

Biddle,  William    .    .  175,  431 


565 


Hi>;kr.  (iovirnor  U  illiuni 304 

Bills  of  Credit 265,266 

Uonalioii  by  SiK'itrs  of 49 

BiiiiK'V,  Esq.,  Horace 115,  217 

BiniK-y.  Mr.,  011  Coroner's  Duties  .  .  213 
Biograpliical     Sketches     of     former 

Manaj;ers 409 

Biographical  Sketches  of  Physicians  485 

Birth,  first  in  the  Hospital 234 

Blancharcl  Buil<lin«  for  Nurses'  Home  107 

Blanchard,  The  Misses 365 

Blockley  Hospital 220 

Blooillettinn  for  Insanity  .  .  125,  163  178 
Board  of  Female  Assistants     ....    85 

Board,  Organization  of 40 

Bond,  John,  .-Xpolhecary 526 

Bond,  Dr.  I'hineas  .  .  9,  28,  447,  488,  527 
Bond,   Dr.    Thomas  9,  25,   27,   28,  33,  77, 

203,  206,  223,  279,  283,  327,  402,  409, 

439.  445.  446,  447.  487.  529- 

Bond,  Dr.  Thomas,  J r 60,61,62 

Bond's     Introductory    Lecture,     Dr. 

Thos 462 

Bond,  Drs.  Thos.  and  I'hineas    .  345,  366 

Book,  First,  presented 346 

Books  Missing   ....  .    .  352 

Borie,  Adolph  E.  .    .    .  .  435 

Botanical  Garden 536 

Boulter,  Dr.  Thos 480 

.■\pothecary 531 

Bradford,  William 443 

Branson,  Will 9 

Brief  Account   of   Hospital   by   Benj. 

Franklin,  Extract  from 7 

Brief  View  presented  to  Assembly  .  65 
British  .\rmy  in  Philadelphia  •    .    57 

British  Prisoners  as  patients     ...    62 

Brown,  Mary  D 365 

Browne,  Peter  ...  81,  289,  295,  334,  424 

Bryan,  Chief  Justice 148 

"  Bunch  of  Cirapes" 76 

Bunting,  Miss  Rachel  A 104 

Busti,  Mr.  Paul 118,120 

Cadwalader,  Mrs 83 

Cadwalader,    Dr.   Thos.  28,  32,   486,  446 
458,  330.  527,  529 

Calhoun,  Dr.  F ...    84 

Calhoun,  Jane  A 365 

Calhoun,  Mary  M. 365 

Candlestick  presented 336 

Capit.al  Stock  not  to  be  Expended     .     1 1 

Decrease  of 57 

Care  of  Sick  and  Insane  Poor  .    ...      4 

Carriages 337 

Carson,  Dr.  Joseph      237,511 

Carter,  Dr 356 

Case,  a  sad      152 

Catalogue  of  Museum 363 

of  Library 351,  352,  353,  355 

Raisonn^ 355 

Cathrall,  Edward 9 

Cavalry  Fund    .  ...  237 

Cells .    .  39,  128 

Centre  Building 91 

Clinic  Room  in 78 

Library  removed 348 


Certificate,  Engraved    .    .    .  324,  328,  329 

for  Students 470,  471,  479 

of  Insanity 134,  148 

Chains  around  Penn's  Statue  .    .  329,  334 

for  Lunatics 126 

Chair.  Dr.  Rush's  Tranquillizing    .    .  i6r4 

Chapin,  Dr.  John  B 102,  185 

on  Insanity 160 

Chapman,  Dr.  Nathaniel  ....  107,  234 
Character   of    Medical    Staff 

445.    448,   456 

Charitable  Women 267 

Charity  Bo.\ 365 

Boxes 263,  264 

Patients      203,  217 

Charter  and  Grant  of  Land  18 

of  the  Hospital 9 

of  Privileges 333 

of  Proprietaries  not  accepted  ...    21 

Chauncey,  Chas.,  Esq 296 

Opinion  of 86,  87,  290 

Chew,  Benjamin 83 

Cholera  Epidemic 74 

Chovet,  Dr.  Abraham 331,  359 

Christ  Healing  the  Sick 305 

Church,  Dr .    .  234 

City  Troop 236,  237 

Civil  War 226 

Clajip,  Wm.  R 342 

Clark,  Samuel 442 

Clarke,  Dr.  John  Y 337 

Classical    Attainments  of  Early   Phy- 
sicians   448 

Classification  of  Insane 115 

Class  of  Dr.  Thomas  Bond  in  1770     .  471 

Clay,  Henry 313 

Clergymen  in  the  Hospital 96 

Clinics  at  .Almshouse 220 

Clinical  .Xmphitheatre 112 

Lectures 476 

Out-patient  Service 109 

Teaching,  Dr.  Bond  on 462 

Clock,  Ritlenhonse 337 

Closing  of  Lying-in  Ward 238 

Coal  introduceil 78 

Coates,  Amy 84,  121,  505 

Coates,  Dr.  Benj.imin  H 121,  139 

Coates,  John  Reynell 331,  343 

Coates,    Samuel,  Account   of  Yellow 

Fever 72 

Coates,  Samuel,  71,  73,  77,  83,   139,   152, 
225,  256,  259,  262,  295,  298,  297,  296, 
326,    33',  352,  421,442,  474. 
Coates,  Portrait  of  Samuel    .    .      139,  342 

Coffee  House 50,  75 

Colden,  Dr.  Cadwal.ader    .  446,  448 

Coleman,  William  A 447 

College  of  Philadelphia 58 

College  of  Physicians 92,  325 

Colhoun.  Dr.  Samuel .    .  501 

Collier,  Miss  Eliz.-ibethS 106 

Collins,  Isaac 91 

Collins,  Zaccheus,    208,  236,289,  295,  342, 
343,  362, 424 

Cold  Water 206 

Colomb,  Dr 79 

Colored  Patients 202,  449 


566 


Commitments  for  Insanity,   127,  133,  145, 

1 48 

Committee  on  Rules  of  Order  ....    25 

Report  on  Franklin's  Accounts       .    68 

of  Safety 58 

Companions  for  the  Lunatics   .     148,  151 

"  Conestoga  Waggon  " 55,76 

Congress  banishes  Friends  to  Virginia  59 

Memorial  to 301 

Conrad,  Dr.  John,  Apothecary     .    .    .  535 
Constitution  of  Pennsylvania  ....  304 

Contagious  Diseases 203 

Continental  Money 56,  249 

Contract  with  Apothecary      530 

Contract,  a  Life 136 

Contributions 365 

Contributors 377 

approve  Plan  of  Hospital 37 

authorize  purchase  of  Real  Estate  117 

authorize  Sale  of  Ground 290 

decline  Franklin's  Conditional  Be- 
quest      6g 

Government  of  Hospital  vested  in 

the 10 

incorporated 11 

In  failure  of  Succession  of    ....     11 

List  of 377 

meet  m  Hospital 40 

Powers  and  Duties  of 365 

to  Elect  Managers   and   Treasurers 

Annually      10 

to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital   .    .    .  377 
urge    Removal   of    Insane  to  West 

Philadelphia .        .    91 

Cook,  Wm.  W 365 

Coolidge,    R.  H.,    Med.  Inspector 

U.  S.  A 95 

Cooper,  Dr.  Samuel,  Apothecary    .    .  534 
Cooper,  Sir  Astley,  Portrait  of    .    .    .  342 

Cope,  Caleb 435 

Cope,  Israel 85,  85 

Cope,  Mary 84 

Cope,  Thomas  Pvm,  83,  85,  86,   296,  297, 

425 

Corner-stone 39>  4°.  '20,  175 

Coroner,  Office  of 213 

Corporation    of   Contributors   to   the 

Pennsylvania  Hospital 10 

Correspondence  about  Site  of  Hospi- 
tal       16 

Councils  of  Philadelphia  City  exempt 
Vacant  Lots  from  Taxation  .    .    .  299 

Court  House 75 

Supreme,    decides    that    the    Hos- 
pital is  a  Public  Charity     ....  188 
Cows,  Hay,  etc.,  sold  for  Taxes     .    .  296 
Coxe,  Dr.  John  Redman     ...   So,  498 

Coxe,  Tench 419 

Craik,  Certificate  by  Dr.  Jas 534 

Cramond,  Henry 365 

"Crockie,"  The  Gatekeeper  and    .    .  545 
Crosby,  Joshua,  9,   13,  22,  24,  25,  27,  32, 

39,  40,  409 

Crosby,  Thos 265 

Curators  of  Pathological  Museum  .    .  364 

Cutbush,  Dr.  Edward 4S1,  533 

(hitler,  Dr.  Manasseh,  Journal  of  .    .  162 


DaCosta,  Dr.  J.  M 516 

Davis,  John,  Apothecary 528 

Daveni)ort's  Tavern 76 

Dawson,  Josiah      365 

Dawson,  Mordecai  L 175,  429 

Death  of  Benjamin  Franklin    ....    67 
of  a  Manager  and  a  Physician  from 
Yellow  Fever yi 

of  Joshua  Crosby,  first  President    .    40 
Deaths  of  ex-Resident  Physicians  .    .  482 

Deceased  Patients 211,  212 

Deed  for  Hospital  Lot 270,  273 

Delaware  County  Farm      293 

Delusions  as  to  Insanity 169 

Denny,  Wni.,  Lieutenant-Governor  .    40 

Department  for  the  Insane,  89,    113,   115 

116,  122,  243,  559 

Department,  Lying-in,  233,  235,  236,  238 

Out-Patient 245 

Derbyshire,  Alex.  J.     .      92,  175,  365,  433 
Diagnoses,  Peculiar    ....  204,  205,  206 

Dials,  Clocks  and  Spring 339 

Diary  of  Samuel  Coates 139 

Diet 211 

Disappointment,  as  a  cause  of 

Insanity 142 

Discharge  Statement 242 

Disorderly  Conduct  of  Students  .  .  475 
Dispensary  Service 107 

for  Mental  Disease 186 

Dollars 205 

Donaldson,  John 236 

Donations 365 

from  City  Troop 236 

of  Ground  from  the  Penns    .    .    .  51,  54 

of  Real  Estate 26 

Donations,  Unusual 268 

Dorsey,  Dr.  John  Syng.  107,  208,  341,  342 

478,  500 

Doz,  Andrew     266,  421 

Dream  of  Samuel  Coates 73 

Dressing  Carriage,  Morton's  .    .  478 

Dressers,  Appointment  of 527 

Drugs 525 

ordered  from  England 43 

Dunlap,  James,  Apothecary 532 

Dunlap,  John      236 

Duche,  Jacob 413 

Duelling      152 

East  Wing 36,  113 

Medical  Library  in 348 

Economy,  Committee  on 67 

Abolished 85 

Edwards,  Howard    ...  ...    96 

Elaboratory 60 

Elm,  Scion  of  Treaty 538,  539 

Enilen,  Dr.  Sam'l 503 

Engravings  presented 325,  330 

Engraved  Prints  of  the  Hospital,  321,  330 

Entertainments 96 

Entrance  changed  to  Eighth  St.  .  .  91 
Epidemic,  jirevents  meetings  .    .    .70,  71 

Estate,  Limitatii>n  of 11,248 

Eulogium  on  Franklin  .  .  67 
Evans,  Dr.  Cadwalader  .  .  446,  489 
Evans,  Jonathan   ...        9 


567 


Evolution  in  Care  and  Treatment  of 

Insane i6o 

Excliange  of  Property »78 

Executive  Council  arrests  Managers     59 

Exilius,  John.  En>;raver 329 

Examination  of  Apothecaries  ....  532 

Falconer,  Nathaniel 65,  421 

Farnum,  John 365,  431 

•■  Father  Yard" 95 

Female  Board  of  Assistants      ....    84 
Female  Department.  New  Entrance  .  190 

Fielding,  Robert 337 

Financial  .'\ffairs  and  .Administration,  247 

Financial  Difficulties 57,  59,  63 

Fines  granted 249 

of  NIanasjers 40,  41 

Fire  in  the  Hospital .547 

Engine     .    .  546 

Insurance    .    .  50 

Precaution  a);ain>t  54 

Firemen.  I'rovision  for  Injured    ...    97 

First  .Admission  to  Lying-in  Ward       235 

Child  born 234 

Meeting  of  Managers  .  13 

Fischer,   Dr.  Emil    ...  355 

Fisher's  Island  Purchased 5 

Fisher,  Dr.  Henry  M 99,  363 

Fisher,  Joseph,  Esq 9,  180,  365 

Fisher,  Sam'l  W.  .    .  297,  298 

Fisher,  Thom.xs  .    .  418 

Fisher,  William  W.  .    .120 

Fisher,  Redwood  ...  342 

Fling,  \Vm.  B ,?oi 

Fleeson,  Plunkett  414 

Forbes,  Louis  L 96 

Fothergill.   Dr.  John,  50,  75,  250,  323,  .^45 
.-,46,  ,^56  363,  459,  528 

Foulke,  Dr 69.  70.  '30,  469.  494 

Foundling  Hospital 233,  234 

Fox,  Dr.  George  .  ,sio 

Fox,  Samuel  M.     .  423 

Fraley,  Frederick 91 

Francis,  Tench 32 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  25,  32,  33,  34,  40,  41, 
42,  67,   209,   250,   263,   264,  345,  402, 

499.  403,  445.  446,  447- 
Account  of  the  Origin  of  the  Hos- 
pital by 6 

.\utobiography  of,  Extract  from  .    .      6 
a  Zealous  Worker  for  the  Hospital     7 

"  Brief  .\ccount " 35 

Dr.  Bond  Secures  the  .Assistance  of    6 
His  success  in  Obtaining  Legislative 

Assistance 6 

Inscription  for  Corner-stone  by   .    .    40 

"Junto" 447 

Legacy  of 67,  68 

letter  by .    .    20 

Portrait  of 247 

"Rise  and  Progress"  and  "Some 
Account  of  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital" ...  .24 
Square  ...  24 
Statue  of .  i''2 
the  First  Clerk  .  .  13 
writes  the  Petition  9 


Freas,  Monlecai  Lewis 267 

Free  Beds  Established 401 

French  Hospital 79 

Neutrals 221 

Friends'  Hospital  Proposed     ....      4 

Meeting-House 55.  76 

Friends  as  Non-Combatants     ....    58 

Funeral  Expenses 211 

Furniture.  Memorial  .    .    .  305 

Gallatin,  .Albert 233,  309 

(Jarden,  l'ropi>sed  Botanical  ....  536 
Gardner,  Dr.  Wm.,  .\|>othecary  .    .    .533 

(Jarrett,  John  B 103 

Address  of 317 

Garrett.  Washington  Evans 109 

Garrett.  Wm.  E 365 

tiarrison.  Nicholas 321 

Geary,  (iov.JohnW 100,  101 

Gerhard,  Dr.  Wm.  W.  .  .  .  iq6,  479,  510 
George,  Jesse     .  365 

Gibson,  James    .  ,^62 

Gilpin,  Joshua    .    .  .  3o(s 

Girard's  Child,  Stephen 138 

Stephen 236,  365 

Wife  of  Stephen 138 

Godfrey,  Thomas 447 

Godon,  Sylvanus  W 365 

"Golden  F"leece "     .    .  76 

Goodson,  Dr 448 

Gordon,  Tlioni;is .  249 

Graeme,  Dr.  Thos.  .  5,  9,  28,  32,  447,  485 
(Irand  Central  Theatre  Fire  ....  106 
Grant  by  Assembly  claimed  to  be  a 

Loan 6.1 

Greenleaf,  Isaac    .  .    .  413 

(ireeves.  Jas.  R.   .    .  '75,428 

GrilTitts.  William  9,  267 

Grigg,  John  W.  .    .  .    .36,5 

Gropengiesser,  J.  L.  .    .  337 

Ground  contributed 249 

don.Uiiin  of,  by  the  Penns     .    .    .51,  54 
given  to  City  by  Managers  ....  192 

offered  by  Proprietors 17.  18 

purchased  in  West  i'hiladelphia     .    89 

purchased 36,  270,  289,  302 

selected  by  Proprietors,  rejected  as 

unsuitable 20 

sold 284 

Gymnastic  Building 190 

Gyna;cologist,  Consulting 186 

Hall,  William 266,  350 

Ilallani    Theatrical   Co.,    of   London, 
perform     for    the    benefit    of    the 

Hospital 43 

Hamilton,  Gov.,  Committee   to    wait 

upon      34 

Letters  to  the  Penns  from  .    .    .    .  13,  14 

Hard  Money  required 57.  59 

Hare,  Dr.  Horace  Binney 99 

Harris,  Dr.  Thomas 505 

Harte.  Dr.  Richard  H 519 

Ilartshorne,  Dr.    Edward 513 

Ilartshorne.  Dr.  Joseph,  84,  342,  352,  500 

535 

Resigns 201,  202 


56S 


Hartshonie,  Paltisun 8i,  442 

Hazard,  Sam'l 9.  25 

Henzey,  Joseph  337 

Hermit,  A  Lunatic 134 

Hessians  wounded 5.S 

Hewcs,  Josiali,  56,  259,  263,  266,  326,  420, 

442 

Hewson,  Dr.  Addinell 515 

Hewson,  Dr.  Thomas  T 452,  502 

Hintze,  Miss  Anna  A 105 

History  of  Hospital,  Frankhn's  ...    34 

Continuation  of 48 

Hockley,  Richard 249,  250,  321 

Hodge.' Dr.  Hush  L 237,  505 

Holden,  Isaac,  Architect 165 

HolHngsworth,  Paschall 208 

Home  fur  Nurses  and  Training  School  104 

Hood,  Nathaniel  P 365 

Hornor,  Mary 84 

Hoskins,  Graham,  .■\])Otliecary    .    .    .  535 

Hopkins,  Samuel 352,  361 

Hopkinson,  Francis  S 249 

Hopkinson,  Thomas 447 

Horsefield,  Thomas,  Apothecary, 534,  535 
Hospital  Accommodation  in  the 

Province 3 

Building  Lots  fur  2SS 

Enlargement  of 109 

first  proposed  by  Friends      ....      4 

in  difficulties 56,  57 

Need  of  a  General 5 

opened     ...  .    .    32 

Plan  of ,56,  37.  38 

remodelled     91 

seized  by  British  Troops  .        .      57,  59 

Seal  .    .  ■ 33,  34 

The  Pennsylvania,  a  Charily    .        .  294 

Tax 293 

House  of  Employment 82 

Howell,  Samuel  .    .  266.  350,  421 

Hubley,  Adam  420 

Hulet,  Engravc-i  321 

Humane  Society   .    .  .92 

Hunt,  Dr.  William 102,  516 

Hutchinson,  Dr.  James      ...  442,  491 
Hutchinson.  James,  Apothecary,  532,  535 

Hutchinson,    Dr.  James  H 517 

H)am,  Thomas,  Letter  from  17 

Ice  Houses 89 

Immigrants,  Treatment  of  Sick     .      4.  .5 
Improved  Condition  of  Insane    .    .    .  166 

Indians 205 

Indiviilual  Treatment 187 

Infection  Spread  by  Defective  Quar- 
antine     4 

Inglis,  John 9 

Inoculation  for  Smallpox 212 

Inquest,  Law  of  Coroner's 212 

Insane,  .■\musements  for  the  159,  149,  169 
Customary  Legal  Methods  for  the      4 

Departments 113,  289,  301 

Department,  Medical  Officers  of    .  524 
Dr.  Rush's  Views  on  Treatment  of, 

149.  163 

Patients  on  Free  List      217 

Work  for  the,  149,  151, 155, 157,  158,  180 


Insane  Patients  Removed 89 

Trained  Nurses  for 169 

Treatment  of,  125,  145,  147,  163,  167,  178 

Insanity  as  a  Disease 169,  177 

Samuel  Coates  on 139,  152 

Inscripti<jn  on  Penn's  Statue   ....  333 

Insurance  against  Fire 50 

Interments  in  Hospital  Grounds     .    .  138 
Irwin,  Miss  Frances 104 

Jacobs,  Dr.  Wm.  Stevens 361 

James,  Dr.  Thomas  Chalkley, 

201,  234,'237,  342,  499 

Jaudon.  Dr.  Chas.  B 481 

Jeanes,  Wm.  C 365 

Jenks,  Joseph  R 85,86,427 

Johnston,  Alex.  W 86,  120 

Johnson,  Joseph 85,  86 

Johnson,  Martha       84 

Jones,  Dr.  Edward 446,  448 

Jones,  Dr.  John 493 

Jones,  Isaac 413 

Jones,  Jacob  P 436 

Jones,  Owen,  Jr 442 

Jones,  Robert  Strettell 59,  418 

Junto,  The 447 

Kearsley,  Dr.  John,  Jr 448 

Keble,  John 365 

Keble,  Will  of  John 290 

Keene,  Reynold    ....  77,  263,  283,  419 

Keeper  of  insane 147 

Key,  John 89 

Kielman,  Gustavus  Fred,  Apothecary  533 
Kinsey  (Judge)  Mansion  hired,  28,  32,  113 

Kirkbride,  Dr.  Jos.  J 175 

Kirkbride,  Mahlon 35 

Kirkbride,  Dr.  Thomas  Story, 

169,  175,  178,  iSo,  184,  196,  202 

Koplin  Donation 269,  366 

Kuhn,  Dr.  Adam 451,  490 

Laboratory,  Pharmaceutical     ....  527 

Latimer,  George 228,  229 

Law  Regulating  Election  of  Managers  29 

Lawrence,  Thomas 412 

Lazaretto .5 

Lecture-Room,  Circular  .  349 

Lectures 79,  82 

at  Hospital 459,  460 

by  Dr.  Chovet 360 

Disturb.nue  at 475 

Dr.  Wm.  Shippen's 358 

Illustrated,  for  Insane  Department 

1-3,  191 

in  Museum      364 

to  Nurses 105 

to  Patients iqi,  173 

Legacies,    Donations,  and   Contribu- 
tions   365 

Form  for 268 

Legacy,  Franklin's 67 

Legal  Opinion 213,  290,  294 

Legislative  Committee,  Visit  of 

35,  43,  53-  54,  60 

Legislature  Grants  /"2000 26 

Address  to 256,  259 

Committee  Reports  to 443 


569 


Legislature,  Memorial  to,   .  391,  294,  296, 
297,  3"o,  30' 

Leprous  Patient 204 

Letters,  Gov.  Hamilton  to  Tlios.  Penn, 

Esq 13,  14 

A.  Walker,   Jr.,    British    Agent,    to 

the  .Managers 225 

Benjamin  Kranklin  (Re|>rochiction)  335 
Benjamin  West  to  Managers 

306,  307,  309,  310,  312 
Committee  of  Managers  to  Trustees 

of  University      X3 

Correspondence  between  Managers 
and  Philadelphia  City  Alms- 
house and  House  of  Employ- 
ment      218 

Directors  of  .Academy  of  Fine  Arts  315 
Dr.  Jas.  Craik  lo  Managers  ....  534 
Dr.  J.  C.  Lettsom  to  Managers 

322,  324,  326 
Dr.  John  Fothergill   to  James  Pem- 

berton 356 

Dr.  John  Fothergill  to  Managers  .  459 
Dr.  John  Morgan  to  Managers  .  .  46S 
Dr.  Rush  to  the  Managers  ....  147 
Dr.  Thomas  Bond  to  Managers  .  .  469 
Dr.  Thomas  T.  Hewson  to  Man- 
agers      325 

Elias  Bland  to  John  Reynell,  Man- 
ager   546 

Father  of  Mary    Elizabeth    Doer  to 

the  Managers 134 

(ieorge    Latimer,    Collector  of  the 

Port,  to  the  Managers                .    .  228 
Gov.     Thom.is    McKean    to    Mana- 
gers     325 

Humane  Society  to  the  Managers  .  92 
Henry  S.  Drinker  to  Managers  .  336 
1 1  yam  and  Bevan  to  Managers  .  17,  23 
L  Melcher  to  Samuel  Rhoads  ...  62 
James  Traquair  to  .Managers  .  340,  341 

John  Hulme  to  Managers 336 

J.  R.  Ingersoll  to  Managers  ....  316 
Joseph  Mauntz,  to  the  Managers    .  136 
Joseph  Sansom  to  Managers     .    .    .  332 
Jos.    Reed,    Secretary   of    Trustees 
University     of    Pennsylvania,    to 

Managers 362 

Joshua  Gilpin  to  Managers  .  .  308,  309 
Managers  to  Benjamin  West  .  307,  308 
Managers  to  Dr.  John  Fothergill 

358,  359.  528 
ALinagers  to  Governor  Mifflin  .  .  .  444 
Managers  to  Hyani  and  Bevan 

16.  20.  21.  23,  24 
Managers  to  John  Penn,  Esq.  .  .  .332 
Managers  to  Matthias  Koplin  ...  26 
Managers  to  Medical  Class  .  .  472,  474 
Managers  to  Peter  Wynne,  Esq.  .  350 
.Managers  to  Proprietaries  .  15,  52,  53 
.Managers  to  Win.  Strahan  ....  347 
Matthias    Koplin    to    Christopher 

Sauer 26 

Medical    Staff   to    Managers 

529.  532,  537 
Medical  Students  to  Managers    .    .  342 


Letters,  Overseers  of  Poor  of  Chester 
Ciiunty  to  the  Managers     .        .    .137 
Peter  Miilileiiberg,  Collector  of  the 

I'cirt.  to  the  .Managers 229 

Physicians  to  Managers 527 

Proprietors  by  the  Slan.igers     ...     15 
Saml.  Powel    Griffitts.  Secretary  of 
College    of    Physicians,  to     Man- 
agers      457 

Shipping  .Agents  to  Managers  .  .  .311 
Students  lo  Board  of  .Managers  .  .  472 
Surg,  (ien'l  Henry  II.  Smith   to  the 

Managers     .    .  • 92 

The  Guardians  of  the    Poor  to  the 

Managers 207 

The  Man.agers  to  the  Collector  .  .  229 
The  Managers  to  Gov.  Mifflin  .  .  255 
riie  Medical  Stall  to  the  Managers  83 
Thomas  Penn  to  Hyam  and  Bevan  17 
Thos.  Wagstafie  to  Man.igers  •  .  .  339 
Trustees  of  I'niversity  of  Pennsyl- 
vania to  Managers  .  .  •  ....  82 
William  Lewis  to  Managers  .  .  .285 
Wm.  C>.  Malin  to  the  Managers  .  154 
Wm.  Meredith  to  Managers  ....  268 
with  Collector  of  the  Port  ....  330 
with  John     Sargeant,  President    of 

Preston  Retre.at 237 

with  War  Offlce    in  regard  to  Sol- 
dier Patients 224 

W'oman's    Hospital    to   the   Mana- 
gers  .    .    .    .     • 105 

Lettsom.  Dr.  .  322,  323,  325,  346,  351,  352 

Levick,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  W 221 

Levick,  Dr.  James  J 479,512 

Levis,  Dr.  Richard  J 518 

Lewis,  Hannah      ....  .84 

Lewis.  Joseph  Saunders  .    81 

Lewis,  Jacob 129,  131,  274 

Lewis,  Jos.  L.  296 

Lewis,  John  S 437 

Lewis,  Lawrence         291,  428 

Lewis,  Mordecai     .    .71,  86,  117,  120,  124 

LewMs,  Mordecai,  Jr 426,  442 

Lewis,  Dr.  Morris  J 519 

Library  and  Pathological  Museum      .  345 

Lights  and  Fires 547 

Lloyd,  Dr.  Thos 448 

Lo.an  Office  Funds 254,  262 

Lodge 114 

Logan,  Dr.  William    .    .    .    .265,356,416 

London  Coffee  House 50,  75,  76 

Longevity,  Instance  of 135 

Longstreth,  Dr.  Morris 363,  519 

Lord  Chancellor's  decision 251 

Love,  as  a  cause  of  disease 204 

Lownes,  Joseph  .    .    .    .289,298,331,424 

Lukens,  Dr.  Chas 237,  505 

Lun.itic  Department  removed      .    .    .115 

Lunatics      3,  114,132,  133 

Lunatics,    First    Provided    for  by  the 

Hospital 3 

Lunatic  Patient,  First 32 

Lunatic  Patients,  Free 217 

without  Public  Provision 3 

Lying-in  Department     .    .    .  202,  232,  349 


570 


Madd-Shirt 147 

Male  Department  opened 177 

Malin,  Mr.,  on  Treatment  of  Insane, 

'54,  157 
Malin,   Win.   G.,  a  Faithful  Steward, 

102,  353,  354,  540 
Managers'  action  on  Theatrical  Bene- 
fit     43 

address  to  the  Proprietors     ....    15 

appeal  for  Subscriptions 45 

arrested  by  E.\ecutive  Council    .    .    59 

banished  to  V'irginia 59 

chosen  .Annually   by  the  Contribu- 
tors     10 

Economy  of 33 

Fines  of 40,  41,  64,  Si 

First  Board  of 12 

greeting  to  Gov.  Denny      41 

Law  Regulating.  Election  of    ...    29 

meet  at  Coffee  House 5°,  75 

meet  at  "  Conestoga  Waggon  "   .    .    55 

Pennsylvania  Hospital 405 

punctuality 25 

suspend    Meetings   on    account    of 

Yellow  Fever 70 

visit  Museum 363 

Mandamus  applied  for  and  refusal     .  100 

Mania,  Treatment  of 125 

Marine  Hospital  Service   ....  226,  232 
Martial  Law,  Hospital  under  .    .        .  223 

Mason,  Samuel 91 

Masters.  William 414 

Maternity  Ward 232 

Matrons,  List  of 544 

McConaghy,  Ale.xander,  Gatekeeper,  545 

McKean,  Chief  Justice 148 

McKean,  Thomas 325,  443 

Medical  and  Surgical  Reports     .    .    .  loi 

Medical  Apprentices 82 

as  Apothecaries  and  Resident 

Physicians 520,  532 

Medical  Fund 212 

Medical  Library         90,  457 

Medical   School    first    suggested   by 

Dr.  Fothergill 357 

Medical  Staff 80.  83,  201 

Medical  StafT  and  Medical  Teaching,  438 

456 
Medicine,  First   Course   of   Lectures 

on 458 

Meeting  in  Hospital,  First 40 

of  Contributors  must  be  held  .Annu- 
ally in  Philadelphia,  in  May     .    .     10 

Meigs,  Dr.  Arthur  V 519 

Meigs,  Dr.  Charles  D 237,  509 

Meigs,  Prof  Chas.  D.,  Address  by  .    .  449 

Meigs,  Dr.  James  .^itken 517 

Meigs,  Dr.  John  F.,  Address  by  ...    98 
Meigs.  Dr.  John  Forsyth  .    .  363,  402,  513 

on  Women  Students 475 

Memorial  Furniture 305 

Pavilions 109,  iii 

Tablet,  Dr.  Kirkbride's 290 

to  Legislature 77 

Mental  and  Nervous  Department    .    .  102 
Mental  Diseases,  Dispensary  Service,  186 


Meredith,  VV' .    83 

Meredith,  Reese    .    .  9 

Meredith,  William    ....  268 

Meteorology,  Dr.  Bond  on  414 

Microscopist  Appointed 99 

Midwifery  Neglected  ...      232 
Mier,  Thos.  and  Sam'l    .  537 

Mifflin,  Appeal  to  Governor  444 

Mifflin,  George  ...  .    .  418 

Mifflin,  Governor     .  255,  256 

Mifflin.  John    ....  ...      9 

Mitchell,  Dr.  John  K 479,  504 

Mifflin,  Thomas 55,  233,  416 

Military  Duty,  Exemption  from  ...    66 

Ministration  to  the  Sick 95 

Money,  First  Grant  by  Legislature  .  26 
from  Signers  of  Paper  Money,  .  .  267 
Gold  and  Silver,  required     .    .    .57,  59 

Hard 249 

Second  Grant  by  Legislature  ...    49 

Moore,  Dr.  Charles 490 

Moore,  Dr.  John  Wilson    .    .  202,  237,  503 

Moore,  Dr.  John 503 

Moore,  Dr.  Samuel  Preston, 

28,  32,  266,  446,  486 

Moore,  Thos 283 

Morgan,  Dr.    .  459 

Morgan,  Dr.  John,  as  Apothecary      .  526 

Biography  of  .  ...  489 

Resignation  of  .    .  46S 

Morgan,  Evan  249,411 

Morris,  A.,  Jr .    .      9 

Morris,  .^nth.     ...  .9 

Morris,  Dr.  Benjamin  .    .    .  347 

Morris,  Dr.  Caspar 481,  522 

Morris,  Catharine  W.  .  ...    84 

Morris,  Deborah  .    .  356 

Morris,  Jacob  G 429 

Morris,  Joseph 264,  411 

Morris,  Joseph  Saunders 426 

Morris,  Luke      9 

Morris,  Robert,  Esq.,  Financier 

General 63 

Morris,  Samuel         236 

Morris,  Thomas  S 81 

Morris,  Wistar 91,  364,  434 

Mortgage  on  Hospital  Property  ...  83 
Payment  in  Depreciated  Currency 

Refused 58 

Morton,  Charles  M 96 

Morton,  Dr.  Thomas  G., 

102,  103,  362,  363,  477,  478,  516 
Morton's  Ward  Dressing  Carriage  .  477 
Muhlenberg,  Peter  ...  .    .  229,  230 

Musical  Instruments 337 

Museum  and  Library      345,  356 

Mutual  -Association  Co.  98 

Neill,  Dr.  John 511 

Nicholes,  Monument  to  Charles  .    .    .  139 

Ni.Non,  John 415 

Norris,  Charles     .    .    .  ■     ...        .  9,  412 

Norris,  Dr.  George  W 507 

Norris,  Isaac 11,  32,  210,  211 

North  House 60 

North  Wing  170 


571 


Niirsfs'  Hdmh.'.  NiH  Building  for  .    .  io6 

Nurses,  Rules  for 555 

Nurses'  Training  School 104 

Obstetrical  Cases 234 

Occupation  for  the  Insane 

149.  '5',  '55.  "S" 
Old  London  CoflTee  House  .  .  .  .  50,  75 
Opening  of  Insane  Department,  122,  176 

Ord.  (Jeo.  B 365 

Ordinance  Exempting  Lots  from 

Taxation      299 

Otto,  John  C S4,  342,  501 

Out- Patient  Department 245 

Service  of 107 

Owen,  Dr.  driffith    .  448 

Packard,  Dr.  John  H.     .  .    .  519 

Painting,  Christ  Healing  the  Sick  .    .  305 

Pancoast,  Dr.  Joseph 512 

Paper  Money S6.  57.  59 

Signers  of 266,  267 

Parke,  Dr.  Thomas  .  84,  442 

Experience  of    .    .  .  141 

Parrish,  Dr.  Joseph  '<4,  501 

Parsons,  William  447 

Paschall.  Joseph 283,  442 

Pathological  ^insl^In 345 

Chemist    .  .    99 

Patient,  first  .    32 

Patients    .  .  2oi 

Kmploymeiit  of  ...  -33 


Free  insane 

Crateful 

Interesting      

Movement  of  (Table  1  .  . 
protected  from  Intrusion 
removed  to  Pine  Street  Hospital 


170 

33 
204 
241 
130 

42 


Rules  for  Admission  of ...    .  556,  561 

Rules  for 32,  208,  211 

Paul,  John      117.  120,427 

Paul.  Hannah 84 

Peace,  Dr.  Edward 510 

Peale,  Ch.is.  Wilson 78 

Pemberton,  James .  414,  528 

banished  to  Virginia 59 

Pemberton,  Israel      .    .  9,  25,  28,  266,  282 

banished  to  Virginia 59 

Pemberton,  Israel.  Jr 410 

Penal  Notes  required  to  Secure  Sub- 
scriptions   ....  25 

Pcnington,  Edward  2S2.  334,  353,  417 
Penn's  Chair  .  336 
Penn  Family  .  249 
Penn,  John  .  330 
Penn,  John,  Esq..  .\d(he.ss  to  Gov.  .  50 
Penn,  Thom.is.  Letter  from 17 

Thomas  and  Richard    .    .        .    .  13,  321 

Thomas    and     Richanl,    Grant     of 

Land 20,  273,  274,  276 

Penn,  Richard  ....     15 

Penn,  William  39,  330,  331 

Bust  of 340,  344 

Penrose,  Thos 442 

Pennsylvania    .\svlum    for    Deaf  and 
Dumb    .  '  .    .  286 


Pennsylvania    Hospital,    Arguments 

in  favor  of 3 

Hospital  Charter 9 

Hospital  and  Lun.atics 3 

Hospital.  Marks  an  Epoch  in  Treat- 
ment of  the  Ins:ine       4 

Hospital,  a  Public  Charily  ...  188 
Hospital  Property  Non-taxable  .  .  304 
Hospital.  Selection  of  a  Site  for  .  .  13 
Hospital  Training  School  for  Nurses 

104,  269 

Hospital  well  conducted 185 

Land  Company      55,  250,  251 

Legislature  Exempts  Hospital  Prop- 

'■-'■<>■ 30'.  3"3 

Pepper,  George  S.     .  .  365 

Pepper,    Dr.  William  363,  509 

Pep|>er,  Dr.  Wm.      ...  ...  452 

Perot,  Elliston      423,  442 

Pest  House  and  Lazaretto 5 

Peters.  Richard 25,  410 

Petition,  .\  pathetic 134 

to  Assembly   .  45,  49,  63,  65,  66,  87,  259 

for  a  Provincial  Hospital 3,  8 

Pharmacy,  The  Hospital 525 

Philadelphia  .\lmshouse 5 

Contributionsliip 50,  97 

Councils,  Petition  to 298 

Early  Quarantine  at  Port  of  .        .    4,  5 

Hospital  .        ...        220 

Yellow  Fever  in 70,  74 

Physicians,     Biographical     Sketclies 

of 485 

Early,  of  Province 446 

interested  in  Welfare  of  Hospital  .  442 
must  Visit   Patients   before   A<lniis- 

sion    ...  .So 

ofl'er  to  Attend  Patients  Gratis    .    .      9 

Resident  ...  480 

to  give  Proof  of  Skill      28 

to  Out-Patient  Department  ....  246 

Physical  Restr.iint 127,  178 

Plivsick,  Dr.,  .Anecdote  of 452 

Physick,  Dr.  Philip  Syng, 

80,   144,  342.  343,  361,  476,  497 

Picture  House 310,319 

altered  for  Nurses    .  .    .  105 

leased .92 

Pinel 160.  168 

Pine  Street  Hospital  .  35,  113 

opened 42,   113 

Pioneer,  Pennsylvania  Hospital  the    161 
Plan  of  Hospital  Approved    .    .  36,  37,  38 

Plans  for  .\lter.itions 90 

Plate  p^ngravings 324 

Pleasants,  Isr.iel  •71 

Pletcher.  Miss  Rachel      .  105 

Plumstead,  Wm 9 

Poetry  by  Insane  Patient 142 

Poisoning  by  Poke  Root 221 

Pollock,  Governor  Jas 94 

Polly,  an  Insane  P.itient 141 

Poor  Guardians    ....  207,  210,  219 

House 321 

Patients 79 

Patients'  Debts  Cancelled      ....  137 


572 


Poor,  Sick  and  Insane,  without  Cart- 
previous  to  Establishment  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Hospital    .        ...      7 
Potts,  Jonathan,  (ieneral        ....        60 

Poulson,  Zachariah 353,  425 

Powell,  Samuel      418 

Practice  of  the  House 456 

Pratt's  Royal  Standard  Tavern  .  .  27 
Precautions  against  Yellow  Fever  .  69,  71 
President,  Franklin  Elected     ....    40 

Price,  Joseph       86,  427 

Price,  Dr.  William 202,  503 

Prints,  Engravings,  and  Statuary  .  .  321 
Prisoners  of  War  as  Patients    ....    62 

Private  ApartuKiits 39 

Prize  Money  Granted,  Unclaimed  66,  249 

Property  of  Insane  Department      .    .  195 

levied  Upon  and  Sold  for  Ta.ves     .  295 

Proprietors,  .Address  to 15 

Province,  Early  Physicians  of  ...    .  446 

Provincial  Assembly  Grant 248 

Hospital  Proposed    .    .  ....      3 

Public  Houses,  a  Cause  of  Disease  .  207 
Puerperal  Fever  in  Maternity  Ward  .  238 
Pupils  of  Physicians 80 

Quarantine,  First  in  Philadelphia  .    .      4 

Randolph,  Dr.  Jacob 507 

Real  Estate,  Limit  E.xtended,  93,269,301 
Redman,  Dr.  28,  32,  351,  357,  360,  447,486, 

525,  529 

Redman,  Joseph 415 

Redemption  Servants 81 

Registrars  Appointed 102 

Removal  of  Insane  Patients  ...  89 
Religious  Work  ill  the  Hospital  .  .  95,  96 
Report  of  Building  t'ommittce    .  176,  177 

Reports,  .\nnual 166,  169 

of  Cases loi 

Resignation  of  Dr.  Conrad 536 

Residence  of  Mr.  Busti 118 

Resident  Physicians 190 

Early 480,  481 

List  of 520 

Rules  for .550 

to  Keep  Records 101 

Resignation  of  Dr.  John  Morgan    .    .  46S 

Retreat loS,  114 

Revenue  from  Medical  Teaching    .    .  461 

of  Hospital 248 

Revolution,  Hospital  during  the     .    .223 

Revolutionary  War 58 

Period 56 

Reynell,  John       .  9,  211,  249,  264,  412,  546 

Rhoads,  Samuel,  9,  36,  37,  42,  59,  129,  131 

2n,  236,  249,  264,  411,  447 

Richardson,  Joseph 9,  413 

Richardson,  Dr.  Joseph  G 99 

Rittenhouse  Clock 337,  338 

Ritz,  Dr.  Charles  M 363 

Roberdeau.  Daniel 42,  264,  412 

Roberts,  Charles 85 

Roberts,  Hugh 25,  416 

Roberts.  Jonathan 525 

Royal  Standard  Tavern 13,  75 

Rules  and  Regulations  .    .  549 


Rules  for  Nurses  in  Training  ....  104 
for  Choice  of  Phjsicians   .    .    .  440,  456 

for  Patients 81,  208,  211 

for  the  Library 350,  351 

Rush,  Dr.  Benjamin,  78,  80,  295,  442,  447 
451,481,493 

Bust  of 231,  343 

Portrait  of 342 

Services  of  .  .  .  143,  145,  146,  148,  161 
on  Treatment  of  Insane    .  149,  162 

Rush,  Dr.  William 506 

Sacred  Concert 263 

Sailors 220,  227,  232 

Sale  of  Lots 2S4 

Sanitary  Commission,  U.  S.  Contribu- 
tion from      96 

Sanson!,  Beulah     .        .  .    .    84 

Sansom,  Sam'l 9 

Satchell,  Dr.  Southey  S 5 

Sauer,  Christopher,  Letter  to  .    .    .    .    26 

Scotchman,  Pride  of  a 341 

Seal  of  Hospital 33.  34 

Seamen 94,  95,  96 

of  U.  S.  Navy 227 

Seckel,  Lawrence 81 

Separation  of  Male  and  Female  Wardsi74 
Sermon  by  Rev.  Geo.  Whitfield  .  .  .  262 
Servants,  Domestic,  Purchased  ...    81 

Seymour,  Engraver 328 

Shields,  Mary 183,  365 

Shippen,  Edward 443 

Shippen,  Joseph 9 

Shippen,  Dr.  Wm (42,  458,  489 

Shippen,  Dr.  William.  Jr.,  50,  75,  233,  345 
356,  447,  459.  460481.  492 

Shoemaker,  Benj.  H no,  319 

Shoemaker,  Jonathan 426 

Slioemaker,  S 9 

Slioemaker,  Dr.  Samuel  B 483 

Shunk,  Gov.  Francis  R.  ...  303 
Sick  Strangers 3 

and  Insane  Poor,  Early  Provision  for  4 

Sims,  Jos 9 

Site  of  Hospital,  Selection  of .    .    .  13,  16 

Slade,  Robert,  .Apothecary 528 

Slaves 131,  203 

Sloan,  Samuel,  Architect 175 

Smith,  Dr.  Francis  Gurney 514 

Smith,  Franklin  R.,  Apothecary  .  .  535 
Smith,  George  Roberts    .    .  289,  291,  428 

Smith,  Dr.  Henrv  H 102,  481 

Smith,  Jas.,  Jr.  .' 424 

Smith,  John 411 

Smith,  John,  Jr 117,  120 

Smith,  John  J 86 

Smith,  Miss  Marion  E 105 

Smith,  Newberry,  Jr.,  .Apothecary     .  535 

Smith,  Robert 71 

Smith,  Samuel  .  9 

Smith.  Dr.  Wm.  .Apothecary    .    .    .      529 

Smith.  Rev.  William 58,  67 

Snyder.  Simon 329 

Society  Square 269,  275 

Soldiers 94,  95,  96 

admitted.  Wounded 58 

Convalescent,  as  Patients        .    .  61.  62 


573 


SoUliiTs  as  I'atitiits  .  .  222,  223,  224.  226 
Special  Practice  RecoRiiizcd    .    .  201,  202 

S|>iitfor(l.  Geo 9 

Spruce  Street,  Widening  of 100 

Staff,  Meniliers  of  Medical  and 

Surgical 483,  563 

Hospital 43.S,  440,  456 

State  House,  First  Meeting  of 

Contributors  Held  in 74 

State  Legislative  (Vranls 249 

Statement,  with  Regard  to  Theatrical 

Benefit 43 

Statistics,  Insane  Department  .  .  .  243 
Statistical  Table  of  .Admissions  and 

Discharges 240 

Statue  of  \Vm.  Penn  ....  329,  3,51,  332 
Steps  Towards  Establishing  Hospital  4 
Steward  E.xcused  from  Military 

Service 66 

Stewards,  List  of 544 

Stewardson,  Dr.  Thos 508 

Stewardson,  Thomas,  Sr.  .    .  83,  295,  425 

Stone  in  Bladder 206 

Story,  John,  Steward  and  Apothecary  533 

Stout,  Henry  T 365 

Straight  Jacket 147 

Strangers 210 

excluded      153 

Streets  not  to  be  Opened 292 

Strettell,  Amos 9.  4'5 

Strickland,  \Vm 328 

Students  to  .Mtend  Almshouse  Clinics  220 

certificates      330 

Disorderly  Conduct  of  .    ...  470,  475 

offended      472 

to  Pay  for  Privileges 460,  467 

Subscriptions 35 

Notes  for 25 

solicited 25 

to  Lying-in  Department 236 

Suicide 14S 

Sully,  Thomas 342 

Sunderland,  John 175 

Sunstroke 479 

Surgeons  Elected 202 

to  Out  Patient  Department  ....  246 
Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  loi 
Swift,  Joseph 59,  444 

Tasker,  Thomas 91 

Taxation  of  Hospital  Real  Estate  .  .  293 
Taylor,  Capt.  George,  gatekeeper  .  .  545 
Temporary  Hospital  considered  .  .  27 
Terms  of  Medical  Apprentices  .  .  534 
Thanks  of  Board  of  Physicians  .  .  28 
Theatrical  Plav  for  the  Hospital  ...    43 

Thomas,  Dr.  f .  Gaillard 458 

Tliomi>son,  John  J 437 

Title,  Clearing  of 284 

Townsend.  Joseph  B no 

Training  School 107,  169 

Transfer  of  P.iticnts 165 

Traquair,  James 339,  340,  341 

Treasurer  Chosen  Annually  by  the 

Contributors 10 

to  give  Security 27 


Treatment  of  Insane,   125,    145,   147,    163, 

167,  178 
Medical  and  Moral 167,  180 


Results  of 

Treaty  Elm 

Troop  of  Cavalry.  First  City 
Tucker.  \V.  E.,  Engraver  . 
Tuke,  William  ..... 
Turnpenny,  Joseph  C.  .  . 
Tyson  Farm  purchased  .  . 
Ty|)hoid  Fever 


166 
538.  539 
•    ■  »36 

•  3.?o 
.    .  160 

•  436 
"93 
479 


I'nderwriters'  Fines 267 

United  States  Taxes 300,  302 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  82,  325,  234, 

362 
Use  of  Library 457 

Vaccination,  Free 212 

of  Poor 81 

Vaux,  Richard,  Mayor 175 

Vaux.   Roberts 426 

Visitors,  .\dmission  of 562 

Foreign 103 

Gratuities  from      54 

restricted 130 

W.igstaffe,  Tlios 339 

Walker,  Alexander,  Jr 63,  225 

Wallace,  Dr.  Ellerslie 478 

Wain,  Robert 71,  423 

Wain,  Robert,   Jr 267 

Wain,  S.  .Morris 434 

Walnut  Street  Prison,  Yellow  Fever 

in 73 

Wards,  Additional 171 

The  "Fisher" 180,  182 

Mary  Shields' 183,  184 

Warming  .Apartments  for  the  Insane,  153 

War  of  the  Rebellion 94 

Warville,  M.  de.  Description  of 

Hospital  by 448 

Washington's  Birthday  Celebration       86 

Washington,  Bust  of 341 

Washington,  Dr 338 

Washington  Fire  Company 546 

Water,  Schuylkill,  Introduced     .    .    .    8r 
Waters,  Dr.  Nathaniel  B.,  Apothe- 
cary    533 

Watson,  Joseph 426 

Webster,  Noah,  Lectures  for  the 

Hospital 263 

Weed,  Dr.  George 145 

Apothecary 526 

Welsh,  Samuel      175,  365 

Welsh,  William 91 

West,  Benjamin 80,  305,  319 

West's  Painting 305,  313,  317 

West  Philadelpliia  Purchase    .    .  289,  301 

West  Wing  Completed 78 

Western  Wing 114,  144 

Wharton.  Is.aac 420 

Wharton.  Robert,  Mayor   .    .  73,  289,  528 
Wharton,  Thomas 415 

Banished  to  \'irginia 59 

Wharton,  Thomas,  Jr 223 


574 


Whitall,  John  M i75i  432 

White,  Rev.  William 58 

Whitfield,  Rev.  George      262 

Widows  and  Single  Women      ....  267 

Williamson,  Isaiah  \' ,365 

Williamson,  The  I.  \'.,  Building,  191,  192 
Wistar,  Bartholomew  .  S6,  117,  120,  442 
Wistar,  Caspar    ....  295,  234,  361,  495 

Bust  of 343 

Wistar,  Caspar,  Jr So 

Wistar,  Richard 425 

Wistar,  Thomas 444 

Wolf,  Governor  George 89 

Woman  Visitors,  Board  of  ....  84,  97 
Woman's  Hospital  Nurses 104 

Medical  College  Students  ....  474 
Women,  Charitable 267 

Students      474 


Wood,  Dr.  Geo.  B.  .  175,  506 

Address  of .    .    .  172 

Wood.  Horatio  C 91 

Works  of  Art 305 

VV'ynne.Thos.,  "  Chirurgeon  "  24,  446  448 

Yard,  Edmund  J 95 

Yarnall,  Peter,  Apothecary 533 

Yellow-Fever 69,  71,  74 

in  Philadelphia 69,  70,  74 

in  the  Hospital 71 

notes  by  Samuel  Coates 72 

patients 69 

York  Retreat 160,  168 

Zachary,   Lloyd,  Dr.   9,   28,  366,  440,  445 

487. 
Zachary,  Dr.,  Library  of,  presented  .  347 
Zane,  Sarah       337,  348 


M^fe^^ 


575 


